The Story of Thailand's Ancient Buddhist Kingdom | the Dvāravatī Mon Kingdoms of Southeast Asia
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 13 มิ.ย. 2023
- Welcome! Today's video explores Southeast Asia's oldest Buddhist kingdoms formerly located in present-day Thailand. The ancient Mon kingdoms of the Dvāravatī thrived between the 6th century to the 13th century, and were potentially the first culture in Southeast Asia to fully embrace Buddhism in the late-first millennium. Please join on this fascinating journey through history.
For more information on the history of the Dvāravatī see:
Lawrence Palmer Briggs, “Dvaravati, the Most Ancient Kingdom of Siam,” Journal of the American Oriental Society (1945)
Ian Glover, “The Dvaravati Gap-Linking Prehistory and History in Early Thailand,” Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association (2010)
For more information on the spread of Dvāravatī culture and Buddhism see:
Stephen A. Murphy, “Buddhism and its Relationship to Dvaravati Period Settlement Patterns and Material Culture in Northeast Thailand and Central Laos C. Sixth-Eleventh Centuries A.D.: A Historical Ecology Approach to the Landscape of the Khorat Plateau,” Asian Perspectives (2014)
H.G. Quaritch Wales, “Dvaravati in South-East Asian Cultural History,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1966)
Mon people still live in Thailand and Burma. Similar to the Chams who loss their territories in Vietnam, the Mon are now a smaller ethnic groups amongst the Tais now. Their Dvaravati kingdom truly was probably even older than the Khmer empire of Angkor.
Well, this is is a complex subject. But Thailand officially traces the beginning of their national history to Sukhothai. Some people would tie their heritage with Dvaravati. But Dvaravati was a Mon state or states.
Yes, very true. Ayutthaya incorporated Dvaravati into the official name of their capital in the 14th century after conquering several Mon states. Chronicles typically settle on Sukothai, which is the older of the two Thai states.
Kelantan malay is a mon People.. kelantan is part of davarthi and funan.. why history not know about this.. why split mon and kelantan who become malay
Sukhothai was registered as first thai kingdom because King rama VI believed that it was Utopia for him( kingdom without coup d'etat) and ruling system was " The father governs his child"
However Historical fact show up that Ayutthaya was more older than Sukhothai.
Because of fact that it is related to King rama VI belief. nobody in government dared to disobey King order (King Rama VI was a poet and Drama director, he fell in love with Sukhothai Utopia and its story)
In another historical lines tai kingdoms while also got Indianization such as Hiran Nyeng yang (6 century) in the same period with Dvaravati or Singhanavati kingdom(2-6AC) was a tai kingdom in the northern part of Thailand. Before Tai influence came to Chao praya basin later when Yuan and Ming dynasties supported merchantry from Dali kingdom to Chao praya basin and Tai language was used as official language for trading this point made the people of Chao praya basin have to learn and speak tai language and later tai language became an official language of central of Thailand.
@@MrMaksimmilian king rama 1 son of king mon khmer during funan empire
@@hekaldaniel8514 King Rama I was a descendant of Chao praya Kosa pan, who was Mon from Sukhothai root , later he served Ayutthaya
Kosa pan was a son of First concubine to King Narai named by legend "Chao mae wat dusit" who had root from Sukhothai dynasty (Mon in Sukhothai)
However the King rama I shared the same father with the Royal family of Cambodia " Narodom clan" nowday
Wow a discovery that old ! 😮❤ and showing a deeper details on the come about of the Thai or Siamese.
We sort of aware that Thais or the Siamese people are a big mixture of many different local groups along with the migration traveling in from a far and finally settled in together in this fertile prosperous land.
This is amazing when you Thai can traced back your bloodline that far back. Knowing who might be your ancestors group that goes back even further in time ritually shows how far in progress you have achieved as a race. Its unlikely that a Culture and civilization only derives from just one uniqueness.
Every regions around the world will always have undiscovered links in connection. We always suspect that it is not only the Indian from the west or the the Chinese from the east or the indigenous from the south or the Persian and Arab from the north that made up Thailand in Southeast Asia over the past 800 to 900 years.
There must already be some older local as the first settlers around the area in the first place, whom of which had form up the first early advance civilization, in this case nearly 2000 years ago. The new found biggest evidence of an empire city as huge as this will definitely proved that Siamese or Thai race has already been there for a long period of time and that Thai isn’t just the the migration of people.
Apart from the hunter gatherer group which we won’t mention because that will take us back further than 4000 years, the Central plains of Thailand is generally safety in climates with rich natural geography resources that can easily attract attention from abundances of life.
Therefore, if Thailand were to dig up even more, undoubtedly another discovery of civilization as big as this or older than this is probably very likely to be found.
Indeed so far with modern scientific technology, this journey is nothing but incredible. Not only it is another welcome additional information to what has already been found. But it is a keepsake treasure evident for a beautiful country with diversity of heritages that has been running through time.
We understand that history is forever changing. Your new discoveries can be passed on for many more Thai generations to come and of course your history have to be re written once again. Well done to the Thai and the archeologist team on their hard work. In the geographical world and world history this is BiggG🎉❤
Hi , can you tell me which chinese source mention the po-li-lo-cha kingdom ? I want to read it
Love it! Can you make a video about Srivijaya empire?
Thanks! I will certainly make a video on Srivijaya, another fascinating empire
thanks u lm, Mons❤
Any time!
"Krungthep Dvaravati Sri Ayutthaya" , this name has existed since ancient times.
The Thai kings are descended from the Mon kings, and even now the Mon and Thai are still brothers. The Hanthawati Empire was destroyed by the Burmese Empire.😊
They are not stop the BS they would’ve spoken the language but they don’t they speak Kra Dai with Khmer loan words
@@KhmerarticleWhat he is telling is literally true
A few backgrounds of historiography, first of all, "the oldest Southeast Asian Kingdom " is more complex, more akin to David Graeber and Wengrow book " The Dawn of Everything".
The establishments of Funan in around 68 CE, is more construction from Coedes, based on the Vo Canh incription and other sources (mainly Chinese) from the third century CE. However, archaeological LIDAR evidence, Funan capital, Angkor Borei, has seen numerous inhabitants since at least around 500BCE, making it older than the oldest estimate of Dvaravati, SriVijaya and Linyi. Yet, whether the estimation, Funan, was clearly more regional superpower, due to many evidences such as international port of Oc Eo (mentioned by Ptolemy). 68 CE, is more if Coedes went by the "marriage" of Kaudinya/HunTien (if he really existed) to the queen of already existing kingdom. This possible marriage is how the inhabitants told the Chinese emissaries and written on stone inscription, as their earliest known history and the origin of literacy and clothing.
Other SEA kingdoms, such as Dvaravati, Sri Vijaya (est 200 BCE), likely come the same way, existing as small mandala chiefdoms, until noticed or influenced by more literate civilizations. The Chinese Buddhist Yijing, staying at the Buddhist Sri Vijaya at the time, mentioned that more Khmers in the mainland were also devoted Buddhists, until a recent prosecution by a king and resulted in the destruction of the religion.
Also, more complex is that Funan, Zhenla, Champa, Dvaravati, Annam, might just be simply mistaken terms from confused travelers and historians. As more research came up, it is unlikely that Champa had ever been a unified state, so did Annam for most of its history under Chinese "rule". Funan and Zhenla were seen as the strongest polities in the mainland by Chineses, but it is unclear, how much territory that it "solidified its rule"until Jayavaraman II (800CE). Dvaravati (iirc, has more mentions in the Angkorian inscription) is a city further away from Lavo. The ancient Khmers may simply think all the lands west of Lavo, belong to Dvara(Door)vati, the same way the Vietnamese/Khmers believe Zhanceng/Vijyaya ruled all the Chams and the Chinese believed that Funan ruled all the Khmers land and Malay searoutes. This might explained the lack of Dvaravati showing up in inscriptions, since the territories that it thought to have, in actuality, belonged to different mandala polities.
Really nice. Do you play any paradox games like eu4?
Thanks! I've heard of eu4 but I haven't played it. AoE 1-3 and AoMyth were the games that got me interested in history
@@storiesinhistory Should give it a shot. Eu4 is the goat strategy game if you can manage to pick up the interface.
@@CautionCU I'll probably pick it up this summer then
Of course I am Mon!
I have seen no evidence of your proposed 10th C Burmese conquest of Dvaravati. Would like to read it if possible?
Where is mon inscriptional studies tht can access online?
Kongkaew Veeraprajak provides a great early study on inscriptions in southern Thailand: www.spafajournal.org/index.php/spafadigest/article/view/474
As well as Hunter I Watson also as an article of interest for northern Thailand (the site requires an account to download the pdf, but it is free): www.academia.edu/25226531/A_new_look_at_the_Old_Mon_inscriptions_of_northern_Thailand
hope that helps!
As DNA Analysis of international at Asian. Current DNA of Thai people are Ancient Mon including India that high and mostly in Asian but DNA of Cambodian people are same Indonesia. What's mean?🤔
@@billfahchannel934
Most Thai people spread this topic. The picture that Thai people claim about the DNA actually there is a clearly comment below, but they erased.
Thailand Laos Vietnam have the same DNA they talking about the prehistory not the history era. Because Thailand Laos and Vietnam have too many Tai Kra-dai groups that speak the same family language. But for the present Thai people especially, the Central Thailand shared the strongly Khmer-Mon DNA. This is so true, because this area once was heavily influenced by Khmer-Mon civilizations. Those people just switched their own language into Official Thai language.
For the Indonesia who are Austronesian people actually, the anthropologists studied shown the Austronesian people mixed or came to mainland SEA at least the first Millennium. The establishment of Funan was truely related to Austronesian people who were the expert seafarers people. As you see the fall of Chenla was related to the Javanese kingdom invasion and the king Jayavarman II was the hostage took to Javanese Kingdom. The clearest information about the Javanese Invasion is from Sadok Khokthom temple in Si Sa Kaeo province. That why you see the most Cambodian as Indonesian shared the similar DNA! BECAUSE the people of Funan were both Austronesian and Austro-asiatic people. The most highest Cambodians who shared the similar DNA was the people of Southern Cambodia and Vietnam. And this also the largest Javanese descent in Cambodia.
@@billfahchannel934it only merge
Thailand has always talked about Travadi, but we still haven't found clear enough information to publish. People who study civilization always talk about this.
There is still much left to be done, but there is currently research starting to be published which is a good sign
I wish that there lasted some resources and artefacts left by the mon kingdoms, which usually had succumbed to their neighbors Khmer and Burmese often, the largest blow would have been during the tai invasions into northern and central thailand.
The tai kadai had mixed and assimilated the mons in the central and north to form many Thai groups.
In the northeast (Lao), tai-lao had mixed with some mon groups but more khmer and asiatic hill tribes (most likely) to form lao/laotian / isaan thai.
I also wonder what it may have been like if some mon kingdoms existed to the present day and how that would have affected relations with Khmer / Cambodia as opposed to Siam and Ayutthaya.
@Avuso okay
Well Siam and lavo merging was basically Ayutthaya, Sukhothai didn't do exactly much except for a long strip of land down to malay peninsular up to lanna. Basically Chao Phraya basin.
But I also heard Ayutthaya's first king, in lopburi was of Khmer descent.
So something must have happened from the tai kadai end from the north that colonized the asiatics to go against each other to wipe out the khmer influence and identity, as they moved south into the central.
Something that is still happening today in the form of nationalism and world giving credit to supposed Thai culture and influences (instead of clearly saying Khmer and Mon).
The mon and khmer became thai and mix with tai kadai, as we all know. (many more throughout time, borderless lands, moving back and forth, war bringing people back and forth to different lands, mixing and assimilating)
And the Mon have basically been wiped out in terms of identity, and a very small population, I theorize, from joining all the tai groups from southern to lanna, and joining and assimilating to burmese, in Myanmar side.
The Dangrek mountains had provided a barrier from the lowland, plateau plains of thailand's central and northeast, so that's also a possibility of khmer being left moreso shielded
And yes, I know central thai have a lot of mon genetic influences, but I don't negate khmer towards east central and eastern part, nearer to the cambodian side
and more mon going toward the south toward malaya (as they were pushed out), as explained by how there is a certain look to these Orang Siam in Malaysia that look austroasiatic, but not exactly like khmer.
I also heard Central Thai language is 50% tai kadai, 35% Mon and Khmer (Khmer probably around 10-15% of this and the rest mon), and 15% pali sanskrit.
@Avuso okay and I noticed, for some thai or many thai that are not mixed with tai kadai, or do not look tai kadai
and they look more austroasiatic, they have this kind of softer feature compared to khmer, and I suppose that is the mon people that just assimilated and became thai.
question: are the mons of thailand different from burmese mons? I heard a thai person say they look different from burmese mons and more like thai.
laos side is more khmer, and we can hear more khmer words in lao language. And appearance of unmixed lao (khmer descent) still look very khmer. Mixed to varying degrees as is rest of thailand.
@Avuso okay Thank you for your contributions as well!
I think there needs to be a resaerch on the lao side, as I also hear considerable khmer words (in sense that they are still original words that have not taken a dialect-like form or indigenized)
South Isaan and South Laos would make more sense having more khmer words and many khmer assimilated there, as did mon in lanna, etc. (but more north, more original, and separate tribal groups would effectively be more original in dialect / lang.)
As for Thai, I am sure many words became indigenized, taken local forms, use more ancient versions of words, or mon-influenced khmer words, as to why most can only understand about 15% actively listening.
It is very interesting and the regions are a mosaic mix of mon, khmer, and various tai groups. The indonesian Malaysian side is split evenly between austronesian and austroasiatic. (You may check "melayu dna test" YT, and there are at least 20+ words inline with khmer that I have found in Malay.)
And yes I agree, that is an interesting theory that they adopted the language for trade purposes, like Malay. The royal family is said to have some mon blood, but mixed chinese. Rama 7 Pokklao also looks very austroasiatic.
ชาวมอญไม่ได้หายไป คำว่าไทย คือชื่อใหม่ ไทยไม่ใช่ชนชาติโบราณ
ขอม ไม่ใช่ เขมร เค้าคือขอมในประเทศไทย ต้นกำเนิดนครวัดมาจาก อีสานปุระ ซึ่งใช้คำพูดเป็นภาษาไทย ภาษาเขียนมาจากอินเดีย ภาษาไทยผสมผสานภาษาอินเดีย วันปีใหม่ คนไทยจะเรียก วันสงกรานต์ ภาษาเขมร จะเรียก วันปีใหม่ โจนชนัมถะเมย เห็นได้ชัดเจน ว่า ภาษาเขมร มีเอกลักษณ์เป็นของตัวเอง และเค้าใช้อักษรของอินเดีย ภาษาพูดคุยสืบถอดมาหลายร้อยปี ภาษาเขียนสามารถเปลี่ยนได้ แต่ภาษาพูดมันเปลี่ยนยากมาก
But i'm think is culture more than kingdom , Because even not have a list of king .Is just a important state in south east asia
Indeed, there is no king list found regarding Dvaravati. There is some debate among scholars on whether it was a kingdom, complex network of city-states, or a culture.
@@storiesinhistoryit is a culture civilization, the culture have been spread from northern and West Laos, Issan To southern Thai
Bro tais came from china and call anyone a claimbodian and make death threats
Kathoy siem just jealous about magnificent ancient Khmer culture, arts, costumes,... and Cambodia which is modern Khmer is so poor and has been gradually become Chinese even thought they don't have Chinese root as Siem thai lẹo, that's why kathoy siem keep degrading Khmer on over the internet.
Tai original is Indian Assam. After that Chinese came! Don't you know. Even Indian people having the proof.
We believe now Dvaravati was not the Mon kingdom but the kingdom of Siam which people had both Tai and Mon and even Malay ethnic as the ancestors a.k.a. the mixed race.
The kingdom of siem born later then Khmer empire for hundred years, it is a mix of Mon-Khmer culture + Chinese, but mostly from Khmer culture, as stated by World's famous Brintannica Dictionary
As DNA Analysis of international at Asian. Current DNA of Thai people are Ancient Mon including India that high and mostly in Asian but DNA of Cambodian people are same Indonesia. What's mean?🤔
Good question! It indicates that there were at least two major waves of people arriving to southeast asia in antiquity: Austronesian and Austroasiatic.
This poor educated swine commenting this is trying to say the "Thais" were rulers of Angkor, which they were not. Keep dreaming Siamese🤣🤣
@@storiesinhistoryit only merge as tai have merge with mon while also did merge with java in relation
mon kingdom . thai fight mon get land
Yesss.. kelantan malay also a mon people who now identity malay.. we build a new kingdom after loss
Exactly Ancient mon people expensed territory till Malayu land too.
@@MrMaksimmilian thai claim that kelantan malay people was siam race.. before muslim and called malay.. old siam race like sukhotai not new tai kadal.. that why our culture look alike.. cause siam also from mon
@@hekaldaniel8514Siamese people have known the origin of themselves for many centuries already. The Genetic analysis test showed up that they hold a lot of mon bloodline and plus Indian from Kalinga state. In the ancient time Mon before Dvaravati assimilated with Indian Kalinga. That's why Siamese have indian Genome about 30%. However Tai-kadai language and cultural influence were the powerful one in the merchant period. On Chao praya basin live indigenous people mon-khmer. They had to adapt Tai language and culture to their own life style. Thai language was arranged to Tai-kadai linguatical group because Thai language is a tonal language, however if consider the context in Thai language we will found out that thai language is a hybrid language same as other languages in the world. Same as another SEA languages we borrow loan words from each other for many centuries via diplomatic, marriage, trading
It’s sad that Thai once again claim
Dvaravati is Thai when it’s Mon just like how now they’re claiming
Khmer empire and distorting truths
Nothing wrong mon people is a part of Thai nation.
Why you need to be sad with the truth ???
@@chino9967The Siam and lavo once merged to Call Siam-lavo but Chinese Call them as siemlahu or siemlaho
@@ppeak-jm6nxA lot of Mon ethnic reside in Myanmar now. They may be some Thai with Mon ethnic descent but nothing compared to the ones that r fully Mon in Myanmar they even speak Mon there.
I have Mon blood and now we all are Thai. We flight together with Tai people too. And we still in our land!
Eh! Everyone claims they're Chinese now.
since when 😭
This should be named Mon kingdom . This is like calling it english history but the entire covering is about china .
The Thai alway say they are from China original and they always disguisted of people with dark skin. Now they claim that they native to this area? How?
Mons is the real owner of the land. Tai came after. Now they are all Thai . We don't mixed up with Khmer.
@@dannysajeff Thank for the reply. Cambodian have been in Southeast Asia since the darwn of time. We do not want to claim anything that is not our. Let me share some Cambodian history with you. Original people of this Southeast Asian penisular are call Mon. Let me start with contact with Central land people (original Chinese people); the Chinese came down to present day Cambodia to trade goods and do business with the local Mon people. The Chinese sailors mix blood with the local Mon. Later the Indian from South Asia came to present day Cambodia and also mix blood with the local Mon. Chinese historian record this kingdom as Funan. And later time other Chinese historian record this Kingdom as Chenla. Later an Indian prince marry Mon Princess (Cambodian Princess). It Change the people name from Mon to Khmer. The Mon people in coastal area eventally change their name while the Mon people in Burma are call Mon. Later in time there was a civil war between people want to keep the Mon name and the people who want the Khmer name. The Khmer won the war. Then again in time the Khmer want to remember as Mon so the people call Mon-Khmer. During the Khmer Empire there a large Chinese community and mixed blood Khmer and Chinese. American call the Khmer, Cambodian. Thai and Thai nationalist Luang Wichitwathakon call Khmer, Khom. Nowaday the Thai are brainwash they call the Khmer, Khmai and themselve Khom.
@@dannysajeff What is Siam and what is Thai? Where are they from?
@@dannysajeff let's compare your history. What is your history as a Mon person?
no no Cambodia is the owner of the whole China and Japan you know this right
Thai is not Mon. Don’t Thai To Me
Khmer doesn't have any cultures and also cannot create any ancient cities. One thing that Khmer can do the best is claim, Claimbodia.
Kun khmer 🐃🇰🇭
I'm Mons-Thai . And all my family is all Thai now. We flight with Burmese in the past. We still stay in our land. Not like you.
@dannysajeff what a weak person. we have culture and shit on every body that I don't believe my believe bad behavior
Mon was one of the people who made Thailand today Thai. Thai king of Chakri Dynasty has mon blood. Lavo or Modernday Loburi was also predecessor of modern day Thai central people.
They Mon not Thai
Absolutely right
True, but the Mon are mostly Thai these days having been absorbed into Thai culture through marriage. That is why Thais consider Mon part of their ancestral heritage. Very few pure Mon people survived to this day.
@@kimsanang3584As DNA Analysis of international at Asian. Current DNA of Thai people are Ancient Mon including India that high and mostly in Asian but DNA of Cambodian people are same Indonesia. What's mean?🤔
@@abmong the majority of Mon people live in lower Myanmar & only few in Thailand like some are the Nyah Kur people and their are mon community outside of Southeast Asia
@@neozeon2567 You're talking about surviving Mon communities of today. I'm talking about historically the Mon people that lived in parts of what is now Thailand, those all intermarried with Thais and became Thai. The Chakri Dynasty of Thailand also has Mon heritage. The Mon peoples were alot more widespread than what remains now that identify as Mon. The larger Ancient Mon Kingdoms were in what is now Thailand, places like Dvāravatī, Hariphunchai and Lavo, the populations of which mixed with Thais and later accepted Thai identity as their own.