Spread of the Indo-European Languages in Eurasia
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 13 ส.ค. 2021
- Spread of the Indo-European Languages in Eurasia, Proto-IndoEuropean, Anatolian, Tocharian, Germanic, Celtic, Italic, Slavic, Baltic, Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Greek, Armenian, Thracian, Illyrian, Phrygian, Paeonian, Liburnian, Cimmerian, Nuristani
Music:
Heavy Heart - Kevin MacLeod
Lost Frontier - Kevin MacLeod
"Heavy Heart" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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Lost Frontier by Kevin MacLeod
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![[TH]FFWS SEA Spring 2024 Knockout Stage - Day 17](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/f6Zd-OGk278/mqdefault.jpg)
My horse can’t stop rearing after watching this
Kinda feel bad for Tocharian branch
@@based4560 assimilated by Turkic and Mongolic speakers right?
@@whoreofdragonstone1031 yup
@@based4560 I assume they’re the ones who gave the aforesaid groups pastoralism?
@@whoreofdragonstone1031 I suppose
I like that you can see small unique groups for brief moments like the celtic galatians in anatolia, the indo-aryan mitanni leaders in northern assyria, the eastern germanic goths who migrated to crimea, and the hellenic-speaking phoenicians. Also I didn't know an Indo-aryan language was spoken in the altai mountains for a long time
Yep, the Indo-Europeans were the original horselords before it was cool, only to be subsumed by the Altaic peoples from the east
Armenians are indo-european too
@@hereisyoursign6750 horelords have _always_ been cool. There's pretty much two main groups who do well in history, horselords and farmers.
@@hereisyoursign6750 Indo-Europeans are not technically the "Original Horselords". That would be the non-IE Botai Culture who are responsible for the first domestication of horses for horseriding purposes in modern day Kazakhstan
@Devvrat Mishra No. It is likely the first domestication of elephants happened during the peak of the Indus Valley Civilisation in the subcontinent 4000 years ago. As we know, IVC is not Indo european/vedic
Indo-Europeans: *surround the Caucasus*
Caucasians: I will surely survive
Russia and Iran:
Wait... Is not so-called "Caucasian" race or "Indo-Europeans" are modern names of Aryans? Lol
You can see the effects of Alexander's Empire, the Turkish empires such as the Ottomans, the Roman/Byzantine empire, etc. so clearly... also never knew of that little Greek holdout in India. I knew the language probably spread there but didn't think it would ever hold out to this day, considering it's been so long since Alexander's Empire. I will admit, I felt a hint of sadness watching the Anatolian language die. It seemed to be one of the oldest branches and it held out for so long.
That's Nuristani, not Greek.
@@stsk1061 I tried making an edit saying that, but it didn't save for whatever reason. but yeah, you're right.
That little greek holdout is in modern day Pakistan and Afghanistan not india.
@@stsk1061 Greek >>> Greco-Bactrian Kingdom >>> Greco-Indian Kingdoms. Nuristani is that very small Dot in that Timeperiod
alexanders empire was not the only greek one. there was the indo greeks as well.
This is one of the most beautful things i have ever seen
*wipes tear
Agreed
One thing that would make it more amazing would be if we had a rough idea of the non-IE languages around the map
tell that to the Indus Valley civilization, and the Early European Farmers
@@theskv21 agreed, I’d love to know more about the early history of Vasconic
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 there is no Aryan race. It is just fake
Indo-European language family is the most spreaded language family in the world. Indo-European languages are the majority language in more than 48 countries🌍🌏.
I am a Sinhala speaker, an Indo-Aryan language from Sri Lanka🇱🇰.
Dude , I'm a native hindi speaker , tell me if there's mutual intelligibility on your side , do you guys have record of ancestry from regions in india , fascinated to know
@@zulu2885 Yes. Sinhalese genes are made with 72% Bengali/Odisha genes, 12% Gujarati genes and 15% South Indian genes.
@@worlddata8982 so essentially they're north indians then , pretty cool , this is not taught or known , how old is this migration and what were the reasons mate
@@zulu2885 Prince Vijaya arrived in Sri Lanka in 536 BCE on the day of the demise of the Lord Buddha. He was the son of the King Sinhabahu of Wanga Kingdom. King Sinhabahu banished Prince Vijaya and his team from the kingdom (For this reason, some Sri Lankans are reluctant to accept Vijaya as a their ansestor) . Their ships sank near Sri Lanka and they were able to swim to Sri Lanka. When he laid his hand on the shore, his hand was covered with copper. Copper in Sanskrit is called "Thamba" . known as copper "Thamba" in also Sinhala. Hence he called Sri Lanka "Thambapanni". At that time, "Yaksha people" of North Indian Aryan origin lived in Sri Lanka. Prince Vijaya married a Yaksha women. Her name was "Kuweni". There were constant clashes between Vijay's group and the Yakshas. Vijaya's group who were angry with Kuveni for being a Yaksha woman lied to Prince Vijaya about her. Prince Vijaya believed them to be true and Kuveni was banished from the palace. She went to the Yakshas. Because she was married to Prince Vijaya, she was killed by the Yaksha people who were angry with her. Her son and daughter escaped and they are ansestors of Vaddas (aborgines). The Veddas also have the genes of the Deva people who lived in the hill country. Prince Vijaya and his team married with South Indian princesses. But Vijaya had no children. After him, Sri Lanka was ruled by his ministers. In 437 BCE Prince Pandukabhaya became the king. He was half yaksha-half Bengali. He could united Yakshas and Bengalis. He made the Sinhala nation. Hence he is known as the first Sinhala king.
@@worlddata8982 wo!!, This is internet at its best , thank you good sire for this detailed answer , it would've taken me hours to get this info otherwise , idk but aren't yakshas and rakshas mythological terms , also what defines a yaksha , aren't vedda the orginal inhabitants of india before the arrival of Iranian farmers and steppe Aryans , I always thought veddas are essentially tamil , I'm also most curious to know mutual intelligibility between bengali and Sinhalese , is it closer to tamil or bengali or orriya , also how Buddhist is srilanka , do they celebrate diwali or holi , and what exactly do people think of Ravana in Sri Lanka , I know it's a lot but kinda curious about it all especially when talking to someone as knowledgeable and culturally aware as you are
Thanks for the info
Just thinking about Indo-European language family makes me so happy . I feel like I'm part of such a huge and magnificent family . Love to all other Indo-European speakers from a Bengali-speaker .
Love from an Italic speaker❤️
A lie makes you happy? Average Indian...
@@romayi_seviyorum.117Ok turk
@@romayi_seviyorum.117 Which lie ? What are you talking about , Turkic man ?
@@marcobelli6856 💞💕
From Iran, greetings to all Aryan family✋🏻
You are Dravidian
@@arabianinferno6918 how anIranian can be dravidian?
🇮🇳❤️🇮🇷
@@arabianinferno6918 stop pointing fingers at others and speak for yourself
Shukriya Brother 🇮🇳❤️🇮🇷
love all of my indo-european brothers from 🇮🇷 IRAN 🇮🇷
thx love from India🇮🇳
I Love Iran from Poland 🇮🇷❤️🇵🇱
Love from Holland.
@@johannesnicolaas ♡♡♡ love u
@@szymonovsky9783 ♡♡♡♡
we have lot of Poles in Iran.
they came to iran during world war
Interesting that Pre-Proto-Germanic, Proto Italic, Vedic Sanskrit, Avestan, Hittite, Mycennean Greek, Late Proto-Balto-Slavic, and Proto Celtic were all spoken at the same time (1500 BC).
Proto Italo-Celtic along with Proto Germanic. Proto Italic is younger than Proto Germanic.
@@SchmulKrieger I thought Proto Germanic, as it was reconstructed, was from 600 BC.
@@SchmulKrieger italo-celtic along with Pre-proto Germanic. In the video is represented too earlier only to show classification I think.
@@Nullius_in_verba you should improve your English. I haven't understood what you wanted to say.
No bro vedic sanskriti is more older and i really don't believe this theory
Indo-European: "spreads to Europe and Asia*
Georgia: No
Never underestimate the kartvelians
Hungary, Finland, Estonia, Basque country: No
I am quadrolingual and can speak 4 Indo-European languages. I was able to find many similarities between them. Armenian was my 1st language. Farsi or Persian 2nd. English 3rd and finally Spanish.
Its cool to see these cusines still share much in common.
I would have to say Armenian stands out the most word wise, but similar in sentence structure to English.
I know 4 as well; Bengali, Hindi, English and Spanish. Bengali and Hindi are quite similar, and English and Spanish are...not so much. English is by far the most difficult among these lol.
I can speak 3, Spanish, English and Portuguese.
Hola amigo
@@chipaguasustudios
hola, Feliz Navidad.
Hello, Merry Christmas.
բարև, շնորհավոր Սուրբ Ծնունդ
barev, shnorhavor Surb Tsnund
سلام کریسمس مبارک
(Salam, keristmas mobarak)
5 German French Italian Romansh and english
Rip Iranic People In Euroasian steps, Central Asia and western China 💔
The Turks and Mongols destroyed them.
@@SchmulKrieger tocharians still exist but in few numbers. Search for red head people in Tajikistan or east turkestan
@@SchmulKrieger The slavs also "destroyed" Scythians and Sarmatians of Eastern Europe according to your comment, you forgot that detail
*ANGRY TURKİSH MAN JOİNED THE CHAT*
@@himalayas1647 The Tocharians don't exist anymore and have been assimilated.
Also, Tajiks didn't descend from the Tocharians.
this video has been a long time coming.
i'm calling it here: this is the magnum opus of your channel. truly phenomenal work.
Thank you very much
*Megh2nom h3epos because its a PIE video😎😎
Pity, this video has been based on unfounded research. In fact PIE as presented never existed. The real PIE was Protoslavic, a mother language of most European languages plus Avestian and Sanskrit that derived from it.
@@Lechoslaw8546 you have to be a troll.
@@Lechoslaw8546 😂😂😂😂😂😂
Great work... Thracian language looks like such an interesting topic.
Knowing that many of us in europe and asia and Amerika have people from one single tribe 6000 years ago as common ancestors just changed how you see the world. Suddenly, everyone feels like family. This is why such things matter, they further our horizon and thus change how we go through life.
But this shows the evolution and spread of a language, not genes. The language doesn't necessarily follow the genes.
@@matthewmckenna3109 But in the cause of the Aryan conquests it surely does.
@@dragooll2023 I can't believe that the Aryans completely exterminated all the peoples they invaded. There will have been miscegenation, over a long period.
@@matthewmckenna3109 Check the genetic studies, usually only samples from north russia, the baltics and a few others i forgot still have old european dna
edit: everyone still has old european dna, but the indo-european still has predominancy
Then again if we go back further, all of us humans throughout the world can trace our ancestry back to folks in Africa, so really we're all one big family in the end.
Imagine if the Proto‐Indo‐Europeans came back to live today and discovered that 40% of the world population was speaking a descendant of their language. That would either be a mindblow or a massive ego boost.
@Pan Indo-Europeanist, agnostic, Aryan supremacist Like what lands? More of Africa and of the Middle East? China?
@@sunshineimperials1600 like more lands in Anatolia and M. East ( Assyria, Anatolia, Egypt ) that could speak Hellenic languages or Helleno Iranian
@Pan Indo-Europeanist, agnostic, Aryan supremacist Good grief your username and opinion are cringe. "Our race is the best one, now if only other races wouldn't oppress us". Cognitive dissonance much?
@Pan Indo-Europeanist, agnostic, Aryan supremacist If your race is so supreme why does it apparently get oppressed?
@Pan Indo-Europeanist, agnostic, Aryan supremacist based
Holy crap you actually did it
From iceland all the way to Sri lanka.what a massive diversity but united as indo european 😂
Sri lankas often try to relate themselves with it but truth is they stole some words from sanskrit ,to relate themselves with hindus of north India Hahahaha. Sri lanka is more close to China and their loans and here you talk about unity after harming hindus in your country.
You can see the Basque country in Spain being alone in the world, also Finland, Estonia, Hungary and Transilvania in Romania having mainly a Uralic language. Romania isolated with an Italic and a Romance language. Also France has a region called Brittany where they speak a Celtic language called Briton. Iran, Afghanistan and Taijikistan are speaking mainly almost the same Iranian language.
Yeah.... we... we watched the video bro
@@GAMER123GAMING it is more for the people who don't know the places' names, and for my entertainment, I had fun remembering certain topics.
Afghanistan is not totally Iranian speaking country, there are many Turkic and Mongol peoples - Uzbeks, Turkmens and Khazara. On the contrary, in Uzbekistan Tajik is the second speaking language and is especially widely speaking in Samarkand and Bukhara cities. Uzbek itself is heavily influenced by Persian linguistic features and vocabulary.
@@alekseypetrov8520👍👍👍👍👍👍✌✌✌✌
Transilvania!???? Are 2 and a half counties of minority speaking hungarian!!!
Dude, straight up one of the best i have seen.
Thank you very much
Your videos are very helpful too!
Πραγματικά εξαιρετική δουλειά, άξια της προβολής που παίρνει! Θερμά συγχαρητήρια και ευχαριστούμε πάρα πολύ για το λεπτομερέστατο αυτό βίντεο!!
Ευχαριστώ πολύ
As someone who is obsessed with languages, and whose ancestry is basically an Indo European melting pot (English, Armenian, Romani, Dutch, German, Scottish, Slovak, and Greek) I must say, I love this! Thank you so much!
Thank you
@FAKE VIRUS BREWERIES Romani?
@@dragooll2023 But Roma or Romani are preferred; g*psy, g*tano, ts*gan (and variations) are considered ethnic slurs by many Romani people.
I'm predominantly Afro-descendant, but I also have a buffet of Indo-European ancestry in my family tree. Nice to find a fellow Indo-European mixie obsessed with languages! 😋
ur very special
Συγχαρητήρια, πολύ ωραίο animation, το ταξίδι της γλώσσας είναι και το ταξίδι της Ανθρωπότητας (έπρεπε να γράψω κάτι βαθυστόχαστο). Καλές Γιορτές.
глубоко копнул. и тебе счастья.
Θα αποθηκεύσω αυτό το βίντεο, θα το βάλω σε ένα δίσκο flash ή σε έναν σκληρό δίσκο, και έριξα τον σκληρό δίσκο στον ωκεανό, και στον ωκεανό ο δίσκος πηγαίνει και θα διατηρηθεί για 4000 χρόνια, και κάποιο τυχαίο παιδί όταν το ανακάλυψαν στη Μεσόγειο (επειδή η γη είχε ήδη καταστραφεί), το βρήκαν, το έβαλαν σε μουσείο και πιθανότατα διατήρησαν την ινδοευρωπαϊκή γλώσσα, για
You deserve more subscribers, dude! Not everyone can patiently make this masterpiece!!! Don't need to worry about Iceland, Germanic ones are there we know.
Thank you very much
The Devanagri Script in which Sanskrit and Hindi are written in very complex and sophisticated, It writes every word as it is pronounced which no other script does.
How come a group of nomadic people who invaded India according to the Aryan invasion theory have such a advanced script and language, because the Aryan invasion theory is false.
Sanskrit originated in India and it is the language of the Sindhu valley civilization, the most advanced of the time which built brick houses when the world was living in mud/wooden houses.
Sanskrit is the language of the gods and the mother of all languages. And Hindus are the true Aryans.
The migration would have occured about 4000 years ago. The Devanagari script is only 1300 years old according to google. I'd say 27 centuries is enough time to develop an advanced writing system.
@@prateekatt Indo-Aryans were slowly migrating into India during the late Harappan period. By 1500 BCE, they had completely settled there. In that time period, Proto-Indo-Aryan evolved into Vedic Sanskrit and the people who spoke it were Aryans mixed with the previous inhabitants of India, from whom they incorporated lots of cultural aspects. So by 1500 BCE, they had formed an advanced Indian Culture and had started to compose the Vedas. By 500 BCE, Sanskrit had already began to evolve into local dialects called Prakrits. The oldest written form of any Indo-Aryan language we find in India are the edicts of Ashoka from around 250 BCE. They were in Magadhi Prakrit and were written in the Brahmi Script. This is the oldest deciphered script in India and is the ancestor of all the modern Indian Scripts, even the South Indian scripts, even though their languages are unrelated to any Indo-European languages. From Brahmi, evolved Northern Brahmi > Suraseni Brahmi > Nagari > Central Nagari > Devanagari. Devanagari script became recognisable by 1300 CE. So Devanagari wasn't the script used by the Aryans, and they didn't even use its ancestor, Brahmi, during the Vedic period. So they had more than a thousand years to develop the Brahmi Script from scratch. And also, developing scripts from scratch is super easy for even a single individual, and I have done it many times. The Koreans also did it. So it would be a piece of cake for an advanced culture with a thousand years at hand. Remember, they had already become an advanced culture by 1500 BCE, after migrating, mixing with the locals, adopting many of their traditions, and adjusting to the standards of a metal using, agricultural civilisation. Also, they didn't even need to make it from scratch. As I said, they definitely mixed with and adoption many traditions of the Harappans. So it is possible that they might have learnt their script as well, just like how the Akkadians learnt cuneiform from the Sumerians, which continued to be the major script of the Middle-East for centuries after the Sumerians, even though the Sumerians soon went extinct. So, Brahmi could even be a descendent of the Indus Script. In that case, they would have just borrowed their writing system from a previous civilisation, just like how the Akkadians did, instead of making it themselves. So overall, there is absolutely no reason why a civilisation deriving it's cultural roots from an ancient nomadic tribe cannot have a sophisticated writing system.
My heart melted away along with the scythian language
😢
@Mehmet Malkoç
Inshallah mongolistan kültürlari helel Olson abdulmehmot yalmoz Berlin 🙊
@Mehmet Malkoç it was mostly replaced by Russian tho
There is a very small neo-shythian community in the caucasians that survived the extinction
@@VVV.12345 the ossetians?
I waited for this moment for a long time, this video is amazing, it's too sad to know that some of those amazing peoples are now extinct
And what about all who they extint?
Amazing! Absolutely lovely infographic/video.
Thank you
I appreciate your hard work :)
Keep going !!!
Thank you
8:55 Armenian Genocide 😥
😢
Yep
YEEEAAAAHHHH 🐺🐺🐺🐺🐎🐎🏹🏹🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷🐺🐺🐎🐴🏹Altaic language is better
I am finnish (finnish a finno-ugric language) and i have to say first time learning a indo-european language was very difficult, but after that it has been very easy to learn other european languages!
Right now i speak english, swedish, german and little bit spanish, and i understand norwegian because its so similar to swedish haha.
Good for you. I'm learning swedish, but I'm spanish speaker (rioplatense castilian dialect) understand germanic languages is tricky for someone who speak romance language.
@@fabiangamx6288 Lycka till med svenska, jag gillar det mycket! Germanic languages have their own challenge, but everyone who knows english (so basically the whole world haha) is also able to learn those languages better!
@@lotta1517 Yes you right, today every person has to use english, I use it for learn Swedish.
On the other hand, I'm very surprised at see that lenguaje has some similar words (in pronunciation) that means exactly the same as those in spanish.
For example;
"jag"="yo"; "gratis"="gratis"; "Tårta"="torta".
It even has a reflexive pronoun "dig" equivalent to "ti" in spanish.
But english is easier to learn.
@@fabiangamx6288 Oh very cool to know that even swedish and spanish have some similarity in words (and grammar?) Very far away, but they are both indo european so that explains it. Finnish has loaned some random words from swedish, but thats the only thing.
@@lotta1517 The grammar is different, it's simpler, in spanish you have a variety of verbal conjugations. As a Spanish speaker, it is intuitive, for a foreigner it is a nightmare, as far as I know.
I understand that finish is a uralic language it's quite different from swedish, danish and other germanic languages.
Thanks Costas, that was stupendous. Great work.
Thank you
Everything is detailed and in right place,subgroups,timing,nothing is left to chance..really well made..
Thank you
@Devvrat Mishra I think the Iranic words in Uralic are borrowed when the Sarmatians/Alans migrated into Europe and settled in Hungary and some parts of the Roman empire when the Mongols attacked the Sarmatians. They had a lot of interaction with the Magyars because the migrated through the lands of the Magyars which at the time was near Ukraine. They also interacted with other Uralic tribes while migrating. There are still a lot of Sarmatian folk stories found in Hungarian culture. Those Sarmatians in Europe could have borrowed many Uralic words into their language too, but we don't know because they are extinct.
@Devvrat Mishra indo iranian and expecially iranians migrated eastward together with hungarian and samoyed..some yeniseian people involved too(see the seima-turbino horizon). The absence of uralic words in the avestan and vedic language is because these two migrated too South to enter in contaxt with uralian..unfortunately the only iranian language with these contacts(those that lived in tje steppe alongside hungarians) are extint and not well known to study uralic influence. Im talking about scythian,saka,alanic and sarmatians.
@Devvrat Mishra then its a mistery, but in the case of nomadic tribes maybe its possibile that a dominant tribe doesnt find necessary to acquire words from a tribe that could be less advanced in tech or warfare..is not the same case in which local rivers or territorie's names could be acquired from who lived there,for example neolithic societies..
@Devvrat Mishra it depends on when these cognates begun to be part of the the various IE languages..about avestan and vedas,its interesting the fact of their common shared culture in the BMAC,a cultural complex derived from middle easterners people that mixed with both Iranian and aryans. I dont believe that such animal's terms could exist in taiga and tundra environments at the same times.
It is so interesting to look into how language evolves over time, and the similarities that exist in such seemingly different cultures.
Just a reminder for some people…. linguistic families (ex: Indo-European, Semitic, Uro-Altaic, etc.) doesn’t correlate to genetics. That would mean that a Mexican would be fully Spaniard based on the language they speak, which is of Spanish origin. Yes, Mexican do contain some Spaniard DNA as well as indigenous American DNA, but they aren’t full Spaniards as a native of Spain would be. Hope this clears up the confusion for certain people.
Im arabian with 60% persian genitics
Bro, you know there are Mexicans who are white right? And have no or minimal native mix…as well as fully indigenous blooded Mexicans who have very little Spanish genes…come on…you sound ignorant.
But that means that linguistic families have a genetic correlation as well, it applies to Semite and Arian languages as well, so there si a genetic correlation un any case
Culture matters more than genetics anyway
Mexicans are 50% Amerindian + 40% African + maybe 10% spaniard
Amazing great work, thank you!
Thank you
Nice video, sadly that two most famous Indo-European languages - Latin and Greek were completely ousted from their former areas/spheres of influence - north Africa, Egypt & Anatolia
Almost all languages lost some of their sphere of influence throughout the time. Don’t be sad, get over it.
@@AD-yq8rl
Agree, but many Greek scholars lived in Egypt, especially Alexandria. After Arabian conquest all of them were prohibited, expelled or kіІІеd, great library of Alexandria with its priceless manuscripts, artworks and scientific works were destroyed, many Roman and Greek libraries in north Africa and Anatolia got same violent fate
Nothing sad about it. These languages spread by force and were rightly removed.
@@regabrielexv this is false; the byzantines preserved the ancients, not the arabs (who got it second hand).
@@regabrielexv In fact after Arabian conquest Greek spoken language disappeared in Egypt in next 200 years, indigenous Coptic language extinct till 14th century AD because of hatred and perscutions from Arabian side. I don't mind, Caliphate had a good rulers and scholars who respected culture and science of conquered peoples, but majority of medieval Arabian population hated Greeks, Latins and Copts
I don't agree with all of the choices, here, but it is a great tool for visualizing changes over time.
This is amazing!!! Is it possible for you to make an Austronesian languages version?
Thank you. I have made it
I'm blown away. This is the best IE linguistic map I've come across on TH-cam. Absolutely oustanding.
It's not even that good, he didn't fill in Finland until the 1300s when it was clearly IE before all of western europe
HOLY.... THIS IS THE BEST DAY OF MY LIFE AND THIS VIDEO IS ONE OF THE REASONS WHY
Офигенно! Молодцы! Большое спасибо за труд!
I can tell you put a lot of effort into this, so much attention to detail and events. Extremely impressive.
This thesis will soon rot. Because your cultures and your words are not the same at all. You are just a language family formed by the exchange of languages.
1)This is fascinating.
2)Some comments on here assume that the spread of the IE languages is identical to the spread of a particular gene pool. Not so. Modern speakers of IE languages have a very mixed genetic inheritance.
3) Doesn't the space in the middle of Europe where non-IE Hungarian intervened appear far too late?
Not sure when he puts the arrival of the Magyars, but they arrived on the Pannonian/Hungarian plain around 900 CE. Of course, other language speaker would’ve been there, so they wouldn’t have immediately had a monopoly on the language.
Whoa! Now this is an ambitious video! Very interesting too, I never knew the Anatolian languages arrived to Anatolia through the Balkans, I've always thought they arrived through the Caucasus. I guess that explains why there are so many non-Indo-European languages spoken in the Caucasus.
Fantastic video! Great job.
Thank you
both are about equally likely theories
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 agreed
@@celtofcanaanesurix2245 i think balkan is more accepted but caucasus is also possible
This video is based on a theory, it's not a solid fact, nor is the video very accurate. It's still a fun video and well made.
Crazy to think that Hindi, German, Spanish, Persian, etc, are all related.
And how fast it changed!
Also, if you consider the Centum-Satem split, it's also crazy to think that Tocharian, despite all of its immediate Indo-European neighbours being Satem, was actually Centum. And further, how the likes of Serbocroatian or Lithuanian are more similar to the likes of Hindi, Farsi or Armenian than they are to the likes of Greek, French or English.
@@bvthebalkananarchistmapper5642 Yes it is indeed interesting, but remember that (for example) just because both Balto-Slavic and Indo-Iranian are satem languages does not mean that they are sister languages. Some of the features would have probably developed independently and some of them probably transferred between populations while Indo-European was still mostly on the steppe. Maybe you already knew that, but I want to just make it clear to whoever reads this that the centum-satem line does not mean that the people and languages on either side are genetically closer to each other, and indo-European migrations are a lot blurrier than we think, lol
Genetically speaking, Europe has been roughly the same since the Neolithic - well before the Indo-European migrations. And you are right that borrowings from neighbours also play an importance in vocab and grammar. Sprachbunds are a thing both within and across language families
Not that much actually
Would be nice if you could make updated Y-DNA spread map, including maritime spread of out of Africa branches all over Middle East Europe, Central Asia, South East Asia, Australia, East Asia via Americas...
Interesting to see this as my someone of eastern iranic ancestry (Afghanistan). Being a possible descendant of these tribes and peoples is very interesting despite the conflicts and marginalization and influence of other groups such as arabs and turks which have kind shifted our identity a bit since then.
Does language mean possible ancestry ?:)
Crazy to think that my language spoken in the middle of the US, and your language in Afghanistan, come from the same people. Cheers to worldwide brotherhood
Turco-Mongols defeated Iranians.
@@judsonwall8615 Yah haha its weird how things end up but interesting.
@@rediettadesse2828 Possibly, I’m not too certain on the specifics since other groups of people get acculturated and languages pass down. In my case my ethnicity of being a descendant of the scythians makes it likely but other groups could have mingled in. To me its more of an identity with some genetic admixture involved, however you frame it. Cheers
Avengers endgame: “the most ambitious crossover ever” Costas Melas: “Hold my beer, will ya?”
Well, I guess it was made by Indo Europeans LOL.
@@arta.xshaca crazy how far it spread
That's amazing! Nice job!
Thank you
The west/east PIE split is very ambiguous, and I don't know what it's based off of. It's certainly not based off of Satem/Centum split, because Proto-Indo-Iranian ultimately comes from Abashevo and Potapovka, which was located in the northern eurasian steppe, and came from Corded Ware. Also, with the map it's hard to pinpoint the exact location of the languages, and it seems quite unnecessary. You should/could have used the Mercator or Equirectangular projection instead. Iranic languages seem to have spread as far east as west of lake Baikal, as evident by the Tashtyk and Karasuk findings. It's not certain the language the Wusun spoke, but they're widely believed to have been speaking either an Iranic or Agni-Kuchean language, not Indo-Aryan. The Mittani speaking Indo-Aryan also seems quite a stretch and it could have been that their names were just unrelated cognates or that it originated from Armenian or Anatolian languages. In Khotan, Kashgar, and Tumshuq, basically everything west of the Yarkand River, Scythian was spoken, and it's believed that Khotan may have been originally Indo-Aryan speaking but were eventually settled by the Saka.
Also, in the Ferghana Valley, the city of Cyropolis had been inhabited by greeks since at least Lydia was annexed by Cyrus, so the area should have been greek speaking sooner. In the Dnieper, (central Ukraine), several Greco-Scythian tribes were observed by Herodotus, and he calls their language a mix of Greek and Scythian, the Geloni. In classical (Pre-Christian) Armenia, various Iranic languages were spoken as a court language depending on whichever Iranic empire was dominant at the time because since after the Kingdom of Urartu, Armenia was ruled by Iranian dynasties until the Islamic conquests. The Armenian Arsacid dynasty for example, had the most profound effect on the Armenian vocabulary and grammar, and nowadays Armenian is used as a source to decipher Parthian.
Thank you for the additional information. Feedback is helpful to improve
> because Proto-Indo-Iranian ultimately comes from Abashevo and Potapovka
You know there is literally no any evidence of this, but except fantasies based on literally nothing.
Straight masterpiece 🙇♂️🙇♂️🙇♂️
I WAS JUST WAITING FOR IT! ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΏ ΠΆΡΑ ΠΟΛΎ
You're welcome :)
Would’ve been interesting to see what the Tocharian languages could’ve evolved into had they survived. Great video!
Or the Anatolians.
Superb, fascinating (and somewhat horrifying) piece of work, Sir
Hey Paul, if you enjoy history videos please check out my timeline of the 150+ most significant people in history :)
Could have been done better in regards to the Iranic branch after 1000.Persian was the languague of the court and administration for most regions from Bengal bay to literally modern day Bosnia,yet you just colored central Asia with shades of dark green in the time frame of 1300-1900.I mean it was literally the official languague of India for example till 1830s.
Wow, this is very interesting! Great video!
Thank you
Εξαιρετικό, Κώστα.
Exeretico, Costa
Thank you
Gorgeous!
A simply fantastic video! I’m enamoured by PIE and IE languages as well as DNA and genetic lineages. This presentation was very cool and eye opening! Well done! 👍😊🇮🇹🇨🇦
Great Job 👍
Congratulations 👏
Thank you
Great! this a valuable recourse for those learning about history
Thank you
Interestingly, 5-6 thousand years ago in Eurasia (excluding the Far East) there were many tribes and languages, of which almost nothing remained. Basques in the West, the peoples of the Caucasus, something northwest of the Himalayas. We know about the rest only by the results of excavations. Who they were is unknown. And the rest was filled out by representatives of 4 language families. The Indo-European peoples have the largest territory. Semites spread from the Sahara to the northeast, Turks from the Mongolian steppes to the west, and Finnish peoples to the west from the Ural Mountains.
Good job. I find strange though why did you remove French and English from Africa after decolonisation (considering you counted Latin catholic worshipping in Eastern Europe as spread of Italic until 1800s). French is widely spoken up until this day in Africa, but for shame I'm not sure about exact countries, maybe not the ones visible here
English is becoming global in a way
English is official in India as well.
It´s the arabe invasion on Africa
good vid, but can you do rise and fall of the pre-indo-european languages? the ones that are like basque and kartvelian?
Thank you. From these, I have made the Caucasian Languages. Maybe I will make a video on the other pre-Indo-European substratum such as Basque and Etruscan
É impressionante ver a retração das linguas celtas em relação ao domínio que tinham no século 1 AC.
There is a lot of guess work in this video. I think that there are two processes: relative isolation and differentiations, so new languages/language groups, and expansion/assimilation, so language groups expand geographically driving others to extinction (as languages). This video lumps putative "Venedi" with "Balto-Slavs" which is hugely uncertain, and I am guessing there are more such guess works.
I speak English, Polish, Ukrainian and know a few German and Latin words. When I first heard Parthian and Farsi languages, they sounded fairly familiar.
Yes buddah means wake up like slavic
Vedas means knowing like slavic
Noworoz new year like slavic. There many similars
Pictish in Scotland that you lined was a Celtic language. Although there's not alot of evidence about it, from what is known about it is that it is in fact a Celtic language.
Its not that clear, no pictish toponime could be understood using any celtic lenguage. We need to decode theyr writing system to know it clearly.
Its supposedly a mystery. As c3ltish speakers cant fully understand it. It could be a similar situation as Basque where it's a pre indo European language with Celtic influence
@@juniorcrusher2245 You must be a man of culture. Most of people dosent know that we even exist.
Just saying but I can already tell that I am going to love this video and the reason is because from the Indo European languages you get the Celtic languages which involved into the insular Celtic languages and its from the insular Celtic languages that we get the Gaelic languages and I am a big fan of the Gaelic languages especially Irish and Scottish Gaelic and I am a fan of those languages because I am part Irish and part Scottish and I am part Irish because my last name Dolan means dark haired Irish man and in Irish my Last name/Surname is O Dubhshlain and the word dubh means black and Shlain means Challenge or defiance and I am part Scottish because my paternal grandfathers paternal grandmothers maiden name is Murray and The surname/ last name Murray reflects the historic ties between Ireland and Scotland, and signifies the bearer’s roots in the early Kingdom of Moray. Which is located in the northeast of Scotland, with coastline on the Moray Firth, the area and the name Murray took its name from the native Scottish Gaelic word Moireabh, which in English means “ Seaboard Settlement”.
Amazingly well done👍
Thank you
Good idea and a lot of work done. Constructive criticism: depicting the state or scientific languages with mixed colouring seemed excessive - all of Western Europe being shown as half-Italic until the 18th century b/c of Latin, the entire Persian Empire as half-Iranian, etc, when there were very few people actually speaking the languages. Also, some of the colours seemed to appear on the map without/before appearing in the legend, so I didn't get whom they were supposed to represent, but I might have missed something.
Wonderful as always, and congrats on 20K! Out of curiosity, will you ever make separate videos on any of the Non-Indo-European languages of Europe (Excluding Uralic, which you've already done), like Vasconic or Tyrsenian?
Thank you very much
No problem! (Late reply, but still)
Nice video! It's sad how the range of the celtic languages contracted further and further over the years
After better seeing this vid,that remains the most accurate and beautiful on web for now,I found that maybe Celtic expansion in west Europe could be post-dated,maybe adding Lusitanian and Ligurian branches,showing the italo-celtic-germanic cluster as the real western IE,because Italo-celtic-germanic-balto-slavic is better known as north western IE. (My position about Graeco-Aryan branch hyphothesis is not well defined). And maybe the khvalynsk phase(the real origin of archaic PIE) could have been showed better pre dating the video to 4500/5000bc. Khvalynsk is not even included in the area of PIE here. Proto Germanic is represented too earlier than in mainstream view.
Very difficult topic, you did a great job simplifying it and making it usable.
Thank you
This is a masterwork. Perfection! Thank you Costas from Puerto Rico 🇵🇷
Thank you very much
Great job, your videos are unique, are you planning to make a separate video about the Tocharian languages?
Thank you
Yeah, what happened to those?
Dates are at least 500 years late for western areas as iberian peninsula and british islands, there were indoeuropean or protoindoeuropean languages spoken there much before the "historical" celts.. (Urnenfelder culture, ancient lusitanian language etc etc) ....Probably already there since at least Atlantic Bronze Age (protoceltic times)
This is beautiful!
Splendid work! There are several errors here and there, but still amazing
Thank you
Name some, I'm a nerd
@@clouds-rb9xt Well... I don't know if I should, as there are some people that would disagree and be really offended for what I have to say.
Wonderful video overall, Congratulations!
Moreover, allow me to ask you on 2 really broad subjects;
a) How come Hatti/Hetite (Hittitic) language's not included?
and,
b) Don't you think Albanian appears a bit too soon (¬650approx.)?
Thanks in advance and keep up the good work!
Thank you. Hattic (or Hattian) is different language from the Hittite and it was non-indoeuropean
Date when Proto-Albanian and Albanian appeared is still debatable. First sources about them was in 11th centry, but Albanoi tribe was mentioned in like 8th centry
@@CostasMelasI don't believe in Aryan theory but There is a tribe in kerala called thiyya which shows a jentics and linguistics origin in the thian sha mountains of central asia according to the linguistics the Iranian word deva is first mentioned in Sanskrit in 2 century BCE and it originated from proto indo European language 'dievo' many proto indo european language has this word with same meening which meens in english as 'shining' or divine this word changes in to thiya in central asia thiyan sha mountains that meens mountains of god/deva and one particular hindhu caste in kerala called thiya meens 'divyan' in native language malayalam wich meens in english shining or divine also practices theyyam/ daivam or god as their religious rituals and their oral folk storys and songs clearly mentions they came from somewhere else meening of the word thiyya is divine and the first place where genitics and linguistics both meet together is the beginning of the tian Sha mountains and indo-sythrians religion is an ancient greek religion and buddisam mixture and thiyyas shows an almost same mixture with hindhuism and thiyya have a rich marshel treditions in recorded history and their folk songs and fougrin records from 16th century onwards clearly shows they are the one who practiced and developed kalaripayattu to the world and thiyyar is the only hindhu warrior caste in entire india which formed 3 European colonial army regiments in their own caste name with Britishers they formed thiyya regiment and with french they formed french thiyya pattalam and with dutch they formed dutch chegons the chekars are a warrior section among thiyyas who's duty is to fight in wars and they are ethinically from Malabar north kerala and all this units are started to form in 1730s onwards and all royal force in kerala before Indian indipendance had thiyya soldiers in their force and in entire south india there is no other hindhu caste ever had a caste based army regiment with any colonial European powers but in north India Britishers started few other warrior caste army regiments also and latest gentical study from Indian government institutions like center for cellular science and molecular biology in Hyderabad also clearly shows thiyyas have central asian anciant Iranian ancestry and in sre lankan history srilankan people also consider thiya/Divya as indo sythrians and devas even german nazi seintists before Indian indipendance also came this area to study these groups but indian government is now trying to eliminate this caste people from history now all their historical records are only getting from outside sources and trying to mix with a south kerala caste called ezhava a native caste which never even allowed to take a sword or never ever participated in a royal army or a war before Indian indipendance according to the recorded history and they blocked all thiyya Wikipedia pages from 2013 and blocked remaining thiyyar pages in 2022 even the smallest caste in india has their own wiki pages thiyyas are the biggest hindhu caste in Malabar kerala and with the support of government they are changing all thiyya warriors as ezhavas and because of thiyyas fougrin origin government also trying to eliminate thiyya community from all records to localise or indianise Indian history even more deeper
I am obessesed with this types of videos I don't know why :).
This is very accurate! I am impressed by this work.
Thank you
It's interesting how Armenian 🇦🇲 been shrank after the Armenian Genocide 1915. But it shows Karabagh as Armenian speaking. That's interesting a lot!
Lol love how Italic is just skirting around the Estruscans
Circa -500 to -300, Lusitanians was a melange of Substract Capsiense-camitic and Protoceltic or Italoceltic.
The video is so good i can't believe 👀👀👀
Even the language laws lmao
9:07 hungary: Alien among strangers
i got very sad when i saw the indo europeans lose their homeland around the black sea but then the slavs retook the land which made me happy
Wow. Incredible work.
Thank you
Oh, man, you didnt forget about Wolgadeutsche :3
Thank you!
I am a native Assamese speaker from Assam (the Eastern most tip of India) , sending love to all fellow Indo European brothers
Amazing dude!
Thank you
Excellent work
Thank you
I am Indo-Aryan form India 🇮🇳💪😁👌
I hope we Indo-Aryans will make our own country.. different from Dravidian 👍🏼
@@randomjunk13 Why? We can just not mix but can stay in the same nation.
@@coginito8365 👍
@@randomjunk13 too late. Mixing between these genetically, phenotypically and racially distinct populations already happened about 2500 years ago and is still happening. Today in North India, the historic hotbed of Indo-Aryan culture, people can be of diverse phenotypes and colour ranging from Black to Whi-te and the most dominant one, pale Brown. So the question is, who will live in this new country? Because only a few 100,000s of people have retained their original Indo-Aryan features.
That’s a language group
Great job video!.
Thank you
You are a legend Costus Melus
Thank you
It's likely that the northern subgroup of the Aunjetitz culture 2200 v. u. Z. spoke an early form of protogermanic idiome. The people of the Jastorf culture, the Lausitz culture and the early Przeworsk culture are also likely to have spoken proto germanic idioms. On the assumption that the first sound shift in the west of the Germanic language area did not occur until the 1st century BC Has taken place, but could also proof that Cimbri and Teutons spoken a late form of Proto-Germanic/protoceltic. And the Cimbri wars proof that some germanic tribes and celtic tribes fought and settled together in major units since 130 v.u.z (Kimbern, teutons, Ambronen, Helvetier, Boier) so they had to understand each other.
Great Video as always!
Thank you