PCB Trace Repair Method Using Epoxy | BEST, Inc.

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 พ.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 144

  • @LukeWatts85
    @LukeWatts85 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Gotta say this is a really clean trace repair! I really like the attention to detail and care. Color it green like the rest and I'd say you'd never notice it was repaired unless you knew it was

  • @pr0xZen
    @pr0xZen 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Tip: If the piece is really small, don't cut your jumper ("replacement trace") off from its source (roll, longer piece etc), before you solder. Cut it _after_ soldering both joints. This will afford you a little more time to get the 2nd joing nice and well, before the tiny wire/jumper gets so hot that the 1st joints melt again.
    If you try to solder more than one joint on a very tiny piece, there's almost non thermal mass in it, so it will get hot enough for the solder in the other joint(s) to melt and move, almost instantly when you touch the wire with the iron. Navigating a pre-cut microjumper can be very tricky too, so if you hold off on cutting it off until you're done soldering the joints, it had a bit of a counterweight effect to it, making it a bit easier to navigate the business end, absorbing some of the minor tremors of the hand. Also make sure the side of your palm (and ideally all the way out including your elbows) rests on the work surface if at all possible, only navigate the iron, solder, wire etc with the fingers and fingertips. This decouples much of the small tremors in your hands and fingers, coming from the tensions in the larger muscles in you arms and shoulders.

    • @benargee
      @benargee 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Ok but if you hold it in place with kapton tape, is it really going to move?

  • @giulianocastaldo4384
    @giulianocastaldo4384 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Years later you helped me a lot. Thank you

  • @worcesterexchange554
    @worcesterexchange554 8 ปีที่แล้ว +18

    I keep a little bottle of clear nail varnish.
    Very handy for sealing screws etc in place. Would probably also work for sealing this as it is strong, water-proof, no fuss and dries in 10 minutes. It also works as a glue for repairing small cracks in plastic.

    • @JimBob1937
      @JimBob1937 8 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      While that can work, you need to be careful. Some varnishes aren't intended for circuits, which can cause then to react to the metal conductor or maybe even be partially conductive themselves (leading to impedance changes/reflections).

  • @thinktank8389
    @thinktank8389 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well done. Why do i enjoy watching these things!

  • @pcno2832
    @pcno2832 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I think I'd be inclined to solder the new etch before cutting it, just to make it easier to align. I'll soon find out if my inclination is any good. But there were plenty of good tips here; thanks for posting.

  • @jO-ox2xi
    @jO-ox2xi 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice trick never thought of using old pcb board traces Nice and flat

  • @MrAcecom7
    @MrAcecom7 11 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    You wouldn't buy the copper. If anything you would get it from spare wire you have laying around your home i.e. speaker wire, or cat5 cable. You may be able to use Kynar wire if they have a small enough size but I believe they use silver as opposed to copper which is more conductive.

  • @sanjaydahiwale1016
    @sanjaydahiwale1016 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Do all the green lines have the copper wire inside? I am talking about PCB of CRT TV.

  • @max._.4441
    @max._.4441 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I been fix my pc motherboard and cover it with clear nail polish is it good

    • @hichamelouali
      @hichamelouali 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      I scratched my motherboard by accident can you help me to fix it plz?

  • @NicleT
    @NicleT 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    So, where can I get those small precise tools?
    (I believe there’s one dentist’s scraper, but what about the other tools?)

  • @mikh9202
    @mikh9202 8 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thanks for the tutorial. So tiny, i dont know if i can do this, but i will try.

    • @NunYa953
      @NunYa953 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Update? Or are you still working on it? 😂

    • @vitor900000
      @vitor900000 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@NunYa953
      Its kind of impossible to do this job on a smartphone trace. Some of them are almost the same size of a human hair.

    • @wayneegli8379
      @wayneegli8379 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@vitor900000 There are multiple tricks to do this. For traces under 0.006 inch / .15mm, I recommended using pre-tinned wire. For short runs, the wire can be flattened. Also, for the epoxy touch-up I suggest Taiyo UV cure solder mask. Taiyo sells small quantities for repairs.

  • @naderhumood
    @naderhumood 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great job Sir.... I like the Apprauch..but continuity has to be checked.

  • @DaytonCarCare
    @DaytonCarCare 11 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Would a trace pen work just as well?

    • @harrymason1053
      @harrymason1053 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      But this an instructional video on a PCB trace repair using epoxy. Don't muddy the water.

    • @DaytonCarCare
      @DaytonCarCare 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@harrymason1053 How is that? Just asking a question. lol ;)

    • @harrymason1053
      @harrymason1053 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DaytonCarCare It's like someone had a video on cooking a great beef hamburger and you said, could I use ham and call it a beefburger? I say you're clobbering the video by changing the topic. It's not good manners. That's called netiquite. Don't clobber someone else's post.

    • @DaytonCarCare
      @DaytonCarCare 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@harrymason1053 It's a question that's related to the same subject matter you weirdo. OMG :(

    • @LukeWatts85
      @LukeWatts85 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DaytonCarCare 🤣 This back and over just cracked me up! Brilliant! His own analogy had contradictions in it 🤣

  • @KaloqnBankov
    @KaloqnBankov 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This should work for a damaged PCB on a Video Card, right?

  • @beyondimagination07
    @beyondimagination07 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where do you get that flat copper used for trace material? Also, is it sold in different sizes (I work on boards with various size traces).

    • @zeroumashi2947
      @zeroumashi2947 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I don't know about them, but i just use copper foil tape and cut to size.
      If i can't get ahold of copper tape i just use single strand 24 to 30 awg pre-tinned wire with a kynar, silicone, or teflon sleeve.
      I use superglue, nitro nail polish, or liquid electrical tape to cover the exposed sections after soldering and haven't had any issues.

  • @alfredrein699
    @alfredrein699 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Maby anyone can help me to understand a word in the Video 0:58.
    Remove the damage --> "Porschen?" of the Circuit trace. I can't find that word anywhere in a dictionary. I've heard that word so many times, but I don't know how to write it or what it means.
    Porschen?

  • @JustAlanIsCool
    @JustAlanIsCool 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm not sure what the pro's use but I'm doing a little pcb repair ( hdmi port bridge) and using individual wire strands from scrap wire I have laying around. 18 gauge wire, strip off all the insulation and you can make tons of leads.
    *audio speaker wire has some super fine strands btw and what I'm about to try on my next dry run repair. Original xbox one hdmi out port is gone, 6 pads left on the pcb of the original 19, it literally looks like someone took pliers and ripped the port out. Also 3 resistors under the heat sink are missing 😵 thank goodness I'm near-sighted because I don't have a magnifying glass to use

  • @jappadadappa
    @jappadadappa 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi, can anyone give me a list of all the tools used in this video? I know most of them, but a good few I have never used before.

  • @maryanncooke8421
    @maryanncooke8421 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The videos were very helpful but.....can someone tell me where to buy the circuit trace material

    • @Deneteus
      @Deneteus 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Mary Ann Cooke There is actually a kit. If you can find it for cheap its useful but its really expensive www.stanleysupplyservices.com/circuitmedic-201-2100-professional-repair-kit/p/418-012

  • @MemberRoach
    @MemberRoach 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I remember the good old days when you could still repair a PCB board by hand. Anyone else remember being able to count the connections on a PCB? Member when PCB was cancer causing? Ah, the good ol' days.

  • @soorajsm4609
    @soorajsm4609 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    After track replacement with new copper track.... Should it be exposed as it is? Why it shouldn't covered with green solder mask?

  • @kevinsono
    @kevinsono 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I go on indeed and see companies offering electronic technicians $14-$18 an hour in Miami FL and they are basically doing electronic surgery. The payment they offer for that kind of tedious work just doesn't seem right to me.

  • @GiorgioCapocasa
    @GiorgioCapocasa 13 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    My instructor's awesome :P
    Thank you (:

  • @davidcotal8244
    @davidcotal8244 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome tutorial!

  • @phadimunda174
    @phadimunda174 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    What is the name of this tools

  • @messenger8279
    @messenger8279 9 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    I have to wonder if the guy with the voice over sounds like a robot in real life.

    • @cjtoronto8190
      @cjtoronto8190 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      God, I hope so.

    • @dorak2352
      @dorak2352 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm not sure but ,if anyone else trying to find out
      electronic keyboard repair
      try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (Have a quick look on google cant remember the place now ) ? Ive heard some pretty good things about it and my mate got cool results with it.

  • @friedmule5403
    @friedmule5403 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Many thanks for sharing this great knowledge, May I please ask a noob question?
    Would it be possible to dye the epoxy to a green color, so that the end result would be about the same as the original traces?

    • @rhenzmatthw6250
      @rhenzmatthw6250 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      you need to combine the color agent to epoxy.

    • @friedmule5403
      @friedmule5403 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rhenzmatthw6250 Thanks for your answer! Do you know what type of paint I can use?

    • @mwint1982
      @mwint1982 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      There is a green solder mask epoxy that cures with UV light

    • @friedmule5403
      @friedmule5403 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@mwint1982 Oh yes, genius! Of course that would make it look near perfect, thanks! :-)

  • @2sup4
    @2sup4 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where can I buy the replacement trace copper?

  • @apsenpai8086
    @apsenpai8086 7 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    what cause the trace damage?

    • @tigerchills2079
      @tigerchills2079 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Not sure about this particular case, but you can get broken traces when you overexpose or overetch a PCB. When making prototypes, you might decide to rather patch the one or the other broken traces on a bad PCB instead of going through the whole process of making a new PCB.

    • @jsc3417
      @jsc3417 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      typically a short circuit that burns the trace away, in which case, a few more component will be damaged along the way. This video is outdated, most circuit boards cost less to replace than to repair.

    • @MasterNiva
      @MasterNiva 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      short circuit usually ,traces act like fuses,

    • @NunYa953
      @NunYa953 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Stupidity

    • @NicB-Creations
      @NicB-Creations 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      He cut it with a knife.

  • @amdintelxsniperx
    @amdintelxsniperx 9 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Nice I have an msi 760 g fx board that's got some damaged traces causing a couple ram slots to not work I may try this :)

    • @Suprematista
      @Suprematista 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      I have the same problem now on a msi mobo... How did it work?

  • @BlueRidgeMarine
    @BlueRidgeMarine 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice Job! Thanks for sharing.

  • @prashanthb6521
    @prashanthb6521 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks !

  • @nounouberbez
    @nounouberbez 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bonne astuce merci 👍

  • @PabloPazosGutierrez
    @PabloPazosGutierrez 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why not tin the replacement trace beforehand?

  • @jimmysegovia2688
    @jimmysegovia2688 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome 👌

  • @xray364
    @xray364 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I’m not sure how the clamp to hold the wire during the epoxy curing time didn’t stick to the wire

    • @cosmicbren
      @cosmicbren 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      If the clamp is smooth enough on its surface it shouldn't

  • @davissonferreira7717
    @davissonferreira7717 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Como consigo os materiais?

  • @hawaiisidecar
    @hawaiisidecar 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for this!

  • @pgalatioto
    @pgalatioto 6 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    "Me and Jenny was like Isopropyl Alcohol and a lint free cloth." Solder Paste Gump

  • @megwatts1903
    @megwatts1903 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yeah, cool. With the many burned and missing traces on my PCB, it'll take a month of Sundays to fix them with this technique, assuming I could, which is doubtful.

  • @northwestrepair
    @northwestrepair ปีที่แล้ว

    Now go watch my last 4090 crack repair video and have your mind blown away because this here is a JOKE

  • @Bylga
    @Bylga 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice job!

  • @keithpetrino
    @keithpetrino 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    By epoxy, do you mean ordinary 2-part epoxy from the hardware store?

  • @stormwarrior5241
    @stormwarrior5241 9 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    "With a lint free cloth" - Has anyone ever come across a cloth that boasted it was packed full of lint?

    • @arnelrodriguez6346
      @arnelrodriguez6346 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      +SolderingGeek
      Not certain about the points made but ,if anyone else wants to uncover
      electronics repair course
      try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (just google it ) ? Ive heard some awesome things about it and my buddy got cool results with it.

    • @tigerchills2079
      @tigerchills2079 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      +Arnel Rodriguez "Talking about lint free cloths: here is a totally unrelated promotion about a repair course"

    • @sophiashcherbakova2867
      @sophiashcherbakova2867 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm not sure but ,if anyone else trying to find out
      learn electronics repair
      try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (Have a quick look on google cant remember the place now ) ? Ive heard some amazing things about it and my neighbor got excellent success with it.

    • @aleksandarmirchev5792
      @aleksandarmirchev5792 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      hey ,if anyone else wants to discover
      notebook repair
      try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (just google it ) ? Ive heard some extraordinary things about it and my co-worker got amazing success with it.

    • @dares.3002
      @dares.3002 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      hi everyone ,if anyone else trying to find out
      repair laptop
      try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (Have a quick look on google cant remember the place now ) ? Ive heard some unbelievable things about it and my colleague got excellent success with it.

  • @EyezLikaFox̌
    @EyezLikaFox̌ 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Omg tyvm now I can fix the broken led on my 360 controller

  • @ZAIDALHOWEITAT
    @ZAIDALHOWEITAT 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks for your show but the best record your video HD

  • @MrGracentruth
    @MrGracentruth 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    What kind of tape was used, again? Sorry, ...couldn't hear it said clearly.

    • @Envinite
      @Envinite 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Polyimide tape that protect circuits from static. Though, a standard clear tape from office tools supply would works the same since it's only used to temporally hold the wire.

  • @mozumilo
    @mozumilo 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    how do I repair broken soldering point on pcb ?

    • @peshozmiata
      @peshozmiata 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Is it a cracked joint or a lifted pad?

  • @jjenson2006
    @jjenson2006 8 ปีที่แล้ว +30

    Nice way to turn a 1 minute job into a half hour job. Could have just bridged the two trace ends with a piece of throughhole component lead (plenty of these laying around a repair shop), covered it in conformal coating and called it a day.

    • @pcno2832
      @pcno2832 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I'd normally use a wire as you suggest. But there are cases in which the repair needs a low profile, and this method might be just the thing for some of them. I've got to replace an etch that's a also switch contact and some of the repair obviously has to be foil, so I'll have to resort to something like this.

    • @jsc3417
      @jsc3417 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      not if the broken trace is part of a high speed differential signal pair.

    • @honved1
      @honved1 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      jsc a genuine question here, no trolling. What difference is there between the two methods? Would the throughole wire repair alter the circuits resistance beyond the designers tolerance/specs? Thanks for reading.

    • @MasterNiva
      @MasterNiva 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      I usually use a component´s lead as a resistor. that prodedure is very nice but inecessary the guy that has done this video is probably neurosurgeon

    • @NunYa953
      @NunYa953 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      There's always an arrogant know it all in the comments...

  • @1337Shockwav3
    @1337Shockwav3 8 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Use isolated wire + hotglue :D

  • @Walczyk
    @Walczyk 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    poly humen tape????

  • @crazyjavex45
    @crazyjavex45 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    is it possible to do this on a gameboy cartridge?

    • @gile849
      @gile849 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      no

  • @noorsadakath4164
    @noorsadakath4164 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice

  • @bbikerk.m1026
    @bbikerk.m1026 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    thaks for video

  • @stickboyfpv4742
    @stickboyfpv4742 5 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    240p I cant see wtf going on here🤣

    • @BrandonBeans
      @BrandonBeans 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Lol. It's so small IRL, this is more clear than under 5x for me!

  • @leecambsuk2871
    @leecambsuk2871 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    some tinned copper wire scabbed in and then brushed with conformal coat is fine unless board is subject to loads of movement. that repair took far too long and quit saying soder, it's solder.

  • @bainiangudu2008
    @bainiangudu2008 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    nice.

  • @kezza069
    @kezza069 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    kinda hard if your pcb has around 500 traces that are broken... like in my neo geo jamma board :(

  • @Alf_Shamuei
    @Alf_Shamuei 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Если бы я так восстанавливал дорожки я бы уже с голоду умер

  • @lhie1
    @lhie1 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    i click like, but, fxxk, this is impossible to me, u rock dude!!

  • @upayuktamahiti4586
    @upayuktamahiti4586 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Here is one more guide - www.pcbonline.com/blog/How_To_Repair_Printed_Circuit_Board_57.html

  • @jayytee8062
    @jayytee8062 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Or just run jumper wire where permissible and avoid this all together in no time flat.

  • @operationoverloard
    @operationoverloard 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    With all the specialty equipment used here, it's probably cheaper to buy a new circuit board.

  • @Hrothgar98
    @Hrothgar98 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Skip the epoxy - just cover the whole length of the new trace with a bead of cyanoacrylate (Superglue that you can buy at any store). Let it dry & cure for about an hour. Good to go.

  • @viarnay
    @viarnay 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    the one who does not know is like the one who does not see :-1

  • @surveydevelopment8888
    @surveydevelopment8888 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Too intricate for me to do,

  • @Hannityification
    @Hannityification 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    yep this stuff is not as hard as one may think.

  • @mrrelliot4950
    @mrrelliot4950 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Its Solder not Soder, also the video is out of focus and in poor res.

  • @marcogomez2656
    @marcogomez2656 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    hi everyone ,if anyone else trying to find out
    pcb repairs
    try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (do a search on google ) ? Ive heard some super things about it and my cousin got excellent success with it.

  • @manuelvalera959
    @manuelvalera959 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm not sure but ,if anyone else is searching for
    repair pcb
    try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (just google it ) ? Ive heard some super things about it and my neighbor got great success with it.

  • @pulemec
    @pulemec 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ok,now how do i know where is the damaged circuit ? :))

    • @pikepeak1
      @pikepeak1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      +Jack Maquire continuity test

    • @pulemec
      @pulemec 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks,i repaired.

  • @therealdrof
    @therealdrof 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    The what mask? The sodder mask? Is he saying solder like a knob?

    • @JimBob1937
      @JimBob1937 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      How do you pronounce it? Solder, as in 'sodder,' is the common pronunciation, in the USA at least.

    • @therealdrof
      @therealdrof 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      Well it's got an L in it for a kick off, so "solder" as in "bolder", "older" etc. Not "sodder" as in "fodder". Never heard that one before.

    • @JimBob1937
      @JimBob1937 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Ah, interesting. I looked it up, and UK pronunciation does include the 'L' and for whatever reason us Americans decided they don't like the 'L,' haha.

    • @ZZZ-z9n3n
      @ZZZ-z9n3n 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      that's why it's so difficult to understand these guys when they speak.
      only defeated by chinese or kids who speak english
      i guess american kids are worst :p

    • @bradsmith1934
      @bradsmith1934 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Correct.
      Pronounce Solder the same as you pronounce Solvent.
      Oxford English.

  • @hayrdnellcayaspo7796
    @hayrdnellcayaspo7796 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    hi everyone ,if anyone else wants to uncover
    electronics repair shops
    try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (do a google search ) ? Ive heard some incredible things about it and my brother in law got amazing results with it.

  • @whoooshmeifyougay4482
    @whoooshmeifyougay4482 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    too complicated, just use jumper cable and u are done under 1 minute

  • @valentinaselektrikas
    @valentinaselektrikas 8 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    omg :D its so pedantic :D

  • @petakzametak141
    @petakzametak141 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm not sure but ,if anyone else wants to uncover
    electronic repairs london
    try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System ( search on google ) ? Ive heard some pretty good things about it and my friend got cool results with it.

  • @mariamakilingpower854
    @mariamakilingpower854 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    interesting points ,if anyone else needs to find out about
    electronic repair guide
    try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System ( search on google ) ? Ive heard some super things about it and my mate got cool success with it.

  • @ahmedjaher9614
    @ahmedjaher9614 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    interesting points ,if anyone else wants to learn about
    electronic equipment repair
    try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (Have a quick look on google cant remember the place now ) ? Ive heard some pretty good things about it and my brother in law got cool results with it.

  • @deogeneslascojr.7256
    @deogeneslascojr.7256 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    interesting try Saankramer Electronic Magazine System (just google it ) ? Ive heard some unbelievable things about it and my buddy got amazing results with it.
    points ,if anyone else is searching for
    how to repair circuit board

  • @nigelsmith4948
    @nigelsmith4948 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    or... just buy a new PCB!

    • @Juvelqairth
      @Juvelqairth 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Nigel Smith
      If they are hasty

    • @tigerchills2079
      @tigerchills2079 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      That's an issue when a certain PCB is usually sold with a laptop around it. You might want to save some bucks and rather repair it.

  • @bridgetflynn192
    @bridgetflynn192 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    nice vid. Excellent.