Absolutely outstanding! A clear and concise presentation of information, accompanied by fantastic visual cues and animations. Wish I had found this video sooner.
Top tier, effective education. Use of graphics, font color implementation, use of the program and of course quality of content and logic. And - black backgound, contrast of which favors use of color discriminators as well as VASTLY easier on the eyes ( light energy impinging upon the eye).
The main difference between adrenergic and cholinergic is that adrenergic involves the use of neurotransmitter adrenaline and noradrenalin whereas cholinergic involves the use of neurotransmitter Acetylcholine.👍
But on some level muscarinic receptors can activate adrenaline? I guess similar to physical exercise acts somehow? I’ve read that Muscarinic receptors can somehow replicate V02 max oxygen consumption
Hi Dr Morton.I am a Urologist that recently immigrated to the United States and I want to take the USMLE exam.I am very appropriate for your wonderful videos.You are great.please make more videos.
its a shame that you were educated in your country and are now leaving for greener pastures, too bad your homeland will miss your talents- what will happen when every person from a third world shithole comes to america and turns the last refuge on earth into a similar third world shithole- when all the money is gone where will the masses flock to then?
These videos are by far the best educational videos I've seen. Did you do a teaching qualification alongside your PhD? I did during my PhD and a lot of the way in which you present information was covered. Love it, seriously, outstanding videos. Helping me with my medical degree so much.
@@TheNotedAnatomist Incredibly! As a British medical student learning in Ukraine, I have come to depend upon your clarity of presentation/explanation to understand most topics! Thank you!!!
for me personally, you sound like the guy from khan academy! i was thrown off when i realised you were a different person ! anyways this is a great video!
Hi, thanks so much for this video! Far and away the clearest explanation I have come across. One question, at 12:09, it says that B2 receptors increase drainage of aqueous humor. Should that be increased production instead, with maybe increased drainage on the cholinergic side?
Thanks for sharing. Could you do a video on something like Gas Laws & Diffusion/Perfusion of the respiratory system? Also, stuff like COPD & Restrictive/interstitial lung diseases would be a great help for me.
@@TheNotedAnatomist Thanks a million. No hurry. I’m an adult student in a local Respiratory Therapy community college program. You’re heart, lung, and central nervous system videos have helped me tremendously with understanding blood flow/anatomy. My class is begging to dig deeper into Arterial Blood Gases, various pressures throughout the body, ventilator settings like tidal volume & FVC, and low/high flow oxygen masks/devices. Lord willing I’ll be graduating next year in May 2022. Then the TMC exam for state license to work at hospital.
Great video! I have one question though. You said that the activation of M2 receptors decreases heart rate. Does it also act on its force of contraction? In other words, is the effect purely chronotropic (as one might be led to think given that we are talking about a time delay)?
Contractile myocytes have M2 receptors and thus likely have some limited contractile ability. However, their influence on total heart contraction is negligible and clinically not significant.
I have a question , M3 its a Gq coupled receptor, but how Ach relax the internal ureter sphincter? ( Isnt Gq increase Ca in muscles and stimulate it to contract)
Great question ... The different responses to M3 receptor stimulation in the bladder's detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter are due to variations in the intracellular signaling pathways within these two smooth muscle types. 1. Detrusor Muscle (Bladder Wall): - In the detrusor muscle, M3 cholinergic receptors are coupled to Gq proteins. - When these receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh), the Gq proteins activate the phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway. - PLC cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). - IP3 then triggers the release of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels. - Elevated intracellular calcium levels in the detrusor muscle result in smooth muscle contraction, which is essential for bladder emptying during urination. 2. Internal Urethral Sphincter: - In the internal urethral sphincter, M3 cholinergic receptors are also coupled to Gq proteins, but the downstream signaling pathway differs. - Instead of stimulating PLC and triggering an increase in intracellular calcium, stimulation of M3 receptors in the internal urethral sphincter results in the inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC). - Inhibition of AC leads to a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. - Reduced cAMP levels result in the relaxation of the smooth muscle in the internal urethral sphincter. - The relaxation of this sphincter facilitates the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra. In-A-Nutshell … while both the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter possess M3 cholinergic receptors coupled to Gq proteins, the downstream intracellular signaling pathways they activate differ. In the detrusor muscle, M3 receptor activation leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and contraction, while in the internal urethral sphincter, it leads to a decrease in cAMP and relaxation. These distinct responses allow for the coordination of bladder emptying and controlled urination.
Plz help me to clarify this, Sphincters in the GIT are relaxed under parasympathetic NS. But these smooth muscles in these sphincters have M3 receptors (they are Gq receptors and doing some kind of stimulatory action ) So these muscles should be constricted as I feel 🤔 I can't understand this theory!
Great video! Where did you get that first diagram of the spinal cord, the associated nerves and the target organs? I haven't seen any other like it and would love to print it out!
Sir i would say there is contraction of the sphincters due to which there is opening and movement of food and urine taking place… kindly correct me if im wrong
Is the adrenal gland receive the acetylcholine from parasympathetic fiber or only from sympathetic ?,I mean it has muscarinic receptors or not ? I dont understand this part of topic ,please explain to me ,,,and when the sympathetic fiber cross the adrenal gland what will happen after that
Where can I find information on excess acetylcholine/insufficient acetylcholinesterase on cerebral vasoconsteriction? My hypothesis is that this imbalance is causing hypoperfusion and low metabolism in some nodes of my brain. Everyone's making clips about the same things everyone else is making clips about, but no-one wants to make clips about this. Meanwhile I spend year after year trying to cope with life while my brain is being starved of oxygen and nutrition. Thy hypoperfusion and low metabolism have shown up without progression on tomography scans over five years. It's my hypothesis that excess acetylcholine is causing vasodilation, possibly via mild brain inflammation. I can't find evidence to disprove or prove this hypothesis. I take neurotransmitter supplements to try my luck finding out the right combination. Why isn't a professional doctor supervising this instead of leaving me to sink or swim unaided?
Absolutely outstanding!
A clear and concise presentation of information, accompanied by fantastic visual cues and animations. Wish I had found this video sooner.
I am happy to hear it was helpful ... thank you!
Your tutorials are something else.
Even though I know the topic, I do watch yours, I can’t help it!
Thanks a lot🙏
So nice of you:)
really like the picture in the end, demonstrating all organs functioning under muscarinic and adrenergic agonists
thank you sir i was struggling to understand rather than memorizing and you helped out a lot
Thank you sir....your way of explanation is amazing....you make the concept more easy...
Top tier, effective education. Use of graphics, font color implementation, use of the program and of course quality of content and logic. And - black backgound, contrast of which favors use of color discriminators as well as VASTLY easier on the eyes ( light energy impinging upon the eye).
Thanks very much 🙏🏻
Finally a new Video!
Thank you so much Dr Morton 🌸
Thanks ... trying to add a new one every Saturday.
Your making pharmacology so easy😘🥰🥰, thank you..
The main difference between adrenergic and cholinergic is that adrenergic involves the use of neurotransmitter adrenaline and noradrenalin whereas cholinergic involves the use of neurotransmitter Acetylcholine.👍
But on some level muscarinic receptors can activate adrenaline? I guess similar to physical exercise acts somehow? I’ve read that Muscarinic receptors can somehow replicate V02 max oxygen consumption
Thank you so much for this video, it's absolutely fantastic, very well explained with visuals.
You're very welcome!
Hi Dr Morton.I am a Urologist that recently immigrated to the United States and I want to take the USMLE exam.I am very appropriate for your wonderful videos.You are great.please make more videos.
its a shame that you were educated in your country and are now leaving for greener pastures, too bad your homeland will miss your talents- what will happen when every person from a third world shithole comes to america and turns the last refuge on earth into a similar third world shithole- when all the money is gone where will the masses flock to then?
@@keithhere5292 when you don't know nothing.It is better to be quiet.the first step to be a good doctor is that never judge anyone at all.
These videos are by far the best educational videos I've seen. Did you do a teaching qualification alongside your PhD? I did during my PhD and a lot of the way in which you present information was covered. Love it, seriously, outstanding videos. Helping me with my medical degree so much.
Extremely helpful video, thanks for the time and effort you have put to make these videos
That diagram at 12:12 ... you're a hero! Thank you!!
I am so glad that diagram is helpful.
@@TheNotedAnatomist Incredibly! As a British medical student learning in Ukraine, I have come to depend upon your clarity of presentation/explanation to understand most topics! Thank you!!!
Thank you soo much sir..
Adorable presentation!
Much needed ❤️❤️❤️
Outstanding as usual!
Hey Thanks Joe! That is kind of you ... always nice to see you :)
The best explanation ever had. Thank u very much 😍
Outstanding explanation so nice
Thank you for this notes
my god man. i love your videos. i hope you have a really beatiful life my friend, your a the best
Wow, ☺️ thank you
Fantastic! I love the animations.
😁I envy your students Dr.Morton, in the best way possible. lol
This was amazing!
Very helpful, thank you.
exactly what i was looking for. thanks a ton !
You're welcome!
Good IllustrationI love it
wounderful lectures,thanks sir.
Thank you so much. Really helpful ❤
Glad it was helpful!
I very thank you for this details so i will give you my heart❤
Thanks a lot.Great presentation
Glad you liked it
I needed this so bad 🥰
Thanks for making this video 😊
My pleasure 😊
Amazing ❤️❤️,please make more videos🙏🏻🙏🏻
for me personally, you sound like the guy from khan academy! i was thrown off when i realised you were a different person ! anyways this is a great video!
Merci beaucoup Zenab
Thank you, very easy to follow
Absolutely amazing thankyou so much
Thank youuu ☺️ awesome lecture
You're welcome 😊
Hi, thanks so much for this video! Far and away the clearest explanation I have come across. One question, at 12:09, it says that B2 receptors increase drainage of aqueous humor. Should that be increased production instead, with maybe increased drainage on the cholinergic side?
I should have included that as well thank-you. In other words, i should have included that B2 receptors also increase AH production
Thanks for sharing.
Could you do a video on something like Gas Laws & Diffusion/Perfusion of the respiratory system?
Also, stuff like COPD & Restrictive/interstitial lung diseases would be a great help for me.
Hi Jay ... i hope to add some more Pulmonary content soon. But it may take me a couple of months.
@@TheNotedAnatomist Thanks a million. No hurry. I’m an adult student in a local Respiratory Therapy community college program. You’re heart, lung, and central nervous system videos have helped me tremendously with understanding blood flow/anatomy.
My class is begging to dig deeper into Arterial Blood Gases, various pressures throughout the body, ventilator settings like tidal volume & FVC, and low/high flow oxygen masks/devices.
Lord willing I’ll be graduating next year in May 2022. Then the TMC exam for state license to work at hospital.
@@jaymanatee5863 Respiratory therapy program ... with COVID you must be busy and will continue to be busy! I wish you the best in your studies.
love u!!! SHING!
Thank you very well dun helped me a lot
My biggest hear me out is The Noted Anatomist
awesome vid, thanks!
great video!
Thanks!😊
Thank you this was amazing
Great video! I have one question though. You said that the activation of M2 receptors decreases heart rate. Does it also act on its force of contraction? In other words, is the effect purely chronotropic (as one might be led to think given that we are talking about a time delay)?
Contractile myocytes have M2 receptors and thus likely have some limited contractile ability. However, their influence on total heart contraction is negligible and clinically not significant.
I have a question , M3 its a Gq coupled receptor, but how Ach relax the internal ureter sphincter? ( Isnt Gq increase Ca in muscles and stimulate it to contract)
Great question ... The different responses to M3 receptor stimulation in the bladder's detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter are due to variations in the intracellular signaling pathways within these two smooth muscle types.
1. Detrusor Muscle (Bladder Wall):
- In the detrusor muscle, M3 cholinergic receptors are coupled to Gq proteins.
- When these receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh), the Gq proteins activate the phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway.
- PLC cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
- IP3 then triggers the release of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels.
- Elevated intracellular calcium levels in the detrusor muscle result in smooth muscle contraction, which is essential for bladder emptying during urination.
2. Internal Urethral Sphincter:
- In the internal urethral sphincter, M3 cholinergic receptors are also coupled to Gq proteins, but the downstream signaling pathway differs.
- Instead of stimulating PLC and triggering an increase in intracellular calcium, stimulation of M3 receptors in the internal urethral sphincter results in the inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC).
- Inhibition of AC leads to a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.
- Reduced cAMP levels result in the relaxation of the smooth muscle in the internal urethral sphincter.
- The relaxation of this sphincter facilitates the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra.
In-A-Nutshell … while both the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter possess M3 cholinergic receptors coupled to Gq proteins, the downstream intracellular signaling pathways they activate differ. In the detrusor muscle, M3 receptor activation leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and contraction, while in the internal urethral sphincter, it leads to a decrease in cAMP and relaxation. These distinct responses allow for the coordination of bladder emptying and controlled urination.
Thank you 🙂
in this case why the resptor of sphincter isM3 not M2 it works in the same michinism?@@TheNotedAnatomist
thank u so much ♥️♥️♥️
Plz help me to clarify this, Sphincters in the GIT are relaxed under parasympathetic NS. But these smooth muscles in these sphincters have M3 receptors (they are Gq receptors and doing some kind of stimulatory action ) So these muscles should be constricted as I feel 🤔 I can't understand this theory!
great yin yang analogy
Best 😂
thank you
You're welcome
Very good video
Muscarine is also an M1 agonist
great, How can I say thankyou?
thank you so much !
Great video! Where did you get that first diagram of the spinal cord, the associated nerves and the target organs? I haven't seen any other like it and would love to print it out!
Thank you🙏
Sir i would say there is contraction of the sphincters due to which there is opening and movement of food and urine taking place… kindly correct me if im wrong
Is the adrenal gland receive the acetylcholine from parasympathetic fiber or only from sympathetic ?,I mean it has muscarinic receptors or not ? I dont understand this part of topic ,please explain to me ,,,and when the sympathetic fiber cross the adrenal gland what will happen after that
The Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla have nicotinic receptors and are innervated by pre-gang sympathetic fibers.
U the best
I want hip joint please explain
Love
👌👌👌
🙏
Where can I find information on excess acetylcholine/insufficient acetylcholinesterase on cerebral vasoconsteriction?
My hypothesis is that this imbalance is causing hypoperfusion and low metabolism in some nodes of my brain.
Everyone's making clips about the same things everyone else is making clips about, but no-one wants to make clips about this.
Meanwhile I spend year after year trying to cope with life while my brain is being starved of oxygen and nutrition.
Thy hypoperfusion and low metabolism have shown up without progression on tomography scans over five years.
It's my hypothesis that excess acetylcholine is causing vasodilation, possibly via mild brain inflammation.
I can't find evidence to disprove or prove this hypothesis. I take neurotransmitter supplements to try my luck finding out the right combination.
Why isn't a professional doctor supervising this instead of leaving me to sink or swim unaided?
If I have power, there will be only one anatomist having a license to teach anatomy .......Morton.
:)
Ditto
Shinnn
giant
Organophosphate poisoning
The ajar improvement clasically squash because attempt immunochemically dream alongside a shiny rain. white, animated game
شكراً😭🤍🤍🤍
I very thank you for this details so i will give you my heart❤
Thank you
thank you