Walls, Floors, & Ceilings Part 3
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 พ.ค. 2024
- This is part 3 of my Walls, Floors, & Ceilings series. In this video, I focus on observations made using Dennis’s hitbox hack ( • SM64 Janky Hitboxes ).
Prerequisites for understanding this video:
(1) Walls, Floors, & Ceilings: • Walls, Floors, & Ceilings
(2) Walls, Floors, & Ceilings Part 2: • Walls, Floors, & Ceili...
(3) Wall Hitboxes: • Wall Hitboxes
For convenience, here are timestamps for all the sections of the video:
00:00 Intro
00:38 Mario's Hitbox
01:46 Big Hitboxes
02:46 Misleading Hitboxes
05:29 Further Hitbox Observations
10:15 Simpler Geometric Shapes
11:54 Rotating Object Triangles
12:56 Falling Blocks
14:04 Further Object Triangle Observations
18:08 Mysterious Level Geometry
19:19 Misleading Level Visuals
21:38 Further Level Geometry Observations
29:39 "Walls" that aren't Walls
34:12 Walls with Both X & Z Projections
35:09 Object Walls Switching Projections
36:17 Rails
Note: If this video had to be commentated, then I wouldn’t have had the motivation to make it, and so there’d be no video at all. - เกม
i just knew "Walls, Floors, & Ceilings" would get another sequel after the second movie did so well at the box office.
Kaze Emanuar When's releasio 3.
I think we already have enough stupid comments for it
Walls, Floors and Ceilings Episode III: The Revenge of the Inaccurate Models
Sunk Simp he's working on it live on his twitch
The Principality of Sealand No it's a different hack, as kaze is pretty much finished
A fine addition to the Pannen Cinematic Universe.
Only Pannen can make a 37-minute video on walls, floors, and ceilings interesting
Mayonnaise Musician true...
More like 1 hour, 46 minutes and 51 seconds, with another 6 minutes and fifty dedicated to just wall collision.
About 10 minutes longer then the runtime of The Room.
And that's just the third part
3 of them
wait that was 37 minutes?! damn.
This is extremely useful information for modders who wanna create glitch-free SM64 hacks, or just wanna study game development in general.
But then that means there won't be BLJ exploits anymore.
There will never be a glitch-free game, unless it’s stupidly simple like pong.
I agree. On that note, I wonder if this can be applied to hacks
The only way a glitch-free SM64 hack could be made is if the entire shitty engine was rewritten from scratch.
@FlameLFH My Brother
20:40
Oh boy, can't wait for Walls, Floors, & Ceilings Part 4.
still waiting :(
Wdym?
Blox the Memer There’s Three WFC Videos. This one, WFC 2 and WFC 1. That’s why this joke existed
What’s special about that one time stamp?
@@Carlos-rf6eu "more on that in a future video"
18:35 there is a piranha plant near the elevator in the super mario galaxy 2 version of this level
Huh. That's interesting. I guess it's like how Ditto was planned to be used in Melee (he can be summoned through hacks) and people said he was supposed to turn into the character who summoned it and fight alongside them for a while, and now Ditto is in Ultimate and does that exact same thing?
I think the piranha plant replaced the whomp that was in the level, though, due to whomps being much larger enemies in galaxy 2
and there used to be a piranha plant positioned there in the sm64 beta
It's supposed to be one of the Whomps, cuz Whomps are way bigger in SMG2.
Coins and their absurdly large hitboxes yet extremely small draw distances.
Emm Bee Sea are you Justin Y’s alt
why is it that under every fucking pannen video you are a top comment?
sometimes your comments arent even funny or interesting or helpful (no offense) i just dont get it lol.
You're also top comment on every Siiva video, this is getting strange
Guys we found the new famous TH-cam commenter
the air bubble hitbox tho
18:50
As luck would have it, Mario historian Supper Mario Broth was able to prove Pannen's hypothesis the day after this video came out. As he discovered, camcorder footage of the game being played at Shoshinkai 1995 shows that there was a left-arrow sign at the exact spot the collission triangles are found in the finished game.
I just think that's the coolest thing, that two of the retro Mario fandom's biggest stars were able to come together to discover something that very few people would have ever thought about.
wow, link?
Hopefully this link does not get my comment marked as spam, but www.suppermariobroth.com/post/176837364395/top-in-his-video-walls-floors-ceilings-part
First the Smash Bros Ultimate Nintendo Direct, then this. What a great day to be alive
*[smash bros direct]*
"I sleep."
*[walls floors & ceilings pt 3]*
"REAL SHIT?"
17:00 The speedrun-killing bonk finally explained!
MythrilZenith
He explained this too in the Mystery Goomba videeo
My buddy, you don’t know the half of it
Oh boy....
I knew that damn eel's hitboxes were broken!!!
@Seth M-T Broken into exactly 7 parts.
There's some really strange stuff in there, and yet, given that I learnt most of my game programming around that era (slightly later - late 90's), a lot of it just makes sense when seen in action.
The tools for a game like Mario 64 are likely to have been quite primitive and improvised, so it's not any huge surprise that mistakes and odd behaviour creeps in sometimes...
And then there's the inherent engine limitations that likely spawn from performance considerations above all else. (the fact that the game uses cylindrical collision volumes for so much speaks to this, since that's among the simplest to calculate). Weird glitches resulting from these limitations abound, such as how the collision behaviour is directional and locked to 90 degree angles, thus leading anything at other angles to behave a little strangely...
There's also some tweaks designed to create specific behaviours, such as the wall for swimming, fences that tend to push the player in specific directions...
And of course, the basic design rule of thumb about collision detection - if you can't get it perfect, try to make sure that any mistakes works in the player's favour.
A great example of this in action is how Mario's hitbox is smaller than the character geometry, while the enemy and coin hitboxes all tend to be larger than the enemy geometry. (yes, this means you're more likely to get hit, but it also makes it much easier to jump on them, and more likely that you'll collect the coins).
Obviously, sometimes this is tweaked for gameplay reasons, such as the 1-up mushrooms and their tiny hitboxes.
All in all there's a lot of strange things going on, and yet quite a few that make perfect sense given everything I've learnt over the years about how games work on a technical level, and how you go about making a game 'feel' right, as a designer.
(as I already said, with collisions, you try to bias things in the player's favour. Besides which, even if you CAN 100% do perfect collision detection, you may find you don't want to do it anyway, since it just doesn't feel right and can still end up annoying players for various reasons... - a game is not reality, and a player's means of control and the way they interact with a game world don't line up with reality either. Though some cases, such as VR with 6-DOF controllers get a lot closer than others - though even there the control schemes still lack a lot of precision compared to doing comparable actions in real life, and thus you still find yourself fudging things in the player's favour to make them easier than they really should be...)
Thank you for the interesting info I am 20 and nervous about entering game design honestly. If I should try
thanks for the insight, it all makes a lot of sense when you explain it like that
31:07 smooth af transition.
cutscenes ftw
Indeed 😎.
Google wants to translate this to “smooth of transition”. Why.
Google wants to translate this to “smooth of transition”. Why.
Google wants to translate this to “smooth of transition”. Why.
Have you done a video on sliding mechanics? Like the butt slide, the belly slide, which surfaces induce sliding, how is the speed calculated, applied, etc? That seems like an interesting topic.
I assume surfaces need a special property to induce sliding, because Mario starts sliding on very shallow angles, like in Cool Cool Mountain, yet the staircase in the castle foyer that's actually a 45 degree ramp doesn't make him slide.
There is indeed something at least close to that, which is collision types, there is one for these very steep slopes you can walk on normally like the ones at the near the beginning of BitS, another one for somewhat slippery surfaces and a third one for surfaces that basically make you slide as long as they’re angled; also if the level’s terrain is categorized as "slide terrain" then any angle should make Mario slide no matter what.
I only can’t give any sort of explanation to the surfaces which don’t have a special collision type but are just steep enough to induce sliding, but this should at least mean that a special property is not necessarily required to induce sliding.
What's even more stupid is that the castle stairs are actually at a 46° angle, unlike the bannisters which are only at a 45° angle. Despite this, you can stand on the stairs, but slide off the bannisters.
@HiImEthan - Yep, that *IS* weird. So, obviously the steepness plays a negligible role, when compared to the type of the floor; like in BitS, you can stand on almost vertical floors, but slide off 45° floors. 🤔
I've always wondered why Mario doesn't slide off the steep floors in BiTS.
pannen is right. i went through beta footage of the game and found the sign on the slide imgur /a/PZqYSnM
How do you turn that into a working URL? I thought Imgur albums had "gallery" between the slashes and only five characters afterward, so is that supposed to be a single image, or what?
So I just looked up the video for myself, and it was a left-pointing arrow. My guess is that it was taken out because by the time you can see the sign, you can already see that the track turns left, so it's an unnecessary distraction.
Now I wish I could find beta footage of Tiny-Huge Island to see Slope X.
BagOfMagicFood
You have to add “.com” where the space is
Gives me a 404
suppermariobroth admin?
- Huh, so the electric thingies have their hit boxes BELOW their visual sprite.
- THE SHARK IS CALLED SUSHI?!
- What is the point of the 1-Up having such a small hit box?!
lol i was just thinking about sushi, weird name
also maybe the 1 up hit box is small because if it was on a ledge, people may just be able to grab on the ledge and get it, instead of walking over it
Maybe to not make it dissapear too quickly when it follows you
Coins are meant to be easily collected mostly as you walk past them, so have large hitboxes; smaller ones would be too annoying. 1UPs by contrast are rare and special and therefore need more effort to collect to make them not feel like a standard pickup.
I was flipping out just as much about the eel being called Unagi! I eat unagi when I go out for sushi. it's delicious! :-P
-It's below because of Mario's standing hitboxes height
-Yum
-When a 1-up chases you it's not supposed to suddenly disappear before it reaches Mario, it was probably an aesthetic choice
When Pannen uploads you watch
true
I find it interesting how, in the Super Mario Galaxy 2 Whomp's Fortress, there IS a piranha plant in the same spot near the elevators that you showed in the video.
18:43 thus they added a bigger piranha plant enemy near that same place in the Throwback Galaxy from SMG2.
Nice catch lol
I’m not sure if it was intentional or a typo, but piranha “planet” is such a good pun.
@@anomalocarislover7254 It wasn't intentional, but that's a nice coincidence. I'm gonna fix it.
Isn't "piranha planet" that one enemy near the end of Partners in Time
Yoooo 31:27 tho
I knew there was something weird going on there. It should have been way easier to escape with the treadmill grind jump than it was.
Someone do a full playthrough of "Collision Type 64"
It probably wouldn't be too hard.
Pannen likely did it to find all those random walls that are actually floors/ceilings, unless they had a list of them but no good way to show it.
SketchUp 64
Maybe If We Are Lucky Someone Like Hobo Bros Or Simpleflips Will Do An Eye Testing Challenge With This
one thing ive noticed a while back is that your subtitles have gotten better, which makes your videos easier to watch
Hayden the douchebag I've*
Having a vocal commentation, like he used to do, would be good.
The Cando Railfan look at the description
Jorge C. M.
Can you not.
Jorge C. M. I didn’t use the wrong “your” or “to,” so your comment is even more pointless. If I missed the apostrophe in “we’re,” that would make sense because it could be mistaken as “were,” but you correcting “Ive” to “I’ve” in a TH-cam comment is pointless and doesn’t make any sense.
And the edit wasn’t to correct grammatical mistakes, it was to clarify. I’m telling you this because........uh..............
The more I learn about this game's mechanics and inner workings, the more I believe it to be a very lucky bodge job, with the janky parts hidden just well enough for it to be professional-looking.
Well done, whoever made SM64, well freaking done. Im genuinely impressed.
I'm pretty sure most video games look bodged together if you look really close.
Game development is hard, resource intensive, and when the deadline is on the horizon (or just in general) there's no point in being a perfectionist about something that doesn't matter or won't be noticed by 99.9 percent of casual players.
And sometimes the shortcuts greatly saves on resources too.
the exception is, of course, games made by Masahiro Sakurai. in those cases, the small botches aren't intentionally covered up, they're scrubbed out of the game entirely, and if they remain in the final product, it's because they escaped his laser vision.
"Okay, class, what did you learn today?"
"That horrid eel thing is called Unagi."
... Which is "eel" in Japanese.
K. Rool is announced for Smash Ultimate.
_I sleep._
Pannenkoek uploads a +35 minute video.
*REAL SHIT??*
(In all seriousness though, I'm glad that he made it in Smash.)
I want more trailers where Dedede trolls us tbh
I'm also glad that Pannenkoek made it into Smash.
The video in question is about Walls, Floors, & Ceilings.
ASCENDED
Wait, -Pancake Man- Pannenkoek made it into Ultimate?!
Was wondering about Eyerok's collision after the previous video, but clearly there isn't much to wonder about!
I find it interesting that the developers seem to have gradually added more collision to the falling platforms as they went. I guess as they started adding them over lava and with more accessibility from underneath, it became more necessary to keep players from inadvertently clipping through them.
Wow, a 37 minute long video about walls roofs and ceilings..
*grabs popcorn*
and not a stitch of drywall in sight!
fak off *floors
15:08 wait what!?!?! You can kick and drop that thing!? How comes I never heard of that until now? I never knew what use that thing had, I thought it was just decoration!
Why is this the most fascinating shit? I did not expect to be entranced the whole 37 minutes.
Just after watching the whole Thing I realised it had been 37 minutes.Time flies when watching Pannen explore this Game
How do you make 3 videos on video game walls floors and ceilings? Ask Pannen
Edit: I just realized this part is 37 minutes long...and that’s just one part
A smash presentation AND almost 40 minutes of pannenkoek. Today is a good day
Edit: its really cool to finally get an explanation to things i just thought of as "sm64 being sm64"
I think my favorite part of this video is how he felt the need to put the info about which falling blocks have which surface triangles in a fucking table form at 13:56.
19:29 the developers were like "heh, nobody will ever test it, trust me john.." BUSTED in 2018
The discussion of floor overshadowing at 20:42 says "more on that in a future video." We finally got that video!
The more I learn about the inner workings of this game the more I appreciate just how much work and thought must have gone into it. How they'd have to consider which parts would have to not match the visuals in order to make a better player experience or to account for hardware issues, for example.
Even the mistakes remind me that it was all made by hand.
I'm really curious what it would look like having Dennis’s hitbox hack applied to various ROMhacks. The notable two that come to mind would be Last Impact and Star Road, they both do a lot of odd things with the hitboxes they imported, so it would be interesting to see how the triangles are actually presented.
star road at least should have collision maps identical to the visual maps, because I don't think the model importer could import a separate collision map back then. not sure for last impact, tho.
Came back to this series before getting into the double-feature-length Invisible Walls video... It's fascinating to see how this all works, and the bizarre little spots or edge cases that make weird things happen. You've done an amazing job documenting everything.
What got me is that there's a. A couple of times he said "more on that in a future video," and sure enough, 5 years later, there it is. The floor foreshadowing, for example
14:28 now we the know how SimpleFlips can do what he does: he BLJ's off the Thwomp's C....eiling.
As someone who's been working on a homebrew 3D engine for the PS1, this video is highly informative to me! Seeing the quick & dirty collision detection and clipping schemes developers used back in the day in action is some very informative stuff as a homebrew programmer.
Great video Pannen!
I expected you to show Bowser's hitbox and how grabbing it's tail works... maybe for another time?
There are two objects. A Bowser object with the actual model and a hurtbox, and an invisible object stuck to its tail (there may be some discrepancies) which triggers the grabbing animation.
This was really enjoyable to watch. I know praising a video in a comment isn’t original but that’s no reason not to praise a well made video!
4:50 You can actually verify empirically that it’s the ceiling preventing you from climbing higher, since you can’t do a handstand. Though, I used to think that it’s the red tiles at the top of the poles that act as ceilings, and prevent Mario from climbing too high. 🤔
You put too much thought into this just to show/tell us about it. Yet you discovered how so many physics work and put so much effort into these videos.
This shows what true dedication is
Keep up the good work!
32:24 That panning sound effect matched so well up with the music, it couldn't be a coincidence
Finally the completion of the greatest trilogy since the original Star Wars! Keep up the good work
At 20:40 he said that a part 4 is coming up
Dude, this is one of the best videos. I feel like this is perfect everyone who's played this game for many years and wanted to know "why did that one thing act so weird that one time I tried to jump/stand/walk on it?"
The BitS thing was a big revelation for me. I feel so much closure knowing why all those runs that have died to that one weird long jump at the end of the game got screwed over.
It would be cool to see some past ABC videos done using this hack.
19:55 The physical models actually look way more harmonious than the visuals.
Harmonious? They should make a band
:OOO A Part 3?!
vnx 20:48 :-)
22:45
26:20
WHAT
Do you still get the star from the penguin by doing it that way?
26:20 is kinda worthless for speedrunning though, since you know, the rest of the stage isn't loaded.
If you watch a 120 star run TAS, the 22:45 technique is used, so it was known before that
Efisio Spiga the ccm strat isnt RTA friendly
@@jadencoucopoulos2567 you cant sorry, if you dont stay on ground for more than 64 frames then the game consider it cheating
In Hong Kong, it is 12:42 and I am going to sleep.
And than this comes out.
Edit: Grammar problem, thanks Jorge for pointing it out
hymnson Cheung oh hong kong bois! We cool right?
now at malaysia, it's 0225 am already, and I'm going to sleep too😂
hymnson Cheung then* comes*
MRT129 Edwin Lai we're*
Jorge C. M.
Boi it’s internet slang u WALL
Thank you Pannen, very cool!
Pannen uploads a 37 minute video of information I will never use? YES!
It amazes me how janky this game truly is. It also amazes me how interesting Pannen can make a 37-minute uncommentated video all about collision detection the most interesting thing I've seen all week.
What's interesting is that in the beta of SM64, there was a piranha plant positioned exactly where those two oddly placed floor triangles are in Whomp's Fortress.
I feel like I have encountered almost every single one of the example you showed in one form or another and I feel so much better now that I know WHY. Thank you, Pannen.
Cool hack Dennis Made and cool new discoveries and information. Great video
18:45 I remember in one of the beta revival hacks it had a piranha plant instead of the elevators so most likely it did but I'm not sure
This is my new favorite Pannen video. Excellent illustrations, shedding light onto oddities that I've never seen explained so clearly. Fantastic video!
This man can make floors, walls, and ceilings sound interesting. Amazing.
Neat. This would be a cool hack to play with.
14:00 BBH’s falling blocks only having surface triangles on the top (not the sides or the bottom) is actually pretty fitting for a *GHOST* level 😆.
Seeing how the collision works when he is grabbing a ledge has opened my mind at how I can program special player actions that I have been unable to figure out before.
Hey man, just wanted to say that this video actually made my day. I love watching you explore this game, so thanks for everything.
Why do stars even have hitboxes during cutscenes?
Because it's easier to just let them keep them. They're not checked during the cut scene so why disable them?
Ryan Scheel They don't keep their hitbox, though, they have a different hitbox. It looks almost as if the game originally didn't pause when stars came out and let you collect them immediately, like in Banjo Kazooie.
Ikr.
Mario can't even collect stars during cutscenes (unless you use glitches) but for some reason it has a hitbox during the cutscene..
NINTENDO YOU LIED TO ME.
Yeah, you can't even collect them during cutscenes
Top 10 Anime Trilogies
YellowPie84 read carefully :-) 20:48
boi
I had no idea this video was 40 minutes long until it was finished and I scrubbed back to the beginning to watch it again. Seriously amazing work.
I love that slope X style beta leftover stuff, so this video is like Christmas to me.
Shoutouts to the guy who made the romhack. It looks lovely, good job.
Wow! Great video and great trilogy. Kudos to you, pannenkoek2012, for doing all this research and making these videos; and kudos to Dennis for making this hack. Must have been loads of work. However, this kind of left me confused. In an earlier video you’ve said that lava is just a special kind of floor, but this hack didn’t display lava with floor triangles, so what is actually going on here? Is lava not a floor, after all? Then what is it? Also, I would be interested in what exactly is water, programming-wise, since it’s clearly not a floor or any kind of triangle, and it’s obviously not an object either, right? It honestly seems more like some kind of a level parameter, if that’s even a thing, I don’t know. 🤔
That slide skip would change the whole speedrunning strategy
That’s actually groundbreaking
Wooper Dooper It's already been used though.
Seeing a 40 minute pannen video in my inbox made me feel giddy. I love seeing the crazy stuff there is to learn about this game
My favourite serie! And it's getting another follow up too! Thanks Pannen!
Doctor: You have 37 minutes and 26 seconds left to live.
Me:
thank you pannen for knowledge and entertainment you are magical
This was a good look at how these kinds of things work in games and especially how things work in this game.
I'm learning a great amount about hit boxes and collision geometry from this video!
I noticed you could wall jump in the stairs recently when trying to learn the ledgegrab, cool to see why :)
This is faaassccinnattingggg :O I'd be curious what a Pedro Spot looks like in this visualization.
Nice work, dude! Also, I hope you're feeling better.
Man, that is one seriously fine toothed comb you've got for this game. You seriously have an eye for detail that I don't think anyone at Nintendo was ever expecting. I'm always impressed with your dedication whenever I watch any of your videos. Thank you for doing what you do, I appreciate it.
omg thank you so much for that data table comparing the falling block surfaces in different levels. dunno what we would've done without that.
Awesome visualization here, thanks for the video.
Sit down class, it's time to learn about geometry.
Geometry without Gay Baby Jails that is.
"Kids, what kind of triangles are doors made of?" "Floor triangles?" "I HEAR EVERY DOOR YOU OPEN"
How many pannen videos has it been without GBJ?
RedIrishSpud
Yes
Does 28:00 count as a GBJ
Brandon Wood
GBJ must be inescapable. He swam out of the wall easily. Besides he’d still be able to Exit Course.
24:30 So you CAN grab this ledge... but doing so will just get Mario killed. A cruel trap for players, an oversight, or deliberate neglect, since who would be stupid enough to grab that?
Great video! Very informative! Thank you so much for uploading!
Watching this, thinking about the work that went in at Nintendo, where all of the engineers would’ve started on this, having absolutely no idea what to do at first. What they came up with is remarkable
Two questions:
Why does collected star even have hitboxes during the animation?
Can we blj off this broken sign in BoB
KaMa2 I'm not sure but I think that trying to BLJ the broken sign in BOB will not work because Mario will get enough height to go above the sign
Yes you can blj off the sign, i've done it numerous times in the past. It can be a bit hard to escape it when you get enough speed, but i found it to be an easy location to do it especially on console.
UberTerris thanks, i may even try it on my emu
UberTerris I found it hard to gain speed at all
-first of all, ceilings go up until obstructed by a floor
-yes it would be hard to gain speed because the ceiling triangle is very thin. You would have to come on a sharp angle.
This is just what I needed. I had a horrible day so thanks Pannen for reminding me that there's still magic in the world.
Not only is it a new Pannen video, it's a long and explanation-heavy Pannen video, which is a must-watch in my book.
I'm just so happy there's a new 37-minute Pannenkoek video, thank you ~
At 32:25 the camera panning syncs to the music.
I would love to see this hack in more N64 games.
This explains so much about the feel of this game, wow.
Fun fact: at 18:12 where he says that there are 2 triangles on the ground is actually where originally a scrapped 4th piranha plant would be because in the beta footage for wf you can see there is another piranha plant near where the elevator that leads to the top of the fortress is
Yay, more education :) And so much of it, too! Thank you very much. These are always super interesting. And I always found Sushi to be a super pointless enemy in the game. You have to force yourself into him to ever take damage, and apparently only his lungs are dangerous. And I didn't even notice that cheep cheeps exist in the game until much later. They really could have done a better job with the space in the water levels.
22:45 Did you just discover a new strat for speedruns?
Lugmillord sushi lungs? He is a fish. Fish don't have lungs
That's the joke :D I don't think I ever took damage from him.
...no, you're right, total brainfart on my end xD
22:45 was already known of, it was used in the 120 TAS. and it's not RTA friendly.
I see
Walls floor and ceilings part 3: Floordust Crusaders
I just rewatched parts 1 and 2 of this yesterday, this is perfect!!
Walls, Floors & Ceilings is now a feature-length movie.
I love it.
so perhaps this hack can help for the TTC upwarp?
Could it be the effect of an oscillating floor/ceiling? (12:41 plus 25:05)
JVBDPaoli Cheetah is right, this doesn't happen in the still setting. Also, downwarps are very common, so the second clip you time-stamped was already known of for a long time and were pretty sure it doesn't have anything to do with the TTC upwarp
How is Mario lifted up when Dorrie's model switches from down to up?
Another Dan his y position increases
wow thanks for the help
what a detailed explanation
It's ya boi you're welcome
i was being sarcastic
It's a cutscene. I do believe Mario ignores collision for the duration of a cutscene, so that would also explain him moving through ceiling triangles.
The videos are so entertaining all the way through, I couldn't like them enought. Thank you so much. So informative and also funny! absolutely loved them
Incredibly thorough video Pannen. Awesome job.