The Psychology of Dehumanization
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 12 ก.ค. 2024
- People have an amazing capacity to see their fellow human beings as...not human. Psychologists have studied this both in its blatant and more subtle forms. What does it mean to dehumanize? How can researchers capture everyday dehumanization? Is it just prejudice? What does it say about how we think about non-human animals?
+++ References +++
For information on "human zoos," see these useful resources:
Overview: popularresistance.org/deep-ra...
www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/fea...
www.bbc.com/news/magazine-162...
1907 Paris Colonial Exhibition: www.messynessychic.com/2012/0...
www.france-travel-info.com/ha...
Ota Benga: www.npr.org/templates/story/s...
www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/ny...
The psychology:
Boysen, G. A., Isaacs, R. A., Tretter, L., & Markowski, S. (2020). Evidence for blatant dehumanization of mental illness and its relation to stigma. The Journal of Social Psychology, 160(3). doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019...
Bruneau, E., Kteily, N., & Laustsen, L. (2018). The unique effects of blatant dehumanization on attitudes and behavior towards Muslim refugees during the European ‘refugee crisis’ across four countries. European Journal of Social Psychology, 48(5), 645-662. doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2357
Bruneau, E., Jacoby, N., Kteily, N., & Saxe, R. (2018). Denying humanity: The distinct neural correlates of blatant dehumanization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(7). doi.org/10.1037/xge0000417
Costello, K., & Hodson, G. (2010). Exploring the roots of dehumanization: The role of animal-human similarity in promoting immigrant humanization. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 13(1). doi.org/10.1177/1368430209347725
Goff, P. A., Eberhardt, J. L., Williams, M. J., & Jackson, M. C. (2008). Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(2). doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94....
Harris, L. T., & Fiske, S. T. (2006). Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups. Psychological Science, 17(10). doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2...
Kteily, N., Bruneau, E., Waytz, A., & Cotterill, S. (2015). The ascent of man: Theoretical and empirical evidence for blatant dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5). doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000048
Leyens, J-P. et al. (2000). The emotional side of prejudice: The attribution of secondary emotions to ingroups and outgroups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(2). doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR...
Leyens, J-P. et al. (2001). Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(4). doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.50
Leyens, J-P. et al. (2007). Infra-humanization: The wall of group differences. Social Issues and Policy Review, 1(1). doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2409.2...
Opotow, S. (1990). Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1). doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1...
Robinson, E., & Kersbergen, I. (2016). Overweight or about right? A norm comparison explanation of perceived weight status. Obesity Science & Practice, 3(1). doi.org/10.1002/osp4.89
For more on "The March of Progress": sites.wustl.edu/prosper/on-th...
+++ Media Credits +++
-Photos from the 1907 Colonial Exhibition in Paris are from the July 15, 1907 issue of “La Dépêche coloniale illustrée,” sourced from gallica.bnf.fr / BnF (public domain); gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt...
-Poster of Jardin Zoologique D’Acclimation Somalis sourced from gallica.bnf.fr / BnF (public domain); gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv...
-Photos of the ruins of the Jardin d’Agronomie Tropicale: Groume via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0; www.flickr.com/photos/groume/)
-Ota Benga at Bronx Zoo (Library of Congress, 1915; public domain): commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
-Various images from www.freepik.com (designed by Freepik, GarryKillian, and macrovector)
-World Map (U.S. Central Intelligence Agency; public domain): legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/wor...
-Images from “Early Man” (Time-Life Books, 1968) are presented for educational context and thus fall under fair use.
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Opinion Science is a psychology podcast exploring the science of our opinions, where they come from and how they change.
Website: opinionsciencepodcast.com/
Humanizing or not EVERYBODY needs to realize they have within them, the potential to commit atrocities.
Sadly people think thet russian soldiers are all psychopaths and like to eat babies and rape women. But at the end we all have the capacity to do that right?
Carl Jung's conception of the Personal and Collective Shadow. Agreed.
We often forget that in cases where a human does commit an atrocity, our instinct is to immediately become angry, and develop this sense of want for justice, which becomes an unrelenting desire for vengeance that causes us to dehumanize the people who have committed an atrocity.
Sometimes we get so caught up in the heat of the moment, we fail to realize that we're no better than them.
I support what you’re doing. This is the first video I’ve seen from you, and you have so many relevant videos and such. Can’t wait to listen to your podcasts
Thank you, Andy, for sharing. All of your videos are very rich in content and easy to understand.
So glad you cited some awesome articles! I am definitely pursuing this idea for my course paper.
I've been looking for this kind of a video to confirm my thoughts in this matter for a long long time. thank you so much sir- really appreciate it. it may not seem like it, but this helps me so much with my recent thoughts on morality, and I really really thank you.
Thank you for this video! Using this and sources for a paper I am writing currently. I found this fascinating even for the daily study of people, how mean they are, and why. Again, thank you.
Excellent content as always. Keep up the great work.👍
Great job! Educational videos, such as this-- are a valuable resource, and contribution to research. It is also considering empowering. Thank you!
Wow! I found this episode so fascinating. I found the study in which groups rated the evolution of other's extremely interesting. Thank you for sharing! If you have the time, I think you would enjoy our recent interview with Dr. Philip Zimbardo on the psychology behind heroism and evil. ✨
Such an important topic to cover. Thank you for your insight, Andy 😊
You need more views!! Thanks for the video 🍻💝
This is such an important topic to discuss! I am interested in history and I've started studying atrocities of the past lately. If anyone is curious just how far down to the depths of hell we humans can fall, by dehumanizing others, I encourage you to read about the r*pe of nanking. It will make your guts churn, but also solidify the necessity of understanding this issue.
The belief in human superiority over animals and the connection to the possibility of social superiority is on a spectrum; for those who do atrocities, they are known to cite insects. The weaponized response of language vis a vis the insect metamorphoses opens the door to acts such as gassing and incinerating as acceptable solutions.
Thanks for sharing this. I like your lectures.
Great insights! Thanks
so glad i found ur channel!!
This a great video, thank you. Very relevant to what’s going on currently.
My dog gets embarrassed if i draw attention to her after she burps.
I’m also interested in rehumanization. How could we reverse the process without triggering a burden guilt on the group that practice dehumanization?
its true that in the world,they are those who are professionals and we should also know they are expert, who implement and put things in reality and its practicality...be blessed..
Your videos are amazing!
Thanks!
came here listening to meshuggah left being a philosopher
Never understood the whole "animals are lesser than humans" thing. I've always seen them as equal.
Well, if you have a trolley problem, between a kitten, and a baby, which would you save? I think the reason people make that distinction also has to do with most religions claiming that humans are "crafted in god's image", or "the highest form of life". We are biased to see ourselves as more important in this bleak universe, to create a sense of comfort.
Awesome video
Respect for ur thinking bro...... Uhh r really covering such importing things with this topic everyone should feel those thoughts and work on ourself to be real humans
Those surveys could be misinterpreted due to semantic error. Many americans have poor grammar, and its common to mix up "evolved" with "civilized".
This is a very intersting point.
If you think animals don't have secondary "very human" emotions, like you say, you´ve never seen an embarrased dog. This need to clearly separate human from animal behaviours preplexes me...
It's for convenience, as with the dehumanization of other humans. It's not good to generalize, but why think more when you can be lazy and just assume?
It’s not the same type of embarrassment. Their embarrassment is more vulnerability and fear related. Human embarrassment is more tied to social pressures. What’s similar is the fight or flight we have to get away from the environment trying to cause us harm.
@@yggdrasil4187 it’s not assumptions if he literally explained the behavior of the science behind human socialization. Did u not watch the video? It’s also lazy to think there are not anomalies in any researched study.
Guilty dog compilations on TH-cam would beg to differ
brilliant
I believe we are seeing this again now.
vax vs unvaxed, us vs them, have a nice day friend 🤍😊
I'm Polish, so dehumanization is not a new process to me. Obviously it was the main reason why Holocaust took place, as Germans intentionally compared Jews in the media to pests, etc. Actually they were called "life not worth living" in Nazi policies, while Poles were "only" Untermenshen. I think lot of their propaganda spanned from older dehumanization of both ethnical groups in broader European culture and nowadays as Jews successfully addressed the problem and convinced western world they are in fact very human, nothing like that happened for Poles. I was absolutely stunned by the amount of prejudice, hate and perceived dehumanization of Polish people in the UK while living there, but I'm also pretty sure it's the same for the rest of Europe. Tbh I'm a bit anxious for this reason, because our country is habitually discriminated internationally and in case of a military conflict this would be a great excuse to betray and abandon us again. On the other hand the power of German and Russian malignant propaganda is so overwhelming, that nowadays many Poles perceive many other groups in Poland as inhumane. Dehumanization was the core concept of mass brainwashing for the past centuries in Poland, as both Germans and Russians were very keen on it. It is still openly used by Russian propaganda though.
Interesting
What does come before? Dehumanisation or cognitive dissonance? I mean, is dehumanisation a product of cognitive dissonance, or a completely separate phenomenon?
Interesting question. Personally I think they are certainly connected but there might be other factors that eventually make the dehumanization so blatant. Something like a collective cognitive dissonance which could be seen in a societys treatment of immigrants or animals for example might be a part of it. Cognitive dissonance is also a much broader concept.
Dehumanization leads to cognitive dissonance, as if some people are less human than others, why is that? When you can apply those same reasons to yourself or others in your "superior group", it leads to a contradiction. Alternatively, Cognitive dissonance can lead to dehumanization, as if you try to justify an unjustifiable act from your group onto another group, you might cling to dehumanization as a way to resolve that cognitive dissonance.
this is so true.. i never realised that we are living in a dystopian world
That wasn’t the point of the video 🤔
It makes sense to why I wasn't allowed to have a phone when I was younger
Own group. Have we yet to record a majority of loyal members?
MUSK U CRAZ... THANK YOU
in fact "human" as a qualifier is TOTALLY inappropriate in the use that almost the entire "human" species makes of it: the origin of human is humus, peat, earth, soil .
it is a matter, an element.
“dust to dust, ashes to ashes”.
“Ecce homo” .
If the text in this video were to be corrected, what would you use instead of "human"?
im spechless, never thought humans where too stupid to do that to each other.
If human zoos are "not around anymore" then how do you explain New Orland's? Or NYC? Miami, Chicago, Seattle, San Fransisco? Think I'm just being racist? You're only half right, but i'm trying to point out that while growing up in the 90s, I literally repeatedly heard these metropolis areas referred to on TV as "human zoos." While they supposedly had different connotations, still seems like it was likely rooted in some lingering dehumanization in the zeitgeist of the time. Anyone else remember that terminology used not so long ago, when referring to urban citys with high populations? idk
I'm experiencing this rn
How so?
@@own4801 don't ask honestly don't ask
@@uinisefaustinafoochong7743 All right, then. Keep your secrets.
@@own4801 do you have a dog?
@@uinisefaustinafoochong7743 Yeah
I just don’t like them until I do. But the art of war holds
Lol. I’d have afield day on this level
Gulag Archipelago
I killed ya on that city state shit
what about dehumanizing yourself though?
Why do you consider Muslims an ethnicity but not Jews, Christians, Sikhs or Buddhists?
He just said groups not ethnicity
You know it auctully might make us like animals ants for example are slave makers
Hmm sounds like the dehumanization of unborn humans lol
The origins of Anthropology are covered in the first two minutes of this video.
Good horses don’t eat regrown grass
Straight white men
Could you elaborate?
Through youtube harassment
Dehumanizing people seems premeditated
Whats th is wrong with Americans?????
Why do they do this
Is it human then to dehumanise outside groups. ? Are some animals morally superior in this sense. The phrase more evolved is troublesome for me for one, it suggests that evolution is always improving and humans are the pinicle and somehow supierior in everyway which is obviously false. 🤔 .We need to accept that humans can be horrible to our fellow man for lots of reasons and dehumanising helps get over that dilemma of do unto others.
I feel that a lot of our current politics rely on this dehumanization of people, creating in-groups and out-groups, which all have their own motivations. When we see everyone as a human who is deserving of human needs, and the fact that we have enough resources to achieve that goal, the political divide would move far further left than it has today.
@@hyphen8d725 political religious moral whatever the adjective before the noun may be, division has always been present in humans and human history. Wars, massacres, genocides, fighting, sure it has taken on a modern form, and I won't deny the fact that it would benefit others for a country to be so divided and have infighting, however I don't think this problem is unique. Are we doomed to this awful cycle..?
@@hyphen8d725 it's hard to take on a positive or optimistic view when all the progress we seem to make is offset by the same thing over and over again.
@@en2p187 You see, the reason that has become so prominent is capitalism. The primary group that benefit from that in-group, out-group divide is the wealthy. They dont want the workers to unite and unionize, so by dividing the workers, they can reap more profits.
@@hyphen8d725 of course, but I bet not every lower to moderately wealthy individual or family is conspiracy to divide the lower class, just the super wealthy who know this is how society has to be/ should remain for them to keep their power and status. If they rise up and realize their collective power and strength, it would mean trouble for them.
Calling people 'deploarables' based on their political beliefs is a form of dehumanisation. As is condemning an entire racial group as 'privileged' for alleged crimes of their ancestors. It's not just blacks, Jews and Arabs who are 'dehumanised', but you'd never know it, watching these videos.
Calling someone privileged is not dehumanization. You’re placing that out of context. Privileged people are the MOST humanized because they live a lifestyle desired as the standard of human society. The more desirable you are the more privileged you are. Because these people are not seen as “less than.”
@@dejstoney Fair point. It's definitely harmful and divisive.
"Alleged"
@@dejstoney Is it not? Ok let's go back in history, according to your logic jews weren't dehumanized before start of WW2. By putting one group of people over other creates in one hostility and other separation from them. As long as you can't point in law where is the inequality and you only cry about someone else being privileged you are what nazi were before the start of WW2. Jews were being said that they control world and the reason of all wrong, including history - also crucifiction of christ is on their hands. It's no different to today dehumanization of white men - based on past, I believe this is what you are trying to advocate for. It's ridicolous how we repeat the history because we never learn and people like you how always feel justified in their madness.
The number one group that we have dehumanized are children in the womb. Children, babies! You dehumanize the most precious of creation then you can dehumanize anyone from anywhere.
Its way more relevant because of the dehumanization of russian soldiers
Yep! Very sad that Western children are being shown footage of dead Russian soldiers and laugh. And MSM wonders why mass shootings are getting out of hand. The world is being run by psychopaths that do NOT want peace.
What about arab-americans? 2nd gen, people with legal status etc..? Your missing some vital information and putting out rediculous assumptions without any scientific demonstration other than your opinion
dehumanize the male of our species
I came to delete my comment.. but clearly, someone is already are looking after how the Jews precieved on TH-cam. :^)0-
So, theu took care of my comment already. :-)0-
When talking about dehumanization don’t forget 🇵🇸🇵🇸🇵🇸🇵🇸🇵🇸
Is it really "wrong" if EVERYBODY does it?😄
Yes
@@heartlesswoman1904 Can’t believe some are actually justifying this but not really surprised seeing how most cruelness exist on social media these days by faceless ppl who arn’t easy targets.
Read the ones who walk away from the Omelas
If everyone says 2+2=5, does that make it right?
Narcissist, are not entirely human.
Wth
Come To America LEGALLY!!! This DEHUMANIZATION Narrative is BS !!!!!
Well actually, it is not.