Anatomy of the Skull : Norma Frontalis
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 ต.ค. 2024
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Anatomy of the Skull: Norma Frontalis
Norma Frontalis -When viewed from the front the skull exhibits a somewhat oval outline, limited above by the frontal bone, below by the body of the mandible, and laterally by the zygomatic bones and the mandibular rami. The upper part, formed by the frontal squama, is smooth and convex. The lower part, made up of the bones of the face, is irregular; it is excavated laterally by the orbital cavities and presents in the middle line the anterior nasal aperture leading to the nasal cavities, and below this the transverse slit between the upper and lower dental arcades. Above, the frontal eminences stand out more or less prominently, and beneath these are the superciliary arches, joined to one another in the middle by the glabella. On and above the glabella a trace of the frontal suture sometimes persists; beneath it is the frontonasal suture, the mid-point of which is termed the nasion. Behind and below the frontonasal suture the frontal articulates with the frontal process of the maxilla and with the lacrimal. Arching transversely below the superciliary arches is the upper part of the margin of the orbit, thin and prominent in its lateral two-thirds, rounded in its medial third, and presenting, at the junction of these two portions, the supraorbital notch or foramen for the supraorbital nerve and vessels. The supraorbital margin ends laterally in the zygomatic process which articulates with the zygomatic bone, and from it, the temporal line extends upward and backward. Below the frontonasal suture is the bridge of the nose, convex from side to side, concavo-convex from above downward, and formed by the two nasal bones supported in the middle line by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and laterally by the frontal processes of the maxillæ which are prolonged upward between the nasal and lacrimal bones and form the lower and medial part of the circumference of each orbit. Below the nasal bones and between the maxillæ is the anterior aperture of the nose, pyriform in shape, with the narrow end directed upward. Laterally this opening is bounded by sharp margins, to which the lateral and alar cartilages of the nose are attached; below, the margins are thicker and curve medialward and forward to end in the anterior nasal spine. On looking into the nasal cavity, the bony septum which separates the nasal cavities presents, in front, a large triangular deficiency; this, in the fresh state, is filled up by the cartilage of the nasal septum; on the lateral wall of each nasal cavity, the anterior part of the inferior nasal concha is visible. Below and lateral to the anterior nasal aperture are the anterior surfaces of the maxillæ, each perforated, near the lower margin of the orbit, by the infraorbital foramen for the passage of the infraorbital nerve and vessels. Below and medial to this foramen is the canine eminence separating the incisive from the canine fossa. Beneath these fossæ are the alveolar processes of the maxillæ containing the upper teeth, which overlap the teeth of the mandible in front. The zygomatic bone on either side forms the prominence of the cheek, the lower and lateral portion of the orbital cavity, and the anterior part of the zygomatic arch. It articulates medially with the maxilla, behind with the zygomatic process of the temporal, and above with the great wing of the sphenoid and the zygomatic process of the frontal; it is perforated by the zygomaticofacial foramen for the passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve. On the body of the mandible is a median ridge, indicating the position of the symphysis; this ridge divides below to enclose the mental protuberance, the lateral angles of which constitute the mental tubercles. Below the incisor teeth is the incisive fossa and beneath the second premolar tooth the mental foramen which transmits the mental nerve and vessels. The oblique line runs upward from the mental tubercle and is continuous behind with the anterior border of the ramus. The posterior border of the ramus runs downward and forward from the condyle to the angle, which is frequently more or less everted.
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I think the mental foramen in present below the 2nd pre molar but not 2nd molar.... Please do consider😅
thank you for correction
@@doctorbhanuprakash 🤗ur vdos are amazing sir.... Wish u a very good luck ❤️
sureee
tysm
Pls upload posterior interosseous nerve mam
Wonderful Lecture madam. Thank you so much
You are most welcome
I love these videos! This TH-cam channel is awesome!
Easily explain it very excellent nice teacher and a lot of thanks mam
Thanks and welcome
amazing lecture. thank you so much!
Really very helpful
Thank you so much mam !
wow nice explanation
Thanku so much ma'am 🙏🙏
Thanks
😊 simple explanation amd easy to understand 😊
Glad you liked it
Thanks❤️💯
Thank you so much rajitha maam❤️❤️.
Before i watching this video, it was a very complicated topic for me. Now most of the doubts were solved.🤗🤗🤗
I'm a medical student of Srilanka
Excellent explain thank you so much,👍👍💕
🤝🤝🤝
Plzz explain individual bones
yes will be posting soon
@@doctorbhanuprakash Thanks a lot🤩🤩🤩 u r a blessing to students , praying for your wellbeing
If continues this is so helful
Tq for video mam :)
Thank u its really very very helpful ☺. We need more such videos.
Is this lectures continues
How we will get the pdf of this lecture ???
Thank you Mam.
What is mean of aperture ?
Please Mam explain it.
Amazing ..... Wow I didn't believe like that easy and helpfull lecture are available in youtube.....❣
It's my pleasure
Thanks mam it's helpful and informative plzzzzzzzz make further lectures 🥰🥰👍❤️
*Can be improved*
*Visual representation is great*
Wonderful mam its easily understood
Nice to hear
Mam keep uploading
Its very helpful🙏🙏💯💯💯
Thank you, I will
Wilson Sharon Lee Susan Walker Amy
Moore Thomas Lee Brian Thompson Charles
💀
💀
Excellent lecture!!!
Loads of appreciation.
Big big big thumbs up!! 👍
Tysm
U guys made it .....very.v.suprrb.....all my sincerely thanks to those hands work 4 this to done
Thank you so much 😀
Very beautiful video 😍
Very much clear
Thank you,,,,,it is really helpful
Thankyou so much for this lecture! Very well explained.
Excellent fantastic appreciable sensational masterpiece masterclass ❤❤❤❤ 😊
Thank you so much 😀
Amazing good job 👍👏
Thank you! Cheers!
best and easy
T 🙏h 🙏🙏
informative
Have being waiting for this for long. Thanks
Hope you like it!
@@doctorbhanuprakash yes I did. Thanks
Nice madam
Thanks a lot
Very nice difined
Thank you! Cheers!
thanks but I wish if you could add a summarizing labeled picture at the end
Greatest information,clear my concept thanks mam
It's my pleasure
Please put video on norma basalis,lateralis,and temoporalis also...awesome videos.all points explained so well...
Sure
Please continue osteology of individual skull bones
Yes for sure
Very helpful presentation, thank-you
Glad it was helpful!
excellent lecture keep going
Best video 👍👍👍
Thank you so much 😀
superb lecture thanku so much😍
Most welcome 😊
Excellent
Thank you, very helpful 🥰
Glad it was helpful!
Very nice lecture ma'am
Thank you !
Thank You So Much...it was very helpful 😍
Ur most welcome
Nice explanation.thank you
Glad you liked it
never saw such a good video
tysm
Great
Thank you 💗💗
You're welcome 😊
Very very helpful 🔥🔥💥💥
Glad to hear that!
Thank you mammmm
Most welcome 😊
Thank you for this! :D
Our pleasure!
Thank you sir.,.
Most welcome
Thompson Donna Smith Christopher Gonzalez Carol
This is very helpful. Thankyou!!
You're so welcome!
Please name of book
Dr Vishram singh
Waah what an effort💖💖💖
Tysm
Great explanation
Thank you doctor
So nice of you
Absolutely outstanding
Very clean and neat
Love from Pakistan 🇵🇰
Tysm
Moore George Robinson Frank Lewis Scott
Good work❤
Thank you soooooooo much.
You're welcome!
@@doctorbhanuprakash ❣❣❣🙂