How to do complete coolant flush/How to use prestone radiator flush and cleaner/flush Muddy coolant

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 138

  • @iyobosajefferson6457
    @iyobosajefferson6457 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +9

    Excellent video explaining with details how to flush the radiator! 👍

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  11 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Glad you liked it!

  • @n.p.2653
    @n.p.2653 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +76

    No way I am letting my vehicle idle for 2 hours

    • @stevenjacobrogers
      @stevenjacobrogers 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +18

      Just drive around for a bit, a lot faster.

    • @3000played
      @3000played 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      😂

    • @will4417
      @will4417 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +14

      Highjacking the top comment to remind everyone to blast the heat all the way up in the cabin when you let your engine run (or drive around) to clean your heater core.

    • @MomentoMori769
      @MomentoMori769 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      That's insane!! Maybe 15min

    • @lutherthompson2250
      @lutherthompson2250 หลายเดือนก่อน

      What if your fan dont cut on when u try turning it on​@@will4417

  • @Phil-D83
    @Phil-D83 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +17

    I drive with the said cleaner in for a week during the summer. A few engine flushes and new coolant + coolant additive.

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  9 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Awesome

    • @InsuringUrFuture
      @InsuringUrFuture 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I've never done this before so I came to this video and saw your comment if I add the coolant cleaner to my radiator and run it for about a week are you saying that at that time I should drain the coolant cleaner after a week and then add new 50/50

    • @Phil-D83
      @Phil-D83 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @InsuringUrFuture drive a week. The person doing the flush and have to drian and fill it once or twice with water, let it run for 15 mins each time, and then do the new coolant. I usually add purple ice or similar to the new coolant.

    • @Phil-D83
      @Phil-D83 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@InsuringUrFuture after the first coolant + flush is drained, you will have a lot of waste products and particulates in the system. Takes another fill, run, and flush, with water to get it all out

  • @b_sh07
    @b_sh07 9 วันที่ผ่านมา +2

    Nice job .. just don't forget to turn on the heater while flushing

  • @Andika-vt4wh
    @Andika-vt4wh ปีที่แล้ว +4

    mantap gan sgt bermanfaat. kbetulan sy lg cari info coolent utk mobil sy. trmakasih sdh berbagi, hal ini akan sy praktekkan d mbil sy. bagi org luar negeri, selamat mmbaca & smoga anda tau artinya dr yg sy tulis ini. goodjob

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks, appreciate that

    • @Andika-vt4wh
      @Andika-vt4wh ปีที่แล้ว

      @@AliMECH your'e welcome. apakah kamu mengerti apa yang saya bicarakan diatas? tidak kan ya😄 but your video very is good for me

    • @barinder6691
      @barinder6691 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Even i appreciate it. 😊

  • @InsuringUrFuture
    @InsuringUrFuture 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    As someone that is a first-time user of the prestone total cooling system cleaner can I use the entire container in my radiator and allow it to run for about a week through the system to clean out the hoses and everything. And then flush everything out and add new coolant

    • @mitzyhustle1578
      @mitzyhustle1578 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Read and follow the instructions only

  • @rray3630
    @rray3630 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    great video man ....just to the point ....no blah blah . perfect.....

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Thanks

  • @munnachakra4342
    @munnachakra4342 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Where did you connect the garden hose is at the inlet port of the engines water jacket where the hose from the water pump sends water into the water jacket of the engine, did all the debri come out of the engines water jacket from the outlet port at the level of the thermostat . By the way did you remove the thermostat because it sends the debri into the water pump via the byepass valve connected to the byepass hose. In such a case how do you get rid of the debri in the water pump assembly

  • @jonadam5392
    @jonadam5392 4 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Did you turn the heater on so as to flush the heater core,or is this not necessary?

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  วันที่ผ่านมา +1

      Yes, it's important

  • @miyoshiumeki
    @miyoshiumeki ปีที่แล้ว +7

    I wouldn't use the overflow tank to add any fluid. The overflow tank should be filled with distilled water as the radiator as well and then add the cleaner to the radiator.

    • @MOAON_AABE
      @MOAON_AABE ปีที่แล้ว +10

      What if your vehicle doesn't have a radiator cap like mine???

    • @wally7856
      @wally7856 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      In my vehicle the overflow is the only way to add fluid, there is no other way.

    • @MOAON_AABE
      @MOAON_AABE ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@wally7856 same

    • @T33K4Y
      @T33K4Y ปีที่แล้ว +8

      the radiator will take coolant from the overflow tank by itself after a couple of heat cycles as and when it needs. literally a non-problem.

    • @csabaferenczi9072
      @csabaferenczi9072 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Are you a professional factory trained mechanic or a wanna-be ?

  • @andrewabogado
    @andrewabogado 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I’m curious, when put garden hose water, did you run the engine? Also, did you remove the thermostat? I wanted to this as well

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Not really, I didn't, because inlet the engine run and warm up to circuit the water

    • @andrewabogado
      @andrewabogado 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@AliMECH I see. So thermostat intact and engine running. Thanks.

    • @MrWontstopthefunk
      @MrWontstopthefunk ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Pull the stat

  • @GSM-Mobility9
    @GSM-Mobility9 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Fantastic work by you

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Many thanks

  • @BilalBaloch-tl2bp
    @BilalBaloch-tl2bp หลายเดือนก่อน

    A simple question, instead of pouring the coolant in Radiator, why he is adding it in coolant reservoir (forgot it's actual name)?

  • @alra8506
    @alra8506 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hi Ali, great video. I have a question. In minute @2:35 you say "running the engine three times with tap water" Does that mean actually turning the engine on with tap water in the system, or just filling the system up with tap water without the engine on?

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Thanks, yes, with running engine, to circulate and wash the cleaner

  • @YuckFou0x0FFFF
    @YuckFou0x0FFFF 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    You're supposed to turn the heater on any time you do cooling system repairs. OTOH, if you drain and refill your coolant about once a year, it'll never get this bad to begin with.

    • @buger701
      @buger701 หลายเดือนก่อน

      oops forgot ok hehehahaha

  • @amhblk9432
    @amhblk9432 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you dear Ali.

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Always welcome

  • @MOAON_AABE
    @MOAON_AABE ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Is using the reservoir how your supposed to do this if your vehicle does NOT have a regular radiator cap like my vehicle????

    • @jontnoneya3404
      @jontnoneya3404 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      YES

    • @MOAON_AABE
      @MOAON_AABE 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@jontnoneya3404 thanks so much 👍

  • @JTrue10
    @JTrue10 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    You realize any coolant that goes into the soil makes its way to the public drinking water. Please don't do this if you see this video. Dispose of your fluids properly.

  • @charlyrodzz
    @charlyrodzz 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Good video. Question here! if my radiator only has water from the faucet instead of coolant, do i follow the same steps? Motor has less than 15k miles basically new. It overheated, coolant reservoir was empty, and my mother added water now i have to flush the water out and add coolant. I checked for leaks and couldn’t find any.

    • @jstnnn1
      @jstnnn1 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      ouch, if it’s new hurry up and flush it with distilled water. tap water has minerals which destroy the metal leading to rust and not ideal for a new car. especially considering it flows through the engine. flush with distilled and drain the water, them fill will pre diluted antifreeze

    • @charlyrodzz
      @charlyrodzz 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@jstnnn1Yes, did it that same day. Thanks for responding though.

    • @jstnnn1
      @jstnnn1 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@charlyrodzz gotcha, no problem. good luck

  • @waheed7288
    @waheed7288 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Hey I am confused my car has reservoir but not sure if it has radiator cap as well I want to burp the system most video I have seen they do it from Radiator ,some from radiator reservoir mine is newer car 2020 Hyundai
    I replace the radiator
    Any help appreciated

    • @piezoman79
      @piezoman79 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Not sure if you ever got an answer but if it has a radiator cap fill from there first then top off at reservoir, unless your owners manual says differently. Really just depends how your reservoir is plumbed whether you’ll overflow it before you get anywhere near filling the system or not.

  • @rafaelrovira5820
    @rafaelrovira5820 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thanks Good video, question. No need to replace the thermostat after flush and cleaner?

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks, No need to

    • @MrWontstopthefunk
      @MrWontstopthefunk ปีที่แล้ว

      Pull the stat during cleaning for better results

    • @jontnoneya3404
      @jontnoneya3404 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

      It's a matter how how thoroughly do you want to clean your system?
      Also DO you want to protect your system from corrosion??
      It is REALLY NOT recommended to use tap water when flushing your coolant. WHY??
      Because tap water contains chemicals and impurities that over time will corrode the inside of your radiator. If there's a large amount of tap water, it'll lower the life of your radiator, clog pathways and lead to higher gas mileage, overheating and the resolution of such things is an expensive radiator replacement OR water pump replacement or both. It's easy but in the long run, it's just NOT worth it to use tap water.
      Use only distilled water as it does not have the same chemicals nor does it have impurities that will cause damage to your cooling system.
      If you really want to clean your cooling system, you can remove the thermostat from the engine prior to flushing. This allows coolant, flush and water into the engine cooling compartment and heating core faster. BUT you get the same effect if you simply warm up your car to where the thermostat opens. That's why it's recommended when running your engine to turn your heater on high....cuz it'll circulate the flush and water through that part of your system also.
      If you remove the thermostat before you flush, you should replace it AND IT'S GASKET with new components. They're inexpensive and easy to change. That way after the flush, you'll have a much better cooling system.
      If you leave the thermostat in the engine while you're flushing, the flushing will clean up the thermostat as well as the cooling system. Yes it might, MIGHT foul your thermostat in the flushing process leading to a need for replacement but that's not really common. Also if your thermostat isn't malfunctioning it doesn't need to be replaced. If you're having overheating issues and you test your coolant and it's in the good zone, then the likely problem with overheating is a bad thermostat. But that's not a guarantee.
      Anyways hope that helps

  • @mariopalaciosvaldes8589
    @mariopalaciosvaldes8589 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    EXCELENTE, GRACIAS POR TU VIDEO!!!!

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Gracias

  • @Life.Life.Lifebb
    @Life.Life.Lifebb 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I do that its great 👍👍👍👍

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Awesome

  • @MCFABRICATION
    @MCFABRICATION ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Do you guys think if I add tap water to heat up the engine after it’s been drained already… run it until it’s hot then empty it… Then fill it up with distilled water and the Prestone cleaner and let it soak over night then ran for 15-20 minutes increments throughout a whole day to add up to the hours it takes I should be good?
    Is it okay to leave in the system for a long period of time uncirculated is what I’m asking….

    • @MrWontstopthefunk
      @MrWontstopthefunk ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I’m wondering the same thing but you might as well save the distilled for after the flush. Run the chemical and then flush 2-3 times with distilled to make sure it’s all out. Check your capacity but fill with straight concentrated coolant to account for the water in the block

    • @miguelmena1266
      @miguelmena1266 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      No it must circulate to flush out the corrosion. Water pump makes the flow the engine while running. Sitting wont do the job

  • @bbminetesting6837
    @bbminetesting6837 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I used the Prestone flush in my 2008 Crown Vic and I'm still flushing out all the suds. Returned the stuff I had for my other Vic. I'll just use distilled water and skip the cleaner.

    • @jontnoneya3404
      @jontnoneya3404 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Distilled water alone won't get rid of any corrosion that may have begun and/or built up in system. That's why using a chemical flush is preferred.

  • @jibranbaloch7650
    @jibranbaloch7650 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Is it ok to idle the vehicle for 2 hours?

    • @williamdavis7613
      @williamdavis7613 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      Not really, better to drive it I would think because of your oil

    • @Lohmeier54
      @Lohmeier54 ปีที่แล้ว

      It's not going to cause any long term damage. Really maybe just a bit of wear. If you're worried just cut the time in half

  • @salonh2715
    @salonh2715 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    hi bro i had mix oil in cooling system because of oil cooler what is the best way to flash the system ,what is the best item can be used in flashing thanks

    • @volt8684
      @volt8684 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Dish washer tabs

    • @americanbadass_69
      @americanbadass_69 24 วันที่ผ่านมา

      small amount of dawn dish liquid works well

  • @franciscoacosta207
    @franciscoacosta207 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Did this flush make your cars heater blow hotter?

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I had bad heater problem with onother car, and I saw big changes with it after flashing, definitely blowing warmer air

  • @trreyywayy
    @trreyywayy 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Would you not need to worry about the car overheating with just water ?

    • @FractalNinja
      @FractalNinja 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Nah, water can work fine in a pinch. Though you wouldn't want to use water in areas where it gets cold/in winter because it could freeze and crack parts because ice expands. This is why coolant is also called "antifreeze" because its got alcohols to prevent the water in it from freezing up :D

  • @Saleh.Al-Ghamdi
    @Saleh.Al-Ghamdi 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What is the best coolant cleaner brand? Have you tested it?

    • @chuckychuck
      @chuckychuck ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Blue devil, run your car for two hrs?? Took me half hr, I drain my coolant and refill it with water set the heating system to full blast start my engine, put those in my expansion to clean the rust from the heater core, and got up to the running temp and it came out clear then I open up the main radiator to clean that system and my engine block after that then I added the clr all t together took me 40 minutes, my inside was pushing out 140 degrees with a food thermometer sitting in the vent, cast iron block su,, the rust from the block causes heater core to clog more quickly.

  • @MaximusXK
    @MaximusXK ปีที่แล้ว +1

    2:10 Can I drive a car with cleaner in the radiator

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Sure

    • @MaximusXK
      @MaximusXK ปีที่แล้ว

      @@AliMECH 🤲🥰 Reassure my heart

  • @trisnomechanic6985
    @trisnomechanic6985 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for sharing

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks for watching

  • @madelrocciba3875
    @madelrocciba3875 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Buen video Ali

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      gracias Rosie

  • @abbottstephen82
    @abbottstephen82 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Looking at that hose it’s swelled from overheating

  • @acianglittlefox2718
    @acianglittlefox2718 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello bro.. can i using the car normally when i choose running heavy duty cleaning or must keep the car idle (engine on) until 2hr?

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes no problem

  • @mufuliramark
    @mufuliramark ปีที่แล้ว +20

    This should be headed, ‘How to flush your engine, missing out important steps’.

    • @snowypython5209
      @snowypython5209 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      If you cant figure out the steps in between, you shouldn't be trying this yourself.

    • @weecha7063
      @weecha7063 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      @@snowypython5209 bro comprehension skills are that of a fifth grader he needs a Lego diagram on how to do it

    • @Vintageshutters
      @Vintageshutters 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      You should use a no spill funnel and fill above the height of radiator to burp the system and squeeze the hoses to ensure no air in the system. If there is enough air in cooling system the vehicle will overheat. Burping system is most important

  • @incogspectator3042
    @incogspectator3042 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Can someone clearly state whether this crap goes in the resevoir or the radiator itself. Ive watched a bunch of videos and no one has said where to put it once. Important info for first timer 🙄.

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  ปีที่แล้ว

      Some cars have cap on reservoir only and don't have cap on radiator

  • @MrWontstopthefunk
    @MrWontstopthefunk ปีที่แล้ว

    You let it idle for 2 hours? Would highly recommend removing thermostat

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  ปีที่แล้ว

      No need too, because by the engine warms up, it will open the valve

    • @MrWontstopthefunk
      @MrWontstopthefunk ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@AliMECHstill more flow no stat 😅

  • @shanmugasundaram1983
    @shanmugasundaram1983 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you bro.thank you so much

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Always welcome

  • @MohammadAli-mo8fk
    @MohammadAli-mo8fk 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I think there is no thermostat in your car, i have the same car and there is a thermostat where you have some leaking.

  • @akbar5083
    @akbar5083 ปีที่แล้ว

    What kind of pliers is that? 1:03 1:05

  • @samuelmarchese121
    @samuelmarchese121 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Terrible vid. Never use "garden hose" water. Only distilled. Minerals in gardwn hpse water will rust your block out.

    • @volt8684
      @volt8684 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Rubbish that’s what the antifreeze prevents

  • @Elio_1030
    @Elio_1030 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Why some people use distilled water

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      So when it stays in the engine, doesn't rust the engine block, but u male sure to push all out with compressed air

  • @keepitsolidkeepitreal2877
    @keepitsolidkeepitreal2877 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Prestone Flush is great product took 1oz or more from my sitting F-150 .

  • @HildaMartinez-y8w
    @HildaMartinez-y8w 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    ❤❤❤❤❤

  • @mariorrodriguez535
    @mariorrodriguez535 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    garden water has minerals,

  • @sovitunion6009
    @sovitunion6009 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    ❤❤❤❤❤

  • @ObeyDeFi
    @ObeyDeFi หลายเดือนก่อน

    Imagine .. how many people dispose of coolant in the sink or toilet 😂😂😂

  • @waqarqadeer5217
    @waqarqadeer5217 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Not wearing gloves today? 🤔😁😉

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      😅 because there was no antifreeze in the engine, it was all water +

  • @outlawshinemaker
    @outlawshinemaker 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    You must use full strength coolant for this due to water in block ! 50/50 will not be concentrated enough

  • @jeepsblackpowderandlights4305
    @jeepsblackpowderandlights4305 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This shit is absolute trash. I used two bottles in my Jeep.. did absolutetly nothing to remove calcium build up

  • @michaellizotte4586
    @michaellizotte4586 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    that coolant hose is swollen

  • @Netherlands031
    @Netherlands031 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    So why would one do this? Most cars don't even get their coolant changed, let alone flushed, so this seems completely unneccessary to me. As long as there's antifreeze, corrosion inhibitors , pH buffers etc. floating around I think you're good - that tiny bit of debris is only a visual problem.
    Worth noting that with a lot of cars you fill the coolant at the radiator cap, and not a plastic reservoir. And for proper coolant circulation, the thermostat (for cars that have one, which is most cars) has to be open, so make sure the coolant gets hot enough. You can use an infrared thermometer on a few coolant hoses to check if there's flow happening or if the thermostat is closed.

    • @James-yp9bg
      @James-yp9bg ปีที่แล้ว +5

      There's cars that can buildup scale and rust which can affect performance and other components. This breaks down those deposits and helps clean the system out. Go check out Chrisfix channel. He explains it a bit better. Especially the heater core flush

    • @MOAON_AABE
      @MOAON_AABE ปีที่แล้ว +5

      What if your vehicle doesn't have a radiator cap like mine???

    • @dragonshr280
      @dragonshr280 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      wtf meh. really meh. look i not bashing but yea. you do know that not everyone wonts to drive a elc car ? people who take care of there car flush there car every 30k miles. people who buy used cars flush them cause they do not know how the car was taken care of or how long its been setting. others flush there car every 5 years. but cars get flushed meh. saying < Most cars don't even get their coolant changed > no ideal where you got that info from lol. now why would you do this.. when the radiator is clogged or engine is getting to hot. your engine runs a richer fuel mixture. this causing you to use more gas. by keeping your engine and radiator clean you save on gas and repair cost. also understand it is not just the radiator your flushing. your also flushing the engine ports that the antifreeze runs throw. after so long they build of dirt amd rust or other stuff that can make the engine run hot. so flush your radiator and engine. keep it clean save on gas.

    • @matejhetenyi2842
      @matejhetenyi2842 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Man... What? As u told, in YOUR opinion. Your opinion is clearly based on your laziness and lack of need to care. People who care for their things will maintain them as they should.

  • @Ourinterestingplanet
    @Ourinterestingplanet 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

    10 min enough not 2 hours always

  • @franciscorendon9693
    @franciscorendon9693 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Si los videos los subtitularas fuera mejor no todo mundo entiende el ingles de que te sirve crearas mas visitas 😂😂

    • @AliMECH
      @AliMECH  9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      revisa mi canal en español 🙏
      th-cam.com/video/MvMhMKpxMAo/w-d-xo.html

  • @edwardanthony7283
    @edwardanthony7283 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Time consuming

    • @zekethefishgeek8690
      @zekethefishgeek8690 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      So is your life... every single minute of every day...

  • @Goldenhammer8
    @Goldenhammer8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Luke Whaley exploded every time death spark cube Lonoke Arkansas fire truck crash oil blood meat grinder

  • @adamawad1287
    @adamawad1287 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Preston is the worst it doesn’t work do not wast your money .

    • @HossamElwahsh
      @HossamElwahsh ปีที่แล้ว +1

      so what's better?

    • @kalui96
      @kalui96 ปีที่แล้ว

      I heard the Thermocure stuff works better

    • @clintonbirdsr.8598
      @clintonbirdsr.8598 หลายเดือนก่อน

      CLR