50 Music Symbols Explained in 15 Minutes!
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 พ.ค. 2024
- In this video I walk through 50 common music symbols, what they mean and I give examples of each symbol used in context!
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here are the timestamps for lazy people like me:
0:15 - treble clef
0:39 - bass clef
0:56 - sharps
1:18 - flats
1:33 - natural
1:46 - dynamics
2:10 - crescendo and diminuendo
2:34 - metronome mark
2:57 - note lengths
3:07 - rest lengths
3:22 - key signatures
3:53 - time signatures
4:24 - staccato
4:33 - phrasing marks, ties, and slurs
5:11 - accent
5:20 - marcato
5:32 - double sharp
5:48 - double flat
6:05 - sforzando
6:23 - dotted notes
6:43 - more note divisions
7:06 - double whole note/breve
7:15 - speed markings
7:37 - spread/arpeggiated chords
7:57 - fermata/pause
8:14 - ledger lines
8:27 - octave symbols
8:56 - trill
9:10 - turn
9:40 - triplets
10:03 - acciaccatura
10:19 - appoggiatura
10:39 - duplets
10:57 - other tuplets
11:23 - fortepiano
11:37 - tenuto
11:53 - glissando
12:07 - mordent
12:28 - repeats
12:51 - alto/tenor clef
13:12 - cut/common time
13:39 - pedal markings
13:57 - down/up bows
14:21 - volta brackets/first and second time bars
14:44 - coda
15:17 - accelerando/accel
15:23 - rallentando and ritardando
15:32 - rubato
15:43 - pizzicato
15:55 - arco
Well Ur defo not lazy for doing that
Hey that is a really good video! Now obviously it’s only scratching the bare surface of music theory but it might be really good for beginners.
Now i already noticed that you talked about what note is notated in between the bottom lines of the clefs rather then saying what note they’re marking (G, F, C). Also you talked about crescendo and decrescendo where you didn’t mention the word diminuendo but wrote it down in the timestamps. Now for 11 (key signatures) you COULD have said that you obviously stop playing the F# if the there’s a signature change, but that really isn’t a big deal. A pretty common mistake also is translating staccato with short even though it only means clearly separated but of course it is not wrong to say short since that is what composers tend to mean with staccato, especially in contemporary music. The sweeping line for phrasing marks, ties and slurs can also go below the notes. Accents is what we call the group of symbols telling us what to do with specific notes but what was shown here is actually most commonly a sforzando-accent. Depending on what you play the trill might also go to an interval below and might vary between semitones, whole tones even thirds and doesn’t have to be played super fast… Usually this is instructed in you music and also applies to turns, etc. Important to say would probably also be to say that triplets and duplets only appear in binary/ternary time signatures. Pedal marks can also be noted with a rectangular bow.
Again; I really like this video. It’s fabulous. But i just think if you want to have the most important information in it you should have all of the most important information in it. Still is a great option to learn basic terms and symbols!
Hope you’re doing well!
I've always wondered why I could never learn to read music. Now I know why.
The system is kinda dated if you ask me. we should try to make some changes, but people generally don't like that assertion
45/50!! That symbols for string instruments got me, didn't know that they even exist.
Since I play piano they also got me but somehow I've never heard of turns before
@@crazyrun2024 I encountered the mordant and turn once, and can't remember where-- not a pianist, but I dabble.
Thank you very much! I am self-practicing piano for three months now and I saw most of the symbols presented in this video but it was helpful you explained them.
No problem! It’s good to have these things solidified in your head 😊
I always struggled to tell the difference between Common Time and Cut Time. Now I understand. Thank you. One thing you did not mention was double-dotted notes.
Your thoughts and efforts to bring this video is a reflection of your musical maturity. I have never come across anything closer to your video until this day. Your effort will allow any amateur musician to easily understand the music symbols. This video will also partially help all those grappling to understand music theory as part of their exams. You were mind-blowing!!! You made me subscribe to your channel. Looking forward to many more creative productions that will help music learners (also me) around the globe. Thank you so much, Matthew!
Amazing explanation!
Oh this is much much harder than I imagined.
Not really. You don't use every one of those things in every song. Just do it slowly. It will work out okay.
Extremely helpful! Thanks for sharing.
Very good, high-density info! 🙂
Trills, mordants, turns, and acciaccaturas are played as fast as you possibly can but in perfect control. Think of them as hemi-demi-semi-quavers (1/64th notes.) Most of us do these grace notes not with adjacent fingers but with one finger removed for better control. e.g., 4-2 or 5-3. Try it! You should practice trilling (especially trilling!) with every possible combination of fingers of both hands. But 4-2 with the right hand will get you started. 5-3 is hard but handy to have in your toolbox.
An acciaccatura ("crush") is played as that single very short note just before the main note, so the main note comes in on time and has its full value. (That means you have to steal a tiny bit from the note or rest before.) An appoggiatura comes in on the beat and robs its indicated value from the main note. If the appog. is an eighth note (as they usually are) and the main note is a quarter note, you play it as two eighth notes. If the appog. is a eighth note and the main note is a half note, you play it as if the half note was a dotted quarter note. But the appog. is still subordinate to the melody indicated by the main note.
Note that in Chopin, there are often multiple small auxiliary notes before or after a main note. Usually you interpret two or three notes as an acciaccatura (before the beat, robbed from the previous note) even though they won't have a line through them. Only a single note gets a line. A line through three notes would look messy. If there are many small auxiliary notes, you have some liberty as how to play them. They usually aren't rendered as hemi-demi-semi-quavers but more like rippling water.
This (and the explanations in the video) is the usual convention for grace notes in classical and romantic music. In baroque (Bach) the symbols are usually interpreted differently and it depends on what the various editors wrote in over the decades as baroque composers didn't write any marks in at all. The pianist was expected to follow contemporary performance practice...or he could send Bach a text message (written with a quill pen) and ask him how he wanted his piece to sound.
Great for beginners! Great review for experienced musicians! Very well presented! 😊
Very good! I had 50/50. Appreciate the detailed nuances.
Thank you this is so useful!
Knew everything, but it's very very helpful, I wish I had a video like this when I was starting out. Great job!
This is great resource ❤
You always knock out a belting video Matthew . You explain things clearly and very simply to make everyone understand too many piano youtubers just waffle on and you get lost in what they are trying to explain but not your videos .
I'm so glad this was in my fyp.
That was great, thank you!
Very informative. Thanks
Very nice vid ! To me an easier way to remember - treble clef: the second line (where there is the spiral) it's a G, bass clef, between the two dots it's an f, alto / tenor clef, the middle of it is a C
This is actually incredibly correct as the clefs by true name are G clef F clef and C clef. And when they move around it changed the location of said note
@@m4gn5g62 I learned to read music as a vocalist, and was taught G clef and F clef shortly after the names treble and bass, and alto and C clef at about the same time. I was only told the C clef could move around, and that it's common in earlier music. I was surprised the tutor here didn't mention the F / G / C names, it makes them much clearer.
@@jimrodarmel8512 The G clef can move too. It's rare, though, but for recorder-players, it could make things so much easier. Unfortunately, it's not done...sob!
you just made me travel back to 1st grade
What a wild ride that must have been 😉
Thank you! This was easy to learn and remember. 💕🎼🎹💕
I'm glad to say that I knew most of these. But there were some that I didn't know, especially the ones that are used for instruments other than the piano. Most of these I learned in High School Music Theory, but a few I learned or relearned on my own, as I would practice reading music and play pieces on the piano.
Excellent Maestro 🎉🎉🎉🎉
AAA I NEED THIS. I'm writing a ballade and I NEED to know this
The notes we hear don’t line up with the visuals showing turns and inverted turns at 9:22 don’t line up with what we’re actually hearing. What we hear is actually G-A-G-F-G, not F-G-F-E-F. The same goes for mordents at 12:19.
I don’t have perfect pitch, but it threw me for a loop when I expected the semitone from F to E and heard a whole tone!
You are correct! That’s funny 😂 I was clearly not listening properly while editing!
same man
Nope, he definitely plays an F
🎉 Thank you! I knew most for the piano.
Thank You Very Very Much!
Nice explanation!
🙏🙂💛
This video will help a lot of aspiring pianists like me, great video like always matthew :)
Thank you, I’m glad you think it is useful 😊
Yet another great video! Even though I have been playing for a couple of years now and recognized most of the signs, it was still a fun vid to watch. For real though, I’ve been playing for like 5 years and have never seen a double whole note in my entire life lmao 💀💀💀
In Norway we call treble clef G clef and the bass F clef. Because they are curled/dotted around their respective G and F. That's how we learn to read them.
In Israel we call them Sol kclef and Fa clef, we study the solfag European way...Do Re MI Fa Sol LA Si Do
...😊
I think I knew them all, mostly (I've played both piano and cello), but some were good refreshers of the names (marcato, breve, the differences in grace notes, tenuto, volta, and the coda). Thank you!
I am self-taught at reading notes and playing the keyboard, doing it by ear and by intuition from childhood on, never really knowing if I did things accurate or not, especially when trying to play classical pieces, but I'm not one to want to take actual lessons. I do things "my way" :D
But now I am amazed at how much I turn out to have gotten right just by figuring it out for myself. Nice :)
Another banger content as usual 👏
Thank you! 😊
As a pianist, I did not know: double sharp, sforzando, double whole note, octave signs (on treble/bass clefs), difference between acciaccatura and appoggiatura, alto/tenor clef, down/up bows, rubato. So 41/50. Nice vid man!
He really poorly explained alto and tenor clef. The clef shape shows which line is middle c. On the alto clef, middle c is in the middle of the staff. This means you could move the clef anywhere so that any kind of clef is possible
Great video idea 🙌
Thanks! 😊
tyty this kinda helpful
Cool ! Thank you :D
MANY, MAANNNYYY THANKS @2:07 for using the word QUIET to equate with the "pp", "p" & "mp" dynamics markings!! It's a "pet peave" of mine, but it IS more accurate to say (in music).
It also corrects the concepts that people have when they say things like: "Turn the music 'UP', I can't hear it because the volume is too 'LOW'!" - - When people say things like that, I know they'll also have a hard time with PITCH being "high/low". 🎉Thank You all the same for your video!!🎉
Whoops! Did I speak too soon? @6:04, you referred to double flats as being "two bs ("B")" - - "Flats" are just that -Flats-! When we call them "b"s, that causes confusion when you call a different note by its letter name. I had a student messed up/confused for days when we were talking about notes in the key of "A-Flat" - - they kept saying, "This is in the key of 'a-B-flat' " instead of just calling it "the key of A-Flat" 🤭. Is it a Brit-thing to call flats "B"s? I fly WAAAAAY off of the handle when my students call sharps - - - HASHTAGS!!!! 😡😡😡 - - It would be like a math teacher allowing students to call pulse signs (+) a "cross" (†) NOPE not the same thing... Or is it not? After all, Christ did go to the cross † so that all who accept His gift of salvation could be "ADDED" to the Kingdom of God, right🤭? Praise God for that! Have a blessed day!
Good explanation. Upload more
Great explanation. I think I have retained about a tenth of it.
Really usefull
D.C. - Da Capo 14:51
D.S. - Dal Segno 14:57
Yay! I knew most of them, except for the uniquely string stuff (clarinet player here). Some I didn't know the real name for, ie the grace notes.
😱 This is hard, so many symbols to remember..but never encountered most of it... Thanks for sharing tho 😊
No way you took my favorite Beethoven Sonata as example
the timing on the beat notes I never saw explained that way before, or else you were just taught differently. the 1-beat note is a quarter, because it's 1/4 of a whole note. The 2-beat note is a half note because it is half of a whole note. the one with 1 flag or bar across is an 8th note, 2 flags/2 bars a 16th note. I knew most of what you showed, but appreciated the review of the speed markings and the articulations.
well made
Re: key signatures - they don’t actually tell you what key they’re in. So, say a key signature has F# in it. Yes, it could be G major, but it could also be E natural minor. You wouldn’t know which just from the key signature - you need to look at the notes in the song or piece of music you’re playing and whether that resolves on a G (or G major chord if it uses chords) or E (or E minor chord if it uses chords).
First video of yours and I absolutely love it. Just out of curiosity, where are you from? Thanks in advance.
Nice video. But I have to advocate for two symbols for organ players. In organ pedalboard notation on the bass clef a V or inverted V indicates to use the toe of the foot and the oval or indicates to use the heel. But there were several other symbols I didn't know.
Lets go. I knew 49 out of 50
I was curious about the version of sforzando being written as sf instead of sfz when I was working on arranging certain orchestral pieces for concert band (like Dvorak symphony 7), I didn’t know they were basically the same and it was okay to alternate between them. Musescore doesn’t like to play sf as loud as it should be.
Terrific video! Just the facts - no embroidery!
OK - you asked! I learned piano from age 14 till 16. After that, I played around a little bit, but pretty-well dropped out of music altogether. I still play the harmonica (very badly), and about 10 years ago, I was given the sheet mucic for Bach's Toccata & Fugue in D min, so I bought a cheap electronic keyboard, and learned it. It took an entire year (my sight-reading is really BAD), but I could finally play it fairly well, I thought. I'm nearly 80 now, but I remembered all the symbols that apply to the piano (you don't have to bow a piano), except two that you surprised me with. (1) A 'turn', I had remembered as being up and down a semitone, rather than a tone, and (2) the Tenuto mark, I had remembered as being half a staccato - the note played for half its length, instead of staccato, where the note is sounded and not allowed to sustain at all
While learning initially, I came across triplets of course, but I never encountered quintuplets or septuplets, thank goodness! I learned Liszt Consolation No. 3, which I was proud of because it has mixed timing, but that was about as far as I got.
time stamps wouldve been so sick bro ty
The notes in a turn respect the key signature. In a turn or a lower mordant that is based on the tonic in a minor key, does the leading note below the tonic, which is normally sharped as an accidental, get sharped when you play the grace note? It's not part of the key signature but in the body of a minor piece the leading note will often (but not always) be sharped.
It’s also useful to call the treble clef the G clef. And bass clef is called F clef. The reason is fairly obvious.
I have no idea why I watched this(I got 46/50), but I really enjoyed it!
Thanks to ABRSM AND THE Trinity College of music London ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
Treble clef actually tells you where the G is, not the place of the F. It's also called an G-clef, and the bass(?) clef is also called a F-clef, due to it telling the location of F. Same logic on Alto-clef or C-clef, which locates the C.
Why not write the actual note instead of double sharp or double flat
Reasons of the minor or major.
A composition was wrote in a minor or major with flats or sharps if he wrote a 2 sharp in a ( a flat minor)
[Example] that would not be composed correctly and couldn't fully be correct.
This sounds like a video idea.
There are a couple of reasons, but one of the easiest to understand is that a typical scale needs to contain one of each letter (A B C D E F G) and so if you have a section of the music that is using a G# harmonic minor scale (for example) the notes would be G# A# B C# D# E Fx. The 7th note in this scale is a double sharp because if it were a G we would have two forms of G (G and G#) and no forms of F.
Another reason is that particular chords that are being outlined need to retain particular intervals (note distances)…and when used in certain keys and scales, you end up with double sharps and double flats. For example a D major chord contains the notes D F# and A. A D# major chord would need to retain the same note relationships, so it would be D# Fx A#.
That’s not my best explanation, but hopefully that gives you an idea! Maybe there is a video to be made on it 😊
Im pretty sure it depends on the key signature, because you’re not really going to use flats in a signature that has sharps, unless your transitioning from a sharp to flat key signature, same for the opposite. At least I’m pretty sure.
Wow
IN Musescore, there are time signature markings that look like the cut time marking, but instead of a c, they have a 2 or a 3 with a vertical line through. Any idea what those mean? I have done internet searches on this, and generally the consensus is “who knows?” Do you? I’m just curious. This has been a very nice video, by the way. I appreciate it.
I knew most except the little star thing after the pedal and arco
43. DOWN/UP BOWS
When playing on a pipe organ especially pedalling, down bow symbols indicate that the note is played by a heel, and up bow symbols indicate that the note is played by a toe
Tell me more, what’s the difference? Does it have something to do with how much force you’re pressing on the key?
As a viola player, I got 35/50. Honestly didn't know I knew that many since I've played for only 4 years.
49 I knew. The first string one with the bowing marks is the one I didn’t know
As a beginner who still struggles to figure out what key to press for what note, this has totally put me off music altogether.
It’s one step at a time. Learning music is all about enjoying the process of learning, if one video is able to put you off then maybe you aren’t enjoying it?
Knew all of these, except the whole note with the lines. Don't see that often at all. I've always been confused by DC al coda though 😅
As a complete piano beginner, I was very surprised to get around 75% - I think I've been dabbling for too long LOL
In the US we usually say "measures" rather than "bars," although "bars" is used more slangily as in: "I might know that one...Can you hum a few bars?"
What is the symbol in 7:10 next to the 3 2 symbol
I play keyboards; I knew Pizz was to pluck for strings, but I didn't know Arco was to bow the strings.. so I scored 98%.
When I write a phrasing mark ("looks" like a large tie), I start and end it with a small vertical line at the tips. So in my notation, if you see a large tie over many notes that span multiple bars, and there is no vertical lines at the tips, it IS NOT phrasing, but an actual slur. Also, I never abbreviate. Example: Rit. is always written as Ritardando. In the 21st century, we don't use quills and ink, we use pencils, pens, and markers... so there is no need to "re-dip" when writing - like they did over 200 years ago.
Good start for a garage band player
Please play la tarrentelle or la campanella
Alla breve also makes music 2 times faster!
What about Mike row tones
43/50 ive played viola and cello so I know bass and treble clef
Did you know there is another version of fur Elise written by Beethoven in 1822?
And I knew everything 😊
He obviously though he could have done it better, it goes to show that even the best feel they can improve! 😊
f (forte) means strong, not loud.
Once you understand this, your playing will become more musical.
Hello Matthew, I have gotten a repertoire for a new year i am starting 6th grade piano. And I have gotten these pieces Polonaise in g minor by F.Chopin , Etude F.Liszt op.1 no 4. In d minor Bach two part invention no.8 and Sonata op.49 no.1 by Beethoven , could you maybe review what grade these pieces are? Thank you in advance.
Which exam board are you doing your piano with? The grade system is different for each exam board (and depending on your country) 😊 E.g the main exam board in Australia has up to grade 10 (I think), whereas in the UK, ABRSM, Trinity, RockSchool etc.. all use 8 grades 😊
The Chopin is about right for grade 6 based on the 8 graded system. I would say the Liszt is a slight bit tougher. The Bach is also about correct for grade 6 and the Beethoven I would say is a little bit easier but has a lot of musical ideas that you can really dig into and think about 😊
@@matticawood Ok. The exam board we have is ABRSM.
@@matticawood Thank you for your answer.
40/50
49/50
7:54
my brain quit at no. 17, will come back for more learning later
Excellent! However, you missed one -- harmonic -- a number over a 0 for bowed instruments.
I missed many, if I did 100 symbols that would be a good one to add 😊
So what are two notes played together called when there is a barely perceptible delay between the striking of those two notes? I've heard the technique used by some players, and it makes the two-note interval sound fuller and more complex, almost like the two notes were played simultaneously by two different instruments.
That would be arpeggiation. The Gurlitt Etude in G Major Op. 107 no. 7 in the RCM Etudes Level 9 syllabus has examples of two-note chords played that way.
Very good video, but I had to take an aspirin after the end. 😂
Me too 😉
You should play these symbols on the piano!!!!!
I'm pretty sure your description of the turn was inaccurate, it's not a whole step up, it's a half step, sorry if I'm wrong
It’s to the next notes in the scale, so it depends on which scale you are using 😊
You will often see little sharps, flats or neutral signs above or under the turn symbol, indicating that the note over or under should be modified from the scale tone.
What is the symbol in 7:10 next to the 3 2 symbol?
The 0 with a line through? - that is almost never seen in music and is very specific to this type of music. Sometimes a 0 is used to indicate that it is “free time” and there is no specific amount of beats to a bar. With a line through I guess it’s “cut free time”. So the stresses should be felt twice per bar. 😊
Could you also use British music names - for example half step.what is it is British music terms
Half step = semitone
whole step = tone
Quarter notes = crotchet
Half note = minim
Whole note = semibreve
Eighth note = quaver
Sixteenth note = semiquaver
Double whole note = breve
The rest should be the same in both 😊
React to heartaches by al bowlly
By trying to oversimplify things, they can become slightly off. E.g.: If the key-signature is one sharp, the key can be G Major. Or it could be e minor. Or some Gregorian mode... One quarter note is not one beat. One beat is what you define one beat is, and then you calculate accordingly...
Key signatures - yes you are correct…however, for someone that doesn’t know what a key signature is, it’s useful to know that it does give information about the possible scales.
However, the quarter notes are defined differently in Europe and all notes are related to them as they are called crotchets and don’t have an automatic comparison built into the name…so it’s taught that crotchets are 1 best regardless of the time signature until very much further into learning (if at all) 😊
@@matticawood Thank you for your reply. I live in Germany. Here the note-values (nowadays) are named "whole", "half", "quarter", "eighth", "sixteenth", "thirtysecond", and so on. So, everybody who hasn't slept in math-class during fractions should be able to figure things out. Whichever note-value one defines as "one beat" in a piece is up to the skill of the player, all the other lengths can be calculated. I play a lot of renaissance music where, most of the time, we count the "half" as one beat. But sometimes, we count the whole bar as one beat (provided the music is in bar-notation). You are right, I was taught in this way, too, that one quarter is one beat, and teachers thought it was the best way to start. But I found it to become confusing with more difficult rhythms. So, I teach my grandchildren differently and they seem to be happy with it.
Hello! I have a question, I'm currently practicing a piece and the time signature is 6/8 and the BPM is 50-54 but when I heard it getting played by someone they played it faster than 50-54 BPM? Why is this?
But aside from my question, this really helped me a lot!❤
In 6/8, the cadence is ONE-'nd-ah, two-'nd-ah in each measure. That means two beats in each measure. Usually the tempo in 6/8 will show the number of *dotted* quarter notes (one-'nd-ah's) to be played per minute, not the number of quarter notes as you would see in 3/4 and 4/4. In 3/4 time, the cadence is ONE-two-three in each measure (like a waltz.) The tempo mark will be the number of quarter notes to be played per minute. So for a given tempo indicated, a piece in 6/8 will sound 50% faster than one in 3/4 because you have to play the indicated number of dotted quarters each minute. Looked at another way, 6/8 is really two beats to the bar. 3/4 is three beats to the bar. So if the tempo is 54, you have to play 27 measures in a minute in 6/8 but only 18 measures in a minute in 3/4.
Wow. I was exposed to this first on Piano and Accordion so I associate them with the keys on the keyboard. And all these years I thought that the white keys have names and the black keys are called out according to their relationship to those white keys. (Sharp or flat.) What with E# and B# being, after all, the same as F and C respectively. To my knowledge, it's still conventional to call your typical E# what it is equivalent to: F, in any key not including it in the key signature, but only resorting to E# when it becomes difficult to write a passage that would have too many incidentals correcting the poor note on the page from flat to natural, to sharp in the same measure. But I could be totally wrong.
I'm sorry to say you are wrong. If what you're saying is that a E# is called a F. It is neither written to or referred to as anything other than an E#. Just like a F## would not be called a G. There's a good explanation of this given higher in the comments.😊
im confused what the point of double sharps and double flats are. why not just write e instead of double sharp d?
0:27 explaining G-clef with... F note and its position
0:47 explaining F-clef with... A note and its position
𝄞 is literally over-decorated letter G, and the center of inner curl defines the line of note G
𝄢 is literally over-decorated letter F, and the line between two dots defines the line of note F
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clef
That is indeed correct…I used the lowest space so a comparison could be made between treble, bass (and then later on) alto and tenor clefs. 😊
48/50. Those f*cking sforzando and turns
0:00:29: the treble clef is G, not F. It is used to define the G note by the location of inner circle.
0:00:40: the bass clef is F, not A. It is used to define the bass F note by the location of those two tiny dots.
It is indeed the G and F clefs. However, I was using the lowest space on the stave to show a comparison between treble and bass (and later alto and tenor) clefs. 😊
Showing where a G is for treble and then an F is for bass clef wouldn’t show as clearly that the stave is different notes for the same location for each clef.
Same goes for tenor clef and C.
It seems you weren’t paying attention to the video. He was referring to the bottom note.
@@GemTappX the clef's names are G and F in other languages, and it is an alternate name in english.