What is Austronesian?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 17 พ.ค. 2024
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Timestamp
0:00 - Introduction
1:08 - What is a language family
1:36 - Number of Austronesian languages & speakers
1:54 - Linguistic geography of Austronesian languages
3:43 - Academic development of Austronesian studies
8:00 - Wilhelm Schmidt invents the term Austronesian
9:02 - Academic development of Austronesian studies
10:23 - Earliest attempts to find the Austronesian homeland
11:02 - Bellwood-Blust Hypothesis | Out of Taiwan Hypothesis first proposed
12:36 - Austronesian usage beyond a linguistic group
Maga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon Supporters
Puti'on
Pim Limtiaco
Dylan Sablan
References
Bellwood, P., Fox, J. J., & Tyron, D. (2006). The Austronesians: historical and comparative perspectives. ANU Press.
Bellwood, P. (1984). A hypothesis for Austronesian origins. Asian Perspectives, 26(1), 107-117.
Blust, R. (1977). The Proto-Austronesian pronouns and Austronesian subgrouping: a preliminary report. Working Papers in Linguistics 9(2):1-15. Honolulu: Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii.
Blust, R. (1984). The Austronesian homeland: a linguistic perspective. Asian Perspectives, 26(1), 45-67.
Blust, R. (2013). The austronesian languages. Asia-Pacific Linguistics, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University.
Blust, R. (2019). The Austronesian homeland and dispersal. Annual Review of Linguistics, 5, 417-434.
Duggan, A. T., Evans, B., Friedlaender, F. R., Friedlaender, J. S., Koki, G., Merriwether, D. A., ... & Stoneking, M. (2014). Maternal history of Oceania from complete mtDNA genomes: contrasting ancient diversity with recent homogenization due to the Austronesian expansion. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 94(5), 721-733.
Forster, J. R. (1996). Observations made during a voyage round the world. University of Hawaii Press.
Friedlaender, J. S., Friedlaender, F. R., Reed, F. A., Kidd, K. K., Kidd, J. R., Chambers, G. K., ... & Weber, J. L. (2008). The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders. PLoS genetics, 4(1), e19.
Grant, A., & Sidwell, P. (2005). Chamic and beyond: studies in mainland Austronesian languages. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.
Kayser, M., Brauer, S., Cordaux, R., Casto, A., Lao, O., Zhivotovsky, L. A., ... & Stoneking, M. (2006). Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific. Molecular biology and evolution, 23(11), 2234-2244.
Kayser, M. (2010). The human genetic history of Oceania: near and remote views of dispersal. Current Biology, 20(4), R194-R201.
Murdock, G. P. (1964). Genetic classification of the Austronesian languages: a key to Oceanic culture history. Ethnology, 3(2), 117-126.
Ross, M. (1996). On the Origin of the Term" Malayo-Polynesian". Oceanic Linguistics, 35(1), 143-145.
Ross, M., Pawley, A., & Osmond, M. (1998). The lexicon of Proto Oceanic: The culture and environment of ancestral Oceanic society 1: Material culture.
Schmidt, W. (1906). Die Mon-Khmer-völker: ein bindeglied zwischen völkern Zentralasiens und Austronesiens. F. Vieweg und sohn.
Imagine our ancestors started from a few tribes in Southern China and Taiwan. Now we are 480 million strong
💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼
Austronesian Peoples come from Taiwan (Formosa)
th-cam.com/video/ihOQ18C3wl4/w-d-xo.html
Formosa(Austronesian) peoples/China Chinese Peoples in Taiwan
Austronesians ≠ Southern China Chinese
th-cam.com/video/DiyAGZM1uVk/w-d-xo.html
Brings a tear to my eye. I hope we can achieve some kind of unity in the future to protect our beautiful Pacific Ocean
So amazing and beautuful ! ❤❤❤
Love my Austronesian Ancestor .! ❤❤❤
Austronesians di Taiwan
th-cam.com/video/nxDI-JmZeLc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=M7HX3dV0MwFTA-uZ
Forced out of Red China by the Han Chinese.. I see why ASEAN is so United and strong today 💪💪💪💪
15:15 this is a bit crazy but the three houses you showed are my neighbours houses on the east side of Samosir island, Lake Toba. I can even see their grandkids clothes hanging on the right side. Haha
Two of the houses are not even houses but rice granaries. There are some architectural distinctions in Batak Toba between the two. The clan that owns these houses just finished a new traditional house next to it, slightly larger with a much more elaborate and intricate carving (gorga).
Very interesting 🙏
Bruh anjir kwkwkwkwkwk
I have been to Samosir and my guide explained the meanings of rumah bolon. My favorite is how he said 3 families can live inside altogether and hear when someone is making babies hahaha plus how the higher end symbolizes a desire of the older gen for the younger gen to be more successful than them.
🇮🇩🙉🤢
Taiwan is the origin of Austronesian peoples. But the saddest thing is no one sees Austronesian Taiwan nowadays. People only see "Chinese Taiwan" because the fact is still the government in Taiwan is the Republic of China 🇹🇼, and the majority is Han Chinese who are very keen to call themselves more native than the indigenous. You might see the recent gov made all the local languages including the Indigenous Taiwanese languages as national languages. But they are only boosh tbh. We are still forced to use Chinese everywhere including changing your name into Indigenous name. The gov only regard your Chinese transliteration as the real name instead of the romanised spellings.
True. Mainland China is the original homeland of the Austronesians before the Han Chinese wiped them out..
Taiwanesse aborigin similiar like dayak tribe in borneo island
@@paulfri1569Those were the Austro-Tais. Austronesians did not develop until their arrival to Taiwan.
@@haruzanfuucha I see,🤔
This is true. The people in ROC calling themselves "Taiwanese" nowadays are the worst cultural appropriators. They are all of Han Chinese decent and their ancestors pushed out the Taiwan aboriginals from the luscious plains into the mountains and have the galls to call them the "Mountain People". (Similar to how the Americans killed off most the 19 million Native Americans to take their lands, but at least they don't claim to be natives)
When i learn bahasa indonesia in 80 , i didnt realise that the malay language is the root of bahasa indonesia..until i meet malay in sumatera and malaysia then i understand the connection malay language as lingua franca to south east asia region
if you tell this to indonesian they gonna be rage..to said malay language is a root for bahasa indonesia is like taboo to them..their obession of their nationality over true history is another level of ignorance..
@@musicziggurat24nope.., Indonesian even officially by government recognize Malay as root of the language.
@@musicziggurat24Stupid comment, Indonesia states that Indonesian has roots from Riau Malay..Just like ENGLISH also comes from WEST GERMANIC LANGUAGE. Germans never make a fuss about the origins of the English language. The Indonesian language originates from Sumatra, the Indonesian region, where the largest kingdom, Srivijaya, was the center of civilization, the ancient Malay language being the lingua franca. It's ridiculous that Malaya always makes a fuss about the origins of the Indonesian language. For example, Germany accepts English as it is growing more rapidly. English, Dutch roots from German, after being established named after each country.
@@musicziggurat24 mostly Indonesian rage because Malaysia claims Indonesian cultures, like even recently Malaysian used our national song and changed the lyrics only for kids songs, which is very disrespectful and you talk about "high levels of ignorance"? Like, are you kidding?
Even I myself as an Indonesian, never heard that Indonesian rage because heard that our language root is from Malay language
@@souma1849 this is what I call ignorance. if you know history you will not call Malaysian steal other culture since during ancient time people use to migrate and try to preserve their own culture. There is no malaysia or indonesia at that time..and now their children want to use their own culture that their inherited from their forefather in different place and you called them as thief? about your national song..did your ever investigate the source or just take from your bias media? come on please open your corrupt mind and do research a little bit..even as malaysia we never heard about the song and u blame whole malaysian because one pest who created the song? meh
When Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca, the Portuguese recovered a chart from a Javanese maritime pilot, which already included part of the Americas. Regarding the chart Albuquerque said
...a large map of a Javanese pilot, containing the Cape of Good Hope, Portugal and the land of Brazil, the Red Sea and the Sea of Persia, the Clove Islands, the navigation of the Chinese and the Gores, with their rhumbs and direct routes followed by the ships, and the hinterland, and how the kingdoms border on each other. It seems to me. Sir, that this was the best thing I have ever seen, and Your Highness will be very pleased to see it; it had the names in Javanese writing, but I had with me a Javanese who could read and write. I send this piece to Your Highness, which Francisco Rodrigues traced from the other, in which Your Highness can truly see where the Chinese and Gores come from, and the course your ships must take to the Clove Islands, and where the gold mines lie, and the islands of Java and Banda, of nutmeg and mace, and the land of the King of Siam, and also the end of the land of the navigation of the Chinese, the direction it takes, and how they do not navigate farther.
- Letter of Albuquerque to King Manuel I of Portugal, 1 April 1512.
🎉🎉🎉
Malay ultra-nationalist has two ways to choose =
>> "Welp, Javanese is a Malay race tho... their greatness is ours too"
>> "REEEEEEEEEEEE, FCKING HINDUNESIA PROPAGANDA"
Yeah, after Melaka (1511), the Portuguese went to islands leading to the Spice islands, ie. parts of Indonesia now.
THIS NAMED SUNDAELAND
@@norzainimohd-zain1325 and, one of those island is my country Timor-Leste, situated between Australia and Indonesia. Portugal colonized for more than four centuries. They were primarily here for the sandalwood.
As a native speaker of an Austronesian language, it still blows my mind how all of us came from a relatively small island like Taiwan and how our words for "five" are almost similar from Madagascar to Hawaii. As for the stilt housing shown, those houses are in North Sumatra in Indonesia. I got to visit them. Oddly enough there are similar houses in the inlands of South Sulawesi and West Sumatra. In my country, way up north there are also similar-looking stilt housing. Perhaps the prevalence of pork in non-Muslim Austronesians is a good evidence of how interconnected we really are. As an Austronesian person, I commend you for this video!!
the theory of Taiwan rooted is only an estimation theory. could be totally something else.
still more plausible than everyting else originally came from here@@TheRULLY789
Teori out of taiwan berdasarkan diversifikasi bahasa suku asli taiwan.
Suku austronesia di Taiwan mewakili semua penyebaran di Nusantara, hawai, selandia baru, madagaskar.
Lebih pdhl suku di taiwan jumlah ny tdk lebih 10 jt, bandingkn dg suku2 di nusantara.
Perlu di kaji teori itu..
Out of Taiwan, out of Sundaland, out of Indonesia. They are all located in Southeast Asia anyway.@@TheRULLY789
@@TheRULLY789a Philippine genetic study from 2021 challenges this theory, claiming that populations from south China entered Taiwan and the Philippines 10,000-7,000 years ago in several waves of migration. It also shows that austronesians were the 4th or 5th people group to enter the Philippines,
I see that the Lima Gang hasn't found this vid yet
Lol.
what the ...
@@werren894the number 5 is very consistent throughout the austronesian language family. Hence why lima gang is a bit of a meme to represent that.
@@ANTSEMUT1 i know it's funny lul
lol! That's hilarious
Mom took ancestry test. She is Moluccan (East Indonesian islands on coast of West Papua). Genetic cousins were identified as people who shared dna and saw that there were matches to Lau in Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, New Zealand, and Hawaii. Def think linguistic connection has genetic component.
What service provider did you use?
My mum is from central province, PNG. Half of her DNA markers came back to Phillipines area/Polynesian
Polynesia
My wife is a Higaonon tribeswoman from Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Her mother tongues are Higaonon Binukid and Mindanao Cebuano ("Bisaya"). She also speaks Tagalog ("Filipino"), Hiligaynon and Boholano. Our home is in Cagayan de Oro City. "Cagayan" derives from Old Malay, where "kag" meant "water", "kagay" meant "river" and the suffix "-an" denoted "place". So "Kagayan" is "a place with a river". Very well named as the Cagayan de Oro River runs straight up the middle of the city. I'm Australian, and a native speaker of English, but have learned to speak Bisaya and some Tagalog and Binukid. All the languages that my wife speaks, as well as many more in the Philippines, are actually distinct languages, not dialects as some people still say. While they have words in common, they are not mutually intelligible. The further south you go in the Philippines, the more words are shared with Bahasa Indonesia.
You are right! Cagayan is indeed kagay or river. Im from Cagayan province of northern Luzon. Im native ybanag from the word "bannag" river . We are river people from the longest river in the Philippines the Cagayan river
Our native language also shares similarities with bahasa Indonesia. Indonesians and Malaysians came here with boats called "balangay" hence sub divisions of a town is called barangay
@@troyridesph872 Tinuod na! That's right! There is just a small consonant shift between the two words. It's much the same as how in Mindanao Cebuano we say "bulan" for "moon" and "pahulay" for "rest", while in Cebu the words are "buwan" and "pahuway". Out of interest I have learned a bit of Tausug. Tausug words like "dayang" ("darling", "beloved") and "kasih" ("love") and 'lasa" ("sympathy", "affection") would be familiar to speakers of Bahasa Indonesia and Malay. The word "suwara" ("message", "saying") is another one. I would say the main difference between Tagalog and Bisaya, and Malay and Indonesian, comes down to the influx of words from Spanish as a result of the Spanish Colonial times in the Philippines.
The word kagay or kag does not derive from old malay. You can also search for the other various terms related to that like kalayan, karayan, kayayan or kahayan etc.
@@troyridesph872 indognesians are the shortest people in the world
Filipino and Malaysians are more similar
3:10 Proto-Malayic (the ancestor of Malay and related varieties) was most likely spoken in western Borneo prior to their expansion to Sumatra, and later on, to the Peninsula. The term "Malayu" itself used to refer to a region/polity that existed in what is now lowland Jambi in eastern Sumatra.
That's exactly correct. "Melayu" is a word referring to citizen of Melayu Kingdom. Like "Roman" citizens of "Rome".
It's an interesting hypothesis. I am curious how you came to this conclusion or from whom you got this information because in 2003 (20 years ago) a linguist researching in Indonesia told me about this.
@@freddykalidjernih1131 That Malayic originated in Borneo is a pretty common knowledge among specialists in the region, I'd say. The most recent work re: this urheimat issue seems to be Alexander Smith's 2017 dissertation on the languages of Borneo.
see also the original Proto-Malayic monograph by Sander Adelaar as well as his 2004 paper "Where does Malay came from?"
Malay language came from the motherland which is SUMATRA ISLAND not borneo😅😅😅
I speak 2 Austronesian languages: Indonesian and Javanese (not japanese). Most of us are bilingual, Indonesian and our local languages.
and a lot of us are trilingual ---> we also speak English which consider as foreign language.
Cheap knock off of philippines
What do you mean? When it comes to diversity like number of local languages, Indonesia is by far much richer and more diverse than The Philippines, 700 vs 180 No competition at all.
@@Psycho-th8vb I believe you're not Filipino, We Indonesian and Filipino know we are different and yet similiar, we are have our unique culture and Etnicity that different from each other. "Knockoff" is weird word, please educated yourself open your mind filled your brain with knowledge instead of hate.
@@afaridpirmansyah7867 yes Filipinos are Austronesians mixed Chinese, Spanish and American
While Indonesians are short, dark, native muslims
We are indeed different. I'm amaze you're the first indonesian I've seen that have an intellect
When the ancient Egyptians and Sumerians were busy building tall buildings, the proto-Austronesian people were enjoying their journey exploring the oceans, now I know that my ancestors were more powerful in 4500 BC and were able to sail the vast seas.
Congratulations on another excellent video! Your review of "Austronesian" offers a concise and insightful introduction to the terminology, geography, and various ways of learning about culture, history, and language related to Austronesian people. Keep up the good work!
Si Yu'os ma'ase' for the support and encouragement! Always really appreciate it!
Are you Austronesian too?@@pulanspeaks
🇮🇩🙉
ahaha
@@user-zd9cv6wc8h
"terminology"? you mean proprogating a western nomenclature. Colonizers can control communication but you cant change material reality. Your efforts to obscure the truth will be in vain.
I love your channel!!!! Can you please consider talking about Micronesia in the 1900s? I am especially interested in 1920-1960 and I can’t find content as good as yours.
Wow Thank you! I absolutely will consider it, especially since I'm from the region.
@@pulanspeaks I am writing about the French-Japanese artist Paul Jacoulet and he entered Micronesia as a cultural recorder after colonialism but before the modern day (1930s).
He adored the people and cultures, and among his best work were the prints from Palao, Saipan, Yap, Chuuk, etc.
I would love to get there, but distance and cash. (I am in Canada.) And you have a very informative and perceptive series of videos.
Such a well informed and pleasant delivery. Thanks that was awesome.👌
Very impormative❤
Formosan here,
Hi Cousins!
Hi
Great video as always! Biba!
Thank you very much!
Really enjoy your content, Pulan! I was wondering if you'd do a video specializing specifically on Fijian people exploring why and how Fijian culture is similar to Polynesian culture and whether this was always the case from the beginning, or only because the Bauan dialect, the dominant dialect in Fiji, had polynesian influence in it. My understanding is that Fiji had many different tribes with different customs, dialects, physical characteristics, and way of life. I'd love to see a video that really dives deep into Fijian culture and perhaps the link with the Lapita migration.
Filipino languages such as Tagalog, Cebuano and Chavacano are probably the most latinised Austronesian languages since they use so much Spanish loaned vocabularies.
Kinda like how English is the most latinised Germanic language and French is the most germanised Romance language.
Pinoy /Pinay true Family
Taiwanese indigenous peoples（Ancestry Filipinos）≠ Latins and Anglo-Saxons😅
Austronesian Taiwanese = Austronesian Filipinos
th-cam.com/video/nxDI-JmZeLc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=bEuytx-VcBdHsg-d
What about Tetum and Chamorro?
🎉🎉🎉
Nobody cares
Chavacano is a Spanish creole, not an Austronesian language
Awesome scholarship perfectly presented!
Love all your videos! Learn something new each time 🙏
Glad you like them!
Thank you for the great video!
Thanks for the lesson!
Great Video! I like your subjects
Thank you! I appreciate that!
Great video, well done. Thanks, Weird Al!
Thank you PulanSpeaks for this succinct description. I've studied Filipino and Indonesian but didn't know exactly what "Austronesian" means.
The Origins of the Austronesians
th-cam.com/video/FqMTmeHF05c/w-d-xo.htmlsi=19MVapQi1cHQ3NaI
Wow, I have a lot to learn!
I love this topic but i only do research on linguistic when i was in university.❤
Interesting video easy example are the vowel changes in some words between Tagalog to Malaysian and Indonesian api🇲🇾 =apoy🇵🇭. The rules here if it's an I ending in Malaysian and Indonesian you end up turning it into oy in Tagalog language. Which would explain why Filipinos should be able to pick-up some Malay/ Indonesian words in the written form Mutual intelligibility
The original ending is *-uy in Proto-Austronesian, e.g. *Sapuy for fire, Malayic monophthongized it to -i while many Philippine langs lowered it to -oy.
🇵🇭🇲🇾real brothers💪🔥
Apoy itu bahasa Majapahit bahasa madura Apoy pamasok
Do you plan on making the definitive and comprehensive documentary of the Chamoru people?
There was a conference for austronesia speakers at my uni, i was lucky enough to be part of it (i was a student, my dialectology/sociolinguistics prof asked me to). Until this day i am pretty intimidated by how wide it was for austronesian, even madagascar is one of it
Finally, a video about my people. (I'm Malay btw).
English : Five
Indonesian/Malay: Lima
Tagalog : Limá
Hawaiian : ‘E-lima
Samoan : Lima
Māori : Rima
Fijian : Lima
Tongan : Nima
Taiwan Formosan language
th-cam.com/video/lLjp6CIQ7ZU/w-d-xo.htmlsi=-I8XeqyRU1OQyYET
This proves nothing 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Are there any study on the connection of languages and cultures of Taiwan, Northern Philippines, the people of Nagaland in India, People of Northern Lao, Northern Vietnam, Bai Yue of Southern China the to the rest of Austronesia? The geographic area I mentioned seemed to have similarities in terms of culture, hence maybe it has a connection to the rest of Austronesia. Ancient people North Vietnam people and the defunct Bai Yue of China were known to as expert seamen and navigators.
Austronesian Peoples ≠ Baiyue Peoples
Baiyue( Sinosphere) = (South China Han /She/Li /Miao Ethnic Chinese（Nanman） )/Vietnamese Peoples
Austronesian = Formosa(Taiwanese indigenous peoples)/Filipinos/Malays/Indonesians Native Peoples
Yes. It's called the Austric hypothesis, which posits that the original peoples of southern China and mainland Southeast Asia are descendants of a common group. That includes Austronesians, Kra-Dai (Tai-Kadai), Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer), and Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yiao). All of these groups were displaced during the Han Expansion of the Sinitic peoples from up north, and were the ones referred to in Chinese records as the "Baiyue" or simply, the "Yue".
Austronesian and Kra-Dai (modern Thais, etc.) are most likely sister groups, descendants of pre-Austronesians from the lower Yangtze, the Min River Basin, the Pearl River Basin, and Taiwan. They likely had extensive Neolithic contacts with the Hmong-Mien who formerly inhabited the upper Yangtze and much of the interiors of central China. The first domesticators of rice is a toss-up between these two groups. In turn, both likely also had extensive contact with the Austroasiatic groups (modern Vietnamese and Khmer, etc.) in the Mekong River basin and the Red River basin.
Linguistically, it's difficult to establish relationships. But culturally, it's likely that they are distantly related or at least had extensive contact during the Paleolithic and early Neolithic. They have remarkably similar characteristics distinct from the more northern Tibeto-Sinitic groups; like the aforementioned rice farming and paddy-field technology, the same domesticates (chickens, ducks, pigs, dogs, water buffaloes), tattooing, teeth-blackening, stilt houses, similar long dugout paddled canoes (which were acquired by the Han Chinese and entered western consciousness as "dragonboats"), similar shamanic beliefs (particularly in water-based snake or sea serpent spirits vs. the chimeric Chinese dragons which had legs and were associated with mountains), similar art and designs (particularly in pottery and weaving), similar clothing (the wrap-around lower garments, pants, jackets, and head coverings; the early use of bark clothing; especially in contrast with Sino-Tibetan robe-like clothing), leaf-wrapped dishes, etc.
The problem is that again, most of these groups don't live in their original homelands anymore because of the Sinitic expansions (from around 2000 BC to 200 AD). The Hmong-Mien were especially affected, being driven almost to extinction. The Kra-Dai survived by moving westwards to modern Thailand, Guangxi, and Yunnan. The Austroasiatic groups in Guangxi and Guangdong were mostly assimilated (the Cantonese people probably has an Austroasiatic substratum). The Vietnamese were even partially assimilated for 1000 years before breaking free. The mainland pre-Austronesians probably met a similar fate (many of the Min groups likely have a faint "Minyue" substratum, who were pre-Austronesian, which explains why these groups tend to be seafaring). Austronesians in Taiwan survived because of isolation.
really unrelated, searching in vain, please search in Taiwan island, 🤣🥱🥱
Hello sir! do you have a book or related documents?
In Maguindanao( province from Bangsamoro region located at south-central mindanao), "Lima" could either be "Hands" or "Number 5". Its maybe because hand has 5 fingers on one side.😅
Despite austronesian culture & language dominates south east asian archipelago, their mon-khmer ancestor presence still stong in their DnA. Most Indonesian-Malaysian who did DNA test have strong percentage of Mon-Khmer DNA.
very good info.. keep it up...
Its a trip it go all the way to Madagascar. I only just recently learned that the population there is pretty much Blasian. Its bugged out and very interesting to me because there isnt a huge chain of islands between Madagascar and the rest of oceana. Just a huge wide open gap. Pretty cool. Makes you wonder if any settled on mainland Africa also.
The austronesians went to Madagascar because they traded with east africa. It's done during the Sri Vijaya kingdom in today's Indonesia.
@@nurprimahidayah4620Most of the austronesians who were brought to the Madagascar were central Bornean that spoke the Barito languages chiefly the Ma'anyan people, either they were defeated tribe and enslaved, or they were searching for new colony.
@@motorola9956I think Hawaiian is far older than the European in America
@@multatuli1 Hawaiians is older in what term? You mean Austronesian/Polynesians settled in Hawaii earlier than the arrival of the Europeans to the Americas? Then yes.
@@motorola9956 there's 1 historian who also said that the migration of southern island people to Madagascar caused the decline of the great Roman and Persian empires. You know, because mainly southern people eat rice, you need abundant water to cultivate rice, thus making it a perfect breeding ground for mosquitos. So malaria. That was before the Arabs defeated both of them.
I am not interested in geography but instead i am interested in computer and technology. To see future i need to see the past. I glad to see my ancestor has great history. And knowing my culture, Java (not programming languange, but but 'jawa' culture, most majority people in Indonesia), is being part of big family of Austronesia.
Java lang
I'm from Taiwan. I appreciate the clarity and information of this video. It's without doubt one of the Austronesian-related videos that I enjoy the most. Regarding the part of "Usage Beyond a Linguistic Group," I would love to hear more from you or discuss it with you. To me, in terms of language, the Out of Taiwan Model is convincing; genetically, it is not at all. For two reasons.
First, in the context of the prehistoric peopling of Island Southeast Asia, it's important to note that Taiwan was not among the first lands to be visited. Modern humans entered into Island SEA at least 65,000 B.P., whereas the earliest human activities found in Taiwan date back only to 30,000 B.P. Not to mention the prehistoric Tapenkeng Culture of Taiwan, which was believed related to the emergence of the Proto-Austronesian language, was dated 7,000 to 4,700 B.P.
Second, during the very beginning phase when the Austronesian language began to expand from Taiwan, its one-way language expansion did NOT necessarily mean one-way human expansion - considering that there were already prehistoric peoples spreading and settling throughout Island SEA. Instead, it is more plausible that population movements were two-way. As Andrew Crowe points out, "In reality, populations and customs rarely move as a single package over such enormous time scales." So do languages.
Therefore, genetic-wise, it's more rigorous to broaden the ancestral homeland of - I hereby emphasize - "some" Austronesian speakers to a region of islands, including Taiwan, rather than limiting it to the island of Taiwan.
im actually grateful about taiwan, on of my ancestor's home country. I'm from tonga, but man im so sick of being known as "polynesian". It just doesn't feel right, nor does it suit my ancestry's origin.
This is interesting information. Are the dates of 65,000 B.P. and 30,000 B.P. based on archeological evidence? The major reason for citing Taiwan as the origin of Austronesian languages is the density languages/ dialects of Austronesian spoken there. I doubt any good linguist would quarrel with your assertion that Austronesian also developed in part from other places which were in contact with the Taiwan Proto-cultures. Of course, it's quite possible that the first emigrants to far islands spoke different languages and developed different languages (different from Austronesian) but these languages were then taken over by Austronesian languages and died out.
I'll have to do some research on that Tapenkeng Culture.
Genetic wise, no one gives a shit about where you think you are from and what history classes you took. The beauty of genetics is that it has no bullshit in it. Filipinos are close genetically to the Dai people as well as Malays and Indonesians. You can continue reaching 50,000 years ago, but it seems like majority of Austronesian DNA is very recent.
Also what a typical Taiwanese mate. I can tell you are one of those people that try to downplay East Asian history.
Very good command of a bibliography that I'm sure is no that easy to resume and explain in a single video. I wish I could do that with my discipline.
Thank you for noticing about the bibliography! It was indeed not easy to try to synthesize all the information into a single video and the early draft was approaching 40 minutes. Had to cut a lot out to make it more concise. Thanks for watching.
Great video
Read Eden in the east by stephan Oppenheimer ;) WE also need to follow Mythos, Legends, For example did you know that Hainuwele Goddes from the Mollucas island is Archaix on par with Sumerian and even considered older :)
Do one video for the Nakanai people of New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea. They do also speak Austronesian language. i did abit of research on them, and it was believed there was a backward migration from the central pacific ocean back to new britain where they settled permanently. their life and way of doing things are all exactly similar to indigenous people of Fiji and move with them garden crops especially taro species exactly similar to the one planted in Fiji.
Pulan provided a map that shows that new britain is indeed within the shaded regions of the austronesian speaking areas. if you look closely you will see that kuanua is an austronesian language. the tolai migration to the peninsula is very interesting and may be distinct to the rest of niu gini's ppl
The stronger Papuan admixture in Island Melanesia is a result of a much more recent (post 700 AD) influx of Papuan migrations.
The Lapita people didn't really interact much with Papuans. Like other Austronesians throughout much of the Austronesian expansion, they avoided settling populated lands and assimilated neighboring peoples slowly through acculturation.
So the ancestral Lapita had higher percentages of Austronesian genes (70% to 80%), which is what we see in Polynesians who left Fiji at around 700 AD.
The Lapita who remained in Island Melanesia intermarried more and more with Papuans, who by then, had also acquired seafaring technology from Austronesians by proximity. They also started settling coastal New Guinea. It's the reason why Island Melanesians look more Papuan, with darker skin and curlier hair, in comparison to other Lapita descendants like Polynesians and eastern Micronesians.
Modern Island Melanesians are genetically more Papuan (only around 30% Austronesian on average), but in terms of language and culture, they remain predominantly Austronesian.
lovely video
Saina ma'ase! I learned so much.
Saina Ma'ase = Terima Kasih?
@@dimulaidari3714 I don't know what Terima Kashi is. Saina Ma'ase is thank you in Chamoru.
@@vinnyprell7302 "Terima Kasih"is Malay Word for Thank You.
I'm filipina and proud austronesian 😳♥️💯
Tumigil ka! Nakakahiya ka! Huwag mo na ipagsigawan, walang may pakialam sa iyo!
But are you a proud Asian 🤔
@@chewy6487 Austronesians are Asians bro so it means i'm proud Asian too lol
@@MyParentsBiggestMistakeAustronesians are not Asian. We are our own race actually.
@@potatoeskimos but we live in asia right?
Cool! This is the word I forgot for a long long time. So when someone ask my ethnicity, I can answer: "I'm Indonesian, so I'm Austronesian".
Austronesians di Taiwan
th-cam.com/video/nxDI-JmZeLc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=S0E1-MIBUI7xGjXM
lovely people culture and languages.
0:56 weird thay you dont include papua and australia since australian natives aborigin is part of austronesian and they had similar physical characteristic with timorese in sundaland region which you include it as austronesian...beyond that its useful and important educational video. Thank you for the video.
Timorese speak austronesian languages. Papuans and Australians have their own language family.
Because papua and australian aborigin are not austronesian. People in timor have some similar physical characteristic because they have interacted and crossbreeded with the native papuan and australian
They dont speak austronesian language, practice austronesian culture and art, or have similar genetics to the majority of austronesian people
@@nurprimahidayah4620 not to get into semantical arguments but for example, all Papua New Guineans will claim to be Papuans. But Papua New Guinea is a big island, and most coastal communities speak Austronesian languages. The Lingua franca, in PNG is Motu: an Austronesian language.
Austronesian language history
*Yangtze riverm China O1a M-119 DNA paternal - Fujian South China- Taiwan Proto Austronesian Language - Philippines archipelago/ C1b2a(Negritos)- MalayoPolynesian Branch (Austronesian O1a and Negrito C1b2a people intermix and created the MalayoPolynesian Branch of Austronesian language- Borneo-Sumatra- Modern Malaysia mainland - and spreads
Edukasi yang baik..Salam dari indonesia 🇮🇩👏
naratornya kayaknya Tranz deh ...
@@ayi3455tranz??😂
@@sherlyxyuna2779
dengerin aja gaya ngomongnya ..
@@ayi3455 bang...apa hubungannya? Random bet jir
ASEAN should include the Pacific islands and have Indonesia as the heart of it ..
As a Visayan/Cebuano living in The Netherlands for 15 years, I noticed the same grammar adverbs for past participle verbs. Gikaon-Gegeten. Gilakaw/Gelopen. Gisulti/Gesproken... etc etc
There are many people of Autonesian descent in the Netherlands, especially people from Indonesia
excellent overview im descended from the first european born in new caledonia & to speak kanak pre colonisation, 170 years later we are still obsessed with austronesian culture! Worlds no 1 culture austronesia! x
Very interesting! I just wondered why Papua New Guinea is outside of Austronesia but inside of Melanesia? Melanesia is half in Austronesia and half out of it. That would be an interesting topic to discuss!
thing is they've inhabited south east asia for quiet a long time as they got out of east eurasia
In terms of the debate about whether the term "Austronesian" should be used in non-linguistic context, where do you fall?
I as an Austronesian person lean towards using it as an identifier beyond languages. I see it more so as an island southeast asian identity though (western malayo polynesian)
Personally I'd reserve it for linguistic usage, but I don't object to the usage of "Austronesian" as an adjective e.g. to describe common cultural practices, not as noun referring to an individual of Austronesian heritage.
Theory and Genetics
Y-DNA paternal haplo group
O1a- m119=Taiwan Basal East Asians/Mongoloid race Proto Austronesian
O3- m122= Sundaland Basal East Asians/Mongoloid race mixed to negritos
O2a-m95= Basal East Asians/Mongoloid race Austroasiatic
O3e-m134= Basal East Asians Sinitic Chinese
K-p378= Sundaland Basal Austroloids Negritos or Australo Melanesian
*Average Filipinos🇵🇭 DNA paternal is 50% O1a-m119, 30% O3-M122, 20% others
*Average Indonesians🇮🇩 DNA paternal is 40% O2a-m95, 40% O3- m122, 20% others
*Average Malaysians🇲🇾 DNA paternal is 40% O3-m122, 20% O3e-m134, 20% O2a-m95, 10% others
@@junirenjana because we have to comply to white people telling us that somehow its just a lingustic identifier even if we look alike, sound alike culturally some how related if you look good enough? Australians as white Europeans not unless they are obviously Austronesians. but somehow we cant do the same... cause you know colonizers divided us.
"You just made that word up."
-Soldier Boy
I'm Native Hawaiian, little more than 75% of my blood is solely Hawaiian and growing up I heard both polynesian and austronesian being used in the vein and often wondered about the words, if they meant the same thing and was used in different times or both were interchangeable. Honestly I believe my people barely make into the minds of my fellow countrymen that I highly doubt it even matters anymore despite how long we've been attached to one another. Here's a little factoid for anybody who comes acroos this both Hawaii born missionary settlers and Native Hawaiians fought on both sides of the civil war in America.
The out of Taiwan theory is I think the correct one since it’s evident that the the original Austronesian language structure is preserved in Taiwan and Philippine languages and has become more diffused as it stretched out in the region.
Taiwan Formosan language
th-cam.com/video/nxDI-JmZeLc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=PBTCmlixAV4AG5Vs
The Mekong-Irrawaddy river is believed to be the ancestral homeland of the Austronesian especially for Deuteuro Malay. The region's name is Yunan/Yona (Irrawaddy-Mekong river). It's the second ancestral home after the fall of the Saka dynasty in India. Yups... Kali Serayu region, the birthplace of Aji Saka/Ajivaka (our unifying figure from Bumi Majeti/Jambudwipa)...
Saka-Yavana/Sunda-Java, and Malaya-Kamboja-Champa/Malay tribes are the major ethnic groups in the Greater Sunda Islands/Nusantara/Archipelago...
Because of the Champa-Dai Viet war (14th century), the people of Champa left the Mekong-Irrawaddy river (Indochina) and moved to Aceh province in Indonesia...
Taiwan theory exists to accommodate Vietnamese migration theory from mainland China (Baiyue, Nanyue)... That's why, Yunan theory is still taught in Indonesia (elementary school)... Out of Taiwan theory is not taught in Indonesia...
And about migration to Madagascar, it happened during admiral Mpu Nala era (Majapahit Empire)... Yups Jung/Djong ship... To secure trade with African nations at that time...
Our ancestors left the Irrawaddy-Mekong river for several reasons:
1. frequent flooding
2. war with the Khmer
3. lost the war against the Dai Viet (genocide in the 14th century)
The first wave was during the spread of the Proto-Malays, followed by the Deuteuro-Malays, and finally the migration of the Champa people in the 14th century to Sumatra (Dai Viet-Champa war)...
This is understandable. If you lose the war, you must be prepared to move out of your place of birth, experience genocide, or experience assimilation with the nation that won the war. Just like the Moor in Andalusia and the fall of the Saka dynasty in India.
That's why in India, the use of the Saka calendar is not as massive as in Indonesia, especially on the islands of Java and Bali, even though it originates from the Siwa-Buddha era...
This is one of the fundamental differences... In India, you will not find the story of Aji Saka/Ajivaka (the ancestors of the Sundanese and Java) from Kali Serayu/Bumi Majeti. This is all because of the massive migration...
It is the same with the story of the migration of the Kalingga people from India to Central Java during the Muria-Keling (Maurya-Kalingga) war... Furthermore, with the local people (Sundanese-Javanese/Saka-Yavana) they (refugees from Kalingga) built the Medang Keling kingdom in Central Java...
Then in the development of hundreds of years later, this kingdom turned into the Islamic Mataram kingdom (the largest Islamic sultanate in Southeast Asia)... From Tarumanagara (Sunda-Galuh), Medang Kalingga, Medang Mataram, Singasari, Majapahit, Demak Sultanate, Pajang Sultanate, Mataram Sultanate, present day Indonesia...
Try to check about Nyepi Day (Saka New Year celebration). There is no such celebration in India as there is in Indonesia (Bali).
And try to check the history of why Nalanda University was abandoned by Southeast Asians. This was because of the Sriwijaya-Cholamandala war. Causing the royal relations in Indonesia with Nepal and Tibet to break up for hundreds of years. Apart from that, it also caused the shift of the center of Buddhism from India to the island of Java (Borobudur) and the shift of the center of the agama Tirta from India to Mount Semeru (East Java).
The Out of Taiwan theory does not tell the dynamics as complete as the history of the Yunan civilization on the Irrawaddy-Mekong river (Saka-Yavana, Malaya-Kamboja-Champa)...
Now, a new theory has emerged about the spread of humans in Southeast Asia. Namely about the Sunda and Sahul shelf. The Sunda Shelf united the Archipelago/Indonesia with Asia during the ice age. In fact, the island of Java at that time had been inhabited by Homo erectus and Denisovans. Of course, using the Out of Africa distribution theory, it is not quite right.
Aborigines in Australia also actually come from the island of Timor (Indonesia). They have long interacted with Makassar people from the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia).
Australia is not an option as a good place to live because it is considered a vast desert at that time.
The Out of Africa theory also cannot fully explain the distribution of humans in Southeast Asia. Especially about the Denisovans and Homo erectus/Java man. Because the Out of Africa theory is limited to Homo sapiens only and not to other hominids that might be the true ancestors of Southeast Asian people.
Regarding bahasa Indonesia, this language was created in the 1920s (based on Malay) because we refused to use the language of the Dutch colonialists. Dutch language was banned from being used in Indonesia by our revolutionary father, Sukarno (Indonesia's first president).
Subbed
I have a genuine question that I would like answered: Why is Australia and New Guinea not part of the Austronesia groupings, people and area, since its a shared geography, space and place, how come it is bypassed?
Good question. If you look closely at the map that I made, only parts of New Guinea [mainly coastal areas and bird head's area] are considered part of the Austronesian world as indicated by the shading and that is because the indigenous people there speak Austronesian languages. In most of New Guinea as well as the entirety of Australia, the people don't speak Austronesian languages and therefore are not considered Austronesian. Hope this helps.
that's why indonesian,filipino,malaysian,guam looks like twin. Kalo di asia tenggara filipina,indonesia dan malaysia seperti kakak dan adik
The majority of Indonesia's population, 45% of whom are Javanese, are Austroasiatic people, Asian people who have black skin, dwarf bodies, the Austroasiatic race is an australoid race that evolved, they came from South Asia, which is now called India, so Austroasiatic people are often not considered. Asia because its characteristics tend to be more similar to Australoid. than Asians
let's compare your language with mine!
i speak javanese (ngapak dialect)
father - Rama/Bapak
mother - Rena/Ibu
1 - siji
2 - lara
3 - telu
4 - papat
5 - lima
6 - enem
7 - pitu
8 - walu
9 - sanga
10 - sepuluh
rungu or krungu - to hear/to be heard
langit - sky
watu - stone
kambing - goat
manuk - bird
Taiwan Formosan languages very similar
th-cam.com/video/VsIE_Ri3wxs/w-d-xo.htmlsi=9H5aViKow_IeDjP6
Austronesians di Taiwan
th-cam.com/video/nxDI-JmZeLc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=M7HX3dV0MwFTA-uZ
Manuk bahasa Melayu Sarawak tu ayam
*2 = loro
*8 = Wolu
@@irfanmaulana8404
logat ngapak beda, kaka
👏
The History of the Great Far East Asian lands are now only beginning to get recognized. I remember reading about the "Menang Kabaw Sumatra" during my grade school years in the Philippines and their connections to the muslim tribes of the south.
The exploration of the Spanish king in the 1500s has destroyed the written and oral accounts of the pre colonial kingdoms in the Philippines.
Even the Family heirloom we have in the vaults of the bank is made of 36 Karat gold and has precious sapphires and emeralds which is a chain of belts and necklaces that we believed to have been a gift from a rich trader of brunei who came to the philippines in the 1300s. The archeologists couldn't figure out its origins because too much history has yet to be unravelled. And it is very very difficult.
A 2023 study showed Samoans and Tongans score the highest DNA haplogroup linkage to mainland China 🇨🇳 and the Māori are more closely related to aboriginal Australians and Indonesians.
China Austronesians?? 😅
The Origins of the Austronesians
th-cam.com/video/ihOQ18C3wl4/w-d-xo.html
Austronesian Taiwanese
th-cam.com/video/nxDI-JmZeLc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=upy9raNj4eP5r4uH
Maori are mixed with Melenesians.
A person from the "South Islands".
That map is missing koiwai (in Adi islands and Kaimana coast); there r in fact a couple of austronesian language in bomberay peninsula.
Interesting to not as well there is plenty of folk story they have early contacts/ even ancestors from Java.
Proud Austronesian here.
it's hard to ignore the language shared..numbers 1 to 10...every Austroneasian shares the 1 to 5 and the number 10 as the same language...proto Austronesian number 10 derived from sa (number 1) and pulo(bunch of bananas that numbered 10)...in Ilocano, the number 10 is sangapulo...the number 20 is duapulo...the number 30 is talopulo and so on...Ilocano and the Igorot of the Philippine mountains are the closest in culture and language to the southern tribes of the mountain people of Taiwan.
Sangihe / Sangir tribe from North Sulawesi Prov , Indonesia .!!
10 Mapulo
11 Mapulo esa
12 Mapulo Dua
13 Mapulo telu
20 Duangpulo
21 Duangpulo esa
22 Duangpulo dua
23 Duangpulo telu
30 Telungpulo
40 Epapulo
50 Limangpulo
55 Limangpulo Lima
60 Enumpulo
70 Pitungpulo
80 Walungpulo
90 Siongpulo
91 Siongpulo Esa
100 Mahasu
1001 Mahasu sembau
500 Limahasu
1000 sehiwu
1 Sembau
2 Darua
3 Tatelu
4 Epa
5 LIMA
6 Enung
7 Pitu
8 Walu
9 Sio
Father = Amang
MOther = Inang
1 people / Person = Tau
Many people = Taumata
Eye = Mata
Island = Banua
in kapampngan 10 is apulo
Did Chamorro people come from Philippines or Indonesia? I'm inclined to believe the Philippines because of the use of the "um" and "in", but there are words in Indonesian that are more similar to Chamorro than it is in Filipino. Or maybe Chamorros came from a mix of the two?
Probably both honestly.
Austronesian Peoples come from Taiwan (Formosa)
The Origins of the Austronesians
th-cam.com/video/ihOQ18C3wl4/w-d-xo.html
Taiwan Formosan Languages
th-cam.com/video/rqrfks0u8GI/w-d-xo.html
Formosa(Austronesian) peoples/China Chinese Peoples in Taiwan
th-cam.com/video/DiyAGZM1uVk/w-d-xo.html
probably from Philippines.. there was story people in Guam told Magellan crew how to reach in Philippines Islands.
I don't know what my ancestors used to have problems with their neighbors in Taiwan, what is clear is that they chose to sail away and now I live here knowing that my cousins are on thousands of other islands in the Pacific.
I've got a genuine question here, and I want to clarify that I'm not trying to offend or be insensitive in any way. I'm really intrigued by the fact that Austronesians never seem to have colonized Papua and Australia. It's puzzling to me because we know that native Australians and Papuans have been isolated for over 50,000 years, similar to Native Americans, which would theoretically make them susceptible to diseases from Asia if the Austronesians settled there. This could have made it easier for Austronesians to colonize these lands. Moreover, due to their isolation, the native populations in Australia and Papua did not have access to many of the technologies that Austronesians had through trade with Asia and their own innovations.
also, Austronesians didn't just focus on small islands; they successfully colonized Madagascar and New Zealand so I don't see how the fact that Australia and Papua are huge has anything to do with that. I tried searching for an answer to this question online, but I couldn't find a satisfying explanation. That's why I'm asking here. Please understand that I'm genuinely curious and basing this on assumptions about how human history often unfolds when more advanced cultures interact with others.
Some Austronesians were actually not immune to Eurasian diseases like the Polynesians and even Guam. The Hawaiians and the Maori both suffered population collapse after contact with the Europeans. The Austronesians did settle in Papua but only on the coastal regions. I heard that the terrain there is quite difficult to pass through. And as for Australia, it might have something to do with the desert climate. And New Zealand and maybe Madagascar were uninhabited when Austronesians settled there.
How did Africa jump over mexico / brazil?
@@AhmadAfif-sl8tc Bantu Africans were never seafarers, austronesian people reached Madagascar before Africans. Also the distance from Indonesia to Australia is mere kilometers while Africa and south America are oceans apart? We are talking about a culture here that goes from Africa to north America while somehow missed the huge landmass in the middle of their range.
@@JcDizon I find it intriguing that despite Northern Australia's geographical and climatic proximity to Indonesian islands, Austronesian people may not have settled there specifically. It's possible that the strong presence of native Australians played a role in this. Austronesian arrivals often came in smaller numbers, typically just a few boats, and lacked a unified centralized national identity or empires, which may have made a coordinated "invasion" and colonization of inhabited lands very hard. This is contrasted with European colonization, where larger numbers meant that even if one ship was repelled, the centralized powers would send 1000 more, making any native resistance almost impossible.
(This is from what I understand from extra research I did after this comment)
Have you ever heard of Sulawesi people sailing to sea cucumbers in northern Darwin?. The Javanese were also masters of the seas, they ship called "Jung" these ships controlled important trade routes in southeast Asia Before Europeans came.. They also sailed to southern Australia Which was recorded by Europeans. They used Jung to trade and go to the war, even they defeating the Mongols. When the Javanese and Portuguese fought in the Strait of Malacca, the Javanese ships were much larger than the Portuguese has,The Portuguese even found a map of the Andalusian peninsula on Javanese maps.
In my opinion, why the "Austronesians" didn't colonize Australia was because they had enough of the fertile natural resources where they lived (southeast Asia), They only sailed to Australia just to trade and barter with the native people. I don't agree if Australia is said to be an isolated place for thousands of years, because before Europeans, we Austronesians had contact with indigenous Australians. Not for colonization like Europeans, but for equal and profitable trade. It's a shame that when Europeans came to Australia, Austronesians were prohibited from sailing there. Hundreds of years of colonization and finally the Jungian shipping traditions of my ancestors were lost.
Fujian, China also has aboriginal groups that are genetically linked to aboriginal Taiwanese which was not included in these maps.
China Austronesians??
China Austronesian speaker?? 😅
Taiwan Austronesians ≠ China Ethnic Chinese
Austronesian Taiwanese vs Military of the Qing dynasty China (Chinese Colonialism）
th-cam.com/video/FbXW0uW4Ozc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=XmLONB3MrkhoAEzS
Correct, I read somewhere that some of them were pushed out of Fujian and into Taiwan?
Source?
Speaking of traditional austronesian speakers not having any or very little austronesia admixture. Some tribes in Borneo particularly in the southwest have almost none. Or the Utsul/Hainan Cham have almost none.
Thanks for the information!
Cham people in the former Champa kingdom area also have very little Austronesian components since they're assimilated Mon-Khmer people. Kra-Dai people might also be sibling group of Austronesian or even Austronesian themselves, although the Hlai from Hainan, Zhuang and Dai from South China, Thai, Lao and Shan people have some sizable Austronesian components related to the Filipino and some Southeast Taiwanese aborigines. The Kra, Buyang, Dong and Sui people have very high Austronesian components though.
Austronesian Peoples come from Taiwan (Formosa)
th-cam.com/video/ihOQ18C3wl4/w-d-xo.html
Formosa(Austronesian) peoples/China Chinese Peoples in Taiwan
th-cam.com/video/DiyAGZM1uVk/w-d-xo.html
@@SuryanChandra the interesting thing about the aforementioned tribes in Borneo is that they are surrounded by austronesian groups that have like
@@ANTSEMUT1It’s because there was a Chinese enclave there once. I forgot the name😅.
Biological and linguistic heritage are always in line, for the exception when the two are borrowing each other's codes. So the dark skinned, fuzzy haired melanesian would by no means share the same language ancestry with the light brown skinned, straight haired Indonesian, Malaysian, The Philipinnes ethnic groups.
Tagalog is the most hardest language in Austronesian language family while indonesian bahasa the easiest one
The Origins of the Austronesian languages
Taiwan Formosan languages
th-cam.com/video/rqrfks0u8GI/w-d-xo.htmlsi=SQ49XrHfb5yQjnMS
It's not a pure Austronesian language since it has a lot of Spanish words and some Chinese words.
@@chewy6487 Filipino language is the one who have a Spanish loan word while Tagalog is purely native
@@chewy6487And? There's no such thing as a "pure languag"... Bahasa has Dutch, English, Chinese, Portuguese, Sanskrit and Arabic Loanwords.
Even Spanish has Arabic loanwords mixed into it.
Really good video well explained, Peoples are just Saying "Austronesia Came from Taiwan" without reason nor mentioned "Theory" "Hypothesis" became cult of believe instead rationality science. I hope you make detailed version of Support and Weakness of Out of Taiwan, Out of Sundaland theory in the future.
Only Western Indonesians and Malaysians have roots in Mainland Southeast Asia. Half of their DNA comes from there, and the other half is Austronesian (from Taiwan). The rest of Austronesians don't have this Mainland Southeast Asian ancestry
Taiwanese indigenous peoples = Native Indonesians（Pribumi）
Taiwanese indigenous peoples(Formosa Peoples )/Chinese Peoples （Tionghoa) in Taiwan
th-cam.com/video/nJ2pUoP6GHE/w-d-xo.html
Thank you! One day I do plan to make a detailed version of the differing theories.
Sundaland is cap
How reliable is Out of Sundaland theory compared to Out of Taiwan?
Mix melayu Bangladesh (Malaysia) 2020
i thought i saw Ezra Miller😅…anyway new subscriber here, and 👁️ ❤ your video 👍
13:31 It would even be, somewhat counterintuitively, hard to distinguish some Javanese with some others. Even among an ethnic group, genetic variations could be quite significant.
Not all Indonesians are Austronesian from the Malayo-Polynesian family, for example, I myself am a Javanese, genetically I am an Austroasiatic people which means South Asian and our language is Indian Sanskrit, and Javanese are not Asian. You can see our physical characteristics are black. dark big eyed Chinese people even call us dwarf black Asians because we don't have Asian features
Fun fact. Thai and Lao people share ancestors with Austronesian but our ancestors sailed to southern china and moved to southeast asia after the mongolian invasion instead of the islands
Thai peoples ≠ South China Chinese peoples ≠ Austronesian peoples = Native Taiwanese = Native Indonesians = Native Filipinos😅
The Origins of the Austronesians
th-cam.com/video/ihOQ18C3wl4/w-d-xo.htmlsi=aK6DQLHzMXLM6Hea
Taiwan is the Origin of Austronesian-speaking People
th-cam.com/video/nxDI-JmZeLc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=2wTlc6TheEQkOovg
Native Taiwanese (Austronesians) vs Military of the Qing dynasty China(Colonialism Chinese ）😅
th-cam.com/video/FbXW0uW4Ozc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=-Cd36uC-PJj3h1SU
Leluhur Orang Jawa (Austronesia )dari Taiwan
th-cam.com/video/nxDI-JmZeLc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=Q0xzTjyz0LFWcCt5
@@LilibethLyka
Like most Indonesian ethnic groups, including the Sundanese of West Java, the Javanese are of Austronesian origins whose ancestors are thought to have originated in Taiwan, and migrated through the Philippines to reach Java between 1,500BC and 1,000BC
Edit: 10:10 concerning the Champa hypothesis of Austronesians migrating down to Indonesia, namely Borneo and other areas
May in fact be true, but there may have been layers of migrations and cultural similarity. The dong son cultures show depictions of men in feather hats and thin upper leg shawls. Dong son was attributed with austroasiatic culture but may have had some influence from neighboring tai kadai or influence from austronesians further up east along the coast of southern china.
Regardless of that fact, both austronesian and Austroasiatic before them may have used the same route down further into indonesia. There is a hypothesis that austroasiatic dispersed via northern vietnam.
Indigenous borneons still harbor austroasiatic influence although largely austronesian now and speak Austronesian languages.
Many in western indonesia to malaysia, basically the former Sundaland continental shelf were assimilated austroasiatics
That were assimilated by migrating austronesians as they were spreading out.
The genetic connections are still there. Austroasiatic was once spread from mainland Southeast asia, to india east into central, all the way down to Java island, Borneo, to Lombok and obviously, peninsular Malaysia and sumatra.
50% genetic connection is not just a coincidence.
There are still various substrate words of Austroasiatic I can see in current Austronesian languages in the archipelago today. Most that dont have connections to the Austric theory.
And many current "Austronesian" cultures in that region have many large shared attributes with Austroasiatic culture like Khmer that do not come as a result of "Indian" influence. Mainly dance, hand movement, hand gestures representing serpents (naga) and large crowns with gold and flowers (NOT Indic influence). Some of these cultures peoples can have their fingers bend back in an arch shape like what you see in Cambodian, now Thai dances, it is Austroasiatic--not Indian or Austronesian.
As an Indonesian its more confusing than that, because we have so many archeologist finding that still become mistery untill this day from clam eating people, homo erectus soloensis, homo wajakensis, denisovan cave painting, to recent discovery of real Hobbit, so good luck if someone decided to debunking all of that.
@@Wkwkwkland904 there's more mysteries underwater when Sundaland sank. So imagine all the stuff that is gone in the water. Negrito civilizations, other artifacts left by the basal east asians, Papuans, Australians before Austros came down.
@@sriparameshwara3855 as far as i know there is no negrito civilization in Indonesia and papuans are Austronesians too, our anchestor were already making trade route with torrest people in Australia since thousand years ago so i doubt there is a conflict between the Austronesians & aboriginal people in Australia.
If anything sunken underwater its from modern civilization happened few hundred years ago and its on the record.
Makes sense. As a Mexican American from the outside looking in, I have observed that populations in western Malaysia and western Indonesia tend to be slightly darker than those in the center islands, and this makes sense if we understand that the Austroasiatics came to the archipelago from the continental north, rather than the oceanic north which is further east.
@@Wkwkwkland904Papuans are not austronesians unless they are from the coast and even then, I’d be hard-fetched to say that their original basal blood is Austronesian.
Actually there is more reasons why the Austronesians are different in appearance but are connected. It is possible that the proto Austronesians must have mingled and inbred with pre Austronesians indigenous people, or it could be conquest or diseases that the Austronesian settlers brought. But I believe that it's barter and trade that has made the Austronesians dispersed. I believe that the Austronesian language is beyond genetic connection. So yeah, I believe that there will more evidence coming in the future.
Kinda but it is to be noted some of those physical features can change in just centuries under the right enviromental pressures.
@@ANTSEMUT1also some parts of "Austronesia" that are closer to mainland Asia can also get migration from Eurasia. For example the "mestizos" of the Philippines would likely have Han Chinese rather than Spanish ancestry. I believe Malaysia and Indonesia would have also had some migration from the Middle East prior to European colonization. In all these cases, these were more likely male traders settling down and marrying local women.
@@nunyabiznes33oh yeah definitely. I read somewhere that it's not uncommon for Filipinos to have like 40% han ancestry.
@@nunyabiznes33 the middle eastern admixture in malay populations is relatively recent only really happening in the last 800 years or so. Indian/south asian admixture is a lot more ancient.
Indeed Austronesian speakers of East Asian ancestry absolutely mixed with pre-existing peoples such as with the "Papuans" in Melanesia. This is confirmed by several genetic study! We also see entire originally non-Austronesian speaking populations switch their original languages to Austronesian languages e.g. All Philippine negritos speak Austronesian languages.
Kadazan, Dusun, Tatana and Rungus are Dusunic languages of the Austronesian languages
Great video. Just want to respond to the Sundaland claims below. The last time Sundaland was completely above sea level was during the last glacial maximum around 21,000 to 20,000 years ago, and that period allowed paleolithic negritos to populate Taiwan and Palawan from Sundaland. However, subsequent warming periods severed those land bridges, and neolithic Proto-Austronesian speakers didn't reach Taiwan until the two Dryases around 14,000 to 10,000 BP, which were abrupt interruptions to the warming post LGM. These neolithic cultures co-existed with the paleolithic cultures well into 6000BP as shown in archeological evidences in Taiwan. They probably mixed and had cultural/linguistic exchanges according to multiple indigenous legends. It would be close to 9000 years after the arrival and isolation of these neolithic inhabitants of Taiwan that these early Austronesian peoples began to expand out of Taiwan, first westward back to Asian mainland and developed into the Kra-Dai speakers, and then southward to the Philippines, and the rest of island South East Aisa, and on to Oceania. The Proto-Austronesian language and peoples developed as a result of at least 8000 years of isolation in Taiwan. I think claiming they came from Sundaland is pretty much pointless. By the time they've reached Taiwan, Sundaland ceased to exist for nearly 10,000 years, and they are distinctly different both genealogically, culturally, and linguistically from the original inhabitants of Sundaland. I mean, granted they were all still descended from early darker skinned migrants into Asia through South Asia into the Sundaland and as a result all shared a relatively high admixture with the Denisovans, but at that point we might as well just call everyone Africans, since we all came from there.
The Origins of the Austronesians
th-cam.com/video/FqMTmeHF05c/w-d-xo.html
Taiwan Formosan Languages
th-cam.com/video/rqrfks0u8GI/w-d-xo.html
The Sundanese are of Austronesian origins and are thought to have originated in Taiwan. They migrated through the Philippines and reached Java between 1,500 BC and 1,000 BC
@@user-nv3bl2kw7l 1500BC? Why would they be called Sundaland people when Sundaland no longer exists and hadn't been a complete landmass above sea water for at least a couple thousand years?
@@paiwanhanit is not completely disappear, sundaland as land mass still has the remnants today consist of many islands, even large islands, thus it would have many artefacts from that time that's still waiting for the archaeologist to find, that's been buried underneath the earth
Pretty sure the people who would become the Austronesian or East Asian in general never came down to Sundaland after they passed through India to Mainland Southeast Asia. They went up to China and started splitting there instead. Even Austro-asiatic speaking people migrated from South China, making the languages of the original inhabitants of Southeast Asia extinct. Austronesian followed after through maritime route from Taiwan and the Phillippines and started penetrating into Mainland Southeast Asia (the Chams, the Malays, and probably some unspecified folk in Funan). Then the Tibeto-Burman people came down from Yunnan and TIbet to Burma and Northeast India (the Chinese would call them the Diqiang people, from Dirong and Qiang people who fled from the Han Chinese in the North, the Austro-asiatic people were called Baipu, although the Pu people were mistakenly used for Tibeto-Burman people and Kra-Dai people during Zhou Dynasty, and the Kra-Dai people were called Baiyue, although the Vietnamese would insist they were Austro-asiatic Vietic people despite the Kra-Dai people being present right above them). The Kra-Dai, specifically the Tai branch would be the last massive migration from China to Southeast Asia. The Han Chinese also migrated in small numbers for thousands of years, even before Tai people came down. The general trend of migration is North-to-South.
First time I met and heard of Micronesia and of Chamorro I met my buddy and I thought he was Filipino and he thought I was Filipino.🤣
The Origins of the Austronesians
th-cam.com/video/ihOQ18C3wl4/w-d-xo.html
Austronesian Peoples/Chinese Peoples in Taiwan
th-cam.com/video/DiyAGZM1uVk/w-d-xo.html
Thats because filipinos replaced alot of the native chammoro, its like a white person claiming to be native american
@ejay11000 which makes sense bec they chamorros were decimated by soanish and japanese. Also, chamorros genes can be traced back to luzon, philippines.
@@ejay11000 Friend this sounds kinda fucked up, but the way I see it is Austronesians came and replaced other Austronesians. The language is surviving, albeit barely. The Filipinos having kids with the surviving Chamorros is a reintroduction of bloodlines that haven’t seen or interacted with each other in more than almost two thousand years if not more. I’m not saying celebrate the death of those people (because what happened is very messed up), but that happening was amazing. Imagine family (If the bloodlines can be humanized), that probably hadn’t seen each other in 2 thousand years, reuniting. All in all what the Spanish that came did, whether knowingly or unknowingly, was a crime and what they did should be put to Justice.
My wife is Chamorro I love learning their language
Austronesian languages are fascinating. Being in Maritime Southeast Asia its awe inspiring how people from these parts many eons ago moved out on little more on what we call "bangka" or "paraw" (types of very commonly used outrigger boats) to island groups that they may have had lottle to no idea existed.
We may not be 100% related from a genetic point, and likely arent considered or will ever be considered a single group (mainly for political reasons), but the expansion of Austronesian speakers is testament to the resourcefulness and courage of our ancestors and humankind in general to seek out new places to live and thrive in.
On another note, I'm sad that most other Filipinos here in the Philippines have no idea about the near ethnic genocide that Filipino soldiers under the Spanish committed upon the CHamoru people. Maybe you can do a video on it? I'd understand if you won't want to though. Its not savory viewing but its a story nearly unknown here in the Philippines, that I think may need to be told to balance the hubris im seeing from so many others of my kababayan.
For context, here in PH, a good many millennial and Gen Z Filipinos are reflecting some worrying ethnocentric and racial superiority complexes, where they believe other "lahi" (=races, including nearly all other Austronesians apart from Indonesians for some weird politicla reason) are to be blamed for all kinds of social and historical ills within their societies, while Filipinos alone are seen as "good", "god fearing" or morally and even racially superior. Theres a good lot of history rewriting happening here too to suit the sociopolitical agendas of our populist govt.
Perhaps a dose of historic reality can balance those extreme views which have been growing here for at least the last 8 or so years?
" where they believe other "lahi" (=races, including nearly all other Austronesians apart from Indonesians for some weird politicla reason)" .. I've never heard of this, ever. Do you mind elaborate on this, or at least point me to the right direction? I mean, why Indonesian..? From all of "modern austronesian nations", Indonesia is the most diverse and therefore harder to exclude. How do they reason themselves out of this.. Haha.
This sounds insane.
haven't heard of that. What kind of weird places are you hanging out in.. Also implying Filipinos are a monolith. There's dozens of ethnic groups here.
You sound like you have your own agenda. First of all, I’ve never heard racial superiority from Filipinos ever but I do see a lot of ethnocentricity from older Filipinos. Too much pride for no reason. Know the difference. You sound like the typical old person who hates and envy younger generations in their prime.
I see half-truth in your message and that’s how I know you’re pushing a propaganda. Editing to fix incorrect parts of written history isn’t the same as rewriting history. You sound like a conspiracy theorist. If indeed Filipinos helped oppress others then it should be told in the right context. For example, Black soldiers have been used throughout American history for its imperialism, are they to be blamed as an ethnic group or the government (who are overwhelmingly European decent) they serve? Anyone with an average IQ can answer this
Out of Taiwan hypnosis is very limited and possibly political, because Taiwan is just an small island, even if they come from Taiwan, but the further question is, where were these native people on Taiwan deriving from? They can’t just pop out of nowhere on this small island, they must have come from other archipelagos
They came from mainland south china, specifically near fujian.
The Origins of the Austronesians
th-cam.com/video/ihOQ18C3wl4/w-d-xo.html
Formosan languages
th-cam.com/video/rqrfks0u8GI/w-d-xo.htmlsi=Gq8pDGDLEABpeEDy
They are from China before Taiwan.
recent African origin of modern humans
Austronesians ≠ China Ethnic Chinese
Austronesian Taiwanese VS China Qing Army （Colonialism）
th-cam.com/video/FbXW0uW4Ozc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=4Er-m1nKqTYtrzm_
as a javanese from indonesia, that speak javanese everyday, probably we understand other austronesian language such as malaysian language, tagalog philipines, and madagascar, but for oceania it's kinda "not that similiar"
bahasa melanesia banyaknya minta ampun, bahkan mungkin separuh lebih bahasa daerah di Indonesia dari papua dan sekitarnya😂. Makanya orang timur di Indo umumnya pakai bahasa melayu dari jaman dulu, faktanya bahasa khas timur itu lebih tua dari bahasa indo sendiri😂
@@bayuadiwicaksono6806 yap, setuju, bukan cuma melanesia dari papua / papua nugini aja sih, tapi juga beberapa negara seperti kepulauan solomon, kaledonia baru, ataupun vanuatu, mereka juga punya banyak banget bahasa dari 1 negara....
@@bayuadiwicaksono6806 faktanya, bahasa jawa sendiri bahasa native yang paling banyak tersebar, biasa nya disebarkan lewat orang jawa yang merantau ke tempat lain.... makanya bisa ada orang jawa di madagaskar, kita orang2 yang berjiwa petualang wkwkwkwkwk 🤣🤣🤣
@@umhomemgravida petualang mageran, nyaman males pindah lagi😂
@@bayuadiwicaksono6806 betul, kalau udah nemu tempat enak ngapain pindah wkwk
We are
Wow. 0:54. This is colonization on epic scale.
I'm from Northern Vanuatu and my language is the same as Samoa. So the part about Melanesian language not being related to Polynesia is not true
Vanuatu uses austronesian/polynesian language. Your genetic is melanesian, but you have been changed by the austronesian sailors that went there. They made you speak polynesian language. What is Five in your language? Lima? That's austronesian.
@@nurprimahidayah4620bro it not only Vanuatu. Most of Melanesians . Melanesian have many different ethnic groups. Some ethic Melanesian are just darker version of Polynesians. All are related
@@Nagin-zt6sc Melanesians are the earliest human that came in the region. They can be found in the island of Papua and the surrounding islands, and they are related to Australian aborigines and Philippine's negritos. They are also distantly related to Indian Dravidas. In general, eastern Indonesians have 20-100% melanesian ancestry. However in the western region, there are only 1-5% melanesian genetic. They have specific characteristic like frizzy hair, dark skin complexion, sometimes blonde hair, and hairy body.
I'm Indonesian... Some indonesians are very dark because we have melanesian blood. If you are southeast asian, you will notice that during SEA Games, some of our athletes look like black african. They are actually Melanesian, the black tribes from Asia and Oceanic region.
In old tagalog ‘banwa’ or ‘banua’ means inhabited land. And in cebuano banwa mean ‘homeland’, in Kapampangan it means sky or heaven.
@@Nagin-zt6sc What are you talking about? I know that melanesians in PI have papuan and austronesian ancestry. And why you said that their genetic is completely absent in SEA? You do realize in indonesia, there are 3 Provinces with papuan/melanesian genetics? We have NTT, Moluccas, and West Papua.
The genetic makeup in PI can be found easily in SEA. The funny thing is, SEA is more diverse than PI. SEA has NEGRITO Philippines, Papuans, Austroasiatic, Austronesians, Tai Kadai, Sino Tibetan, and even "the typical oriental people" like Viets.
I heard that in Austronesian Malaysia it is called "Alam Melayu" this makes me feel like laughing at how they came up with that name. Feels like politics
Same like the term ' Indonesia ' trying very hard to replace ' Melayu ' 😂
@@MyRegat What are you talking about? Indonesia is a term used to name a country, and the previous name was Nusantara and that is the name of the official capital of Indonesia in 2024. The name Malay refers to a former kingdom in Jambi, Indonesia. I think you're talking about different things in the context of discussing "Austronesia"
its better than Indonesia Raya..😂
kenapa aja lucu mas broo ?? Its still possible to have "Alam Melayu" as a subset of the greater Austronesian zone. Personally, i feel "Alam Melayu" is a long stretch of area from southern thailand kra area (maybe from phuket, for simplicity) down through semenanjung malaysia, onto singapore, and ends with batam/bintan. inikan cuman ikatan "budaya" antara provinsi" rentas sempadan negara, tentunya bukan political.
LMAO, said u laughing but when others said replacing the word "Indonesia" is more funny u suddenly butthurt 🤣🤣🤣🤣
Im malaysian malay💪💪
Ocean language sounds cool. We are people of the islands, where the deadly volcanoes meet the ocean.
Great video. BTW, the map used misspells "Philippines" as "Phillipines," a common mistake. It should be spelled with two P's and one L. That's because the country, as you know, was named after King Philip II of Spain, thus the spelling.
Thank you very much for pointing out the mistake, I appreciate it.
Lmao minor mistake 😂 don't get your panties in a twist
No panties, Shanani6937
He was still the Prince of Asturias (heir apparent), not yet the King, when our island country was named in honor of him
@@shahani6037 philipiuna always do that, always putting spotlight on herself 🤭