Even Tagalog and Kapampangan people in the Philippines, that's only a few hours distance from one another, cannot understand each other. To be exact, the Kapampangan homeland is only two hours away from the Tagalog homeland. 😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊
As a half Javanese and half Sundanese, this is so true. I can only speak Javanese, so whenever my Sundanese family speak in their native language I was like, "this is Indonesia! SPEAK INDONESIAN!!"
Even the Malays sometimes can't understand each other. I'm Riau Malay and my friend is Batubara Malay, having trouble communicating using ours respective Malay language.
@@keongdarat7171 even here at the same city, Prabumulih, south Sumatera. There is two native languages, Rambang language and belido language. And it's still quite hard to understand each other language because of the word differencies. Not because the dialect, although some words my sounds similar.
Me neither! I only had a suspicion when a Maori-speaking friend told me that "Waitangi" meant "Weeping Waters" and I immediately thought of the word "tangis" in Bahasa Malaysia and Indonesia. But that was very recently :)
about the mata nu hangin, in filipino we normally say “direskyon ng hangin” with “direksyon” coming from the spanish word “dirección” meaning direction, however in more formal, pure tagalog, “mata ng hangin” also makes sense
I am a Singaporean Malay. Many Malays in Singapore finds it hard to understand the Malay language spoken in Kelantan and Southern Thailand. So it is not surprise that Malays do not understand Polynesian language.
Wow! I'm from the outer islands of Palau. I was following along pretty much every single word. Some differences of course, but sounds pretty similar. Some of them I didn't even have to guess. I recognized the word upon hearing it as if it was said in my language with an accent lol. Like the word for fire "afi". In my language it's "yafi". Tangi (cry) mata (eye) is the same spelling, same word. Angi (wind) becomes "yangi" I also speak the main Palauan language so if a word doesn't correspond with my native toungue, it does the Palauan language. This is pretty cool.
Palauan is the one with the strangest word evolution. like *sakit -> rakt *kaen -> kain, kaon, kaun, kan, kai, but Palauan; kal -> menga, milenga, kma, killii, kollii, omeka, keka, kla, etc.
I’m jarai which is in Vietnam or French called us Montagnard which people of the mountains or little people Our language is related to these also Fire - Apui Wind - angin Sick - ruă akŏ Pig- Bui count number from 1 to 10 1-sa 2-dua 3- klâo 4- pa 5-rơma 6- năm 7-tơjuh 8-sapăn 9- dua-păn 10- Pluh
These are basic travel and trade words - the kind where even today one would bring in a foreign phrase book to get by on an overseas or foreign trip. Sharing these basic limited numbers of words DONT make a language group on its own - which is why I reiterate over and over that the linguistic terms Malayo Polynesian and Austronesian are overbroad and try to include the kitchen sink of languages. Not.
When I was learning Tagalog. I clearly heard a relationship with Hawaiian, Indonesian, Rapa Nui and Malagasy. I'm also a Dutch and Spanish speaker. I can hear a few Dutch words in Indonesian. I hear a lot of Spanish in Cebuano, sometimes enough for me to understand it. Not as much Spanish in Tagalog, but still quite a bit. I met a Spanish speaking friend on a jeepney in Manila and we were speaking Spanish. The other passengers were asking each other what Filipino Language we were speaking?
After reading Robert Blust's 900 page opus on the Austronesian languages, I decided that if I was living my life over, I would be a professor of Austronesian linguistics- although I only know Indonesian and some Toba Batak and Māori. Fascinating info in the videos on this channel: I never guessed the connection between leher and reo, or between lidah and korero.
Oh I know how you feel. I only started (to my embarrassment) dipping my toe in Blust's research about 5 years ago. There are apparently lots of cognates hidden by all kinds sound changes but yes, the connections are still there.
Some dialects of Madagascar have "añina" (angin) and "tañy" (tangis), but the Highlanders prefer to use "rivotra" (ribut) for wind and "tomany" (t-om-any) for cry. Since the Merina dialect lost the ñ or gn consonants, the word "tany" (tangis) may not be distinguished from "tany" (tanah 'earth, ground'), so "tomany" is more common in the highlands.
I was pretty amazed by the fact that he even found "tany" for the word "cry" which I had to think for a moment before realizing "tany" and "tomany" actually share the same root word.
In Samoan and Tongan when we want to sound more formal we will say Aku(mine or me) Also in Tongan when we say a hospital the word is Fale Mahaki(House for the sick) S and H are often interchangeable in polynesian cultures as you pointed out
@@BarHawa Hm maybe? in our old mythology we call the god of the sea TAGAROA our neighboring tribe the sangih people call him tagharuang but the difference is that for us he is a god of the sea and for them he is the ghost that tricks sailors. Tagaroa nowdays is barely known anymore because most of our people chose to live in the mountains. We also call him Tagaroa i Matua with Matua meaning old but it is used as a title of respect that can be given to parents, ancestors, and gods. I also noticed a few other words in polynesian languages that are similar to our words like fenua, manu and langi/rangi In minahasan we have the word banua/wanua/vanua which means land or village Manuk which means chicken And langit/langi' which means sky And our numbers are similar Esa, Rua, Telu, Epat, Lima, Enem, Pitu, Walu, Siaw, Sangapulu.
@@akar-ex3xj Matua is the same in Polynesian. We say Tangaloa Langi because we believe he's in the sky, you're spot on with those other connections too. We have the same roots ♥️
@@BarHawa thats very interesting! And yes I agree we have the same roots but I belive you might find more connection with the tribes of the Philippine because the people of minahasa came from the philippines with boats in ancient times and brought Tagaroa with them. Also what do you call coconut over there? ❤
Came here to learn about Austronesian. And all of a sudden,, my native language Faroese gets a shout out. Very nice. Great video. I will be watching more of them. - Personally, I would love to learn an Austronesian language or even a few. Some that interest me are Chamorro, Malagasy, various languages of Vanuatu like Vurës, and Malay-Indonesian. Samoan and Fijian are interesting too.
12:30 Filipino here, although mata means eye in Filipino, we still use mata ng hangin or mata ng bagyo (typhoon) as the position of the storm (not its direction)
Philippines have over 180+ languages. I'm Manila born and speak Tagalog. My Mom is Visayan born and speaks Visayan She can be on the phone for 1 hour speaking in Visayan and I have no idea what she's talking about Completely different languages
Coast of Papua New Guinea coastal Austronesian tribes populated the coasts. Motu language Fire : Lahi eyes: mata toi: one rua: two Many more words it’s fascinating.
Being a Polynesian māori i can faintly understand Tongan, samoan, Hawaiian and rapa nui, Tahiti, our languages are just so similar, especially rapa nui and aotearoa(new zealand) so similar i can speak my native language māori in rapa nui and have a conversation in two different languages and understand each other
I worked on a fishing boat (catching & processing, so, fairly large) with an international crew. We had one Tongan guy, 2-3 Samoans, and one Hawaiian man. Even though they didn’t know eachother before, a social clique developed with those guys having different fabric worn in the galley, and they could understand eachother: especially the Hawaiian guy. He was older, and because he was so respectable & respected, I wouldn’t be surprised if he knew the “High Hawaiian” spoken by upper/ruling class Hawaiians. This totally blew my mind because of the distance of the islands and also because we were never taught about Amerikan Samoa in public school in the Continental USA-
Quasi-related (because this didn’t come from my island friends, it came from a magazine article) : I read about people from Hawaii and Tonga going to visit an old tattoo grandmother on Fiji or maybe the Philippines to obtain the old proper tattoos because she was still alive and still did things the old way. I’m super interested because she was soooooo far away and being an outsider (an American of Irish ethnicity) I don’t think I’m allowed to be told about the tattoos full significance. But, family stuff that would be understood on somebody’s home island being inked by a master on a far away island is super fascinating. I worked in Taiwan for a few years, and learned of local peoples’ face tattoos and I’m super interested in that, also (because of their brave resistance to Japanese colonialism, and because many have retained their languages even though Taiwan’s demography changed to 98% Hahn Chinese). I looked at boats everywhere on Taiwan. I saw canoes, and I saw flat-bottom dories (built differently than our New England skiffs), but I did not see the outrigger canoes that the Polynesians are famous for. I looked though, and it’s something I WANTED to see (because I love learning about this sort of thing).
@@miahconnell23I believe the old tattooing lady you’re referring to is Apo Whang Od. I haven’t heard of any Polynesians visiting her, but many Filipinos have, both from within the Philippines and abroad. Outrigger canoes aren’t an ancestral proto-Austronesian innovation, but rather a malayo-Polynesian one which is a ‘daughter’ branch of the Austronesian family. Malayo-Polynesians basically encompass all the Austronesian languages outside of Taiwan, with proto malayo-Polynesian likely being spoken in the Batanes strait and northern Philippines. It’s here where the outrigger canoe design likely originated.
@@TheBronJaime Thank you: you have filled in knowledge on me that was missing (on me) because I was scrambling, reading whatever I could when possible: anything that lined up with the things my friends taught me. When I went to Asia, I was was asked by an education minister to bring in and show American pedagogical methods & subjects wherever possible. Some local teachers thought / or said/ (or expressed through reticence): “I don’t want to spend time on the cultural and language migrations of black folks, white folks, or other folks. I know you were asked to prepare the students’ language and manners to be decent out abroad, but (I / we ) local teachers do not expect 99% of these students to go abroad at all.” So, I could sense many of the local teachers feeling: “stop teaching about America and Africa: none of these kids are going there.” The students didn’t have that attitude at all, only a bunch of adult staff members. So, I got the idea to show the Seediq Bale movie, because it touches upon many issues regarding colonization & resistance and it takes place on Taiwan. Similar to United States Schools, there isn’t enough history taught about First People, First Nations, but official curriculum does call for *some*, not zero. So, the “people-ing” out of Taiwan theory comes up. At first, it was on one ethnographer’s page, but now I see that exact map everywhere. And I’d WANT to see outrigger canoes on Taiwan’s East Coast, and even though I’d go look in-person, I didn’t see any. Single-hulled canoes in red, black, and white, yes: but not boats with outrigger-design. I can understand [and now must promise myself to be mindful ! ] how some scholars disingenuously hold onto research that’s congruent with what they want to discover while not incorporating information that doesn’t fit with their desired results. So, the dates and directional arrows are maybe, possibly (?) correct on the increasingly popular “out of Taiwan” map, but a critical piece: *making outrigger boats* with careful extra thought (examples: leeward side of trees vs windward side of trees + putting materials in water to see which side naturally wants to go “up” before carving…) I suppose nobody ever told the scholar who started work on that map of any obligation to put “before voyaging canoes” and “after voyaging canoes” on his map/timeline. Or, perhaps the premise could be wrong 🤷♀️… (I was under the impression that it was theory, and not accepted fact…I think what you’re telling me is “that came later.” And going to a different island to get tattoo’d: that’s something I read in a magazine way back in 1995, so I’ll trust you on it. Thank you for kindly imparting knowledge: I’ve seen quite a lot of angry comments in comments sections on videos about whom went where at what time. For my own language (Celtic Irish language that existed-and still exists a little-not English) I feel a little saddened that language has been so close to “non-existence” for generations, even with some governmental and private education programs to keep it alive…
@@miahconnell23 all good mate, but yeah although the initial expansion of Austronesian speakers was out of Taiwan, from what I’ve read the outrigger canoes found in much of SEA, the pacific and Madagascar were in innovation likely originating in the northern Philippines/ Batanes strait. Some of these migrants circled back to Taiwan and there have been reports of outrigger canoes in southern Taiwan I believe. d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47334992/Blench_Bali_PMP-libre.pdf?1468883022=&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSplitting_up_proto_Malayopolynesian_new.pdf&Expires=1687920769&Signature=S11jehnFgP-5Oq-i4PmbpNSrgclVxXvi72ZGrfPtJToWShmjfREJ~kwd8OxX6JDSmK2EltYJaYty-fzyyDoE~gKu76-h42gr6hTtTlOYCIr2hdFQJm-xJNQGM9TL0e80Z46Yr-MYK-FlGmY9paJ9teNkWeYJYdGyk9qxUfRnZ9f3XBBWdOS61~jHFUD7Bgo~McHu5hdZHtCzVmx73P3HfW8tCH-VOsNn1ogT-~wuVmhyzm3mIkArNuD4G~gTe7aEd6Via-Qa7uC59koHw4EkFqd-g7J-k9Dinc9JRdX1b5uHX2yGI0rZ4Jf8B-doxe82Gf1Dehh7ZlafmXyfOSO~Tg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA This paper here provides some insights into the expansion.
to say "i am sick" in tagalog, we would say "may sakit ako" which translates to: "i have a sickness". "masakit" is an adjective, so it means "painful". "masakit ako" thus kinda translates to "i am painful", which is very strange 😅 but yes, "sakit" is definitely a cognate among austronesian languages!
As a Japanese, I surmise that the ancient Japanese language is a hybrid of Austronesian, Han-Sino, and Altaic (not the best accurate term) languages. The word for fire is “hi” (short vowel sound, not the English greeting), which is only one syllable short of “ahi”. Thanks for this great videos and the others!
Look at the geography,it make sense why many Austronesian languages speakers can’t or partially understand each other.The native speakers live on islands,causing them to isolate & develop differently from other Austronesian languages
In Asi, spoken in some municipalities in Romblon, Philippines - we say "Masakit ako" when we are sick. However, the meaning changes when it is said in Filipino/Tagalog, it masakit means pain.
I mean, even the Romance languages couldn’t understand each other much, even though it’s only been a thousand years since the fall of the Roman empire. And that’s with them being next to each other and maintaining contact. So… it’s not that hard to believe.
Just a little bit of correction The correct form in tagalog: May sakit ako = I have pain/sickness Masakit is the verb or adjective form depending on how you construct a sentence to denote pain 1. Masakit tignan ang ginagawa niya (adjective form) = It's painful to see what he/she is doing 2. Masakit ang tiyan ko (verb form) = My stomach hurts Mata ng hangin is as you said, Eye of the wind. Direction of the wind will be hard to express in pure tagalog, We would say "Direksyon ng hangin" which has the word "Direksyon", a tagalog-transformed version of the spanish word "Direccion" I guess you can use "Paroroonan ng hangin" which loosely translates to "endpoint/direction of the wind" or someone can say "Paharap ang/yoong/iyong hangin (sa)" meaning "The wind is facing (towards) I speak the Laguna-flavor of tagalog so other dialects of tagalog specially Marinduqueno might have a closer translation since Marinduque tagalog directly came from Old Tagalog while other forms of tagalog had more evolutions through intrusion from (mainland and early mexican) spanish, (american) english, old malay and other philippine languages. Tangi in tagalog means sole or only as in the only one left. But still, this is a brilliant video. More power to you.
it is interesting how the spanish language influence tagalog, and that thing in the video comparing the languages from a great language family to its reconstructed ancestor language remids me of the comparison of english, spanish, russian, greek, irish, farsi and hindi to its reconstructed ancestor laguage called proto-indoeuropean.
All his errors is an evidence of how complicated Tagalog is in terms of grammar and sentence structure. Foreign people may find Indonesian/Malay easier while Tagalog can take them months or years to be fluent with the language.
In Tagalog, “Direction of the wind” in basic form is “Direksyon ng hangin”, Direksyon is derived from the Spanish “dirección”. But in more formal “pure Tagalog” form, we can say “Patutunguhan ng hangin”. Patutunguhan comes from the base word “Tungo” which means “goes to” in the sense of the word direction.
Filipino = direksyon ng hangin Tagalog = patutunguhan/dako ng hangin. Filipino has tagalog as the basis, but they're different in a way that tagalog doesn't use loan words from english and spanish. E.g. English = dictionary Spanish = diccionario Filipino = diksyunaryo Tagalog = talatinigan/talahulugan
I'm from Toba tribe on Sumatera. This is how we say: I'm sick = Marsahit Au. And how we say numbers: One = Sada Two = Dua Three = Tolu Four = Opat Five = Lima Six = Onom Seven = Pitu Eight = Walu Nine = Siya Ten = Sampulu
Another great video. You are quite right in your application of Maori words. Interestingly, for Maori like much of Polynesian, our origins are controversial with everyone expressing a pet theory. However, it is evidence such as this that cant be looked over and yet it is. Perhaps for lack of presentation, so thank you, e hoa.
Telu sounds similiar to the austronesian word for scrotum/balls,so in India-centric austronesian countries like Indonesia and Malaysia its replaced with tri/triga from sanskrit
Interesting . In malagasy "Mankany" means to go to a place or a direction . For example we say " mankany Frantsa aho" for " I go to Fance". I had no clue it had something to do with wind direction.
4:02 "I am sick" translated 'loosely' in Tagalog would be "may sakit ako" and that literally means, "I have an illness." You can say "ako'y (ako ay) may sakit" and that also is literally, "I have an illness", just in a passive voice. "May" is have "sakit" is pain/illness "ako" is I You can say "ako sakit", lit. "I [am] sick", but Filipino speakers would think you're talking in baby language.
@@changkwangoh we also use that but that's more like a slang, at least in Manila-Tagalog. I'm not sure if that's the case for other Tagalog dialects such as what's used in Batangas. Me sakit ako May sakit ako
Slight correction I am sick. - May sakit ako. (Literally, I have sickness.) masakit - painful The ma- prefix in tagalog predominantly means "filled with". I also highly commend your accent in saying "masakit". You used a "k" allophone in Tagalog that you'll only hear in between vowels. The voiceless velar fricative /x/. I'm not sure tho if the "k" allophone is also heard in dialects of Tagalog outside Metro Manila. I heard that same "k" allophone, tho, in another language of the Philippines called Kapampangan.
Javanese has the same case too like Tagalog. We have that ma prefix too in our language. In the old days we say sick and fear is "masakit" and "matakut" but now it changed to "lara" and "wedi" and I don't know why it changed so different from the ancient one🤔
Interesting. I’m Filipino who speaks Japanese. I recently just learned that the Japanese word for “scary/scared” 怖い kowai can mean “painful” in certain dialects.
The phrase "Masakit ako" that was used was right, it is just one way of translating "I'm sick" or "I'm in pain" in Filipino. People got confused as we commonly use sentences such as "Ako'y may sakit" (formal way of saying and more often used on text books or speeches), and "May sakit ako" (more casual way of saying in a conversation), it's perfect example.
Being Filipino American, when I speak, Ilocano, Tagalog people cannot understand me at all. And it’s funny because we’re from the same island in Luzon in the Philippines.
@@hirayamanawari3583 I know there are more than 2 languages in Luzon, but as a Fil-Am, I only come across Pinoys who usually speak either and sometimes Visaya. Sino aya kinka ti nga ng’y baga nga haan ko nga ammo? Maka pakatawa aya??? Haan na’k nga aramiden nga Tanga no sika ti awan ammo na. Ada pay laeng kabagi’ak jai Luzon, sa no mapan ak, ti daduma nga tao, Tagalog wen no Ilocano sao da. Urai no sabali, suruan da ti pa ng sao me.
@@JsnGallardo maybe they could not understand you even you speak ilokano to them coz ilokano has also its own dialects. Like what Tagalog have like Batangueñong Tagalog, Manileñong Tagalog, Bulacueñang Tagalog, Caviteñong Tagalog, Catanduanes na Tagalog, etc., it varies where you from. Ilokano language has it also, from Highlands to lowlands, to northern to southern. It applies to all languages here in the Philippines. And maybe you have a bit of accent when you speak so they couldn't understand you, or maybe you're talking to wrong people that you expected them to speak your language that you know. You know what makes me mad about your comment, it is because you make fun of them, you expect them that they know your language since you are from the same island of Luzon when in fact in Luzon alone, there's a bunch of languages existed from a single island. Luzon is still a big island, when you know the history how people developed their own language then that might be change your views. I'm actually from the mainland PH and I know at least 5 languages here. So, don't make any sh*t about the country.
As for tangis, northern Philippine languages tend to interchange the "s" and "t" or even merge them into "t" Central Philippine language (southern part of luzon and visayas islands) - Northern Philippine language (northern part of luzon island) tangis - Tagalog, sangit - ilocano usa ka gatos - Cebuano, sangagasut - Ilocano masakit - Tagalog, matakit - Ibanag As for leher and leeg, it's the g - r - y - l sound change new bago - Tagalog, bag-o - Cebuano, bayu - Kapampangan, baro - Ilocano, balo - Pangasinan, baru - Bahasa Indonesia night gabi - Tagalog, gabii - Cebuano, yabi - Sambal, rabii - Ilocano, labi - Pangasinan blood dugo - Tagalog, dugo - Cebuano, daya - Kapampangan, dara - Ilocano and Bahasa Indonesia
Tangis in Indonesia mean cry Menangisi, to cry over ___ Menangis, crying And for blood, we use Darah with H in the end, because Dara means pigeon or in old time it refers to virgin girl.
Filipino shouldn’t be “masakit ako” since it would literally translate to “I am painful”. Would be more apt to say “May sakit ako” which means “I have (a) pain/sickness”. But I get the connection though
Hi, this video is awesome! Salut to you for this. I am Indonesian, originally from Maluku (Central Malayo Polynesian group), and basically am in the quest to recover the extinct language of Maluku (The Moluccan People), especially Around Seram island and Ambon. Do you have any references for this sub group. As Dutch Era had completely cost the language to die out to the verge of complete extinction. Would be highly appreciated if you could shed light or personally be in touch regarding this matter. I know this is not going to be easy to find subgroup, especially the ones who have almost died out. Thank you very much. Appreciation !!!!
interesting you should do more coverage on micronesian languages, Yapese, Palauan, Chamorro, Chuukese, Kosraean, Pohnpeian, Marshallese, Gilbertese, Nauruan
A video on the oceanic Micronesian languages would be very interesting, considering yapese isn’t closely related to any Micronesians language and groups closer with the admiralty languages in Papua New Guinea
i'm not sure about "mata ng hangin" as a used phrase in tagalog, but it is grammatically correct, and your translation is also right: it means "eye of the wind". sounds very poetic in tagalog!
Cool video! Just comments on stuff I saw (I know other commenters already pointed it out but I just wanted to summarize it lol): 1. In Tagalog, "I'm sick" is "May sakit ako" (I have sickness), not "masakit ako" (literally means "I am painful"). 2. As a Tagalog speaker, the phrase "mata ng hangin" has no directional meaning. It's just literally "eye of the wind", but no one would say that. Excited for more Austronesian videos!
Sakit (illness) in Filipino is more of a noun rather than a condition so we do not say “masakit ako”. Instead we say “May sakit ako” which literally means “I have an illness.” Sakit can also mean “pain” so if you say “masakit ako” for me it sounds like “i am painfull” which is a weird thing to say unless you want to mean something like “i am painfull to others” or something.
I remember Iban is Malayic language, they use Apa Berita or Nama Berita, Berita=Khabar, Berita in Malay/Indonesia mean news, before arabic loanword is apa berita, or in slang, apa cerita or pa cerite/cerito mean what the story. it interesting. Iban have very least loanword because they are not hindu nor muslim, but in late 18th century they convert to Christianity. so Iban have pure form of malayic.
Oh nice in Iloko/Ilokano we have the word masarsarita which is word of streets/news. Like "Ana ti masarsarita" which means "What is the news". "Surat" means write in my language and "sarita" means speak or word.
@@solidpas761 Surat is a city in North West India. Surat in Sanskrit means a peaceful tranquil earthly place. KhobSurat in Hindi means lovely or beautiful. Surah in Arabic means letters. In Malay that what Surat mean.
Your thesis on wind correlation on culture and religion hits hard because that's what happened when I was told if the wind is cold or warm et cetera. Very nice and in-depth video!
I don’t about mata ng hangin, but we have a phrase mata ng bagyo (eye of a storm/hurricane). Also Filipino should “May sakit ako” (I’m sick) not “Masakit ako” (I’m painful, almost as if you’re threatening someone that you can hurt them real bad😂).
It is good analysis..yes some of SEA countries have got many influences from other languages...it because this countries is on the spot of shipping trade...maybe if you more digging in to the pure language (native language not their nation language) you will found the link of Austronesian language.
One of the more interesting questions I keep getting asked is "why are there so many sound changes in the Polynesian languages, especially those further east?" These languages lost all final consonant sounds and became very rich in vowels, many sounds were simplified or merged together with other sounds - "langit" became "lani' in Hawaiian, "rangi" in Maori, "ra'i" in Tahitian and "aki" or "ani" (depending on dialect) in Marquesan. While I don't have an answer that's 100% for certain, there are some theories: the Proto-Oceanic branch might have been in contact with a now-extinct pre-Austronesian language (or languages) spoken somewhere around Fiji, Tonga or Samoa that had a small consonant inventory and strict CVCV structure and this might have influenced their phonology. There are also theories about how perhaps sailing out in the open ocean might influence sounds - languages with more vowels and fewer consonants would make it easier for their speakers to call out to one another from their vaka, va'a, prahu etc. Anyone else have any interesting ideas?
Seems like that was already happening in east Indonesia, at least based off their modern forms. So maybe they met some people there before going on to Lapita? Also this pattern isn't seen as much in Micronesian land.
I think you put the points right. Also, Austronesian speakers tend to put stress at the second last syllable, this makes the last syllable less heard. Is it possible, too?
Even just for saying, we only have Malagasy in Madagascar (as a native language before colonization) and yet a lot of Merina people don't understand the dialect of the Bestileo or the Betsimisaraka, even If we speak the same language
But you do know that Madagascar used to be separate kingdoms back then before the king Andrianampoinimerina decided to unify the country, don't you? So each kingdom developped its own culture and its own "Malagasy" language. Plus, some linguists consider Malagasy not as a single language, but a constellation of different languages which diverged from a hypothetical single language. That is the reason why in fact none of the ethnicity in Madagascar speak the "authentical" Malagasy language. Even Merina, the basis of official Malagasy is considered to be a "variety" of Malagasy. For example, Sakalava, Merina, Betsimisaraka and Antandroy are considered separate languages by certain linguists due to their different vocabulary, grammar and sound changes. Try to listen to Kibushi (spoken in Mayotte) which is also a Malagasy dialect/language to see that Malagasy is not a single language and that not all varieties Malagasy are mutually intelligible.
@@minimani6535 Good if you know it. 😊 But what I meant is that Malagasy has the same problem as Chinese. Some linguists say that Chinese too is not a single language, it is a constellation of variants as diverge as Romance languages, just like Malagasy.
This is fantastic. My masterʻs thesis was a comparative analysis of Te Reo Māori against other Austronesian languages, focussing on the use of respectful languages (language, or way of speaking used with/for people of respect & varying degrees of rank). One thing I discovered/realised whilst doing my research, mutual intelligibility is a lot easier if you have a large vocabulary. For example, the word ‘maki’ (sick), is commonly used in Polynesian languages, but not in NZ (Māori), where ‘māuiui’ is used most. ‘Matangi’ is another example of that, where most Māori speakers will use ‘hau’, for wind. Perhaps the word ‘hau’ may have come from ‘hangin’? Iʻm fortunate to be a native Māori speaker and studied multiple Polynesian languages, so I have above average vocab, which makes it easier for me pick up what people are saying in most Austronesian languages & dialects.
I do want to add, Te Reo Māori speakers of NZ find it more difficult understanding Cook Island Māori speakers, even though technically, they are dialects of the same language. This is because the NZ dialects, 1. use old or obsolete words in the common tongue, that might exist only in poetic or liturgic language in most parts of the Cook Islands, and also 2. have strict grammar rules & use different sentence structures compared to the Cook Island dialects. At the same time, a Cook Island Māori speaker is more likely able to converse easily with Tahitian and Hawaiian speakers, as their grammar is almost identical, allowing for some word & pronunciation variations. Itʻs all fascinating stuff (says the language nerd).😄
Interesting, but one should note that the common ancestor of Tagalog and Hawaiian was 5000 years ago, which is about the same as Northwestern Indo-European (the hypothetical ancestor to Germanic and Italic lamguages) was spoken. Calling the two languages _closely_ related should be taken with a grain of salt.
I guessnit depends on how one defines those terms. Sometimes closely related refers to languages where a family can be reasonably proven, while far/distantly related is more about one can't really prove it, but one has hints that they might be related. But yes I agree with you
We use mata ng bagyo which is eye of the storm, but never mata ng hangin, as far as I know. Batangas Tagalog would have Direksyon ng Hangin, which is a mix of Spanish and Tagalog.
The one word in all Austronesian languages is hard evidence we're related. 'Lima' also said as 'Rima', 'E lima' or any other variation, is the number five in all of the Austronesian languages.
*most of the Austronesian languages. Only a few evolved the reconstructed form from Proto-Austronesian, which is *Raseb. lima came via *qalima, meaning hand
The only reason why the proto-Austronesian has just been so mangled and intertwined is because of so many foreign forces and influences like the Arab seafarers pre-dating the colonial era, influencing the Indonesian archipelago with their language and culture and the Spanish in the Philippines, the Portuguese and Han Chinese in Taiwan, and the English and other European super powers in Melanesia, Polynesia and Micronesia, the list goes on.
Didn't know the Portuguese influenced Taiwan. I only know of indonesia and later timor, which explains why modern Tetun has a lot of loanwords from Portuguese, as a parallel to the filipinic branch of austronesian having many spanish loanwords
I am sick in Filipino is usually said as "May sakit ako." which translates to "I have a sickness." Saying "Masakit ako." would mean something like "I am painful." Afterall, sakit means both pain and sickness in Filipino.
I speak Malay, and Kadazandusun, i notice that the word "what" is different which is "apa"in malay and "onu" or "nunu" in kadazandusun which is the same as most austronesian langauge here in Sabah such as "Anu" which is used in the sabahan malay dialect which also means "what". Tagalog also says "Ano" for "what". Is there any similarity between "apa" and "onu, nunu, anu, ano"? I also notice that at 19:13 you didnt include tagalog "Ano" for similarity for the "what".
"Anu" also exists in Malay language, not as directly as "what" but almost means "what" because it is used for calling person, thing etc. without the intention (or caused by forgetfulness) to call his/her/its name. Sentence examples: 1- "...ada seorang perempuan engkau tebus pada tahun anu-anu pada bulan anu, maka engkau ceraikan antara ibu dan anaknya." 2 - 'Maka kata Bendahara perempuan, "Destar anu itulah yang patut." ' 3 - "Si anu nak datang."
@@tuah007 in Tagalog, too. We also find ourselves using Ano to address somebody without using his name. "Hoy, ano"....( literally ' hey, what' hahaha )
As a Filipina and Tagalog speaker. My country has over 180 languages with 17 million tribes. It’s widely diverse. I can’t understand most of the other 179 languages, except a few dialects like for example, basic phrases in bicolano and many phrases. Even Filipino appearances vary in each region. I understand there might be other influences from mainland Asian countries but still. But the rest they have not only different languages but different cultures in the Philippines. Going from Manila to Cebu already felt like I went to another country.
@ Annd??? Just sharing my opinion?? if I don’t understand other Filipinos with mutually unintelligible languages, how much do I not understand Indonesians? How much more would I not understand people from the other side of the world even farther from me? I guess it’s my main point. The evolution and development of languages in isolation. Even cultures developed on their own depending on where you are. The Philippines had trade with chinese, thais, Indians, Arabs, etc. which led to our further evolution. I’m even impressed by the diversity of Pacific Island languages and how different Micronesian languages and Melanesian languages from Poly languages, especially chuukese language.
The video addresses larger linguistic concepts. Language families and other classifications. You can benefit from learning how languages are classified in linguistics and applying that to the myriad languages and dialects of the Philippines.
This is interesting, I'd like to know more the history of my Austronesian ancestor. I'm native speaker of Javanese, Bahasa Malaysia and Indonesia. Keep it going, good job!
Thanks for the excellent content Brian.I also watched your presentation on the Polyglot Conference and got more motivated to learn Indonesian. I also loved the examples with Germanic languages, because I thought weird that the word for married is ¨gift ¨ but can understand the meaning well.When I learned German I could never understand why Gift meant ¨poison¨. Regarding what you said about ¨Plattdeutsch¨, I guess it's closely related to Dutch since it is, as far as I remember, spoken in regions close to the Netherlands. I would love to ser a series on Aboriginal languages, because they speak language I am really interested in. However, I have read somewhere that they are related to the Tamil people. If that's the case, are their languages related to Tamil? 我在等你的下個的視頻！！謝謝！！
Muito obrigado, どうもありがとうございました Julio-san! I'm preparing a series on two Australian Aboriginal languages :) And yes there is a possible ancient connection with India but it was probably a very long time ago. Their languages are not related, as far as modern linguists can prove but the phonology is very similar. 謝謝！
@@piedpiper5687 No, it's just usually rich people and some internet users who boast and claim that they're Spanish. Vast majority really don't care about this stuff.
@@piedpiper5687 literally no one says we are Spanish in the Philippines lol, only the rich kids whose parents are oligarchs say that, they've been oligarchs since the 1800s
If you think about it, Malay is like the "English" of Austronesian languages. Only the core basic vocabulary is still Austronesian, but the majority of our language has borrowed words from other languages (mostly Sanskrit, Arabic and English). I guess you could say the same thing for Tagalog, but with Spanish loanwords.
@@locksmith3208 Malay used to have a complex grammar structure during the times of Malacca, but it has been simplified over time (it's kinda like how English used to have a complex Germanic grammar system but has simplified over time).
@@HarisCountrysyeah but he was saying that in Philippines, the language maintained yhe complex grammar structure.. Nagkasakit- is having illness Masakit- Is painful Sumasakit- is (ongoing) painful May sakit- have/has illness or have a sickness Magkakasakit- Will be sick Magkakasakitan- Will hurt (someone or each other) Nagkasakitan- did hurt (someone else or each other) Magkasakitan - hurting (someone else or each other) sakit- root word for pain,sick, illness SEE? Just adding a suffix and a prefix and even something in the middle could change the whole meaning of the root word "sakit"
In Tagalog we also say "ano ang balita?" Meaning what's the news when speaking with someone casually/we are close with. It came from ano=what and balita=news (from Sanskrit/Malay) but one can also say "maano ka?" which means "how are you?" but this was replaced by kumusta.
Maano? Does that consist of two words "ma" for suffix and "ano" which means "what" in Tagalog? Kind of remind me of Eastern Minangkabau dialect word "ba'apo" which means "How". However most of us shortens it into "ba'a".
@@YusufMandailing yes "ma-" is prefixed in ano. "Ma-" is a stative prefix which means it indicates a state of a thing so prefixing ma with ano=what, gives maano (lit. In what state) so "maano ka?" means "how are you?" (Literally in what state are you). Maano ka is now obsolete and was replaced by the Spanish loanword kumusta. Now to say how in general we use "paano". Causative "pa-" prefix is attached to ano to give paano. We used it as "paano natin makukuha Yan?" (how can we get it?). How do you use "ba'apo"? I believe it can be cognate with maano and paano
@@louieangellacaba7883 for example "ba'apo kaba?" which means "how are you?". Or "ndak ba'apo do" which means "it's fine/alright". The word "ba'apo" is mostly used in the eastern Minangkabau region like Sijunjung, Kuansing, Tanah Datar, Limapuluh Kota, Kampar and Rokan. However, most of Minangnese would just shorten it to "ba'a".
Ainu word for fire is ape which is close to hapuy and has been one of the reasons why people make the connection between austronesian and ainu language
Ainus are of haplogroup D which is one of the ancient or early lineages that came out of Africa. The other famous haplogroup D peoples are the black tribes in islands south of India.
If you're in Jakarta the capital city, drive 2 hours away in any direction and they already speaks entirely different language. It's not a dialect that most foreigners taught, an entirely different language and culture. That's how diverse Indonesia is.
To understand the hundreds of Austronesian language. U need to first understand the land bridge of the Sunda stage. Now it is under water and previously known in 1800s before British colonisation as Malay sea, now known as south china sea.
A native Hawaiian told me that the Hawaiian language is actually mostly made up and not the true original language. She's actually a real Hawaiian. Not the Filipino or Japanese kine 😂 But she said she is jealous that the rest of Polynesia still have the native language.
Just a small thing. We haven't used the name Irian Jaya for two decades now, as it was an exonym with negative political connotations. The region may now be referred to simply as Indonesian Papua. For the sick part, even though aku sakit is technically the proper wording, I feel like I would colloquially be inclined to say sakit gua, or lagi sakit gua. My impression is that putting the subject at the end is more colloquial and more expressive, while putting the subject first is more rigid, prescriptive, and mechanical. But either way is fine. I don’t think Bahasa Indonesia’s sentence structure is that strict outside of formal situations. In fact, I notice I tend to reverse whatever the standard sentence structure is supposed to be.
"Pain" in Indonesian, Tagalog or Malaysian is "sakit" or "masakit". It's pretty similar. But in Javanese it's "Lara" (Pronounced as "loro"). And in Sundanese, pain is "Nyeuri". "Fire" in bahasa Indonesia/Malaysia is "api", But in Javanese is "geni" And in Sundanese in "Seuneu". How non national Indonesian languages like Javanese (my father's native language) and sundanese (my mother's native language) are mostly different from Malaysian, tagalog and other Austronesian languages or bahasa Indonesia itself? I'm also confused to know if Austronesian languages across dozens of countries have language similarities But at the same time i realized that Javanese, Sundanese and bahasa Indonesia (3 of Indonesian language i know) is mostly different from each other.
Fire in filipino is apoy. In my filipino dialect it is sunog. So the trend is as you go down other tribee omit some letters or sounds to make it easier for their tongue. So i guess the filipino text books now should be revised. As we are all taught our ancestors came from indonesia or malaysia but seeing this language trends and dna samples its all in reverse
@@vantatilfly This means, Prehistoric Pilipinos already have their own languages for over 60,000 years ago or even older?😳 Therefore, Formosan and Indo-Malay are not Filipinos' ancestors but it's the opposite!😳
So is Bahasa, kasalahan means crime. In Tagalog, kasalahan means something like "mistakeness" or how much you miss. Sala can mean sin or miss. Sin can be said as Kasalanan.
It is very interesting... in 14:27 you mentioned Waitangi literaly means Water(wai) Cry (tangi) in Maori languages. I recognized that in Lampung language in South Sumatra have same word, Wai, and it means River.
The argument that we can't understand each other therefor our languages aren't related is as stupid as saying English and German aren't related because they are unintelligible to each other.
What you expect from a country separated by seas for hundreds or not thousand of years, without any contact to each other. Its gonna be a miracle if they still speak the same language. Even each island have different language and accent in Indonesian, nah Even each region sometimes doesn't understand each other's language even though it's still on the same island
The more I look at it as a Polynesian the more I’m convinced we were from south east Asia. I just typed in random samoan words and compared them with random austronesian languages and almost always found words similar for example Pule and Pule In malay and Samoan. Many examples not just that but the foods and some cultural practices
Talofa lava! As someone who speaks Malay and learning Samoan for fun I can concur that Samoan language has the most similarities to Malay language than any other Polynesian language. Also yes you’re quite right in terms of culture similarities. For example the story of Teine Sa and its legends kind of similar to Malay’s old wives tale about women should not brush their hair in-front of the mirror at night😂 .. also Samoan women siva’s gestures so so similar to the general Malay dance hand movements.
@@anithamirahahamid1769 Samoan here,kinda shocked to see a Malay native speaker picking up on ours. Thanks for sharing! It's amazing to see our similarities and connection
04:42 "I am sick" in Tagalog is roughly translated as "I have sickness," which is "May sakit ako" or Mayroon akong sakit"....may/mayroon is the equivalent of "there is/there are"
Yes you are right as a Tahitian i saw a video were native tribe from Taïwan say also Mata for eyes just like us in Tahiti n lima for hands n we say rima n when they count i found some similars prononciation just 3 they say tulu we say toru or turu n some others that i can't remenber whith accuracy. N so much more
What you are describing are words that all humans have used and still use today for a) T R A V E L and b) T R A D E. For example, when you go on vacation to a foreign country you will need to be able to say a) bank b) taxi c) eat food d) beer) e) airport f) check please g) thank you h) hotel I) bathroom j) chicken k) beef l) soda …. Therefore, if you can see the genius of your forefathers - they learned numbers 1-10 and various words like I described and more or less based upon their needs interacting with travel and trade foreigners - Voila! Language anomalies do not the same people make -
@@JJ-cy9fdeyy! The schizophrenic guy who writes long essays... you still believe pacific islanders just magically exist from bottom of the ocean and people shouldn't celebrate how interconnected we are despite their differences?😂😂😂
If any one wants a clear simple example of how austronesians are all connected should look at how the numbers 1-10 are said in each language their all in general similar, some vaguely but most near identical.
@@languagestolearn8155 no problem. If it weren’t for experts, such as yourself, breaking down these words for us non-linguists I’d never be able to see the connections. Faafetai tele lava
Should we be trying to revive our old words to become mainstream? For example in Aotearoa I haven’t heard matangi we use the word hau to describe the wind although matariki is the constellation pleiades which comes from ngā mata o te ariki a Tāwhirimātea which means the eyes of the god Tāwhirimātea who is the god of the winds
To all Tagalog speakers, yes "Masakit ako" seems wrong. However, if we deconstruct this further, 'ma-' is same with the word 'may', meaning 'have or having'. On the other hand, if we say 'May ganda ako', meaning 'I have beauty' although it still makes sense, the more correct form is 'Maganda ako', meaning 'I am beautiful'.
In Chamorro, "ma" or "man" is an adjective indicator. "Malångu" to be sick, "malinao" ocean that is calm, "ma'åsen" to be salty. It's cool seeing the similarities
It is still an assumption to equate "ma-" with "may". The adjective prefix "ma-" indicates that something has an abundant, noticeable charactertistic while "may" simply just means that there is something or something exists. "Madahon" is different from "may dahon". "Madahon" is "leafy" while "may dayon" is "there's a leaf". This nuance is enough to prove that they are not related.
@@mountainrock7682 I guess you have a point. But I could argue that having an abundance of should have the prefix “napaka-“. Someone does not have to be very beautiful to be called “maganda”, super strong to be considered “malakas” and so on. But then again, I don’t think I’m in a position to claim these as facts since I am a mere enthusiast of Tagalog and Filipino languages.
Indonesian language " i am sick" = saya sakit (formal), aku sakit (nonformal) javanese language for "i am sick" = aku loro (nonformal), kulo gerah (formal) Osing language for "i am sick" = isun suloyo It's a normal thing that Indonesian speak 3 language which is two local language and the national language. If English included so we could speak four language
Although each particular region has a different dialectical variety, in general the FLORES people (INDONESIA) have at least 5 regional languages, namely : Lamaholot language, Sikka language, Ende/Lio language, Ngada language, Manggarai language.
It seems that the saying, the sea unites and the land divides, is very relevant to why interior languages of Southeast Asia such as the Batak, Dyak, Javanese languages are incomprehensible to let's say Malay or Indonesian. Though, is tht the real reason? Why do cognates exist between Malay and Polynesia, yet do not exist as much among the thousand of languages spoken in Nusantara?
the sea unites... first time i've heard of that. so beautiful and rings true. i've always suspected that south east asians are hospitable because of their imbibed maritime culture (e.g. helping others as if they were lost at sea, fishermen sharing their catch with other fishermen who are less lucky, etc).
Javanese language is most similar to Filipino local dialect of North Eastern Philippines - Ybanag. Example - "afi" is fire while "tangi" in ybanag is cry.
Indonesian/Malay and Northern Philippine languages retained a lot of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian words although Northern Philippine languages still have the traditional Austronesian grammar structure unlike Indo/Malay languages
Malay still has the ‘ma’ but it’s dropped for many contexts and has acquired variations. I mean, we kept it for all sorts - menyengat, meniru, mengancam. If we had kept it for sakit, it would become ‘Menyakit aku’. Idk if we ever said it that way, but we sure don’t anymore.
Even in its formal form, its still wrong. Reading the sentences in a structure from another branch language doesnt dictate its grammar rule because its the way it is.
Make sense. But Malay language has changed it's sentence structure to SVO (if it's ever VSO). Also speakers tend to say only root word, like 'dia jalan keliling kampung' instead of 'dia berjalan mengelilingi kampung' thus the sentence 'aku sakit' instead of 'menyakit/mensakit aku'.
Very educative!!!... greetings from Jakarta, Indonesia. Btw im half Javanese and half Minahasan (North Sulawesi), many Minahasan language have similarities with Tagalog
Even javanese and sundanese, a very neighboring language living in the same island, we can not understand one each other
Even Tagalog and Kapampangan people in the Philippines, that's only a few hours distance from one another, cannot understand each other. To be exact, the Kapampangan homeland is only two hours away from the Tagalog homeland.
😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊
As a half Javanese and half Sundanese, this is so true. I can only speak Javanese, so whenever my Sundanese family speak in their native language I was like, "this is Indonesia! SPEAK INDONESIAN!!"
Even the Malays sometimes can't understand each other.
I'm Riau Malay and my friend is Batubara Malay, having trouble communicating using ours respective Malay language.
"Gedang"
Javanese pointings at banana.
Sundanese pointings at papaya.
@@keongdarat7171 even here at the same city, Prabumulih, south Sumatera. There is two native languages, Rambang language and belido language. And it's still quite hard to understand each other language because of the word differencies. Not because the dialect, although some words my sounds similar.
I'm of Maori descent and speak Bahasa Indonesia- as soon as I saw the Cry slide my mind exploded hahah... why had I never connected the two!!?!
Me neither! I only had a suspicion when a Maori-speaking friend told me that "Waitangi" meant "Weeping Waters" and I immediately thought of the word "tangis" in Bahasa Malaysia and Indonesia. But that was very recently :)
TH-cam the LAPITA VOYAGE
By james wharrham
Halo saudaraku! Bagaimana kabarmu di Aotearoa? Semoga baik-baik saja :)
about the mata nu hangin, in filipino we normally say “direskyon ng hangin” with “direksyon” coming from the spanish word “dirección” meaning direction, however in more formal, pure tagalog, “mata ng hangin” also makes sense
I understood it as 'eye of the storm/typhoon'
mata ng bagyo is much understandable
Mata angin.
I am a Singaporean Malay. Many Malays in Singapore finds it hard to understand the Malay language spoken in Kelantan and Southern Thailand. So it is not surprise that Malays do not understand Polynesian language.
Wow! I'm from the outer islands of Palau. I was following along pretty much every single word. Some differences of course, but sounds pretty similar. Some of them I didn't even have to guess. I recognized the word upon hearing it as if it was said in my language with an accent lol.
Like the word for fire "afi". In my language it's "yafi". Tangi (cry) mata (eye) is the same spelling, same word. Angi (wind) becomes "yangi"
I also speak the main Palauan language so if a word doesn't correspond with my native toungue, it does the Palauan language. This is pretty cool.
Palauan is the one with the strangest word evolution. like *sakit -> rakt
*kaen -> kain, kaon, kaun, kan, kai, but Palauan; kal -> menga, milenga, kma, killii, kollii, omeka, keka, kla, etc.
Indonesia: fire = Api. Mata = Mata. Tangi = wake up (javanese), Angi = Angin.
It's crazy because different sub-branches of the language Palau officially not Asian
I’m jarai which is in Vietnam or French called us Montagnard which people of the mountains or little people
Our language is related to these also
Fire - Apui
Wind - angin
Sick - ruă akŏ
Pig- Bui
count number from 1 to 10
1-sa
2-dua
3- klâo
4- pa
5-rơma
6- năm
7-tơjuh
8-sapăn
9- dua-păn
10- Pluh
Tb9
These are basic travel and trade words - the kind where even today one would bring in a foreign phrase book to get by on an overseas or foreign trip. Sharing these basic limited numbers of words DONT make a language group on its own - which is why I reiterate over and over that the linguistic terms Malayo Polynesian and Austronesian are overbroad and try to include the kitchen sink of languages. Not.
based off of the spelling with the diacritics, is Jarai a tonal language?
@@JJ-cy9fdIf that's the case, why hasn't every single language just use the english numbering system?
Are the Chamic people speaking the same language and Jarai is one of its dialects or is it a different language from Cham?
When I was learning Tagalog. I clearly heard a relationship with Hawaiian, Indonesian, Rapa Nui and Malagasy. I'm also a Dutch and Spanish speaker. I can hear a few Dutch words in Indonesian. I hear a lot of Spanish in Cebuano, sometimes enough for me to understand it. Not as much Spanish in Tagalog, but still quite a bit.
I met a Spanish speaking friend on a jeepney in Manila and we were speaking Spanish. The other passengers were asking each other what Filipino Language we were speaking?
perhaps they thought you were speaking chavacano.
I'm really happy that someone is interested in austronesian languages. from Cebu, Philippines
After reading Robert Blust's 900 page opus on the Austronesian languages, I decided that if I was living my life over, I would be a professor of Austronesian linguistics- although I only know Indonesian and some Toba Batak and Māori. Fascinating info in the videos on this channel: I never guessed the connection between leher and reo, or between lidah and korero.
Oh I know how you feel. I only started (to my embarrassment) dipping my toe in Blust's research about 5 years ago. There are apparently lots of cognates hidden by all kinds sound changes but yes, the connections are still there.
Some dialects of Madagascar have "añina" (angin) and "tañy" (tangis), but the Highlanders prefer to use "rivotra" (ribut) for wind and "tomany" (t-om-any) for cry. Since the Merina dialect lost the ñ or gn consonants, the word "tany" (tangis) may not be distinguished from "tany" (tanah 'earth, ground'), so "tomany" is more common in the highlands.
In Chamorro, earth or land is “tano”
I was pretty amazed by the fact that he even found "tany" for the word "cry" which I had to think for a moment before realizing "tany" and "tomany" actually share the same root word.
In Samoan and Tongan when we want to sound more formal we will say Aku(mine or me)
Also in Tongan when we say a hospital the word is
Fale Mahaki(House for the sick)
S and H are often interchangeable in polynesian cultures as you pointed out
Im from Minahasa in North Sulawesi
And fale is very similar to bale/vale which means house!
And sick is masaki'/masakit
@@akar-ex3xj I think us Polynesians come directly from you. Because you guys also have the word Tangaloa for your god and so do we
@@BarHawa
Hm maybe?
in our old mythology we call the god of the sea TAGAROA
our neighboring tribe the sangih people call him tagharuang but the difference is that for us he is a god of the sea and for them he is the ghost that tricks sailors.
Tagaroa nowdays is barely known anymore because most of our people chose to live in the mountains.
We also call him Tagaroa i Matua with Matua meaning old but it is used as a title of respect that can be given to parents, ancestors, and gods.
I also noticed a few other words in polynesian languages that are similar to our words like fenua, manu and langi/rangi
In minahasan we have the word banua/wanua/vanua which means land or village
Manuk which means chicken
And langit/langi' which means sky
And our numbers are similar
Esa, Rua, Telu, Epat, Lima, Enem, Pitu, Walu, Siaw, Sangapulu.
@@akar-ex3xj Matua is the same in Polynesian. We say Tangaloa Langi because we believe he's in the sky, you're spot on with those other connections too. We have the same roots ♥️
@@BarHawa thats very interesting! And yes I agree we have the same roots but I belive you might find more connection with the tribes of the Philippine
because the people of minahasa came from the philippines with boats in ancient times and brought Tagaroa with them.
Also what do you call coconut over there? ❤
Came here to learn about Austronesian. And all of a sudden,, my native language Faroese gets a shout out. Very nice. Great video. I will be watching more of them. - Personally, I would love to learn an Austronesian language or even a few. Some that interest me are Chamorro, Malagasy, various languages of Vanuatu like Vurës, and Malay-Indonesian. Samoan and Fijian are interesting too.
12:30 Filipino here, although mata means eye in Filipino, we still use mata ng hangin or mata ng bagyo (typhoon) as the position of the storm (not its direction)
Philippines have over 180+ languages.
I'm Manila born and speak Tagalog.
My Mom is Visayan born and speaks Visayan
She can be on the phone for 1 hour speaking in Visayan and I have no idea what she's talking about
Completely different languages
He is talkinfg about tagalog
Im convinced the Phillipines was a spot where a lot of different voyaging societies made home
Coast of Papua New Guinea coastal Austronesian tribes populated the coasts. Motu language
Fire : Lahi
eyes: mata
toi: one
rua: two
Many more words it’s fascinating.
wow except for fire.
*Selamat Pagi*
Indonesian: Good Morning
Malaysian: Good Morning
Filipino/Tagalog: Thank You Stingray
You don’t need to say “Filipino/Tagalog” just “Tagalog
Being a Polynesian māori i can faintly understand Tongan, samoan, Hawaiian and rapa nui, Tahiti, our languages are just so similar, especially rapa nui and aotearoa(new zealand) so similar i can speak my native language māori in rapa nui and have a conversation in two different languages and understand each other
I worked on a fishing boat (catching & processing, so, fairly large) with an international crew. We had one Tongan guy, 2-3 Samoans, and one Hawaiian man. Even though they didn’t know eachother before, a social clique developed with those guys having different fabric worn in the galley, and they could understand eachother: especially the Hawaiian guy. He was older, and because he was so respectable & respected, I wouldn’t be surprised if he knew the “High Hawaiian” spoken by upper/ruling class Hawaiians. This totally blew my mind because of the distance of the islands and also because we were never taught about Amerikan Samoa in public school in the Continental USA-
Quasi-related (because this didn’t come from my island friends, it came from a magazine article) : I read about people from Hawaii and Tonga going to visit an old tattoo grandmother on Fiji or maybe the Philippines to obtain the old proper tattoos because she was still alive and still did things the old way. I’m super interested because she was soooooo far away and being an outsider (an American of Irish ethnicity) I don’t think I’m allowed to be told about the tattoos full significance. But, family stuff that would be understood on somebody’s home island being inked by a master on a far away island is super fascinating. I worked in Taiwan for a few years, and learned of local peoples’ face tattoos and I’m super interested in that, also (because of their brave resistance to Japanese colonialism, and because many have retained their languages even though Taiwan’s demography changed to 98% Hahn Chinese). I looked at boats everywhere on Taiwan. I saw canoes, and I saw flat-bottom dories (built differently than our New England skiffs), but I did not see the outrigger canoes that the Polynesians are famous for. I looked though, and it’s something I WANTED to see (because I love learning about this sort of thing).
@@miahconnell23I believe the old tattooing lady you’re referring to is Apo Whang Od. I haven’t heard of any Polynesians visiting her, but many Filipinos have, both from within the Philippines and abroad. Outrigger canoes aren’t an ancestral proto-Austronesian innovation, but rather a malayo-Polynesian one which is a ‘daughter’ branch of the Austronesian family. Malayo-Polynesians basically encompass all the Austronesian languages outside of Taiwan, with proto malayo-Polynesian likely being spoken in the Batanes strait and northern Philippines. It’s here where the outrigger canoe design likely originated.
@@TheBronJaime Thank you: you have filled in knowledge on me that was missing (on me) because I was scrambling, reading whatever I could when possible: anything that lined up with the things my friends taught me. When I went to Asia, I was was asked by an education minister to bring in and show American pedagogical methods & subjects wherever possible. Some local teachers thought / or said/ (or expressed through reticence): “I don’t want to spend time on the cultural and language migrations of black folks, white folks, or other folks. I know you were asked to prepare the students’ language and manners to be decent out abroad, but (I / we ) local teachers do not expect 99% of these students to go abroad at all.” So, I could sense many of the local teachers feeling: “stop teaching about America and Africa: none of these kids are going there.” The students didn’t have that attitude at all, only a bunch of adult staff members. So, I got the idea to show the Seediq Bale movie, because it touches upon many issues regarding colonization & resistance and it takes place on Taiwan. Similar to United States Schools, there isn’t enough history taught about First People, First Nations, but official curriculum does call for *some*, not zero. So, the “people-ing” out of Taiwan theory comes up. At first, it was on one ethnographer’s page, but now I see that exact map everywhere. And I’d WANT to see outrigger canoes on Taiwan’s East Coast, and even though I’d go look in-person, I didn’t see any. Single-hulled canoes in red, black, and white, yes: but not boats with outrigger-design. I can understand [and now must promise myself to be mindful ! ] how some scholars disingenuously hold onto research that’s congruent with what they want to discover while not incorporating information that doesn’t fit with their desired results. So, the dates and directional arrows are maybe, possibly (?) correct on the increasingly popular “out of Taiwan” map, but a critical piece: *making outrigger boats* with careful extra thought (examples: leeward side of trees vs windward side of trees + putting materials in water to see which side naturally wants to go “up” before carving…) I suppose nobody ever told the scholar who started work on that map of any obligation to put “before voyaging canoes” and “after voyaging canoes” on his map/timeline. Or, perhaps the premise could be wrong 🤷♀️… (I was under the impression that it was theory, and not accepted fact…I think what you’re telling me is “that came later.” And going to a different island to get tattoo’d: that’s something I read in a magazine way back in 1995, so I’ll trust you on it. Thank you for kindly imparting knowledge: I’ve seen quite a lot of angry comments in comments sections on videos about whom went where at what time. For my own language (Celtic Irish language that existed-and still exists a little-not English) I feel a little saddened that language has been so close to “non-existence” for generations, even with some governmental and private education programs to keep it alive…
@@miahconnell23 all good mate, but yeah although the initial expansion of Austronesian speakers was out of Taiwan, from what I’ve read the outrigger canoes found in much of SEA, the pacific and Madagascar were in innovation likely originating in the northern Philippines/ Batanes strait. Some of these migrants circled back to Taiwan and there have been reports of outrigger canoes in southern Taiwan I believe.
d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47334992/Blench_Bali_PMP-libre.pdf?1468883022=&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSplitting_up_proto_Malayopolynesian_new.pdf&Expires=1687920769&Signature=S11jehnFgP-5Oq-i4PmbpNSrgclVxXvi72ZGrfPtJToWShmjfREJ~kwd8OxX6JDSmK2EltYJaYty-fzyyDoE~gKu76-h42gr6hTtTlOYCIr2hdFQJm-xJNQGM9TL0e80Z46Yr-MYK-FlGmY9paJ9teNkWeYJYdGyk9qxUfRnZ9f3XBBWdOS61~jHFUD7Bgo~McHu5hdZHtCzVmx73P3HfW8tCH-VOsNn1ogT-~wuVmhyzm3mIkArNuD4G~gTe7aEd6Via-Qa7uC59koHw4EkFqd-g7J-k9Dinc9JRdX1b5uHX2yGI0rZ4Jf8B-doxe82Gf1Dehh7ZlafmXyfOSO~Tg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
This paper here provides some insights into the expansion.
to say "i am sick" in tagalog, we would say "may sakit ako" which translates to: "i have a sickness". "masakit" is an adjective, so it means "painful". "masakit ako" thus kinda translates to "i am painful", which is very strange 😅 but yes, "sakit" is definitely a cognate among austronesian languages!
In prakit , sakit means ill i think. We are out of Australia.
As a Japanese, I surmise that the ancient Japanese language is a hybrid of Austronesian, Han-Sino, and Altaic (not the best accurate term) languages. The word for fire is “hi” (short vowel sound, not the English greeting), which is only one syllable short of “ahi”. Thanks for this great videos and the others!
Aku sakit (Sub.+Verb) is the formal sentence structure, in spoken Malay, Sakit aku! is also common.
Look at the geography,it make sense why many Austronesian languages speakers can’t or partially understand each other.The native speakers live on islands,causing them to isolate & develop differently from other Austronesian languages
1 islan can have more than 2-4 duferent language
In Asi, spoken in some municipalities in Romblon, Philippines - we say "Masakit ako" when we are sick. However, the meaning changes when it is said in Filipino/Tagalog, it masakit means pain.
I mean, even the Romance languages couldn’t understand each other much, even though it’s only been a thousand years since the fall of the Roman empire. And that’s with them being next to each other and maintaining contact. So… it’s not that hard to believe.
Just a little bit of correction
The correct form in tagalog:
May sakit ako = I have pain/sickness
Masakit is the verb or adjective form depending on how you construct a sentence to denote pain
1. Masakit tignan ang ginagawa niya (adjective form) = It's painful to see what he/she is doing
2. Masakit ang tiyan ko (verb form) = My stomach hurts
Mata ng hangin is as you said, Eye of the wind.
Direction of the wind will be hard to express in pure tagalog, We would say "Direksyon ng hangin" which has the word "Direksyon", a tagalog-transformed version of the spanish word "Direccion"
I guess you can use "Paroroonan ng hangin" which loosely translates to "endpoint/direction of the wind" or someone can say "Paharap ang/yoong/iyong hangin (sa)" meaning "The wind is facing (towards)
I speak the Laguna-flavor of tagalog so other dialects of tagalog specially Marinduqueno might have a closer translation since Marinduque tagalog directly came from Old Tagalog while other forms of tagalog had more evolutions through intrusion from (mainland and early mexican) spanish, (american) english, old malay and other philippine languages.
Tangi in tagalog means sole or only as in the only one left.
But still, this is a brilliant video. More power to you.
it is interesting how the spanish language influence tagalog, and that thing in the video comparing the languages from a great language family to its reconstructed ancestor language remids me of the comparison of english, spanish, russian, greek, irish, farsi and hindi to its reconstructed ancestor laguage called proto-indoeuropean.
'Tangis' is visayan word for cry... and it's also an old tagalog word
All his errors is an evidence of how complicated Tagalog is in terms of grammar and sentence structure. Foreign people may find Indonesian/Malay easier while Tagalog can take them months or years to be fluent with the language.
In Tagalog, “Direction of the wind” in basic form is “Direksyon ng hangin”, Direksyon is derived from the Spanish “dirección”. But in more formal “pure Tagalog” form, we can say “Patutunguhan ng hangin”. Patutunguhan comes from the base word “Tungo” which means “goes to” in the sense of the word direction.
Filipino = direksyon ng hangin
Tagalog = patutunguhan/dako ng hangin.
Filipino has tagalog as the basis, but they're different in a way that tagalog doesn't use loan words from english and spanish.
E.g.
English = dictionary
Spanish = diccionario
Filipino = diksyunaryo
Tagalog = talatinigan/talahulugan
I'm from Toba tribe on Sumatera.
This is how we say:
I'm sick = Marsahit Au.
And how we say numbers:
One = Sada
Two = Dua
Three = Tolu
Four = Opat
Five = Lima
Six = Onom
Seven = Pitu
Eight = Walu
Nine = Siya
Ten = Sampulu
Sia gapake Y
Tongan
I am sick-puke au/mahaki au
1-taha
2-ua
3-tolu
4-fa
5-nima
6-ono
7-fitu
8-valu
9-hiva
10-hongofulu
Another great video. You are quite right in your application of Maori words. Interestingly, for Maori like much of Polynesian, our origins are controversial with everyone expressing a pet theory. However, it is evidence such as this that cant be looked over and yet it is. Perhaps for lack of presentation, so thank you, e hoa.
I like the far flung foraging gradual settlement hypothesis and not the single 7 waka settlement event hypothesis.
From madagascar to hawaii... all austronesians call 5(five) as lima and 3(three) as either tiga or telu
geng lima 🖐
Telu sounds similiar to the austronesian word for scrotum/balls,so in India-centric austronesian countries like Indonesia and Malaysia its replaced with tri/triga from sanskrit
@@ihavenojawandimustscream4681 is that telu related to telur (egg)?
in Philippines, 5=lima, 3=tatlo
@@luthfihadiyanfajri4003 only that they sound similar enough.
Interesting . In malagasy "Mankany" means to go to a place or a direction . For example we say " mankany Frantsa aho" for " I go to Fance". I had no clue it had something to do with wind direction.
I have to check the etymology but I think you may be right it might have some links to wind direction! Misaotra tompoko !
4:02 "I am sick" translated 'loosely' in Tagalog would be "may sakit ako" and that literally means, "I have an illness." You can say "ako'y (ako ay) may sakit" and that also is literally, "I have an illness", just in a passive voice.
"May" is have
"sakit" is pain/illness
"ako" is I
You can say "ako sakit", lit. "I [am] sick", but Filipino speakers would think you're talking in baby language.
“Me sakit,” not “may.”
@@changkwangoh we also use that but that's more like a slang, at least in Manila-Tagalog. I'm not sure if that's the case for other Tagalog dialects such as what's used in Batangas.
Me sakit ako
May sakit ako
Slight correction
I am sick. - May sakit ako. (Literally, I have sickness.)
masakit - painful
The ma- prefix in tagalog predominantly means "filled with".
I also highly commend your accent in saying "masakit". You used a "k" allophone in Tagalog that you'll only hear in between vowels. The voiceless velar fricative /x/. I'm not sure tho if the "k" allophone is also heard in dialects of Tagalog outside Metro Manila. I heard that same "k" allophone, tho, in another language of the Philippines called Kapampangan.
Javanese has the same case too like Tagalog. We have that ma prefix too in our language. In the old days we say sick and fear is "masakit" and "matakut" but now it changed to "lara" and "wedi" and I don't know why it changed so different from the ancient one🤔
@@阿里-m9h wow! In Tagalog, matakot is get scared/ be afraid.
Same in Malay we say aku sakit or saya sakit
Interesting. I’m Filipino who speaks Japanese. I recently just learned that the Japanese word for “scary/scared” 怖い kowai can mean “painful” in certain dialects.
The phrase "Masakit ako" that was used was right, it is just one way of translating "I'm sick" or "I'm in pain" in Filipino. People got confused as we commonly use sentences such as "Ako'y may sakit" (formal way of saying and more often used on text books or speeches), and "May sakit ako" (more casual way of saying in a conversation), it's perfect example.
Being Filipino American, when I speak, Ilocano, Tagalog people cannot understand me at all. And it’s funny because we’re from the same island in Luzon in the Philippines.
it's because luzon is not limited to one language. same as in mindanao and the island of panay in visayas. It's funny cause you didn't know.
@@hirayamanawari3583 I know there are more than 2 languages in Luzon, but as a Fil-Am, I only come across Pinoys who usually speak either and sometimes Visaya.
Sino aya kinka ti nga ng’y baga nga haan ko nga ammo? Maka pakatawa aya??? Haan na’k nga aramiden nga Tanga no sika ti awan ammo na. Ada pay laeng kabagi’ak jai Luzon, sa no mapan ak, ti daduma nga tao, Tagalog wen no Ilocano sao da. Urai no sabali, suruan da ti pa ng sao me.
@@JsnGallardo maybe they could not understand you even you speak ilokano to them coz ilokano has also its own dialects. Like what Tagalog have like Batangueñong Tagalog, Manileñong Tagalog, Bulacueñang Tagalog, Caviteñong Tagalog, Catanduanes na Tagalog, etc., it varies where you from. Ilokano language has it also, from Highlands to lowlands, to northern to southern. It applies to all languages here in the Philippines. And maybe you have a bit of accent when you speak so they couldn't understand you, or maybe you're talking to wrong people that you expected them to speak your language that you know.
You know what makes me mad about your comment, it is because you make fun of them, you expect them that they know your language since you are from the same island of Luzon when in fact in Luzon alone, there's a bunch of languages existed from a single island. Luzon is still a big island, when you know the history how people developed their own language then that might be change your views. I'm actually from the mainland PH and I know at least 5 languages here. So, don't make any sh*t about the country.
Tagalog and Kapampangan are just about 2 hours away from each other and mutually unintelligible, what more Ilocano which is way far north.
Maybe you have an accent?
As for tangis, northern Philippine languages tend to interchange the "s" and "t" or even merge them into "t"
Central Philippine language (southern part of luzon and visayas islands) - Northern Philippine language (northern part of luzon island)
tangis - Tagalog, sangit - ilocano
usa ka gatos - Cebuano, sangagasut - Ilocano
masakit - Tagalog, matakit - Ibanag
As for leher and leeg, it's the g - r - y - l sound change
new
bago - Tagalog, bag-o - Cebuano, bayu - Kapampangan, baro - Ilocano, balo - Pangasinan, baru - Bahasa Indonesia
night
gabi - Tagalog, gabii - Cebuano, yabi - Sambal, rabii - Ilocano, labi - Pangasinan
blood
dugo - Tagalog, dugo - Cebuano, daya - Kapampangan, dara - Ilocano and Bahasa Indonesia
night
Kapampangan - bengi
@@ironric2517 In Karo Batak language is Berngi and Toba Batak language is Borngi+n
Tangis in Indonesia mean cry
Menangisi, to cry over ___
Menangis, crying
And for blood, we use Darah with H in the end, because Dara means pigeon or in old time it refers to virgin girl.
@@ironric2517 in Sundanese wengi in Javanese wengi too
Filipino shouldn’t be “masakit ako” since it would literally translate to “I am painful”. Would be more apt to say “May sakit ako” which means “I have (a) pain/sickness”. But I get the connection though
Hi, this video is awesome! Salut to you for this. I am Indonesian, originally from Maluku (Central Malayo Polynesian group), and basically am in the quest to recover the extinct language of Maluku (The Moluccan People), especially Around Seram island and Ambon. Do you have any references for this sub group.
As Dutch Era had completely cost the language to die out to the verge of complete extinction. Would be highly appreciated if you could shed light or personally be in touch regarding this matter.
I know this is not going to be easy to find subgroup, especially the ones who have almost died out. Thank you very much. Appreciation !!!!
interesting you should do more coverage on micronesian languages, Yapese, Palauan, Chamorro, Chuukese, Kosraean, Pohnpeian, Marshallese, Gilbertese, Nauruan
A video on the oceanic Micronesian languages would be very interesting, considering yapese isn’t closely related to any Micronesians language and groups closer with the admiralty languages in Papua New Guinea
Arnt they close to Bisayan? Since Philippines is closest. I'd be interested too though. Would love to visit Micronesia.
i'm not sure about "mata ng hangin" as a used phrase in tagalog, but it is grammatically correct, and your translation is also right: it means "eye of the wind". sounds very poetic in tagalog!
Cool video! Just comments on stuff I saw (I know other commenters already pointed it out but I just wanted to summarize it lol):
1. In Tagalog, "I'm sick" is "May sakit ako" (I have sickness), not "masakit ako" (literally means "I am painful").
2. As a Tagalog speaker, the phrase "mata ng hangin" has no directional meaning. It's just literally "eye of the wind", but no one would say that.
Excited for more Austronesian videos!
Sakit (illness) in Filipino is more of a noun rather than a condition so we do not say “masakit ako”. Instead we say “May sakit ako” which literally means “I have an illness.” Sakit can also mean “pain” so if you say “masakit ako” for me it sounds like “i am painfull” which is a weird thing to say unless you want to mean something like “i am painfull to others” or something.
Great video. I love how you broke this down and showed examples of how words can change based on various factors. I learned a lot.
I remember Iban is Malayic language, they use Apa Berita or Nama Berita, Berita=Khabar, Berita in Malay/Indonesia mean news, before arabic loanword is apa berita, or in slang, apa cerita or pa cerite/cerito mean what the story. it interesting. Iban have very least loanword because they are not hindu nor muslim, but in late 18th century they convert to Christianity. so Iban have pure form of malayic.
News in Tagalog is balita
@@jrexx2841 surat=sulat r become l.
Charita is Sanskrit.
Oh nice in Iloko/Ilokano we have the word masarsarita which is word of streets/news. Like "Ana ti masarsarita" which means "What is the news". "Surat" means write in my language and "sarita" means speak or word.
@@solidpas761 Surat is a city in North West India.
Surat in Sanskrit means a peaceful tranquil earthly place.
KhobSurat in Hindi means lovely or beautiful.
Surah in Arabic means letters. In Malay that what Surat mean.
4:00 "Masakit ako" does not make sense. It literally means "I am painful"
It should be "May sakit ako"
Sakit aku= I am painful/sick.
Mahal kita : Expensive we😂
I think he did mention that it was grammatically wrong. He was just showing a point. But it is funny when actually knowing the actual meaning 😂
@@karimgamer7747 depends on the philippine language Mahal kita is "were expensive" is in say Bikol but its "I love you" in tagalog
Your thesis on wind correlation on culture and religion hits hard because that's what happened when I was told if the wind is cold or warm et cetera. Very nice and in-depth video!
I don’t about mata ng hangin, but we have a phrase mata ng bagyo (eye of a storm/hurricane).
Also Filipino should “May sakit ako” (I’m sick) not “Masakit ako” (I’m painful, almost as if you’re threatening someone that you can hurt them real bad😂).
It is good analysis..yes some of SEA countries have got many influences from other languages...it because this countries is on the spot of shipping trade...maybe if you more digging in to the pure language (native language not their nation language) you will found the link of Austronesian language.
One of the more interesting questions I keep getting asked is "why are there so many sound changes in the Polynesian languages, especially those further east?" These languages lost all final consonant sounds and became very rich in vowels, many sounds were simplified or merged together with other sounds - "langit" became "lani' in Hawaiian, "rangi" in Maori, "ra'i" in Tahitian and "aki" or "ani" (depending on dialect) in Marquesan. While I don't have an answer that's 100% for certain, there are some theories: the Proto-Oceanic branch might have been in contact with a now-extinct pre-Austronesian language (or languages) spoken somewhere around Fiji, Tonga or Samoa that had a small consonant inventory and strict CVCV structure and this might have influenced their phonology. There are also theories about how perhaps sailing out in the open ocean might influence sounds - languages with more vowels and fewer consonants would make it easier for their speakers to call out to one another from their vaka, va'a, prahu etc. Anyone else have any interesting ideas?
Seems like that was already happening in east Indonesia, at least based off their modern forms. So maybe they met some people there before going on to Lapita? Also this pattern isn't seen as much in Micronesian land.
I think you put the points right. Also, Austronesian speakers tend to put stress at the second last syllable, this makes the last syllable less heard. Is it possible, too?
Is "vaka" a small boat or "bangka"?
I think further east is sounds much older.
@@mountainrock7682 probably it is Waka. Other than that Ratu and Datu sounds alike plus Dato, Duta, Datok for elderly.
Even just for saying, we only have Malagasy in Madagascar (as a native language before colonization) and yet a lot of Merina people don't understand the dialect of the Bestileo or the Betsimisaraka, even If we speak the same language
But you do know that Madagascar used to be separate kingdoms back then before the king Andrianampoinimerina decided to unify the country, don't you? So each kingdom developped its own culture and its own "Malagasy" language. Plus, some linguists consider Malagasy not as a single language, but a constellation of different languages which diverged from a hypothetical single language. That is the reason why in fact none of the ethnicity in Madagascar speak the "authentical" Malagasy language. Even Merina, the basis of official Malagasy is considered to be a "variety" of Malagasy. For example, Sakalava, Merina, Betsimisaraka and Antandroy are considered separate languages by certain linguists due to their different vocabulary, grammar and sound changes. Try to listen to Kibushi (spoken in Mayotte) which is also a Malagasy dialect/language to see that Malagasy is not a single language and that not all varieties Malagasy are mutually intelligible.
@@flavmendrikaja3784 I already know it :)
@@minimani6535 Good if you know it. 😊 But what I meant is that Malagasy has the same problem as Chinese. Some linguists say that Chinese too is not a single language, it is a constellation of variants as diverge as Romance languages, just like Malagasy.
Maysakit = may from mayroon (having), sakit (sickness or pain)
Masakit = painful
Love this channel. I am Polynesian (Tahiti) and it’s learning process with almost similar words
This is fantastic.
My masterʻs thesis was a comparative analysis of Te Reo Māori against other Austronesian languages, focussing on the use of respectful languages (language, or way of speaking used with/for people of respect & varying degrees of rank).
One thing I discovered/realised whilst doing my research, mutual intelligibility is a lot easier if you have a large vocabulary.
For example, the word ‘maki’ (sick), is commonly used in Polynesian languages, but not in NZ (Māori), where ‘māuiui’ is used most. ‘Matangi’ is another example of that, where most Māori speakers will use ‘hau’, for wind. Perhaps the word ‘hau’ may have come from ‘hangin’?
Iʻm fortunate to be a native Māori speaker and studied multiple Polynesian languages, so I have above average vocab, which makes it easier for me pick up what people are saying in most Austronesian languages & dialects.
I do want to add, Te Reo Māori speakers of NZ find it more difficult understanding Cook Island Māori speakers, even though technically, they are dialects of the same language.
This is because the NZ dialects,
1. use old or obsolete words in the common tongue, that might exist only in poetic or liturgic language in most parts of the Cook Islands, and also
2. have strict grammar rules & use different sentence structures compared to the Cook Island dialects.
At the same time, a Cook Island Māori speaker is more likely able to converse easily with Tahitian and Hawaiian speakers, as their grammar is almost identical, allowing for some word & pronunciation variations.
Itʻs all fascinating stuff (says the language nerd).😄
Interesting, but one should note that the common ancestor of Tagalog and Hawaiian was 5000 years ago, which is about the same as Northwestern Indo-European (the hypothetical ancestor to Germanic and Italic lamguages) was spoken. Calling the two languages _closely_ related should be taken with a grain of salt.
I guessnit depends on how one defines those terms. Sometimes closely related refers to languages where a family can be reasonably proven, while far/distantly related is more about one can't really prove it, but one has hints that they might be related.
But yes I agree with you
We use mata ng bagyo which is eye of the storm, but never mata ng hangin, as far as I know. Batangas Tagalog would have Direksyon ng Hangin, which is a mix of Spanish and Tagalog.
The one word in all Austronesian languages is hard evidence we're related. 'Lima' also said as 'Rima', 'E lima' or any other variation, is the number five in all of the Austronesian languages.
#LimaGang
*most of the Austronesian languages. Only a few evolved the reconstructed form from Proto-Austronesian, which is *Raseb. lima came via *qalima, meaning hand
The only reason why the proto-Austronesian has just been so mangled and intertwined is because of so many foreign forces and influences like the Arab seafarers pre-dating the colonial era, influencing the Indonesian archipelago with their language and culture and the Spanish in the Philippines, the Portuguese and Han Chinese in Taiwan, and the English and other European super powers in Melanesia, Polynesia and Micronesia, the list goes on.
Didn't know the Portuguese influenced Taiwan. I only know of indonesia and later timor, which explains why modern Tetun has a lot of loanwords from Portuguese, as a parallel to the filipinic branch of austronesian having many spanish loanwords
I am sick in Filipino is usually said as
"May sakit ako." which translates to "I have a sickness."
Saying "Masakit ako." would mean something like "I am painful."
Afterall, sakit means both pain and sickness in Filipino.
You have a good tagalog accent, i would say 90-95% perfect
I speak Malay, and Kadazandusun, i notice that the word "what" is different which is "apa"in malay and "onu" or "nunu" in kadazandusun which is the same as most austronesian langauge here in Sabah such as "Anu" which is used in the sabahan malay dialect which also means "what". Tagalog also says "Ano" for "what". Is there any similarity between "apa" and "onu, nunu, anu, ano"? I also notice that at 19:13 you didnt include tagalog "Ano" for similarity for the "what".
In Iloko(northern tip of the Philippines) we use "ana" for what.
Ilocano uses APAY for why. It's curiously quite very close to Malay APA.
"Anu" also exists in Malay language, not as directly as "what" but almost means "what" because it is used for calling person, thing etc. without the intention (or caused by forgetfulness) to call his/her/its name. Sentence examples:
1- "...ada seorang perempuan engkau tebus pada tahun anu-anu pada bulan anu, maka engkau ceraikan antara ibu dan anaknya."
2 - 'Maka kata Bendahara perempuan, "Destar anu itulah yang patut." '
3 - "Si anu nak datang."
Nani in japanese
@@tuah007 in Tagalog, too. We also find ourselves using Ano to address somebody without using his name. "Hoy, ano"....( literally ' hey, what' hahaha )
As a Filipina and Tagalog speaker. My country has over 180 languages with 17 million tribes. It’s widely diverse. I can’t understand most of the other 179 languages, except a few dialects like for example, basic phrases in bicolano and many phrases. Even Filipino appearances vary in each region. I understand there might be other influences from mainland Asian countries but still. But the rest they have not only different languages but different cultures in the Philippines. Going from Manila to Cebu already felt like I went to another country.
Annnddd???
@ Annd??? Just sharing my opinion?? if I don’t understand other Filipinos with mutually unintelligible languages, how much do I not understand Indonesians? How much more would I not understand people from the other side of the world even farther from me? I guess it’s my main point. The evolution and development of languages in isolation. Even cultures developed on their own depending on where you are. The Philippines had trade with chinese, thais, Indians, Arabs, etc. which led to our further evolution. I’m even impressed by the diversity of Pacific Island languages and how different Micronesian languages and Melanesian languages from Poly languages, especially chuukese language.
The video addresses larger linguistic concepts. Language families and other classifications. You can benefit from learning how languages are classified in linguistics and applying that to the myriad languages and dialects of the Philippines.
@ True 🙏 😊
This is interesting, I'd like to know more the history of my Austronesian ancestor. I'm native speaker of Javanese, Bahasa Malaysia and Indonesia. Keep it going, good job!
Thanks for the excellent content Brian.I also watched your presentation on the Polyglot Conference and got more motivated to learn Indonesian. I also loved the examples with Germanic languages, because I thought weird that the word for married is ¨gift ¨ but can understand the meaning well.When I learned German I could never understand why Gift meant ¨poison¨. Regarding what you said about ¨Plattdeutsch¨, I guess it's closely related to Dutch since it is, as far as I remember, spoken in regions close to the Netherlands. I would love to ser a series on Aboriginal languages, because they speak language I am really interested in. However, I have read somewhere that they are related to the Tamil people. If that's the case, are their languages related to Tamil? 我在等你的下個的視頻！！謝謝！！
Muito obrigado, どうもありがとうございました Julio-san! I'm preparing a series on two Australian Aboriginal languages :) And yes there is a possible ancient connection with India but it was probably a very long time ago. Their languages are not related, as far as modern linguists can prove but the phonology is very similar. 謝謝！
I'm seeing a lot of people lately referring to Filipinos as "Pacific Islanders", like no. Philippines is in Southeast Asia.
It is Geographically.. But most filipinos consider themselves as Spaniards or even latinos. Its like they're so proud being colonized by Spanish lol
@@piedpiper5687 No, it's just usually rich people and some internet users who boast and claim that they're Spanish.
Vast majority really don't care about this stuff.
@@piedpiper5687 literally no one says we are Spanish in the Philippines lol, only the rich kids whose parents are oligarchs say that, they've been oligarchs since the 1800s
@@piedpiper5687 Filipinos that call themselves Spanish is like people from Laos or Vietnam calling themselves French. It's stupid.
@@venividivici2233 Some Filipinos are Spanish wannabes.
I feel sad seeing it.
Im a Melayu. Not Filipino by the way.
If you think about it, Malay is like the "English" of Austronesian languages. Only the core basic vocabulary is still Austronesian, but the majority of our language has borrowed words from other languages (mostly Sanskrit, Arabic and English).
I guess you could say the same thing for Tagalog, but with Spanish loanwords.
The conjugation has majorly collapsed too.
Nah, Filipino has maintain its complex grammar structure, even more so with the introduction of Spanish and English languages.
@@locksmith3208 Malay used to have a complex grammar structure during the times of Malacca, but it has been simplified over time (it's kinda like how English used to have a complex Germanic grammar system but has simplified over time).
@@HarisCountrysyeah but he was saying that in Philippines, the language maintained yhe complex grammar structure..
Nagkasakit- is having illness
Masakit- Is painful
Sumasakit- is (ongoing) painful
May sakit- have/has illness or have a sickness
Magkakasakit- Will be sick
Magkakasakitan- Will hurt (someone or each other)
Nagkasakitan- did hurt (someone else or each other)
Magkasakitan - hurting (someone else or each other)
sakit- root word for pain,sick, illness
SEE? Just adding a suffix and a prefix and even something in the middle could change the whole meaning of the root word "sakit"
Tagalog is probably more like the German of Austronesian languages since we conjugate as much as the germans do if not more 🙃
Even Kelantanese-Pattani Malay and Sarawakian Malay cannot understand each other using their respective dialects despite both being Malay.
Because swk mly isnt mly but islamized dayaks. As perception is that when u convert to islam, u become mly
@@rickken6823 Sarawakian Malays are Malays. Linguistically and culturally. Melanau for example are still Melanau despite if they converted to Islam.
Love it malo and your pronunciation of the tongan perfect
In Tagalog we also say "ano ang balita?" Meaning what's the news when speaking with someone casually/we are close with. It came from ano=what and balita=news (from Sanskrit/Malay) but one can also say "maano ka?" which means "how are you?" but this was replaced by kumusta.
Ratu and Datu sounds alike
Use 'maano ka' now and the one you're addressing to would mistake it for 'magkano ka'🤣🤣🤣🤣
Maano? Does that consist of two words "ma" for suffix and "ano" which means "what" in Tagalog? Kind of remind me of Eastern Minangkabau dialect word "ba'apo" which means "How". However most of us shortens it into "ba'a".
@@YusufMandailing yes "ma-" is prefixed in ano. "Ma-" is a stative prefix which means it indicates a state of a thing so prefixing ma with ano=what, gives maano (lit. In what state) so "maano ka?" means "how are you?" (Literally in what state are you). Maano ka is now obsolete and was replaced by the Spanish loanword kumusta.
Now to say how in general we use "paano". Causative "pa-" prefix is attached to ano to give paano.
We used it as "paano natin makukuha Yan?" (how can we get it?).
How do you use "ba'apo"? I believe it can be cognate with maano and paano
@@louieangellacaba7883 for example "ba'apo kaba?" which means "how are you?". Or "ndak ba'apo do" which means "it's fine/alright". The word "ba'apo" is mostly used in the eastern Minangkabau region like Sijunjung, Kuansing, Tanah Datar, Limapuluh Kota, Kampar and Rokan. However, most of Minangnese would just shorten it to "ba'a".
Ainu word for fire is ape which is close to hapuy and has been one of the reasons why people make the connection between austronesian and ainu language
Ainu are Siberian.
Never knew a Siberian language is related to the Austronesian considering the fact that they are closely related to Native Americans…
Ainu people are mysterious
Ainus are of haplogroup D which is one of the ancient or early lineages that came out of Africa. The other famous haplogroup D peoples are the black tribes in islands south of India.
If you're in Jakarta the capital city, drive 2 hours away in any direction and they already speaks entirely different language. It's not a dialect that most foreigners taught, an entirely different language and culture. That's how diverse Indonesia is.
What a Good Content! I like to see more videos like this! And the analysis about the languages are great. Greetings from 🇵🇭 Keep it up!!
To understand the hundreds of Austronesian language. U need to first understand the land bridge of the Sunda stage. Now it is under water and previously known in 1800s before British colonisation as Malay sea, now known as south china sea.
Thank you in Hawaiian is mahalo, and in Taiwan's Saisiyat language it's ma'alo'. I always wondered are they related or are they false cognates.
in the northeastern Luzon language of Ibanag, thank you is mabbalo so there's probably a connection between the three.
A native Hawaiian told me that the Hawaiian language is actually mostly made up and not the true original language. She's actually a real Hawaiian. Not the Filipino or Japanese kine 😂 But she said she is jealous that the rest of Polynesia still have the native language.
In kapampangan, there is a word “mabalos”
In ilocano, the word “bales” with a silent e means to retirn the favor
@@fjalfredo I wonder if that has to do with the word *baliw₂, which meant return. Maybe it's a form of ma-baliw₂ ?
In Chamorro, it's "Asaina ma'asi". Asaina is God, and Ma'asi is mercy
Just a small thing. We haven't used the name Irian Jaya for two decades now, as it was an exonym with negative political connotations. The region may now be referred to simply as Indonesian Papua.
For the sick part, even though aku sakit is technically the proper wording, I feel like I would colloquially be inclined to say sakit gua, or lagi sakit gua. My impression is that putting the subject at the end is more colloquial and more expressive, while putting the subject first is more rigid, prescriptive, and mechanical. But either way is fine. I don’t think Bahasa Indonesia’s sentence structure is that strict outside of formal situations. In fact, I notice I tend to reverse whatever the standard sentence structure is supposed to be.
"Pain" in Indonesian, Tagalog or Malaysian is "sakit" or "masakit". It's pretty similar.
But in Javanese it's "Lara" (Pronounced as "loro").
And in Sundanese, pain is "Nyeuri".
"Fire" in bahasa Indonesia/Malaysia is "api",
But in Javanese is "geni" And in Sundanese in "Seuneu".
How non national Indonesian languages like Javanese (my father's native language) and sundanese (my mother's native language) are mostly different from Malaysian, tagalog and other Austronesian languages or bahasa Indonesia itself?
I'm also confused to know if Austronesian languages across dozens of countries have language similarities But at the same time i realized that Javanese, Sundanese and bahasa Indonesia (3 of Indonesian language i know) is mostly different from each other.
Fire also sunog in filipino
Lara is Sanskrit word
Fire in filipino is apoy. In my filipino dialect it is sunog. So the trend is as you go down other tribee omit some letters or sounds to make it easier for their tongue. So i guess the filipino text books now should be revised. As we are all taught our ancestors came from indonesia or malaysia but seeing this language trends and dna samples its all in reverse
I think that are loan words
@@vantatilfly
This means, Prehistoric Pilipinos already have their own languages for over 60,000 years ago or even older?😳
Therefore, Formosan and Indo-Malay are not Filipinos' ancestors but it's the opposite!😳
So is Bahasa, kasalahan means crime.
In Tagalog, kasalahan means something like "mistakeness" or how much you miss.
Sala can mean sin or miss.
Sin can be said as Kasalanan.
In Malay and Bahasa Indonesia, kesalahan also means mistake.
It is very interesting... in 14:27 you mentioned Waitangi literaly means Water(wai) Cry (tangi) in Maori languages. I recognized that in Lampung language in South Sumatra have same word, Wai, and it means River.
This is amazing, so well researched and definitely needs more views
Even JUST in bali, you can move from one village, to the next one, and find almost completely different culture and languanges
Kenapa ya, aksaranya mirip tapi kosakatanya beda banget
Benar sekali
Malayo (Austronesian) people are very tribalistic.
Tagalog: We use "Mata ng Bagyo" for typhoon but we do not use the "Mata ng Hangin" because it doesn't make sense if we use it that way.
I think he mixed up Tagalog and Bahasa Melayu words.
In Melayu, we say "Mata Angin"
Oh wait, I just realise that there are other languages in PH that say "Mata ng Hangin" to describe wind direction.
so glad I found your channel!
Direction of the wind in Fijian (similar to our Austronesian cousins) is, "Mata ni cagi." The word "cagi" is pronounced as "thangi." Vinaka.
The argument that we can't understand each other therefor our languages aren't related is as stupid as saying English and German aren't related because they are unintelligible to each other.
What you expect from a country separated by seas for hundreds or not thousand of years, without any contact to each other. Its gonna be a miracle if they still speak the same language. Even each island have different language and accent in Indonesian, nah Even each region sometimes doesn't understand each other's language even though it's still on the same island
The more I look at it as a Polynesian the more I’m convinced we were from south east Asia. I just typed in random samoan words and compared them with random austronesian languages and almost always found words similar for example Pule and Pule In malay and Samoan. Many examples not just that but the foods and some cultural practices
I think we are south asian, Austronesian and melanesian mixed.
just curious, what is hibiscus and plumeria in your language? (gumamela & kalachuchi for us in philippines)
Talofa lava! As someone who speaks Malay and learning Samoan for fun I can concur that Samoan language has the most similarities to Malay language than any other Polynesian language. Also yes you’re quite right in terms of culture similarities. For example the story of Teine Sa and its legends kind of similar to Malay’s old wives tale about women should not brush their hair in-front of the mirror at night😂 .. also Samoan women siva’s gestures so so similar to the general Malay dance hand movements.
@@anithamirahahamid1769 Samoan here,kinda shocked to see a Malay native speaker picking up on ours. Thanks for sharing! It's amazing to see our similarities and connection
@@BarHawaThe Samoan language is quite beatiful
04:42 "I am sick" in Tagalog is roughly translated as "I have sickness," which is "May sakit ako" or Mayroon akong sakit"....may/mayroon is the equivalent of "there is/there are"
Yes you are right as a Tahitian i saw a video were native tribe from Taïwan say also Mata for eyes just like us in Tahiti n lima for hands
n we say rima n when they count i found some similars prononciation just 3 they say tulu we say toru or turu n some others that i can't remenber whith accuracy.
N so much more
What you are describing are words that all humans have used and still use today for a) T R A V E L and b) T R A D E. For example, when you go on vacation to a foreign country you will need to be able to say a) bank b) taxi c) eat food d) beer) e) airport f) check please g) thank you h) hotel I) bathroom j) chicken k) beef l) soda ….
Therefore, if you can see the genius of your forefathers - they learned numbers 1-10 and various words like I described and more or less based upon their needs interacting with travel and trade foreigners - Voila! Language anomalies do not the same people make -
In Malay, Lima means 5 too. Mata is also eye in Malay.
Satu
Dua
Tiga, Empat, Lima, Enam, Tujuh, Lapan, Sembilan, Sepuluh.
@@JJ-cy9fdeyy! The schizophrenic guy who writes long essays... you still believe pacific islanders just magically exist from bottom of the ocean and people shouldn't celebrate how interconnected we are despite their differences?😂😂😂
@@JJ-cy9fddo you understand how silly you sound making this arguement?
If any one wants a clear simple example of how austronesians are all connected should look at how the numbers 1-10 are said in each language their all in general similar, some vaguely but most near identical.
lima gang
Maybe the “hangin” didn’t disappear.
In Samoan agi le matagi = blowing of the wind, agi = blow/blowing
That's right, in Samoan "agi" is retained as a verb! Thanks so much for highlighting this :)
@@languagestolearn8155 no problem. If it weren’t for experts, such as yourself, breaking down these words for us non-linguists I’d never be able to see the connections.
Faafetai tele lava
Try out the Nias language
In phil languages we use mata(eye) for storm only, as in “eye of the storm”, mata ng bagyo. Not for direction.
Should we be trying to revive our old words to become mainstream? For example in Aotearoa I haven’t heard matangi we use the word hau to describe the wind although matariki is the constellation pleiades which comes from ngā mata o te ariki a Tāwhirimātea which means the eyes of the god Tāwhirimātea who is the god of the winds
To all Tagalog speakers, yes "Masakit ako" seems wrong. However, if we deconstruct this further, 'ma-' is same with the word 'may', meaning 'have or having'. On the other hand, if we say 'May ganda ako', meaning 'I have beauty' although it still makes sense, the more correct form is 'Maganda ako', meaning 'I am beautiful'.
In Chamorro, "ma" or "man" is an adjective indicator. "Malångu" to be sick, "malinao" ocean that is calm, "ma'åsen" to be salty. It's cool seeing the similarities
@@yeetfeet731 all your examples are mutually intelligible with Tagalog. Lango means drunk. Linaw means clarity, malinaw means clear. Asin is salt.
same ma is adjective in our bahasa
It is still an assumption to equate "ma-" with "may".
The adjective prefix "ma-" indicates that something has an abundant, noticeable charactertistic while "may" simply just means that there is something or something exists.
"Madahon" is different from "may dahon". "Madahon" is "leafy" while "may dayon" is "there's a leaf". This nuance is enough to prove that they are not related.
@@mountainrock7682 I guess you have a point. But I could argue that having an abundance of should have the prefix “napaka-“. Someone does not have to be very beautiful to be called “maganda”, super strong to be considered “malakas” and so on. But then again, I don’t think I’m in a position to claim these as facts since I am a mere enthusiast of Tagalog and Filipino languages.
Indonesian language " i am sick" = saya sakit (formal), aku sakit (nonformal)
javanese language for "i am sick" = aku loro (nonformal), kulo gerah (formal)
Osing language for "i am sick" = isun suloyo
It's a normal thing that Indonesian speak 3 language which is two local language and the national language.
If English included so we could speak four language
'Gerah' is krama inggil and 'sakit' is krama. The written word in Latin should be "lara" because it's without taling-tarung in Carakan.
Although each particular region has a different dialectical variety, in general the FLORES people (INDONESIA) have at least 5 regional languages, namely : Lamaholot language, Sikka language, Ende/Lio language, Ngada language, Manggarai language.
Tagalog: May(mai) sakit ako = i am sick. (Mata ng hangin) I commonly hear " mata ng bagyo "= eye of the storm.
Bagyo means storm, like the city? How interesting.
@@larastap Baguio City? Kinda sound the same...
It's named Baguio in first place because it's cold.
It seems that the saying, the sea unites and the land divides, is very relevant to why interior languages of Southeast Asia such as the Batak, Dyak, Javanese languages are incomprehensible to let's say Malay or Indonesian. Though, is tht the real reason? Why do cognates exist between Malay and Polynesia, yet do not exist as much among the thousand of languages spoken in Nusantara?
the sea unites... first time i've heard of that. so beautiful and rings true. i've always suspected that south east asians are hospitable because of their imbibed maritime culture (e.g. helping others as if they were lost at sea, fishermen sharing their catch with other fishermen who are less lucky, etc).
I like it very much. It does confirm and affirm for me the connection between all these Asian islands. Thanks a lot for unpacking it for us!
Javanese language is most similar to Filipino local dialect of North Eastern Philippines - Ybanag. Example - "afi" is fire while "tangi" in ybanag is cry.
Indonesian/Malay and Northern Philippine languages retained a lot of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian words although Northern Philippine languages still have the traditional Austronesian grammar structure unlike Indo/Malay languages
@@uglybepis3571 Yes, for grammar it would be very different for modern Malay
standardized Filipino colloquial words is very different to the old tagalog words. It has changed alot from the original Austronesian language
Malay still has the ‘ma’ but it’s dropped for many contexts and has acquired variations. I mean, we kept it for all sorts - menyengat, meniru, mengancam. If we had kept it for sakit, it would become ‘Menyakit aku’. Idk if we ever said it that way, but we sure don’t anymore.
Even in its formal form, its still wrong. Reading the sentences in a structure from another branch language doesnt dictate its grammar rule because its the way it is.
Make sense. But Malay language has changed it's sentence structure to SVO (if it's ever VSO). Also speakers tend to say only root word, like 'dia jalan keliling kampung' instead of 'dia berjalan mengelilingi kampung' thus the sentence 'aku sakit' instead of 'menyakit/mensakit aku'.
Very educative!!!... greetings from Jakarta, Indonesia. Btw im half Javanese and half Minahasan (North Sulawesi), many Minahasan language have similarities with Tagalog
'mata' is eye in Malay; 'angin' is of course wind; but mata air (eye/source of the water) means a spring