The Bill of Rights 2.3 & 3.5 - Benchmark Civics EOC Benchmark 2024 (Everything You Need to Know)

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 พ.ย. 2015
  • PowerPoint available at: www.teacherspayteachers.com/S...
    The video teaches the protections and limits of the US Bill of Rights. Includes a breakdown of Amendments I - X and their effects on the United States. Students will have an understanding of each amendment in the Bill of Rights. This includes limits on the the rights listed in the Bill of Rights and the protections that these amendments provide for Americans.
    The Bill of Rights is a major focus of the Florida End-of-Course Exam (EOC) and most civics state exams. The following is a break-down of the protections and limits in this video:
    Amendment I - the first amendment protects freedom of speech, religion, assembly, petition, and the press... Speech obviously includes the ability to express yourself. However there are limits such as slander & libel, and causing panic or fear with your words.
    Amendment II: the Bill of Rights protects the right to "bear arms." This politically volatile issue is too political for me to discuss the pro's and con's but I suggest you research for yourself.
    Amendment III: the third amendment protects from quartering soldiers. While this amendment is extremely dated you will still need to be aware of it for your exam.
    Amendment IV: the Fourth Amendment protects from unreasonable search and seizure. This is the closest constitutional protection for the right to privacy. This amendment includes the need for the government to obtain a search warrant before searching someone's private property.
    The fifth amendment
    Mr. Raymond’s Civics E.O.C. Academy was designed for students taking the Florida Civics End-of-Course (EOC) Exam. However, as many states are implementing Civics Exams, these videos will work for all students of Civics, US Government, and US History. Currently students have to pass a civics state exam in order to graduate in Idaho, Wisconsin, North Carolina, Arizona, North Dakota, Louisiana, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Utah. These videos look at all of the civics benchmarks that will be tested on most state civics exams.
    As a civics teacher I have often looked for civics TH-cam video clips to show my students. I hope these videos will serve as a supplement to lessons for civics teachers, US history teachers, US government teachers and their students. While they might be a little basic for AP Government students, they could serve as a refresher of basic concepts and content. I have also thought that these videos could help those who are going to take the naturalization test to become US Citizens. I have also been reached by parents whose children are taking Florida Virtual School’s (FLVS) Civics class.
    **For noncommercial, educational, and archival purposes under Law of Fair Use as provided in section 107 of the US copyright law. No copyrights infringements intended**
    #floridacivicseoc, #floridacivicseocexam, #civicseoc, #floridacivicseocbillofrights, #billofrights, #newfloridacivicseoc, #mrraymondcivicseoc,

ความคิดเห็น • 307

  • @demonjunkie6588
    @demonjunkie6588 7 ปีที่แล้ว +34

    Thanks! Just passed my test last period. I got a 90%! Thanks :D

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  7 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Congrats ChaoticAvenger!!!

    • @Ara-cx2nr
      @Ara-cx2nr 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Why not 100% huh jk congrats last year

    • @Ara-cx2nr
      @Ara-cx2nr 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Synexfy iwnl civics is super easy u just need to listen I'm in 10th grade now

    • @Flowersday12326
      @Flowersday12326 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @demonjunkie good job !!!!

  • @jamilahmed5335
    @jamilahmed5335 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    hey Mr. Raymond bc of you i memorized the bill of rights
    1- Freedom of assembly, press, religion, speech/expression, & petition
    2- right to bear arms
    3- right to deny quartering of soldiers
    4- no unreasonable searches or seizures
    5- no self incrimination or double jeopardy
    6- right to attorney in criminal cases
    7- right to attorney in civil cases
    8- no cruel and unusual punishments
    9- rights not listed in constitution are reserved to people
    10- laws not listed are reserved to the states

  • @brittanyrizo3970
    @brittanyrizo3970 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I learned the difference between slander (spoken lies) and libel (written lies) -Brittany Rizo

  • @julietazamora7264
    @julietazamora7264 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Mr.Raymond I watched the video and did the guided notes, the 5 freedoms from the first amend ment are, freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

  • @deshawnwint5190
    @deshawnwint5190 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    This was an amazing video and it helped me a lot with my understanding

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks so much Deshawn! Happy holidays! Mr. Raymond

    • @anthonymendoza6210
      @anthonymendoza6210 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Coward . You know damn well why the 2A exists.

  • @paulaalcazar867
    @paulaalcazar867 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Mr.Raymond its Paula Alcazar from your 1 period and I learned about the ammendments specially the first one and their freedoms

  • @lucs2889
    @lucs2889 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hello Mr Raymond, I did my guided notes

  • @anamichelena271
    @anamichelena271 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I learned that the 5 rights guaranteed in the 5th amendment are- right to a grand jury- no double jeopardy- no self- incrimination - right to due process - eminent domain

  • @anamarisperera5791
    @anamarisperera5791 7 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    First ten amendments in constitution *my internet was out yesterday so I had to do it in school

  • @rcurbelo2002
    @rcurbelo2002 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I'm using this for my test that is 30 questions long. I'll let you know what I got!

  • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
    @MrRaymondSocialStudies  8 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Please note this video is pretty long... If showing in class or having your students watch, you might want to split it in half

  • @Francobattilana
    @Francobattilana 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I watched the video Mr.Raymond and I learn that the Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments of the Constitution

  • @jenscuba7517
    @jenscuba7517 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I learned a more in depth explanation of specific amendments in the Bill of Rights

  • @adrienebailey9010
    @adrienebailey9010 ปีที่แล้ว

    I just found this video and it's wonderful.

  • @reyneldiaz9448
    @reyneldiaz9448 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    this is a really good lesson I am doing a assement by my history teacher and I am learning so much with this videos

  • @gabrielsole1418
    @gabrielsole1418 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Mr.Raymond, what I learned is that the 4th amendment in a way gives us the right of privacy.

  • @handleuprotmg1698
    @handleuprotmg1698 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    thanks for making these videos this helps me out alot in school! :)

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

  • @barbaraveigaderoovere7561
    @barbaraveigaderoovere7561 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I did the guided notes and watched the video. The 4th amendment protects from unreasonable searches or seizures.

  • @MIAMI_VIBES_
    @MIAMI_VIBES_ 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video!

  • @MacGuzman
    @MacGuzman 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    cool! I hope I pass my test tomorrow (which is 12 questions) i'll let you know what I get

  • @thomasb6521
    @thomasb6521 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I learned about the phrase "pleading fifth", which meant the right to remain silent.

  • @rainbowstars7633
    @rainbowstars7633 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love you Mr. Raymond!

  • @Plantpuffbaby
    @Plantpuffbaby 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I learned that we have other rights, even if they are not listed.

  • @fish_grass5285
    @fish_grass5285 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This helped a lot thank you

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks for the kind words Isaac!! Hope you have a great summer!! Mr. Raymond

    • @fish_grass5285
      @fish_grass5285 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@MrRaymondSocialStudies You too!

  • @adventuresofgaara8936
    @adventuresofgaara8936 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am Abraham Rodriguez from period 5 and I learned that a right is things that you are allowed to do because of nature or because of law.

  • @liamarzola
    @liamarzola 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I learned about the right to an impartial jury

  • @jimenaastorqui1720
    @jimenaastorqui1720 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    did the guided notes. the 4th amendment protects from unreasonable searches or seizures

  • @davidruiz3859
    @davidruiz3859 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you!! now I know wayyyyyyyy more! I can do way better on my history test tomorrow

  • @thaliavaldes9580
    @thaliavaldes9580 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    awesome vid!

  • @katearias3068
    @katearias3068 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I learned that our first amendment listed our 5 big freedoms which are freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition.

  • @liashaw3642
    @liashaw3642 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I learned about what slander/libel meant!

  • @alejandrorivera4239
    @alejandrorivera4239 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi mr Raymond it's Alejandro r period 3 I did guided notes and 1 fact I learned was that slander or libel are spoken and printed lies that hurt someone

  • @veraniasosa9850
    @veraniasosa9850 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I learned that the bill of rights are the first ten amendments in the constitution in article 5.

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Good Verania, although they aren't in Article 5. that just tells us how to make amendments. They are a separate document

  • @n3lz.mp3
    @n3lz.mp3 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Mr Bradley my 6th grade history teacher recommended this to help study for our test it really helped 😁

  • @LuciaMedina-pg5fu
    @LuciaMedina-pg5fu 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    mr.raymond I am luchi I did the guided notes. One thing I learned was the five freedoms of the firts amedment.
    1-. religion
    2-.Press
    3-. assembly
    4-.speech
    5-.petition

  • @ryanhernandez339
    @ryanhernandez339 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learned what the bill of rights was!

  • @matheeger
    @matheeger 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I learned that the 9th amendment gives the states/local gov reserved powers

  • @kazuthefourth1846
    @kazuthefourth1846 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    so... hi, i have a question: if someone is proven innocent in a court they can not be called under the same reason, correct?
    but what if there is more exact evidence say video evidence of a murder or so? can the case be called again?

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      So it would be possible to bring civil charges and a new trial but its not grounds for a new trial in most state courts... Pretty crazy.

  • @betsycarbonell9706
    @betsycarbonell9706 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learned that the purpose of the bill of rights was not only to protect our rights, but that by adding it, federalists and anti-federalists were able to reach a compromise for the constitution to be passed.

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

  • @Lamar7UpTownsell
    @Lamar7UpTownsell 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    awesome video

  • @prairiebuds870
    @prairiebuds870 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Does this still apply for Canadians in Canada ?

  • @eduardopons6559
    @eduardopons6559 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I learned that the 9th amendment grants us rights that aren’t listed in the Constitution

  • @tianaheadley6932
    @tianaheadley6932 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learned that a jury does not determine innocence or guilt in a civil trial; they determine who is right or wrong.

  • @noryong
    @noryong 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wish me luck... I have the test about this tomorrow! Its a 7th grade test...

  • @marcowortel2224
    @marcowortel2224 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    i watched the video im marco from 5th period and what i learned is that the bill of rights is the first ten amendments to the constitution.

  • @danielsordo5896
    @danielsordo5896 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Daniel from second period: i learned the first ammendment give u freedom of speech, religion,press, assembly, and petition.

  • @TroyBrownTV
    @TroyBrownTV 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    @10:16 The second amendment does not come from the need to defend ourselves from foreign attacks. That’s what the constitution did once it got rid of the articles of confederation. Instead, the well regulated militias were used to fight the slaves

    • @jamiegrowthanddevelopment9664
      @jamiegrowthanddevelopment9664 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      And now as well as then it also gave the people protection of being made slaves by it's own government. It's not miss interpreted at all because we see now more than ever due to coof mandates we were forced to comply or face fines and arrest with prosecution. I agree with what you said about that current time but the time were in now is what was stated above.

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

  • @frankdigiglio7067
    @frankdigiglio7067 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    hi mr raymond i watched the video. I learned that you are guaranteed 5 rights in the 5th amendment.

  • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
    @MrRaymondSocialStudies  8 ปีที่แล้ว

    #civics, #civicseoc, #mrraymondcivics, #firstamendment, #secondamendment, #thirdamendment, #fourthamendment, #fifthamendment, #sixthamendment, #seventhamendment, #eighthamendment, #ninethamendment, #tenthamendmenth,

  • @homesculptor
    @homesculptor ปีที่แล้ว

    So, explain to me how we have rights, when congress, after the first law suit finding them liable for fraud, congress amended the bill of rights so that they receive no deterrence or punishment for violating human rights and laws, unless the state consents its okay for their victims to sue them?

  • @rosamaryvilches1351
    @rosamaryvilches1351 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Good video

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for saying so Rosa!! Hope you are having a great year! Mr. Raymond

  • @jjensen4448
    @jjensen4448 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks i got a 100% :D

  • @louisboucard4349
    @louisboucard4349 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    i learned that the bill of rights was actually super important in the constitution.

  • @kevinpoole4323
    @kevinpoole4323 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Mandatory All Americans Must Take a Primer.

  • @ryanmichot8329
    @ryanmichot8329 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I learned that the 8th amendment is the one which outlaws excessive fines and unusual/ cruel punishment!

  • @alejandramalavenda9153
    @alejandramalavenda9153 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I learned that the sixth amendment involves the right to a speedy trial, impartial jury, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a lawyer.

  • @diegoveigaderoovere1318
    @diegoveigaderoovere1318 6 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    The 2nd amendment is the right to bear arms

  • @noobmaster6057
    @noobmaster6057 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    i passed thx a lot

  • @brandonslavescu8579
    @brandonslavescu8579 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learned what pleading the 5th means

  • @penelopei2782
    @penelopei2782 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I learned about the 10th amendment which I did not know about 🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂

  • @jacobschiff4087
    @jacobschiff4087 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I learned that the bill of rights was made to protects peoples freedoms

  • @JuanLopez-ni8xr
    @JuanLopez-ni8xr 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi mr Raymond i watched the video and did the guided notes, I learned that the 2nd amendment is that I had the right to own a gun

  • @nicolestevens7638
    @nicolestevens7638 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    i watched it and learned that a bill of rights is a document that protects peoples rights and also limits individual rights

  • @lorenzomadera5074
    @lorenzomadera5074 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Its lorenzo, i learned that the 8th amendment also includes no exessive bails

  • @nilbertran850
    @nilbertran850 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am nil I learned that the five freedoms are speach, religion , press assembly and petition

  • @liteshoe946
    @liteshoe946 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Mr. Raymond

  • @matiasmartinez6530
    @matiasmartinez6530 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi i watched the video. The ninth amendment states that rights not listed in the constitution are reserved for the people.

  • @VParadiseD
    @VParadiseD 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    I learned that the founding fathers were smart

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

  • @AileenSerrantes-ol8qk
    @AileenSerrantes-ol8qk 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you, bless you. I be ack

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

  • @taylornicole1034
    @taylornicole1034 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learned that the 4th Amendment protects us from unreasonable searches or seizures.

  • @santisanchez3919
    @santisanchez3919 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I did the guided notes and I learned that slander/libel are spoken or printed lies.

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Section 1
    Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
    Section 2
    Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

  • @jocelynecorrea735
    @jocelynecorrea735 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    i learned that although it is not listed, the 4th amendment gives us the right to privacy

  • @calebbazan9932
    @calebbazan9932 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    The bill of Rights is are the first 10 amedmants of the constitution.

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Section 1
    The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
    Section 2
    The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

  • @baqly
    @baqly 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    :) hey little rayray is just wanted to tell you that i am working right now

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      good thomas, but you are supposed to write down something you learned.

  • @nobody6546
    @nobody6546 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    🏆👍🏽🏆!

  • @christianbickford1007
    @christianbickford1007 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    hey mr Raymond , its me Christian, I learned about the first amendment and the freedoms people have. sorry I was late. please read the ending .Press to read more.

  • @Quillspirit
    @Quillspirit 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Full out question. Has anyone, in history, presented the Bill of Rights (which cannot be wrong) as evidence In a court case???

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  ปีที่แล้ว

      Not as "evidence" but yeah have a ton of lawsuits over people who feel their constitutional rights listed in the Bill of Rights have been violated.

  • @JuanFernandez-iu1le
    @JuanFernandez-iu1le 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learned when the Bill of Rights was written

  • @clarkecronin5506
    @clarkecronin5506 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Funny how you elaborated on all thee amendments but not on the second?

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  ปีที่แล้ว

      Pretty sure we're all familiar with the 2nd. Check out my AP Gov stuff for 2nd Amendment cases like McDonald v. Chicago and US v. Lopez...

  • @mexicanjew1304
    @mexicanjew1304 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's me Juan Sanchez I did it lil ray ray

    • @MrRaymondSocialStudies
      @MrRaymondSocialStudies  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      good juan, but you are supposed to write down something you learned.

    • @christianbickford1007
      @christianbickford1007 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      juan you have to write something you learned you scaliwag.

    • @mexicanjew1304
      @mexicanjew1304 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      christian I love social studies Bickford I'm no scaliwag

  • @jamesa4794
    @jamesa4794 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learned that "pleading the fifth" means expressing your right to remain silent.

  • @ivanmarzal7250
    @ivanmarzal7250 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learnt that they were 10 amendments in the bill of rights

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

  • @mrkaiman3052
    @mrkaiman3052 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You have the right to do whatever you want until it takes other people’s rights to feel safe

  • @mileypaige1321
    @mileypaige1321 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I got a 100 on my test!

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Section 1
    After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
    Section 2
    The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
    Section 3
    This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

  • @martitribo
    @martitribo 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I watched the video

  • @cristinad1775
    @cristinad1775 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learned that eminent domain is the right for the government to take away your property for public use

  • @unacambo
    @unacambo 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I didn't know that Thomas Jefferson wanted separation between the church and state

  • @JoeyWashington-ky7up
    @JoeyWashington-ky7up 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
    When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
    This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.