Most Common ECG Patterns You Should Know

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 175

  • @RhesusMedicine
    @RhesusMedicine  9 หลายเดือนก่อน +17

    Free Practice Material: app.jungleai.com/deck/UvGLbsk9luIrIrcfuqSF?r=DnwHGyl95QQgP3ecVSPDHrFGE0E0qB&ref=rhesusmedicine
    Video Timestamps:
    0:00 Sinus Rhythm (Sinus Tachycardia & Sinus Bradycardia
    1:06 Atrial Fibrillation 2:35 - AF video link
    2:38 Atrial Flutter
    4:26 Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVCs) & Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs)
    5:40 Bundle Branch Block (LBBB & RBBB)
    6:41 1st Degree AV Block
    7:03 2nd Degree AV Block - Mobitz 1 (Wenckebach) & Mobitz 2 (Hay)
    7:39 3rd Degree Heart Block (Complete Heart Block) 8:15 Heart Block Video Link
    8:19 Ventricular Tachycardia & Ventricular Fibrillation
    10:20 ST Elevation
    Recommended sources for further reading & video references:
    litfl.com/ecg-library/
    ecgwaves.com/

    •  5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Thanks for your videos.
      I am assuming that Oscilloscopes are more sensitive and advanced than EKG machines, yet I can not detect whatever EKG machines are detecting, or maybe I couldn't figure it out. You are experts, can you please tell me how to do it and what I am doing wrong?
      I also can not understand how the heart's internal currents of AV and SA nodes are detected on the surface of the skin all over the body, please help me to understand.

  • @vallano8970
    @vallano8970 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +99

    Never bother commenting on these but geniunely thank you so much for not only explaning the rhythms but giving the best and easiest ways to identify them along with images. Easily the best video on here

    • @Magi-fl1yn
      @Magi-fl1yn 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      Super ❤

    • @cholachisimba7074
      @cholachisimba7074 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      I couldn't agree more! 👌🏾

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Very much appreciate the feedback, thank you! 🙏

  • @dr.aarzoo5115
    @dr.aarzoo5115 ปีที่แล้ว +205

    1.) 0:15 Sinus rhythm i.e Normal rhythm of the heart
    2.) 1:06 Atrial Fibrillation
    3.) 2:38 Atrial Flutter
    4.) 4:26 Premature contractions
    5.) 5:39 Bundle branch blocks
    6.) 6:40 1st degree AV block
    7.) 7:02 2nd degree AV block
    8.) 7:38 3rd degree AV block
    9.) 8:18 Ventricular Tachycardia + Ventricular fibrillation
    10.) 10:18 ST elevation

    • @Suvampaul619
      @Suvampaul619 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Can 3:27 you tell me why qrs complex upside down?

    • @lukmanhussain8552
      @lukmanhussain8552 ปีที่แล้ว

      😊

    • @EdwardsNH
      @EdwardsNH 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@Suvampaul619 This is a 12 lead EKG, so it depends on the direction of the lead they're reading... That confused me at first too. I don't think I explained it well enough for you to understand, but I pointed you in the right direction to figure out what you're going to need to figure out anyway

    • @Suvampaul619
      @Suvampaul619 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@EdwardsNH got ya.. Thanks

    • @simonewright1120
      @simonewright1120 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Thk u

  • @SquirrelOfDOOOOM
    @SquirrelOfDOOOOM 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +15

    As a med student I use these videos to help my studies for courses and they are good for that. But in my opinion these videos are even better to use as a refresher: they are short, to the point and practice oriented, thank you so much!

  • @wholeNwon
    @wholeNwon ปีที่แล้ว +328

    I am often critical of videos like yours since it is usually very easy to find errors in the presentations. That was not the case here. I might have chosen to elaborate on some points but the video could then easily have increased massively in length. The algorithm brought me here but now I think I'll watch more of your other videos and learn.

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว +28

      Thank you for the feedback! Very grateful to you for taking the time to watch 😊

    • @wholeNwon
      @wholeNwon ปีที่แล้ว

      @@RhesusMedicine Incidentally, as a student, I met a man who had once been treated for paroxysmal AVJ reciprocating tachycardia by Dr. Wenckebach himself.

    • @margaretjames9775
      @margaretjames9775 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +14

      My heart almost skipped. Thanks Goodness there's nothing wrong with the video

    • @devin9512
      @devin9512 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Yeah man we use this guys channel in med school lol

    • @wholeNwon
      @wholeNwon 12 วันที่ผ่านมา

      @ Whatever it takes.

  • @EdwardsNH
    @EdwardsNH 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +47

    What I don't like about ANY videos explaining EKG patterns, is they always show ideal reads. Almost all the EKGs I see are hot messes, that even if it's a pattern I know easily on something like this video, it takes a bit to separate the static from the actual read

  • @beautiful_sky111
    @beautiful_sky111 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +8

    this is simplest shortest and easiest I found among all videos. thank you.

    • @joankuehn4479
      @joankuehn4479 หลายเดือนก่อน

      your brilliant i just dx myself. Ill tick

  • @NRSGTrey
    @NRSGTrey 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    In nursing school at the moment, this has made it much clearer what to look for on the graph, the name of the dysrhythmias, and their general causes! thank you so much!

  • @carlbussmann7559
    @carlbussmann7559 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Very good and very useful. Non-cardiologists should review this several times.and periodically.

  • @NB-ky5ol
    @NB-ky5ol 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    This is great. I wish you had gone into a little more detail and the strips were larger to view but the info is great! -R.N. In the stress lab.

  • @SabrinaBush-l7n
    @SabrinaBush-l7n ปีที่แล้ว +11

    great ECG walk through, would watch again. Thank you very much for this interesting lecture.

  • @KiwikimNZ
    @KiwikimNZ ปีที่แล้ว +29

    Excellent video! Thank you. Cardiology for me, seems to confuse me as much as math does! I never seem to be able to grasp the concepts, but the light bulb went off for me in this explanation, so thank you lol

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว +3

      So glad to hear it! Surprising how much math/physics are involved 👌

    • @jayahmad7993
      @jayahmad7993 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      hey can you sharw yours

  • @waelfadlallah8939
    @waelfadlallah8939 ปีที่แล้ว +22

    That is very much useful to know and memorize 🙏

  • @orlean110
    @orlean110 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    amazing video, especially the mnemonic "william marrow". just one feedback: in Germany/Switzerland we say PQ interval instead you PR interval. In this case PQ makes more sense because as you show in 6:56 your interval starts with the beginnin of P and stops at the beginning of Q and not at the end of Q. Thanks a lot and thumbs up for this video

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว

      That's interesting to know, thank you!

  • @dopamine814
    @dopamine814 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Thank you for very simple and easy explanation.

  • @sangrampatil2148
    @sangrampatil2148 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Very simple and informative.excellent job.

    • @kyinrunner
      @kyinrunner 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Best 12 lead explanation I ever experienced. I’m a 14 year NREMT Basic. Everyone training should start here.

  • @KDB21
    @KDB21 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Thank you for sharing! This made me feel even better about my ecg. Doctor just said it looked ok, but I prefer explanations like this! Thank you!

  • @beachesandmore
    @beachesandmore ปีที่แล้ว +9

    In the US... We call the (Aflutter waves = Large F waves), & (AFib waves = small f waves). Other than that it's pretty good. ✅. Also, with 3rd degree, I've just recently seen were the ventricular rate was in the 60's & 70's , which was cool, but apparently can happen.

    • @YourDay67
      @YourDay67 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      If you identify or trace the regularity of the wave, it’s pretty easy to differentiate AFlutter vs Afib. Sawtooth is for Aflutter however it’s might some time be difficult to identify the sawtooth so for me regularity is always final conclusion per se

    • @beachesandmore
      @beachesandmore 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Aflutter does not always have a (regular) ventricular rate which can be misleading. & You can't have aflutter without a (saw-tooth or shark tooth) configuration. If you are having difficulty viewing the (saw-tooth or shark-tooth) configuration then go to lead (V) & turn the amplitude/ gain up & you will see if there is the (saw-tooth or shark teeth) configuration every time. ✅

  • @hengyi
    @hengyi ปีที่แล้ว +5

    great ECG walk through, would watch again

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you! Pleased that it helped you 🙂

  • @CheatTheReaperOG
    @CheatTheReaperOG 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excellent! Clear and concise for a topic that easily gets lost in the weeds.
    The animation was spot on.

  • @kjw1603
    @kjw1603 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is EXTREMELY well done, and an excellent overview! THANK YOU

  • @samuelarman9693
    @samuelarman9693 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    You're literally a life-saver man, thanks a lot.

  • @harveybc
    @harveybc ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Interesting to see how complicated reading these things are. Not being a doctor I watched it out of curiosity. I now know how some of my math and physics students must have felt like. 🙂

  • @Suji-gg8ux
    @Suji-gg8ux 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    ❤Thank you for the information. Nursing student. ❤👍👍

  • @debbietweedy9922
    @debbietweedy9922 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Best info presented in a way of easy understanding. Thank you

  • @tanichiro
    @tanichiro ปีที่แล้ว +2

    found this while studying at uni.. much better explanation than i've been given haha
    this is great!

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว

      Happy to hear it was useful, best of luck with Uni!

  • @schioncalzanzi2019
    @schioncalzanzi2019 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Atrioventricular mobitz type I is by far the easiest among all other AV blocks due to the PR segment progressively separation from its QRS complex (ventricular depolorization) every cycle.

  • @gayathris910
    @gayathris910 ปีที่แล้ว

    Your bundle of knowledge is great and useful but if you can number the series of videos with relevant topics, it will be easy to follow.

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for the feedback - I've tried putting the videos in playlists which may be a bit more organised for you?

  • @SamyiaMMirza
    @SamyiaMMirza ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Plz make the complete version of this naat... ❤️❤️

  • @user-ui8sp5th4g
    @user-ui8sp5th4g 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Incredible video.

  • @beematsumoto4335
    @beematsumoto4335 ปีที่แล้ว

    Whoa!!! This is so good! I really like this video! It helps me a lot!! Thaaaank youuuu

  • @JackReynolds-w7g
    @JackReynolds-w7g ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My story: One evening I was dozing on my couch while de-frosting my freezer.
    Suddenly, a huge chunk of ice had fallen from the roof of the freezer and startled me. For days afterward whatever-had-happened had left me with a terrible rumble-like beating in my chest. The wild beats were really strong and unbelievably random. On day two or so I went to my doctor and he immediately wired me onto an EKG machine. It was wierd, cause just afterwards when I'd returned to another room, he listened to my heart once again - and my heart had returned to a normal sinus rhythm, while in the doctor's office ! I wish that I could remember whether he said that it was Atrial or Ventricular fibrillation. He didn't send me to a Cardiologist (I sure as hell would have if I were a doctor), he just gave me a prescription for something called Digitalis or something like that. He told me, he said: " ... It's gonna happen again". I was scared, but it never did happen again. But man, incredibly uncomfortable. That night just after it happened I got on my bike and drove myself up steep hills, I thought that it might make my heart behave itself; of course, it didn't. Great video though, reminds me of tests I had in a Zoology class.

    • @blakelatour3554
      @blakelatour3554 ปีที่แล้ว

      Did you need CPR?

    • @markme3259
      @markme3259 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      …I would have checked out your Adrenals in addition …a sudden shock can destabilize the release of adrenaline…

  • @4BIDDEN.SECRETS
    @4BIDDEN.SECRETS ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Feedback for the OP: The videos can get even better if it includes less facts (that we can read in books anyways) and more concepts. In other words the videos should try to make topics easier to understand as we study them. u can make the videos in 1.5 speed that way u can squueze a 15 min video to 10 mins and use these 5 extra minutes to give some background info to these facts

  • @MahaliaBeauty
    @MahaliaBeauty 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thank you for breaking it down! ❤

  • @ducklover2227
    @ducklover2227 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I'm not even planning on being a doctor, yet this is interesting as hell.

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I can dream of a Netflix series!

  • @bkkeeclinic.md2
    @bkkeeclinic.md2 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thanks, it's useful guide

  • @lazirus7692
    @lazirus7692 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Brugada causes ST elevation in V1, V2 as well

  • @MichelleReeceLuxuryHomes
    @MichelleReeceLuxuryHomes 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thank you so very much !!!

  • @hasanrostaii3824
    @hasanrostaii3824 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ty so much to made me free in unknown these after 6month

  • @aditis5179
    @aditis5179 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you! Very helpful video.

  • @HariKrishnan-nm3lx
    @HariKrishnan-nm3lx 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Very informative ❤

  • @michealbrown8277
    @michealbrown8277 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I've went through all these symptoms I've seen readouts that look very simular to my readouts. Especially ventricular Afib.

  • @armyforlife3191
    @armyforlife3191 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you. This helped out a lot

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad to hear it, thanks for watching!

  • @SIMRANDAGAR-lu9eu
    @SIMRANDAGAR-lu9eu ปีที่แล้ว

    I liked your class a lot ❤from india

  • @deadpool-lh4gz
    @deadpool-lh4gz ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow great 😌.it will help in exam.

  • @MuhammadUmer-uw2zm
    @MuhammadUmer-uw2zm ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Very helpful tnx ❤

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad to hear, thanks for watching 🙂

  • @shaukskhan2166
    @shaukskhan2166 ปีที่แล้ว

    much informative and in easy way

  • @karimabouchiba9559
    @karimabouchiba9559 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the amazing lecture

  • @tmz534
    @tmz534 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you well explained

  • @sidrasikandar9877
    @sidrasikandar9877 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you so much ❤

  • @atherguo4240
    @atherguo4240 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video! Thank you.

  • @theamerican_insider
    @theamerican_insider ปีที่แล้ว

    Great educational video

  • @ckarlafit1027
    @ckarlafit1027 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Hi, in the Right BBB can you underline or circle where is the M and the W? In left BBB I can see the M and the W but can't figure it out in the Right. thanks

  • @FLtailboard
    @FLtailboard หลายเดือนก่อน

    awesome thank you!

  • @Sunshine-555s
    @Sunshine-555s ปีที่แล้ว

    My Son had WPW syndrome
    Wolf Parkinson white
    had an ablation done to freeze extra pathway

  •  4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you!

  • @bozenajencek
    @bozenajencek ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for a lecture.

  • @TravelFreeBird
    @TravelFreeBird ปีที่แล้ว

    11:55 Sorry, from my understanding from the video, a STEMI found in V1-V4 (anterior chest wall) means a reciprocal depression in V7-V9 (posterior chest wall). However, from the diagram provided, there is instead reciprocal depression in leads 3 and AVF (which are inferior chest wall leads). May you kindly explain this? If not, then perhaps...
    - Lead 2 (besides leads 3 and aVF) is also an inferior chest wall lead. Why did lead 2 not show reciprocal depression as well?
    - What are other examples? In this case, anterior vs. posterior. What about findings for the lateral leads (AVL, V5, V6) (where is the reciprocal depression found?) or inferior leads?

  • @noahsmith9484
    @noahsmith9484 8 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Yooooo you did a ECG on the heavy weight UFC champion John jones thats sick !

  • @mubashrajabbar3919
    @mubashrajabbar3919 ปีที่แล้ว

    It was such an easy vein 🙂

  • @Piranavan-ey5mn
    @Piranavan-ey5mn 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you very much sir

  • @loveithateit8520
    @loveithateit8520 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you.

  • @melisg.5868
    @melisg.5868 ปีที่แล้ว

    best video ever!

  • @manaamnaa7680
    @manaamnaa7680 ปีที่แล้ว

    At 0:37 sinus rythm not always followed by QRS complex

  • @DrKumarN
    @DrKumarN ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank u very much 🙏

  • @ZebralterMedical
    @ZebralterMedical 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excellent

  • @Star-tc7er
    @Star-tc7er ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much for the knowledge,I am now enlightened but its to late for me to see ds video my brother already passed away a few weeks ago.😢

    • @diamondwarmate4934
      @diamondwarmate4934 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Please accept my deepest condolences 💐

    • @Star-tc7er
      @Star-tc7er ปีที่แล้ว

      @@diamondwarmate4934 Thank you so much. 🫂

  • @NormaSpmaria
    @NormaSpmaria 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What about complete right bundle block?

  • @H2x2x2
    @H2x2x2 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    ❤🙏 Thank you Sir.

  • @lovefaith1794
    @lovefaith1794 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so very much

  • @debigdogk9563
    @debigdogk9563 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for sharing ❤

  • @Percules1337
    @Percules1337 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Bro in sweden we say sinusbrady is

  • @3211SD
    @3211SD 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Do you have a video for a 6 lead ecg

  • @susudiwa7101
    @susudiwa7101 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    hope i can pass my internal med exam!

  • @charleshurwitz6154
    @charleshurwitz6154 ปีที่แล้ว

    There's a mistake at 4:58. PVCs may be dangerous if they exceed 10-15% of total heartbeats, not 10-15 per hour

    • @andrew1234856
      @andrew1234856 ปีที่แล้ว

      Does the percentage change? U can change per hour to per minute and vice-versa?

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you for your comment! 😁 Different sources quote varying definitions, I would therefore imagine there's some leeway as to what's considered significant. As @andrew1234856 alludes to, the percentage will also change depending on factors such as heart rate anyway

  • @waelfadlallah8939
    @waelfadlallah8939 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Do you have a video on QRS axis ?

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว

      Not specifically, I do have a video on ECG interpretation that touches on determining the axis

  • @mradventurer8104
    @mradventurer8104 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Good video! One mistake though 0:37 it shows the time between P an Q but you call it PR interval (rather than PQ interval/time).

    • @tiffanyschroeder3223
      @tiffanyschroeder3223 12 วันที่ผ่านมา +1

      It is called PR because sometimes the Q of QRS is absent or hard to distinguish.

  • @arian9732
    @arian9732 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    جالب بود ممنون❤

  • @waelfadlallah8939
    @waelfadlallah8939 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Additionally, you have cool accent 😎

  • @basharbashar8503
    @basharbashar8503 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Do you have any further information axis deviation

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I have another video on ECG interpretation that looks at interpreting the axis, but no video dedicated to the axis

  • @Suvampaul619
    @Suvampaul619 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can anyone tell me why qrs complex upside down? 3:27

  • @spencerburrows3525
    @spencerburrows3525 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    How can you tell Wellens Syndrome?

  • @navonilroy8964
    @navonilroy8964 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sir I have a Question can i ask here?

  • @reebaqureshi7068
    @reebaqureshi7068 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can you please provide uss with the Pdf ?😊

  • @jdfpro
    @jdfpro 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very good video, but 10 to 30 pvc's per hour does not seem concerning. Maybe per minute.

  • @marie.s9995
    @marie.s9995 ปีที่แล้ว

    My way of remembering BBB is looking at V5 or V1. Then the deflection of QRS if it's pointing down it's LEFT, bec they left heaven, down to hell. Then RBBB is up, they're doing things RIGHT, going up in heaven. 🤣

  • @billisnice
    @billisnice ปีที่แล้ว

    AT 40 my ECG looked terrible. It was all over the place. Dr did not know why I was still walking. I am 71 now and.I can keep up with my kids at Disney World. ECG is still bad.

    • @NotesofKhan
      @NotesofKhan ปีที่แล้ว +1

      God give you health❤

  • @AgaveGonzalez
    @AgaveGonzalez 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    TY...I remember this by "Perros Hedionsoz (Filokuli, Puteka, etc), Envidiosoz, Cagados, Has I Vivoz,...). It works just Fine.....Heil!

  • @themitchwich
    @themitchwich 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    10:14 pulseless vtach is shockable

  • @Wiwislldm
    @Wiwislldm ปีที่แล้ว

    Can Wenckebach progress to type 2 or even worse, total block?

    • @RhesusMedicine
      @RhesusMedicine  ปีที่แล้ว

      It is possible, but it's rare for it to do so. Thanks for watching 😊

  • @antoinettechabilal7689
    @antoinettechabilal7689 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sinus bradycardia

  • @Cady7YEZYEZNEWSSMITH
    @Cady7YEZYEZNEWSSMITH ปีที่แล้ว

    166 /120

  • @mimimimi-fi8nn
    @mimimimi-fi8nn ปีที่แล้ว

    Please add arabic subtitles to your videos ❤

  • @gauravbaisla9017
    @gauravbaisla9017 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks so much sir
    Sir plz is videos ka pdf milega kya plz sir
    Apna email bata do muze vaha dedo

  • @IMSJoseCuervo
    @IMSJoseCuervo 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I thought I was pretty hot stuff until I spent a week with Ed Platia 20 years ago. That guy is the ALPHA dog..

  • @ahmeds318
    @ahmeds318 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Wow😊 idk

  • @wafaa8555
    @wafaa8555 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    👍

  • @gauravbaisla9017
    @gauravbaisla9017 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir plz pdf ke koi email id plz

  • @navidariamanesh9891
    @navidariamanesh9891 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷❤️❤️❤️❤️

  • @atinypuffin3651
    @atinypuffin3651 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Atrial Flutter is so annoying to treat.

    • @joankuehn4479
      @joankuehn4479 หลายเดือนก่อน

      It causes such anxiety knowing personally.