1848: Europe's Year of Revolutions - Historian Reaction
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 ก.พ. 2023
- See the original video here - • Europe Ablaze: The 184...
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#reaction #history
You are genuinely the only reactor that I can sit and watch the entirety of a 1 hour long video.
😢driving
The
Same here.
Hes the cool history teacher we never had
But actually, an hour used to be long, nah
Fun thing about Marshal Radetzky: not only was he 81 when he led the war against Italy, that was actually his return to glory. He had been forced to retire due to his forward-thinking ideas about modernizing and professionalizing the Austrian army. If Austria had listened to him, maybe they could've stood up to Prussia 40 years later.
He is widely considered one of Austria's greatest marshals ever, and one of the greatest of the era, alongside Napoleon, Wellington, Davout, and the others.
Fun fact. Of those 85,000 extra constables that the British government hired were a certain Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, who would later go on to find gainful employment in France, and one Sir Robert Peel.
History matters reference
Crazy how much impact the napoleonic wars had on the world, it really made the most powerful emperors of europe scared and for the first time really trying to cooperate with other powers to have stability
Absolutely. It is often assumed that the reactionaries won against Napoleon and were able to turn back the clock in the Congress of Vienna in 1815. But in reality, they could not simply turn back the clock - the genie was out of the bottle. They were only able to gain temporary tranquility; before the storm, one should add.
Most people at 81: *Retired and inactive
Radetzky at 81: Screw this, I'm going to beat an Italian state into a truce!!
Not only a truce, but literally forces the abdication of Charles Albert of Sardinia in favour of his son, who would twelve years later have the last laugh with the Austrians.
FM Radetzky after Charles Albert's first attempt at defeating the Austrian Empire:
Radetzky: "Didn't learn your learn hey, so we're try again. 😂😂
Hey Chris, as far as I understand, you're an expert on the American Civil War. Ever since this video came out, I wondered if you would react to it and, if you did, if you would recognize that student named Carl Schurz (17:30). As far as I know, it actually IS this man, who emigrated to the US after the failed revolution (as did so many other "48er" like Sigel or Schimmelpfennig) and led Union troops into battle during the Civil War. Greetings from Germany!
Nope. He’s Sam Nixon, expert on Indian history.
Interesting
Mike Duncan's Revolutions podcast has a great season about 1848! The first episode opens with the full speech from Tocqueville mentioning 'the volcano' Europe was sleeping on.
I'm a big fan of Radetezky. The 1848 campaign was great but the 1849 campaign when Carlo Alberto decided to try again was masterful. It lasted 100 hours and Radetezky crushed the Piedmont army and their allies like a hammer against a marble. He was the best military leader Austria had since Arch Duke Charles (who beat Napoleon at Aspern-Essling). At 81 he traveled with the army on horseback encouraged the troops and spoke with them in the informal. He remained on active service until nealy 90 years of age. At a time when the average life expectancy was 60 or so. What men the world used to produce.
I wouldn't underestimate Swarzenberg.
This is a section of history that I don’t know a lot about so this should be fun.
FM count Radetzky had been the chief of staff of FM prince Schwarzenberg in the wars of liberation 1813/14 and had been one of the masters of the plans for the battle of Leipzig.
The reason Jelacic was so loyal to the emperor was because he (the emperor) promised that Croatia will get more autonomy if he fights on his side. When everything was done, the emperor "forgot" that promise.
That's reminiscent of General Washington's broken promise of freedom to his black soldiers after the revolution. When his colleague Baron von Steuben reminded him, he asked "But who will do all the work?" It turned out that only the black soldiers who fought for King George would be rewarded with freedom and land.
The most tragic aspect of the failure of the 1848 revolutions in Germany in Italy was that although the unification process was now inevitable, it wouldn't be finished by popular forces, but in the form of top-down, authoritarian conquest. The Kingdom of Italy was little more than an enlarged Piemont-Sardinia, creating the north-south divide that lasts until the day, and the German Empire was in all practical terms a prussian hegemony. In both countries, the nationalists would turn away from their liberal ideas and unite with the political right. I think it is no conicidence that it was Italy and Germany who fell to right-wing dictatorships in the 20th century, despite having been on opposite sides during WW1. And who knows if WW1 would've ever happened if there had been a democratic, liberal Germany instead of a militaristic, expansionist one. 1848 was one of the biggest missed chances in european history.
Hey Chris. Just double-checked at 17:35 that is the same Karl Schurz who fought in the US Civil War. He was a German university student who took part in an uprising against the Prussian Army and later immigrated to the US after the 1848 revolutions were put down.
Just to clarify, Milan was not the only city that had its "5 days", several cities in Italy had similar uprisings, and yes, several cities were able to resist only a week before the Austrians reacted by force.
Not very related, but Napoleon III's father, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte was also called Louis Napoleon. Napoleon made him King of Holland in 1806 (though he ruled all of the Netherlands, not just Holland).
Napoleon overthrew his brother in 1810 and incorporated the Netherlands into his empire, because Napoleon only wanted to control the Netherlands to be better protected from the British, while Louis tried to be a genuinely good king to the Dutch people and even learned some Dutch.
When he visited the Netherlands under a false name in 1840, some people found out he was in the country and gathered outside his hotel room to cheer for him.
Europe: the throbbing heart whose pulse triggered by excitement and shocks, ripples outwardly to the entire Earth.
There is a popular German saying of unknown origin, but which might already have been around at this time, that says "If you don't make it in time, you'll only get the leftovers." (Like all German sayings it rhymes, but that's hard to translate.)
If you take too long sitting on the fence and not taking action, you end up with a new established situation on which you had no say. If you don't give the people reforms and calm them down, they will dictate you their reforms which you will be in no position to deny.
It is important to put the number of people killed in the reactions by the royalist forces into context. In 1842, the population of Vienna was 231,050. So, if that many students were killed, that's about 1% of the total population. Think 78,000 in New York City today to get a perspective of the impact.
Italy (well actually just Piedmond-Sardinia, the most modern country of the peninsula) will try again in the 1860s, but this time after having secured support from France (thanks to some help during the Crimea War, and future territorial concessions). That was the lesson of 1848: seek support before waging war against Austria. So it was far from useless, a lot of long-lasting changes happened in 1848. Not as many as people would have hoped, but still.
When Paris was renovated by Haussman starting in the 1850s he built the grand avenues extra wide in part because of the numerous barricade episodes the previous 70 years or so and Napoleon III didn't want to deal with more uprisings (or at least to make uprisings harder than blocking off narrow streets).
Ban Josip Jelačić is still national hero,he is one of the best Croatian leaders in histroy of Croatia
Thank you for tackling this topic. It’s a fundamental part of European history often glossed over or covered briefly, glad for Epic History TV’s video and your commentary.
Would you ever consider reacting to foreign-language history videos with English subtitles tackling your topics of interest? Because I may have some recommendations.
u again?
@@abdihassan7208 Hello to you too, don't think I've had the pleasure.
What videos? Just curious, I enjoy watching non-english history videos
@@lancelottheocelot Being French, I was thinking about channels like Nota Bene (biggest history channel there) or La Folle Histoire, which have subtitles that can be translated into English.
@@samrevlej9331 great, thanks for the recommendation
This is a pretty cool time for history as my I think fifth great grandpa, or something he immigrated from Mecklenburg to America around the time 1842 so I thought this was pretty cool to share with everybody. He also served in the US during the American Civil War. I could not find what side he was on but he did live through the war
The vast majority of German's settled in the North and many of thous started farming in the Wisconsin Territory, which gained statehood in 1848. So your 5th generation grandfather most likely volunteered in the Union army.
With everything going on in East Palestine, Ohio I hope your doing ok and keeping safe.
Random fact, the Constitution conceded by King Carlo Alberto of Piedmont-Sardinia was one of the very few if not the only one to not be revoked during this period. It became the Consitution of Italy as an united state and remained into force up until 1948
This era of emerging political identity and nationalism in Europe is wild
I have a book to recommend regarding this era: “Assassins Against the old order: Italian anarchist violence in Fin De Siecle Europe”
Nice video!
There were some unrest here in Sweden in 1848 too, however it was never even close in scale to the ones in this video and the small revolts which occurred were isolated to Stockholm and Oslo.
Another fun fact: Like Franz Josef, one of the main generals of the Hungarian Revolution, Artúr Görgei would live until 1916, and died at age 98. He lived through a lot!
Hi, Chris, I watched the original of that recently and thought it would be good to get your reaction and it was. Thinking about Russia helping Austria quell the rebellion and then fighting against each other in WW1, there was an intermediate step, in the Crimean War when Britain, France, Sardinia and the Ottomans fought against Russia, the Russian Emperor asked for Austrian help but the offer was rejected which didn't improve relations. In UK we missed the 1848 Revolutions but 5 of the 6 chartist demands were obtained without revolution. We don't have Annual Parliaments, I'm not sure we could cope with a general election every year.
Francois Guizot said “Get Rich or Die Trying”😂
Best history reaction channel out there. I've been really enjoying watching your content because you provide real added value to these vids with a good personality, passion for the subject, and an informed perspective.
In current Italian parlance, when a “48” happens, or someone causes a _quarantotto,_ it usually describes a scene of chaos and disaster.
This expression is a direct result of the turmoil that happened in 1848 all over Europe, and beyond.
One of the best reaction channels! Gives real facts i had to subscribe
I wonder what the reaction of metternich was to a Napoleon coming back to the throne. I know he was in exile in England but I can't imagine he was silent on it
This was also called Napoleon's Children Revolutions.
thanks for the upload :)
A long time ago there was a turn based strategy game in which you fought the Hungarian War of Independence from around the fall of 1848 until the summer of 1849. It's pretty cool to see the actual history behind the war. I was too young to understand the politics and events leading to the war in the first place.
Started watching this episode. Never truly finished it. Looking forward to extra info Chris
I love this video from Epic History, so it will be a great reaction from you
When VTH and Epic History get together……Epically Vlogging Through History
The Irish did have a say in parliament. Due to the act of union 1801. However, I believe that for the longest time, you couldn't be Catholic and be an MP. This meant the majority of Ireland's MPS were either the rich British landholders living in England or the descendants of Scots and Englishmen from The Plantation classes in Northern Ireland.
my two favorite channels, what's not to love? Thanks for your work 🎉
Thank you for the content. I highly recommend Epic History's Belisarius series, its fantastic.
In turin, u can see the first contitution of piedmont sardinia on a museum! Fantastic place to visit as it also tells the road to italian unification
Yes it was the same Carl Schurz. He had also been Ambassador to Spain for Lincoln in 1861 before becoming General in 1862 and after the war would be Secretary of the Interior unter Rutherford B Hayes...
Love this! the Year of 1848 is one of the most important years in recent European history. I am glad you are tackling this topic.
side note, the German student quote could very well be General Schurz, he was a student at Bonn in 1848 and later joined the revolutionary army of the German rump parliament. After their defeat, he managed to escape the Prussian army and eventually fled to London, like so many :D. From there he immigrated to the US.
ugh i love this channel so much ur amazing
I do recommend you to learn more about Giuseppe Garibaldi "hero of two worlds" as we call him in Brazil. He fought with his wife not only in Italy but fought for the revolution in the south of Brazil for independence from the Empire! He was a very interesting figure!
Can you react to Belasarius series by epic history tv???
Really cool to see a video on this, I have 48ers from both Germany and Austria in my family tree
Such an interesting yet under taught moment in US history classes, I remember only a brief paragraph was given as information of these events.
This is unrelated but, I recommend watching “ The Spanish-American War” by the Great War TH-cam channel.
It’s a great video that thought me more about that Time period in American history than my public schools ever did.
Once again another great review thank you!
One thing I might add on your jacket is instead of conquer you put, "I came, I saw, I reviewed" lol or something along that.
Can't wait for whatever else you got on store for us have a great day!
The day of the death of Robert Blum many consider, at least in Germany, the revolution to be over. Also this day 9th of November is considered to be the "schicksalstag der Deutschen" (destiny day of the Germans) because so many important events took playe on that day
The Revolutions podcast has a great series of episodes on this topic if anyone wants a more in-depth look at it.
Excellent, enjoyed this very much thank you, from Sussex, UK
Fun Fact 1848: While all major European powers have to deal with internal problems, the Swiss Federal Constitution is put in place (inspired by the United States‘ Constitution). Greetings from 🇨🇭
Switzerland too had big troubles just a Year before with a civil war between catholic cantons who wanted to remain independant regarding education and religion and others cantons who wanted a secular federation
I would suggest a video by old britannia called "Schwarzenberg's Triumph: The Restoration of Austrian Power". It lays out the workings of the prime minister of the austrian empire who came to power during this time and his work to hold austria together. It also talks about how his work holding onto all of austrias goals simultaneously, arguably is also responsible for their losing on all those same fronts within the next 20 years.
I had this one friend that thought I was a fool for saying people vote based on the pocket book. Said I was terrible for saying that. I told him if you can't eat you are going to do what you can to eat!
As it was once famously said during a U.S. Presidential election, “It’s the economy, stupid”
You're quickly becoming my favorite history TH-camr (besides Mr. Beat)
In the United States, if I'm not mistaken, it seems to me that working to get rich was precisely one of the basis of the American dream.
When Guizot says "Enrichissez-vous", it's not so wrong in a way, but the way he says it that pisses people off. Elitist with contempt.
Ah, Napoleon III. The greatest emperor to ever live lol. Jokes aside though, despite his really bad external policies, Napoleon III was remarkably good at his internal reforms, like his massive expansion of the French railways system.
This is one of the first times I watched the original first. Been interested in 1848 for a long time.
Just wanted to say that I love your videos.
31:00 General Jelacic had actually been fired by the Emperor at this point due to his insistance on Croatian independence. But when Ferdinand heard that he had invaded Muraköz, he decided "well, guess he's doing whatever he wants" and revoked the decree that fired him, also naming him as commander of Hungarian forces.
He never wanted indepdence from the Austrian monarchy, he just wanted for Croatia to leave the Hungarian crown fearing magyarization and created autonomy for the Croatian people. That is also why the Sabor was transformed into a parliament. So the Hungarian politicians drove him into the arms of Austria.
I did my BA on this subject undergraduate. I was amazed at the effect these revolutions had on human history. The main was point the complete destruction of constitutional monarchy in Europe and the route cause of two world wars blew my mind
I just love you and your videos so much 😂❤
Something I found out recently one of my ancestors (Christopher Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière) was minister of War for France between 28th June to 20th December 1848.
I'm not sure how many of their videos you've checked out but Real Time History is someone you should check out they do great work
30:12 Heard that march so many times playing Victoria Revolutions.
10:37 - Interesting. I'd heard the saying "When America sneezes, the world catches a cold". I wasn't aware that it originated from Metternich in a different context, although it doesn't surprise me.
i find nationalism such an interesting concept in the 1800s. It is fascinating how nationalism can unite new countries such as in Germany and Italy and how it can destruct old countries such as Austria
Great Video!
17:50 Why yes, that is indeed the very same Carl Schurz. He left Germany after the revolutions across Europe in 1848-1849.
Lajos Kossuth was mentioned as one of the key figures of the Hungarian revolution. Fun fact: check the name Kossuth on a map of the USA. There are more towns named after him. He toured the US and was one of the founders of the Unitarian Church in America. Also, the uniforms of the American Civil War were inspired by Hungarian uniforms worn in the 1848 revolution/freedom fight 😊
Hey Chris I love your content
From a Hungarian perspective an interesting historical fact that the Habsburgs were Kings of Hungary and not ruled by them in their Emperor capacity. The reason why it's important is that Hungarian laws were ratified by the King and even though Franz Joseph became emperor, he wasn't crowned as king. The Hungarian people still recognized Ferdinand as their king, granted that was more to give legitimacy to the revolution.
Epic History TV kicks so much ass for making quality/attention getting documentaries
There was also a Revolt here in Brazil in 1848. It was truly a year of Revolutions all over the world
I'm listening to The Revolutions Podcast about this time, where he goes over both the broad strokes, and the minutiae of what's happening.
Epic History TV also has a video on the Decemberist Revolt
Hey! Was wondering if youd do any more reactions to potential history? You’ve reacted to a couple of his vids and just thought you might like his other stuff! But I would personally recommend is video on the first submarine usage in the civil war, although I think most of his videos are great. He uses humor and still manages to be factual correct while having interesting visuals!
Honestly you’re the only reactor I watch before I sleep, almost like a baby listening to a bedtime story.
The events of 1848 in Austria-Hungary are still heavily affect the empire up until WWI. Dr. Richard S. Faulkner has a very interesting livestream with the national WWI museum recently about messed up Austria-Hungary still was because of the revolutions.
It's good to highlight this period of the (early) late modern period as I am not that well versed in it.
"Which is fantastic" but also back, i am pretty sure you know by now but the young french genius is back at epic history tv in a new series named: (Napoleon's campaign in Italy)
VTH x Epic history tv is a beautiful combination.
Crazy that you upload this today, when this is what we covered in history class today 😂
1848 was important for Asia as well specially middle east, we have a new wave of government reformations in Turkey, Iran and others in fact even large uprising of Salar happened in Iran just when new emperor, Nasereddin the reformist did set on the throne and I believe almost similar thing happened in Ottoman empire as well. strange year man.
Your content makes me want to switch majors into history
Yes it´s the same Carl Schurz.
He fought in the revolution of 1848 ( his escape could be a movie) and the fled to the US.
You should do a reaction to the Cuban Missile Crisis series by Extra History! It’s always been one of my favorite events to learn about and I would love to see your reaction
Chris after you react to Waterloo, there are 2 more videos on Epic History Tv about Napoleon.
Napoleon's First Victory: Siege of Toulon 1793.
Napoleon in Italy Part 1: The Little Corporal.
The 1848 French Revolution fascinates me the most.
to add context to the picture at 2:22 ;
The man holding the head wasnt to "show off" or glorify their deed.
The public was still very supersticious and centuries of nobles ruling under "gods grace", made the public believe if noble blood be spilled the earth would quake and disasters would occur, because they had killed a nobleman.
The man (yet, I may add in a horrific way) is showing the public that nobles are also mere human.
Otto Von Bismarck being able to keep the peace as long as he did post Napoleon can’t be overlooked. One of the best politicians of that era in my opinion.
Hell ye a new vth video to make my Friday better 🔥🔥🔥
1) The irony of the German language got somehow lost here:
PRESSEFREIHEIT: Presse [= Press] Freiheit [= freedom] = freedom of press
FRESSEFREIHEIT: Fressen [= animals eating, eating like an animal [without any table manners] = freedom to eat (until you are full like an animal]
It has also the meaning that the first revolution had been by the educated and business owners but the second by the proletarians who only wants tó feast like animals.
2) The situation in 1848 had been similiar in most of central and southern Europe. In Austria (Germany) this time is called "Biedermeier". It is mostly used in art today but it shows the refuge into the home to a simple life because the outside worls had been controlled and occupied by the states with their secret polices. So when the crises of 1848 most countries lacked the people and ideas to make needed reforms within the system. In Russia the autocratic system had been so strong, that it withstood the changes and in England (and part of Scotland) the rich land owner, industrials and aristocracy had been intervowen so their revolution had been centuries before.
3) Emperor Ferdinand I. der Gütige (or Gütinand der Ferdige) is a often underestimated person. He became emperor in 1835 into a political complet frozen system. Without any real political power - even autocratic or absolut monarchs need people willing to do thier (bloody) job. So the opening of the spring revolution may be even felt positive by many monarchs in Europe. And so even in Austria their had been a first constitution with the "Pillersdorfschen Verfassung". Within the Italian and Hungarian provinces escalated the situation to open rebellion for independence and the army took command there. In Austria itself prepared a conservative court camarilla the leadership change from emperor Ferdinand to his 18 year old nephew Franz Joseph.
After the change (still) emperor Ferdinand lived a happy and successful live in Bohemia and Moravia - free from the political pressure which had been surely bad for his medical conditions.
I love epic history's music
The policing of Chartist meeting in London and it's peaceful resolution, is a direct opposite of the result of a similar clammer for reform which happened in Manchester in 1819.
Known as the Peterloo Massacre, 18 people died on the day (youngest was just 4) as a result of there being no civilian police at this time and the magistrates calling in the militia to deal with public order. In part it is this event which is a driver towards a civilian solution to public order in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel (-who was born in the Manchester area in the at Bury).
Ultimately Peel is responsible for reforms in the UK which improves the situation of the poor by repealing the hated Corn laws ( which was taxation on the import of cheap grain) in 1846 and the introduction of the first Factory Act in 1848 which restricted the weekly hours women and children could work in factories.
A point I'd like to make about your point at "What's the difference" at 6:48 is that not only was the United States a representative democracy. If you got fed up with the system in a city, state, or county, you could just pack your bags, sell your property(if you owned property) leave and claim a stake in the West which is also probably a reason why manifest destiny became such as massive mindset in the Americans at the time.