Mao Asada vs Adelina Sotnikova - Sochi Olympics is a Scam
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 ก.ย. 2024
- Why were all of Mao's UR's and edge violations called but the same judges and technical panel FAILED to detect ANY of Adelina's errors?
ISU is a scam and Sochi was a mugging by the RSF.
Kim Yuna, Mao Asada, Carolina Kostner, Gracie Gold and all other women figure skaters have all been ROBBED at SoCHEAT 2014 olympics🤬🤬
Mao not
SOCHEAT💀
@@fnb8171 mao especially, no reason her goes should be so low on her clean elements and no reason she shouldn’t be in the 9s in all her pcs
I like Sotnikova but the Olympics destroyed her career
so they clearly know what under-rotation and wrong edges are and they precisely give all penalties to mao, yet, they refuse to see adelina's even clearer poor skills?
singingpinkclover this is what always pissed me off! Russians are almost never penalized for these!
In comparison to Adelina, the judges had always hated Mao in terms of GOE and would kill her whenever possible. Of course, this is how the rules are supposed to work(though I feel like starting around 2010 the judges started really hating Mao) but it’s so frustrating when a great skater with good technique(on some skills) gets hammered for UR whole another does not. Also, wth are these PCS, forget Adelina for a moment. The judges never lowballed Kim these games (just inflated the living lights out of Adelina), why is Mao’s PCS under 70? Since they’re consistent with the rest of the season that’s crushingly disappointing bc even if she skated cleanly she would probably have ended up no more than 3rd despite having the hardest program, jeez.
Ersatz Productions I agree but yuna (and Carolina and Gracie) was underscored heavily in the TES (69.69 with a clean skate while mao’s great but flawed program had 73.03) and in the PCS (she was barely breaking 9.0 in a lot of them). Also, from what I’ve seen the rule for mao was “never score correctly” and for yuna it was “if she is perfect slightly underscore her and if she is flawed destroy her pcs”
@@ersatzproductions753 Bring your evidence analyzing just like Koola King did. What a jerk.
@luvl1344 program component and execution are very different. i could easily make myself an olympic worthy program, but can I actually execute it well enough to meet the scores? anyone can make a program with high base value
I don't understand Yuna's FS score was lower than Adelina's, but also don't understand Mao's FS score was lower than Adelina's. Yuna and Mao's FS scores shoud have been higher than Adelina's.
I agree! Yuna and Mao totally robbed in Sochi!
@mish098aimer To be honest, Mao's performance is in top 3 adelina should not get to top 10
and also karolina
Sotnikova should be in the last place hahah
Most of the people are normal here. Uff. Just suppurt your favorite sportsgirl and don't forget others. All the girls were great. But Adelina had more difficult program, sorry. Mao is in different topic, she is really great and would like she would be praiced.
WTF lmao how tf did Sotnikova's step sequence score higher than Mao's...which to this day is an iconic step sequence that people still remember and rewatch?
I am so happy you compared Mao and Adelina. What pisses me off till this day is the fact that Adelina's PCS and GOEs were so overscored. The corruption is too much.
RMi 04 like Slutzkay and Sara in 2002
+1
Adelina's step sequence was given a level 2 for the same routine in a different competition, her short was about 15 points higher than the one at the 2013 Worlds (she didn't make any major mistakes) and more than 30 points higher in the free. Tell me that's not dodgy scoring
Can't stop looking at Asada, she just looks so elegant. Sotnikova's choreo wouldn't even stand a chance against Asada's if the judges weren't biased.
I think that Mao is a good artist, better than Adelina. And same with the skating skills. It is so confusing why Adelina won, she should have not won. We just love a rigged competition! :(
Everyone is better than Adelina and still she gets the score she doesn't deserves.
I cried during that Rachmaninoff program of Mao.. My most favorite program of hers.
Keep crying )) Sotnikova is a true winner😉
Fun fact: ALMOST every time Mao and Yuna took part in an international competition together, one of them won. The only woman that was able to beat them both was Miki Ando and she did that in 2007 and 2011 Worlds (I didn't count 2014 Olympics because we all know Yuna won the SP and overall and Mao won FP so byyye).
RVSone oh not the FP Mao. She had flutz and UR jumps and thus the lower score than Yuna. Furthermore, her camel spin was wrong too
Eumir Valverde yuna's free program was perfect, flawless. But mao's axel jump was not perfect and flutz etc.. including spin error
@@doolyking5786 How is her camel spin wrong?
Eumir Valverde So tell me logically what the several errors from Yuna.
@@doolyking5786 no even with those minor errors she should've won the fp, she have more base value even if yuna was clean, also mao's spins are way better, yuna cant even get level 4 on her layback
Mao’s step sequence took my breath away. It was so amazing.
Comparing the 2 skaters side by side you can see the difference. How Sotnikova scored higher component scores I will never understand. Her choreography was so jerky and ugly.
Poor Mao. I feel sad for her. I mean her few mistakes were obvious and called, that's fine but how was she so underscored I other well performed elements? ISU corruption knows no limits. This was so illustrating. I learn more and more thanks to you, Koola!!!
Mao step sequence is everything😭❤
Mao Asada is queen of the step sequence! 👏🏼👌🏼
@@whitecat3923 hahaha
@@fnb8171 😁
@@whitecat3923 😂😂😂😂🐵🐵🐵
No
Dude, that step sequence comparison made my jaw drop. Mao's step sequences are magical as is, but the differences were drastic.
If you don't know anything about figure skating, just look at the time they spend on their step sequences. They can't be in the same level.
Mao and Yuna deserve better #ripISU
No doubts!! #ripISU
Love the triple flutz toe axel and level 2 junior step sequence replacements, fits a lot better
even if Mao was skating in an earlier group, she should've scored much higher in components. Poor Adelina, Russia was so desperate to have a medal, and since Lipnitskaya botched her short, they had to boost her up even if it was quite obvious that she just wasn't that good.
Mao should've won the LP. THAT was yhe performance of the night. Best footwork sequence EVER!
Sochi honestly killed figure skating. Sotnikova's win was a joke and since then the sport has also been a joke.
에휴..마오도 그래서 엣지 고치려고 얼마나 노력했는데...isu는 규정과 마오의 노력을 한낱 휴지조각으로 생각하네 ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ
Mao is also another victim and her great skating dirtied by ISU's corruption and tricks. Thank you for doing this side by side comparison. Adelina deserves none of the +2s and +3s.
Dw. Adelina is irrelevant af and hated now. Mao and Yuna stay winning.
XVI Maybe that Adelina is hated, I don't know by how many people, but she does not deserve any hatred at all because she didn't give herself the scores.
Yes true but the way she flaunts her thoroughly undeserved medal, acting like a celebrity and skating worse than amateurs... Unsightly indeed. She wouldn't have gotten so much hate if she didn't act like her medal was her hard work and talent alone.
Mijin Kim Exactly, besides her poor behavior in those Olympics was a shame. She should know she does not deserve that medal!
It's awfull how crazy fans hate adelina while it is not her fault that judges gave the gold to her
secret I don't hate her for the judges, I dislike her FOR HER ACTITUD, before, during and after those olympics. In that press conference arrgg my blood boils with the memories of that day...then acting like she was the rightful winner when she knows she wasn't, I dindt care much for the hug to that judge (even if it was stupid) but the way she behave, then after the Olympics saying "I'm going for ALL the golds" and then what? Pretending to be injured just so she can be in a dance show in Russia, then being in one competicion, "winning" a bronze that she didn't win but again the judges gave it to her even after a bad performance and then "injury" again and more dance shows. Forget about the medals, she was a coward because she knew she was not the champion but instead of fighting to be better and prove the world she could have been a good champion she ran and hide in shows where she has been treated like a goodess. If she had another actitud I would not have dislike her, but it was for all the things that she did that I can't stand her, not brcause of the dumb judges.
Putin's Olympic gold medal...
Sam Henderson О_о
@@nickoreshin3002 you are delusional and simply not looking with your own eyes!!
@@nickoreshin3002 and who exactly is your student up against in Israel? Rich kids doing triple toes and triple salchows? If you are not even willing or able to see what kind of scandals were going on in Sochi then the only joke here is you!
And now everybody can see that you are a supporter of the corrupt ISU and all the screwed up stuff that went on in Sochi. And you've exposed your student's name for everybody!
@@nickoreshin3002 I think you're full of shit!!
This was Mao's best every program in my opinion. What a shame and a sham.
Same...
They dared to give Mao a 0 for every 3 of Adelina. Also, they are telling us that Adelina's stsq was better that Mao's?!
WTF that's ABSOLUTE BS!!!!
What a shame!..
Oh my how it shame! Adelina sotnikova didn’t deserve even bronze! Mao Asada has few of problems but she deserved bronze if she didn’t do short like that.I’m really angry when I see goe. That makes a sense?
I think the way they all skated that night, Adelina deserved bronze.
@@colormyworld249 Adelina did not even deserve the bronze. She must have been under 5th place.
@@Jayrueine I think that's ridiculous now and extremely biased. She did deserve her bronze, and while she flutzed, her other jumps were massive and her spins were nice.
@@colormyworld249 Sotnitkova should have been about 69-70 in the short which puts her about 14 points over Mao. Mao should have been atleast that over Sotnikova in the long. Sotnikova should have been around 139 and Mao up near 155. I think there is a very good shot Asada just nips Sotnitkova for the bronze with proper scoring. Or possibly Gracie Gold as well.
3:47 Holy shit Asada Mao's spin here, she floats like a butterfly
Sochi, but it’s not rigged:
1. Yuna Kim
2. Carolina Kostner
3. Gracie Gold
4. Mao Asada
5. Adelina Sotnikova
6. Yulia Lipnitskaia
JJ Westy Tbh mao might’ve actually deserved the bronze. Her sp was a flop but if she received the PCS and GOE I think she should’ve then she’d be around 146-150 which combined with her short program could have her barely ahead of Gracie
I think if Gracie performed like in the team event, she would’ve won bronze over Carolina..
Joao campelo I mean I haven't seen her individuals free skate but I know the score was 7 points higher than the team but I also know team event was clearly underscored
I love gymnastics 1234 Gracie has the technique and skating and artistry. And plus, she doesn’t look like a Juvenile when she skates...ADELINA.
Gold- Yuna Kim
Silver- Carolina Kosnter
Bronze- Gracie Gold
10th place- Adelina Soknikova
10.Adelina Sotnikova
No way in hell Adelina's PCS beat out Mao's.
Mao should have won the Free Skate if not on TES then at least on PCS. There, I said it.
It's crazy to know that if the judges had done Mao as many favours as they did to Sotnikova, Mao might have even won a silver, butchered SP and all.
Estefanía Izaguirre True :o
Mao should have won the freeskate by a lot in both tech and PCS because the ur calls were rigged just as her GOE and PCS scores were heavily deflated especially since she had the greatest rink coverage with intricate transitions indicating the greatest speed and best skating skills which heat maps clearly show. If I pattern of delusion is observed it must be followed to its logical conclusion which means the pattern is to manipulate all scoring criteria.
What a shame, it's disgusting how adelina's technical mistakes were completely ignored. I am still wondering how in this world did adelina won, not only Yuna and Mao but every other skaters did way better than her that day... Did they think it wouldn't be that obvious? Honestly 🤦🏻♀️
It makes me feel ashamed for that judges, for ISU....
Mao deserved better :( her choreography is much more complex than Adelina's one
Feel bad for Mao! The injustice is indescribable!
No news really ( in the best way ). Mao's footwork sequence is light yrs. away from Cheatsnikova. But thx for the explanation.
This make me so angry, i know Mao's SP was a disaster but this was sooo good, Adelina didn't deserved the gold, and Mao deserved better
5:03 This chart will never cease to completely shock me. It is just absolutely WILD that they thought this would go unnoticed. Literally all of the skaters at that arena had to have known. They had competed with Adelina in the same competitions all throughout the season. The fact that her scores just SKYROCKETED for a single event??? Just... insane. Absolutely insane.
Mao Asada is undeniably beautiful and very skilled in skating. always brings breathtaking performance. she should have won the competition. but racist judges wouldnot allow her to win.
I would love to see one comparing Adelina to Caro Kostner as well!
lmao Sotnikova got a higher GOE than Mao on the step sequence now that's hilarious
스텝 시퀀스 가점이 더 높은건 진짜 코미디다 ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ
Step Sequence GOE.... Mao 1.7 but Adelina 1.8??????????? Comady lol
The level 4 vs level 2 junior plsss 💀 her routine was just a waffly routine vs pure artistry by mao
Koola, this is probably my favourite video of yours. I know that you're a huge fan of Kim Yuna, and it's hard for a lot of people to take you seriously coz you only compare them to Kim. I think you'll build your credibility more with videos like these!
I love your vids, and I hope you continue to make them.
yes I agree, too! Please make another comparison video of Kostner or Gold with Sotnikova in Sochi!
Mao's 3F-2Lo-2Lo is majestic❤️❤️❤️
In my personal opinion, Mao is the one who don’t need to be scored I know she had struggled her lutz or some technical qualities of jumps (mostly until 2011)but she always give me pure joy that way beyond field of sports yet she had never gave up 3A when was the time nobody even attempt constantly. And showing her unique artistic world that were incomparable to any skaters at this point for me. Just like she takes ppl who know what is art a dream. Love you Mao. Im not really happy to clam the judges had been hash on her because she always had tried HER best not for only win even she face to hardships many time so let’s just appreciate priceless treasures she gave us
this made me more mad about mao's pcs at sochi 💀
MAO LITERALLY GETS NO HELP ON THE GOE
MAO'S GOE ON THE STEP SEQUENCE IS LESS THAN ADELINA'S GOE 🤡
Can you do a side by side of Adelina and Gracie I thought that Gracie should’ve made the podium over Adelina.
wig. Adelina Flutznikova had nothing on Mao's free skate
ISU is so corrupt it makes me sick
Wasn’t mao’s 3t only missing 1/4 rotations? Isn’t that allowed?
@@jakedinh2486 but isn't it still underrotation??
Sua K. Well according to the rules people say it’s considered as a triple jump
The skaters are allowed a 1/4 turn leeway. Anything more I believe is considered an UR.
Lol Mao's Triple Axel dances around Adelina's whole career in circles
Please do, Carolina vs Adelina and Gracie vs Adelina too. And a video about Shoma Uno's jumps and violations. So people can see that you just don't hate on Russians. It will increase your credibility.
So disgusting!! There is like no hope now that Russia is lobbying for Trusova as the next best thing.
Mao's goes and pcs physically hurt me 😣
스텝점수 마오보다 솥뚜껑이 더 높음. ㅋㅋㅋㅋ 진짜 코메디네. 소트니코바의 저 덜컹 거리는 스텝이 마오보다 낫다고??? 말도 안됨
근데마오도 스텝이 그렇게 좋은편은아니라능
@@fnb8171 아 여기도 계시네 ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ
Rip ISU, Sochi 2014 has been being the nightmare
I haven't skated that long and I'm pretty sure any amateur skater can skate with a lot more finesse in that step sequence.
*International* (?) Skating Union
more like intentional skating union
Known as International (but actually) Russian Skating Union
The PSC is a joke!!!
Adelina as 3 jump takeoffs instead of 6.
3F, 3Lz(e), 3Lo = all the same, Lo entry
3T, 3S = identical as well, forward entry
2A = but it takes off backwards
I just love ending touch of this clip! It had me dying and rolling on the floor.
RIP ISU! 😂😂
Watching this comparison, I became incredibly sad and ashamed for the corrupted judges in Sochi!..😔
PS: I'm Russian....
Sotnikova said, "I don't feel like I beat Mao," and "Mao's free program is the best performance ever, and I can't give such a great performance."
ソトニコワは「真央に勝ったつもりはない」「このフリーは史上最高のパフォーマンスだし、私にはあんな素晴らしい演技はできない」と言っていたｗ きむﾀｿ…
これ日本語字幕いらんだろｗｗｗ日本はこのどうでもいい争いに日本巻き込まんでｗｗｗｗｗ
Adelina ruined figure skating. She shoul've had to admmit that she didn't deserve Gold. Nobody would remember her as a olympic gold medalist ever. That night must've caught herself off !!! Why? She knew that she didn't deserve it! We all are witnesses of most controversial gold medal in Olympic history.
Absolutely true!! 👏🏼👍🏼
One thing that the corrupt judging and tech crews rely on is tricking people through the principle of inversion not only in PCS but also allegedly objective tech calls. For some reason, people are more willing to be hoodwinked by judges if they base their deception on contradicting physical reality. In this way, people halfway fall for a full-blown farce. In other words, skaters who deserve tech calls like under rotations have them overlooked while those who have jumps rotated are given ur calls. For example in this performance, Mao's triple loop and triple toe ur are more rotated than others in the competition who had their backend ur jumps overlooked. This is consistent with Mao having a lower PCS score compared to others even though Mao had the greatest rink coverage with a lot of transitions indicating great speed as demonstrated by heat maps.
until now I still don't know how she won :/
Same....Sotnikova should give her stolen gold back!
What the fxxk, Mao pcs just got 69???
siendo muy sincera Mao Asada fue superior en el programa largo ante todas las chicas .Si no fuese por ese triple Axel del corto estariamos hablando de otra ganadora y no Adelina.
Only 0.10 difference in the step sequence huh lol im shook. Even in those spins sotnikova has 3’s all over while mao’s is full of 1~2 which I really can’t understand
Mao ❤
Thank you Koola King for a magnificent video that shows to anybody who can think clearly, that the ISU skating organization Is hopelessly, spectacularly corrupt....I just wanted to add that we, the fans wishing that Legendary performances like Mao Asada In the Long Program, And Kostner, and Yuna's great Short and Long programs at Sochi would have gotten the Judging Credit that their performances deserved....Now we are wondering that if we will ever see Figure Skaters worthy of the moniker, "Spectacular" And "Legendary" like Mao Asada, Carolina Kostner, and Kim Yuna ever grace us with their talent ever again with the sad pathetic state Figure Skating has become....Thank You again Koola King I am a subscriber who appreciates what you do to shine a light on the corruption In the Figure Skating world, Thank You.
This is SO embarrassing for the I still can't believe this happened
Forget the TES and jumps for a minute… how did she beat Mao in SKATING SKILLS?!!
I can't believe this video is more than three years old and the ISU is only getting worse!
RSU in a nutshell
Mao underscore!
Poor Mao. Poor Yulia. :') I watched this twice. I'll try to watch it again btw, because I love it (and I waiting for 3 years for this videos, lol). Adelina's coreograph such a shame.... I still wonder why Sochi should cheating in 2014 Winter Olympic. If we compare Adelina with Yulia, I think Yulia's coreo still better than Adelina too. Shame on Sochi. Sigh.... I still can't accept this.
What those judges did was RUDE
Those score are Fake af! Choreo and Interpretation above Mao, really judges? We all know Mao's program are beautiful and her emotion is on point, elegant. And now you did my KING dirty, shame on you ISU!
It's not a sport if only one person has a chance to win...
It's not a sport if the judges are corrupted.
@@simpletruth5927 Absolutely true!
Вот русские оправдывают свою девочку тем, что у неё база была выше, на один тройной больше чем у кореянки. А здесь что? Мао и триксель сделала, и каскад 3-3 флип-риттбергер, в общей сложности у нее было 8 тройных в произвольной, на один больше чем у Аделины, для особо одарённых! Все вращения и дорожку шагов на четвертый уровень, связки, мастерство катания, хореография, композиция, performance - всё было на высочайшем уровне, но отстала от Аделины на семь балла! По компонентам даже 70 не получила, в то время как Аделина получила под 75... Как это понять?! Ёна - двукратная Олимпийская чемпионка!
Adelina's jumps look like a turkey flopping around on the ice. Just not graceful or stable at all.
to be completely honest, I would have not so much of a problem if Yulia won (if a russian has to, and they wanted to steal Yuna and Mao) but Adelina? that program is too childish, Yulia was younger and skated so much better, why she bump her sp sighs
also I cant believe that two foot landing got so little GOE, thats what some skaters get for wrong edge, or shacky landing
NicoleGZ i have a huge feeling that yulia might have been given the gold if rigged but i heard she fell so they gave it adelina instead.
Adelina may not have deserved gold but she is much better than Yulia. they both flutz but Adeline jumps were high and good flow Yulia jumps worse than Evgenia....
I know, Yulia's jumps were tiny, that technique wouldnt work in the future, she was muscling her way to jump
but...jumps arent everything, Yulia surpass Adelina in the rest, even her program had more structure, Adelina won cause Yulia bump, just look at her scores through the season, a level 4 StSq out of nowhere?
NicoleGZ actually if you look at the footwork, Adelina also has much better skating skills than Yulia. more speed, skating on edges, more flow. Yulia skated on flat edge. most of the time. the only thing Yulia did better was spin speed and position, but she also travelled more than Adelina. Yulia had the better program, but thats it. if both are clean, Adelina is better than her. Adelina deserved bronze here, and even if Yulia were clean, she wouldn't. she was cute and swindlers list was beautiful, but her actual skills weren't great. she was by far the worst of eteris skaters. Yulia winning would be a bigger scandal, skills wise
angeliqueinhollywood That has nothing to do with anything. Yulia was only more consistent. Tsurskaya has the best technique but wasn't even selected for olympics because she was inconsistent.
제 개인적인 생각으론 아사다마오 선수가 정말 억울했을것 같아요.
주니어때부터 김연아 선수와 경쟁했었고, 일본의 피겨 유망주로 자라면서 언론에서 김연아와 라이벌구도도 계속 만들어서 심적 부담도 있었을텐데, 여왕과 경쟁하던 사람이 고작 햇병아리 수준의 선수에게 순위가 밀렸다고 생각하면 정말 기분이 나빴을것 같네요.
김연아 선수는 차원이 다른, 급이 다른 선수라 어떤 선수을 비교해도 완벽한 기술과 표현이긴한데 어떻게 저런 선수를 갖다붙였을까..
마오 선수는 정확히 평가하고 김연아선수에겐 심지어 점수를 덜주면서까지 소트니코바 선수에게 점수를 퍼준건 정말 '러시아가 조작한 것이다, ISU는 끝났다'는 것을 잘 보여주는 것 같네요.
Who was the Technical Caller at this event? That should answer things.
Wow...this is really depressing...Sochi was a mess 😧
아니 마오가 훨씬 낫지 왜 저런거랑 비교하세요..
Mao didn’t fallen but only 70 PCS 🤬 Mao’s BV higher than any ladies single figure skaters despite Sasha Lakernik called her edge violation (3Lz), her 3F were not too good but at least still better than Adelina, underrotated 3T or 3Lo combination jump and got negative GOE by judges but her Step + Choreo sequence was so amazing and she is also the only girl who attempt 3A but her TES lower than Adelina with more awful jump: 3Lz (e) + 3T< (looks like 2A), pre rotate both of her 3F, boring choreo + step sequence, her Rondo music choice is much terrible than Yuzuru (real 2014 + 2018 Olympic champions and chose 100% piano ver) or Takahito (who was also use violin ver), awful 2Lo combo jump but Alexander Lakernik (Technical controller) didn’t call !,
Now looking back at everyone's performance, Adelina shouldn't even be on the podium, getting bronze would already be very generous. I don't see this as completely her fault, but the way she acted like she rightfully earned the gold medal was sad, you can see she's still in denial, because she deletes all comments on her insta saying she cheated her way to the gold and limits the number of comments
Seeing them next to each other is actually embarrassing for Sotnikova 😿 disgrace. Well now Russians can’t compete, so at least we won’t see as much cheating.
Lmao I actual love this video. Im so glad you compared Mao and Adelina
Mao😭😭😭😭
가지 마오 가지 마오
예예 예예 ㅋ
5:03 LOL fuvking crazy
Mao was amazing on this. Home advantage was too obvious for russian skater
I love this Mao's program. Watching these routines Side by side makes Mao's skating skills a masterclass compare to Adelina's lack luster program. While technically it's not perfect there isnt any major issues sure there's edge and under rotation but no doubt its one of the memorable program in the competition. Her skating skills and choreography alone speaks for itself. A love Yuna but Mao's program has a little bit edge and again more memorable.
I was waiting for Mao video. Can you do a 2010 Olympic video too? Yuna and Mao comparison. Pls
La Really? I didn't see it. Thanks :3
Oh my god i already watch it but i didn't remember. What is happening to me?
I just know that Lunafreya love ice skating. Lololol.😂
Shabrina Elvara What can i say you got me :d
There is the fact that making russian who claimed sotnikova deserved gold medal frustrated.
the PCS graph in the end is just brilliant XD I wonder how Sotnikova would feel seeing this
"Yall are just jealous I got the gold medal. I skated better than everyone that night can't you see
I almost got a world record?" XD
She isn't ashamed for sure....
Sotnikova robbed many skaters that night at Sochi. Ughj