Where does the Reactive Power go? TheElectricalGuy
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 เม.ย. 2020
- In many cases, reactive power generated by a system is more than what it needs! The question is where is this additional reactive power going? Confused? Well in this video we are going to discuss about where does this reactive power go in details. So, to know about it more you need to watch the video.
#ReactivePower #PowerSystem #Electrical
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Sir: Just as wonderful the second time watching this video.
To make it even more easier to understand. Reactive power is never produced or consumed, we just say this for our convenience to describe whether load is more like inductor or more like capacitor.
Reactive power is just fluctuation of energy in form of electric or magnetic fields. When you apply voltage to inductor, it creates a magnetic field. Creating magnetic field consumes electrical energy. When you remove voltage, magnetic field of inductor dissipates back into electrical energy. Same thing with capacitor, but in capacitor electrical field is created. So in 60Hz sinewave circuit capacitors and inductors create and dissipate electric and magnetic fields 60 times per second. Just like pouring water from glass to glass.
The main reason why we are interested in reactive power is the fact that reactive power creates current in wires, which heats up this wires, melt wires, trip breakers etc.
Sorry for bad english:)
This is it. What you have just said is not known to most of the people who create educational videos like that. He said that the capacitor sends power to the system, but this is not fairly true. In a given period of time, it both takes energy and sends energy to the system, so the inductor does the same. When they are put together, they do the transaction with each other, so they don't send the energy back to the system and don't cause the unnecessary power fluctuation.
I imagine the fluctuation is like breathing. Your example of pouring water from glass to glass is far more understandable. I just want to thank you so much for this comment. I have thought about this for a long time and watched videos about it, but none of them gave me what I needed. Thank you. My English is bad too. Sorry for that.
thi is true explaination
Thank you very much for this word ( Reactive power is never produced or consumed, it is just fluctuation of energy in form of electric or magnetic fields) ....solved all my thinking problems.
Very good and conscise explanation.
So kind of you to explain the concept, regards and thanks.
Feels like learning something useful that is really present in the real world, while watching these videos. Thank you sir for such amazing explanations.
thank you so much. i have a great belief on your knowledge and for this i search your videos for any problems solution related on electrical.
sir, thanks for clearing such a complex concept.
U r explanation is very clear ,thank u for making this vedio
Very well explained! many thanks indeed.
The problems of effectively managing reactive power in transmission systems are significant, and add to the capital expenditure. This is one of the reasons why EHV DC lines are very attractive, especially for power transmission over longer distances, where inrush / charging losses and other line losses start to mount up. Also, effective management of long lines is a non-trivial exercise, and, although the switching / protection requirements of EHV DC are greater, this added cost is offset by reduced line losses, no need for VAR management, and the not insignificant problem of accurate phase matching, especially over long distance lines. For long distance, bulk transmission, I suspect DC may well be the future.
Why do people want to cook my daughter and myself ? We did nothing to anyone... Both of our thyroids are fried.
Fantastic information. Thank you.
Full respect sir 🙏 absolutely you are a good explainer and I like people such like this ❤️
u r a good explainer👍
Advice: u should try with KVAR digital meter with connection & show the reactive power on meter display to us
I can say all your tutorials are very useful. You are not only genius but also born to teach. Keep up your good work genius.
Thank You 😊 Do share and subscribe to my channel ✌🏻👍
You forgot to trim one line of one capacitor "C" in the PowerPoint. See at 4:45.
By the way, you are so hardworking, I know how much effort we have to do for such simple graphical representation and animation. Good work keep it up :)
Thanks for the explanation - Please post more videos on Power Quality Improvement (SVC, STATCOM, FACTS) - Also more on HVDC System (all course, I need from the basic concepts)
Very informative you clear my concept so.very thanks
all of your videoes explain the confused problems very simple. thank you so much
You are welcome 😇🙏🏻
How transformer or induction motor will use kVAR to produce magnetic field?please elaborate this phenomenon?
Thanks a lot for these clear and concise explanations. Well appreciated
Thank you 😊 Do subscribe to my channel and share the video ✌🏻🙏
@Gaurav J - TheElectricalGuy I so am learning a lot following your videos thank you so much for them. I just keep having questions.
so what will be the power factor of the system in the example you discussed? i would have said 1, but then the apparent power isn't equal to the real power and so despite the fact that the generator only supplies real power. So my guess will be that the power factor will be 91.2% since pf is real power/apparent power. Kindly let me know if I am right.
also, in the example you explained here, what if the capacitor C that generates 20KVAR of reactive power were to be damaged, what happens in that case? the system becomes short of 11KVAR of reactive power and will draw the reactive power from the Generator. if you had sized the line from the generator based on the apparent power when the capacitor worked, wouldn't that be a problem? since the new apparent power will be more. and hence the current flowing through the line will be more. I wonder if I am just thinking rubbish but I wish you can explain if I wrong.
Sir your explanation is awesome👏
Thank you sir.
Thank u bud ❤
Thank you sir !
Wow thank you so much , sir can you tell us what’s a Mmf and how it’s forces to move flux
Could you talk about grid stability, rotor angle vs rotating magnetic field angle, synchronous generator vs induction generator please! Thank-you!
Sir, really feels learning something different. Thank u for explaining in in a simple way.
Thank you 😊 do share and subscribe 😇
I clearly understood but I would like to know in which condition shunt reactor would add in our line and will it consume or deliver back the reactive power.
Great explanation
What an explanation sir ji 🙇🏻❤️
Your video is just awasome sir........♥️♥️
Hello sir..!!! My question is not related to this video but I m very much confused in Merz Price protection and percentage differential protection, I know the basic principles but hard to understand what is difference between two....As in where we use Merz protection and where we use differential protection.
Pls help me out.
Nice explanation !
Is it good to compensate reactive power from synchronous generator? Is it economically good to compensate reactive power of power system from synchronous generators only or by using the capacitor banks?
In other words we can say that negative sign in KVAR indicates that capacitor is delivering lagging reactive power.
Great explanation sir
There are still quite a few mechanical relays used in generation and distribution infrastructure, in North America.
The world's best teacher thanks
Best explanation ever 🎉
Thank you 😊 do share and subscribe
Great video, well made and very clear. What type of power outlet is that at 2:05? Looks like either a type D, M, or O, but what are those two extra holes at the bottom of each outlet for? Metering?
Hi Jonathan Sera !
Thanks for the compliment 😇
The extra two holes at the bottom are Phase and Neutral only. That’s a alternative socket provided in case if the plug 🔌 is not getting fitted in the first two holes.
Very informative and well explained !!
glad it was helpful
If time allows then Please make a video about LC oscillator , under damped oscillator & over damped oscillator.
@Gaurav J - TheElectricalGuy
thank you for your detailed explanation but Some people called this wasted energy (reactive power), but based on your explanation, it seems to be useful energy. please clarify
Sir plzzz make videos becoz u r best teacher for electrical so plzz more nd more videos sir plzzz plzz make on the topic of generator motor transformer
Really nice video as most of them :). Regarding 8:45 - 9:30 when talking about "where the reactive power goes": considering a 50Hz grid I understand that the reactive won't be able to go "that far", right? Because the voltage back and forth and the speed of electrons won't let it travel too far away.
True that!
@@GauravJ when we say lagging vars absorbed by the load in the other words we say leading vars supplied by load how we say leading vars supplied by load ?
@@GauravJ sir say true if in the transmission conductor through which active power and reactive power flow together in either opposite or same direction at same time, sir pls reply?
I want to ask why we don't have phase current display on the generator when a Turbine is on Part load Operation, but Will show when it on Grid Operation
Sir please tell me overall effects of reactive power in a system
Sir...Your graphics are too clam and cool to understand and make perfect image of system..
Thankyou...
New subscriber (new student)
Thanks and welcome 🤗 do share my channel with your friends
@@GauravJ sure
Thank you very much for this. I just don't understand how can power flow in two direction on the same line, would you please explain how this happens?
Because electricity doesn’t actually flow through wire the way water does through pipes. Electricity actually flows around the wire in an electromagnetic field. What the video is explaining is the two fields are bouncing into each other disrupting the current. Like a mosh pit of electrons.
I have similar another question once fault occurs where does this huge fault current go. Please also make a video on it
Sure. I’ll try to post video on it !
and one more question what are the source of such huge current
@@GauravJ I so am learning a lot following your videos thank you so much for them. I just keep having questions.
so what will be the power factor of the system in the example you discussed? i would have said 1, but then the apparent power isn't equal to the real power and so despite the fact that the generator only supplies real power. So my guess will be that the power factor will be 91.2% since pf is real power/apparent power. Kindly let me know if I am right.
also, in the example you explained here, what if the capacitor C that generates 20KVAR of reactive power were to be damaged, what happens in that case? the system becomes short of 11KVAR of reactive power and will draw the reactive power from the Generator. if you had sized the line from the generator based on the apparent power when the capacitor worked, wouldn't that be a problem? since the new apparent power will be more. and hence the current flowing through the line will be more. I wonder if I am just thinking rubbish but I wish you can explain if I wrong.
In case of single phase supply (its having positive and negative conductors only) how the reactive power will flows back,in negative conductor or positive conductor please tell me sir!
I wana know physics behind "how two powers can flow in two different direction at same time through same line?"
It doesn't happen. The negative sign simply shows that current is leading the voltage. Reactive power is nothing but a phase shift between voltage and current. If the current leads the voltage we put a - sign to Q and if it lags the voltage we put a + sign. This is done to simplify the equations and calculations.
Do The incoming Active power and outgoing Reactive power passes through different wire?
Great explanation once again Gaurav!.
Thank you ☺️
thank you for this video. I have a little bit question. In the generator, when I want to increase the VAR, will the Watt also increased?
Increasing VAR will only increase apparent power. Active power (true power) will stay the same, but power factor will go down because P.F. is the ratio of true power to apparent power.
Very very informative discussion thanks a lot.
Do also check out my other videos 😊
@@GauravJ Yes I do thanks.
Hi Gaurav
In good books I saw that author use words like supplying leading vars ,absorbing leading vars , supplying lagging vars , absorbing lagging vars.
These words are used when synchronous motor is connected to bus bar to improve power factor.
Can you clear me meaning of these words by making video.
Thanking u in advance.
Explain power from solar plants? Reactive or capacitive effect to voltage / current relationship? Power factor?
Dear Sir, I am working in Substation project. Kindly share a Video on bus-bar, line and transformers protection.
I have a doubt,,
In your previous video you said ,when power flows load to source we call it reactive power..then how it could be reactive power consumed by inductor as it's flowing source to load ..
Plz sir reply 🙏
PS, your 12 KVAR motor also rated at 12 Kwatt is running at unity, very unusual unless it is a synchronous motor?
Is it sure that the kvar generated at the load will be totally ( absorbed) balanced by the transformers, motors and relays connected in lines.
Is it possible that kvar generated is 11kvar and kvar absorbed by transformers=4 kvar
,Motors =2 kvar and miscellaneous (relays, lins inductance) = 2 kvar
Then what will happen to remaining 4 kvar
(If There is no more inductive loads in line except the above mentioned)
Superb
sir if we consider a pure resistive load on the entire power system, that means no reactive power is delivered back to the source in that case what happens to the connected transformers, motors how it will create magnetic field.
Thanks for the video. One question: Which power or powers does the electric company charge customers for? Do they charge us for true power or apparent power?
The charges are for active power consumption.
@@GauravJ Many thanks!
Guys, look here! The capacitor does not just send power to the system, and the inductor does not just take power from the system.
Imagine that you have an empty capacitor and you plug it into the ac voltage source. In the first miliseconds, when the voltage is positive for a capacitor, the capacitor will take the energy from the system. But then when the voltage drops below the capacitor's voltage level (alternative source changes its direction), the capacitor will give the energy back to the system. And this will go on.
The situation is true for the inductor too. It does not just take energy from the system. But when they are used together, they do the transaction with each other, not with the system. As a result, the transmission lines that transport energy from the system to the source and from the source to the system will be free of unnecessary power transmissions.
Ss that's true becoz both have +ve and -ve power cycles
Sir Can you please make a video on complex power
Sir,Please correct me if I'm wrong(probably), so if I have more capacitive load and my neighbor has more inductive load, so extra reactive power produced my me will be consumed by the inductive load of my neighbor, in turn improving the power factor for both of us?? Is this analogy any good?
love you bro
Is there any relation between reactive power and Harmonics?
How capacitor generate reactive power and inductor absorb reactive power ???? Explain
No reactive power is generated or consumed by these components. That's wrong/misleading choice of words. Reactive power is just present in a network, and its' mathematical sign ( for example in equation S=P+jQ) indicates character of loading, wether is inductive (+Q) or capacitive(-Q)
The Watts (instantaneous product of current and voltage) associated with the reactive power of either of these circuit elements, adds up to zero over an entire cycle. The power isn't really going anywhere, it is being stored in the components and released later. Inductors store power 1/4 of a cycle after the voltage waveform and release it 3/4 of a cycle after the voltage waveform. Capacitors do the opposite, storing power power 3/4 of a cycle after the voltage waveform, and releasing power 1/4 of a cycle after the next cycle of the voltage waveform. In the steady state, it appears as if the capacitor does the negative of what the inductor does, which is why we assign a negative sign to the capacitor's reactive power.
It's a really good video, just some information lacking on reactive power. All these types of videos explains what reactive power is and how to calculate etc. But like your comment of the reactive power flows to the distribution system, how does it flow? what does it look like? And your comment of the active and reactive power flow in opposite directions, again how does it flow and what does it look like?
Is there a reason why videos don't explain this? Just feel like if this information is made available it will really cover the whole extent of reactive and active power. Nevertheless, good video sir.
Well the question is like, ‘if current is there then how does it look like?’ You can only imagine current (you can also feel it 😁) but you cannot show it, right? In the same way, commenting on how does reactive power look like would be difficult (however, you can have waveform for that), because no one has seen it!
@@GauravJ Thank you for your response. Yes I fully understand that it can not be seen and can only imagine it. I think the best way to visually display waveforms is having a test setup by using these power measurement devices that show the voltage and current waveforms and by switching different loads to see the displacement power factor and see how the waveforms react and based on these waveforms determine the active and reactive power measurements. Also really interesting how harmonics of non-linear devices effect these waveforms and power factor.
Exactly!
@@GauravJ nice reply sir
Good
Nice
Why would generation stations run generators for power factor correction. Instead of generating power they pull load from the supply lines?
great
Sir which application your are using to creat such content.??
Your students want to know.
Sir in this example capacitive load is more than inductive load but sir what will happen if inductive load is greater than capacitive load
भाई आपके हमारे ज्यादा से ज्यादा सब्सक्राइबर हिंदी लोग है आप आपने वीडियो में हिंदी का भी प्रयोग करे तो कुछ उन्हें भी समाज आये उससे आपका वीडियो शेयर करने में झिझक नही होगी और आपके सब्सक्राइबर भी बढ़ जाएंगे 😇👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻बाकी आपके वीडियो बहुत अछे है और समझने में आसान होते है keep it up bro…
So in the case the net reactive power is positive, what kind of energy this power then transform?
Yes I have the same question , I think it's used in the non linear device. The power which created by the back EMF are fed to the line as negative reactive power, waiting to use by other devices. And I have a little suspicion that negative reactive power is consumed by the line resistance also .
Sir if there is no capacitive load and there is only inductive load so there will be no supplying of reactive power to source there will be only reactive power consuming then what will be the condition of alternator and grid sir?
Conventional generators are also capable of either consuming reactive power or supplying reactive power. So, I cannot imagine grid without Reactive power.
May I know why have added 12kvar(M) in to the active power consumption?
Motor consumes both active and reactive power. In our example motor is consuming 12kW active power and 12kVAR reactive power as well.
How use capacitor in single phase motor
Sir as inductor and capacitor both are consumes the reactive power. Means at some instant they store power and at some instant they release power. That is at sometime their power is positive and at sometime their power is negative. Then why are u take reactive power of inductor as positive and that of capacitor as negative?? Can we take positive reactive power for both element that is for capacitor as well as for inductor??
They’re 180 degrees apart therefore one is positive and the other is negative.
Sir please explain why...
If 2 different phases meet then it short circuit. But how can a 3 different phases tied to neutral point in star connection can't get short circuited?
The three phases have already gone through their loads so voltage drop has occurred and are at 0v. If three conductors are at 0v then we can put together and create a neutral.
Sir i think the wattmeter give the reading p=Vr×Ir×cos(phy)
Will motor run in this case? Because we are supplying more reactive power than what it actually consuming! In such case power factor maintained by motor would be unity.
Is there any cause damage when reactie power goes to sysyem back?
No. As I explained, this power is utilized by few devices which are connected to the same distribution network. So, there is no damage.
Sir, my question is
What we assume the maximum reactive power goes back to system? And as you said motor, transformer assumed reactive power , what if maximum reactive power goes back and is there any source to use reactive power?
@@GauravJ then why factories are charged for extra tax because of inductive loads if it does not make any harm to distribution network
Hi. Why utility charge more for maintaining poor power factor, this i have explained in my power factor series. You can check out that playlist for the answer.
Sir is our domestic digital meter read reactive power?
No. We need VAR meter to read that
Sir, Which video editor you use to edit veedios? ☺️
iMovie
Isn't reactive power the magnetic portion of the circuit? Doesn't it it just swing back and forth from source and load? At least for the inductive part of reactance?
Yes it swings back and forth without doing any useful work.
@@GauravJ thank you so much. I wasn't 100% sure.
To complete the thought on why one should not connect a capacitor to a circuit, the capacitor will likely explode instantly
If the capacitor has proper voltage ratings it will not explode
@@shakirmavoor yes, good point!
What if we have net remaining reactive power
Could you please tell me Sir, what is In Phase & Out of Phase? I just don't get it.
If the zero crossing and peak values of voltage and current happen at the same instant of time they are in phase else out of phase
The general equation of a sign wave is:
y = A*sin(B*t + C) + D
A is the amplitude
B is the radian frequency. You may also see it labeled with the Greek letter lowercase omega.
C is the phase offset
D is the vertical offset (or DC offset in the case of electrical voltage waveforms)
The C-term is the phase offset. It might also be labeled with the Greek letter phi, since the etymological root to the word phase starts with phi in Greek.
When the C-terms of two waveforms of interest are equal to each other, the waveforms are in-phase. When the C-terms are not equal, they are out of phase. C-terms that are 180 degrees apart (or pi-radians) are exactly opposite in phase.
Explana about resonance
Resonance in general is what happens when a wave causes an oscillating component to also oscillate, due to the wave having a frequency that matches the natural oscillation frequency of an oscillating component.
In electrical circuits, resonance is a property between a capacitor and inductor, relating to an electrical oscillation between the two components. There is a special frequency at which the inductor and capacitor will exchange a waveform back and forth to each other, such that the capacitor discharge and the inductor's "inertia" will produce this frequency together. The capacitor discharges, and the inductor stores the energy in its magnetic field. The inductor discharges its magnetic field, and the capacitor charges in the opposite direction. This happens at a frequency equal to 1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C)).
When a waveform is applied at the resonant frequency, a parallel combination of an ideal inductor and ideal capacitor will have infinite impedance and act as an open circuit. A series combination of an ideal inductor and ideal capacitor will have zero impedance and act as a short circuit.
sir, is net reactive power power always negative?
Yes. Check out my video on active reactive and apparent power.
Do DC motors have reactive power?
No. Reactive power comes into picture only in case of AC circuits.
Gaurav J - TheElectricalGuy thank you! Even if the open circuit voltage in the DC motor is an AC sine wave?
How can it flow back to the system when the current is only oscillating back and forth?
Compare it to how sound propagates through air. The sound travels from the source to your ear, but the molecules of the air are just oscillating back and forth. Or compare it to dominoes falling. The individual dominoes are not moving very far (they just fall where they are) but the point where the dominoes are falling is travelling as far as there are dominoes.
You said that reactive power goes to system but the reactive power coming to distribution these two powers will not merge say sir
Gaurav,
I have difficulty in accepting your explanation. Reactive 'power', as I see it is the loss of power due to the physical characteristics of the electrical components.
The simple vector diagram of a reactive load with current and voltage out of phase with the loss being the span between the out of phase angle, ie the product of voltage and current as the possible against actual.
As current lag increases relative voltage decrease and hence power diminishes.
Introduction of capacitive reactance, while not a useful device in itself, affects, in a positive way the power factor and hence improves efficiency. Or rather reduces the extra current required if that capacitive effect was not present.
I fundamentally disagree that reactive power produces the magnetic effect, current is required for that effect, and the magnetising current for such as transformers and motors is real power and diminishes rapidy as the magnetising effect of the secondary winding or the motor rotor takes over.
Reactive power to me is measurable but it is phantom, simply a mathematical figure with no effect per se?
No I think the back EMF produced by the inductive loads are the reason for reactive power , it can be consumed by other devices.
Hello Kalum,
I don't think that we can agree on this, I view reactive power as simply a measurment of the difference between real and apparent power. It is valuable for a power system operator to know the VAR value.
I worked for the U.K. Central Electricity Generating Board many years ago and remember some one telling me that over exiting the generator improves power factor, whether this is accurate I don't know but I've not seen that written down anywhere?
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