How did Denmark defeat Prussia in 1848? (Short Animated Documentary)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 พ.ค. 2024
- Small nations don't often defeat much larger ones but in the First Schleswig War (1848-1850) Denmark did just that when it saw off Prussia and much of the German Confederation. So how did it do it? To find out watch this short and simple animated history documentary.
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As someone with a modern point of view the idea of Denmark being a great power was a shock when I first got into history
My biggest revelation was Lithuania. Till the 8 grade I believed that they were just a small insignificant baltic state, turns out no .
@@walterschmidt7817 when I first started playing EU4 I was like "why on earth is lithuania this big? did they really own all that land??"
Mine was my own homeland, austria. Like as a kid you tell me this small tennisbat of a country once ruled more land than germany?
@@walterschmidt7817The biggest revelation was finding out Latvia had a colony
Same here
More than a "Denmark defeated Prussia" it feels more "Prussia didn't win a war where Denmark happened to be on the opposing side".
That is what it means to win a war though. Be on the opposing side of the side that failed to win.
Kinda like the US revolutionary war. British Empire and France going at it
"Prussia didn't Lose. It merely failed to win".
@@johnpoole3871🤦
@@PANZERFAUST90?
The statesman Lord Palmerston: "Only three people have ever really understood the Schleswig-Holstein business - the Prince Consort, who is dead - a German professor, who has gone mad - and I, who have forgotten all about it."
Hegel is the professor
I say britains greatest prime minister was Lord Palmerston
@@makutas-v261 100% madhouse material.
I learned this quote way back as an undergrad in German history and never forgot it. I use this quote very often when speaking about obscure topics! Thank you for using this favourite quote of mine here.
Pitt the Elder!@@JanJansen985
The Danish victory in 1848-49 became a great sense of national pride for Denmark. They called it "the spirit from 48", and there is a nationwide known marching song from back then called "Dengang jeg drog afsted" (That time I went forward) They forgot about the international help they got and became overwhelmed with nationalistic hybris. They tried to force Slesvig and Holstein into the national Danish kingdom again in 1864, which broke the treaty and started the war of 1864 against Prussia and Austria. Denmark thought they could win again like 1848. No other nations intervened, and Denmark got slaughtered. All of Southern Jutland got occupied and was only restored after WW1. The defeat was a nationwide national trauma for the Danes. It has affected how we modern Danes see ourselves and our country in the wide world. We modern Danes do not see ourselves as big romantic empires anymore, and we focus on bettering our state instead of expanding it. "Hvad udad tabes skal indad vindes" (What's lost outward shall be won inward) -Danish proverb.
Why did the international power not aid Denmark in the second war like they did during the first war?
@@arishokqunari1290 he literally says so: Denmark broke the treaty.
@@arishokqunari1290 Austria came to help Prussia the second time, and the aggressor was also clearly Denmark, who broke a treaty and annexed Schleswig.
Dude this is legendary history
That’s a great proverb. This is a great comment.
Though it wasn't what was discussed in this video, it's so interesting to hear about the Schleswig-Holstein wars. One of my ancestors died by a grenade in the 1860's. The very last thing he ever did was write a poem to his family before dying in a hospital some days after
I thank him for his service. Thank you also for sharing that. That's a great legacy.
There were Grenades back then???
@@hwgwrestling9203yes?? Even earlier actually. Nowhere as similar to the ones we all know though.
@@hwgwrestling9203
Grenades go back centuries. The earliest grenades bore a resemblance to those hand held bombs you’d see in cartoons, fuse included.
In the War of Vienna, the Ottoman invaders would put gunpowder into small glass spheres, light the fuse, and throw it at the enemy. There grenades were lighter and more “elegant” than the ones the Austrian garrison were using. Instead of glass, they used iron, which was much heavier, but produced much, much more shrapnel.
One of my own ancestors was a Danish war hero in the first war (the one discussed in this video), receiving the Order of the Dannebrog.
...Then he left Lutheranism for a dissenting faith and was 'encouraged' to move to America.
I am danish and we learned about the schleswig wars in history class. Interesting to see you cover the first schleswig war.
Damm you are lucky, i never got that in school
Ummm... First??
@@unclenogbad1509 yep prussia and austria invaded schleswig and holstein then prussia took schleswig from austria and kept both until schleswig later voted to rejoin denmark and holstein stayed with germany after WW1
@@acuothacuoth502You've made a mistake. Only the northern majority danish speaking part of the duchy of Schleswig joined Denmark after WW1. Most of the duchy of Schleswig is still part of Germany today. Schleswig-Holstein is a state of the federal republic of Germany
E
I didn't even know this was a thing. Your content on unusual questions and answers really never fails to impress.
And in 1864 Prussia took it over anyways lol
A large part of this territory became part of the modern Federal Republic of Germany after the Second World War. It was decided by a referendum, ending several centuries of armed grumpiness.
It's because it gets overshadowed by other events at the time, like the revolutions in 1848, the Mexican-American war at the same time + all the tension that leads to the civil war, the Irish Potato famine, and a few other things. Not to mention Bismarck would go on to make all of it irrelevant just a couple of decades later. 1848-1871 was an extremely busy period for world history so this little nothing-war gets overlooked.
@@Korschtal Well, the entire territory already became a part of Prussia after the Second Schleswig War in 1864. A referendum (well, plebiscite) after WW1 transferred the (primarily danish-inhabited) North Schleswig back to Denmark, and the borders have remained the same since (As far as I am aware, the border did not change after WW2)
E
I loved your German volunteer with a different label on his helmet. Brilliant.
E
1848:
Denmark: "You shall not *pass!!!"*
1864:
Prussia: "Guess who's back?"
Still did better than Austria in 1866
Is that a question?
@@kristianpoulherkild3401That depends
@@balabanasiretitell me who unified germany, prussia or austria. Exactly.
@@balabanasireti Not really. We inflicted greater losses on Prussia in 1864 and we lasted longer. Had it not been for those pesky breech loaders and a faulty strategy of not moving troops around, the outcome would have been a military stalemate. That might still have happened if we had relied on hit and run attacks like the 1st war of Slesvig.
That Louis Napoleon bit never gets old
Never knew about that conflict, thank you for making this video!
This was actually the first out of two "Schleswig wars" the second Schleswig war (1864), was between Denmark, Prussia and Austria, where Denmark lost. That war was a very important althoug small war as it was the start of the beginning of a German Empire and where Bismarck started to become influential in Prussia.
There even is a danish movie about that war called 1864 - Brødre i krig (Brothers at war).
the special thing about both wars, was that families and friends ended up splitting due to some joining the Danish side, and others the German side, so you could end up not only fighting your own countrymen but also your own family.
The second war, was the bloodiest war in Denmarks history.
its you!
@@jejehatesme31 no way!
@@kristianjohansen5561 Very interesting, thank you for letting me know. I should make an alternate history on that, sounds really interesting
Hello there
Because James Bissonnette was commanding the Danish army
Knew it. Had to be
He even paid for the army expenses
So funny OMG the 500th billion comment to make such a garbage copypasta omg guys pls give me likes I made a channel joke omg
@@royale7620James Bissonette pays bots to make you cry.
He was funded by Kelly Moneymaker.
Wow I guess I as a Dane, have been too focussed on the war in 1864. It turns out one of my ancestors was from a small village called Sieseby, between Flensburg and Kiel in Schleswig-Holstein. He became a dragoon in the Danish Prince Ferdinand's Dragoon regiment in Aarhus (present day Denmark). Since he was born in 1815, that would have made him around 33 years at the time of the war in 1848... and of the right age to take part in the war. I have to look into this =)
Perhaps he fought in Rytterfægtningen på Aarhus Mark, a Danish victory in a small battle just about where Aarhus University is today
A small warning, this video is full of rather major mistakes. But fun, and well made.
I was in Copenhagen few months ago and visited their war history museum. Most of their wars seem to be summarized as “we made a valiant effort. We had some wins. But in the end we lost”
Actually more historic wins than losses, but some significant and memorable losses: Siding with France in the Napoleonic wars, loss of Norway to Sweden/England, loss of Schleswig-Holstein to the German Empire, and occupation by Nazi Germany during WWII.
They were full of wins in middle ages
They didn’t lose that one
@@makutas-v261 denmark wasnt a real thing for most the middle ages
@@JanJansen985 and yet they scored most of the Ws and held scandinavian power.
Good to know that this part of history that's so obscure is finally given the spotlight
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Another great vid! Five suggestions from me, a Patreon supporter, if you’re looking for future video ideas:
1.) How close did the world come to nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis? (aka Cuban Missile Crisis Explained)
2.) How has Spain held onto its lands in Africa?
3.) What was life like in China’s European concessions?
4.) How did Thailand remain independent?
5.) Why is the UN headquartered in New York City?
i think he covered the thailand question before that its too much tension between french and british colonies so they kept it as a buffer state
@@verycool1833 Nice profile pic
He already did 2 of them and the rest I think he's moving away from
I see the best candidates are 1 and 5
@@achourfreepalestine Nah, he hasn't done one on (2) or (4) yet. He has a video about how Spain missed out on the scramble for Africa, but not on how it managed to take and hang onto Ceuta and Melilla. He hasn't done any videos featuring Thailand at all. And afaik, he hasn't covered (3) either, but correct me if I'm wrong. Personally I think they are all good, though (3) is a little too broad.
@@EebstertheGreat he did a video about Thailand you can search it up
You are right about the Spain but I think it's kinda similar so it would be boring
As of 3 I meant it when I said "moved from that type of videos"
Prussia then goes on to defeat Denmark 20 something years later.
@@Bill-cx1smI personally think that they would've still won without Austria but that's just my opinion
@@Bill-cx1sm🤓
And then austria. And then the baguette boys also got a slap. But don't worry. The last one is definitely not gonna lead to an all out total war forty years later.
The difference being Bismarck understood diplomacy much better then the Prussian leadership here did. At least they were smart enough to not keep pushing and start a world war lol.
I mean yeah, they kicked the shit out of France too. Don't expect a child to win a match against a boxer, who has been winning matches left right and center.
It’s an interesting subject, but the video misses several times: 1. Schleswig and Hostein would not automatically be lost when the King died, and it did in fact not happen when he died i 1863. The two duchies also had different rules about the matter. 2. The Schleswig-Holstein rebels didn’t rebel because they thought the King had been overthrown - that was just the best political stance they could take. Rather, they were afraid that political developments in Copenhagen ment the Danish-national political movement would gain the power to tie Schleswig tighter to Denmark. 3. Schleswig and Holstein were not one uniform entity. While Holstein was a German duchy with a German population, Schleswig was a Danish duchy with a mixed German-Danish population, with a slight Danish majority (going by language - in reality many Schleswigers didn’t really define themselves by a national identity simply based on their language). The German-nationalist movement was therefore pretty representative of Holstein, but not of the whole of Schleswig, where the Danish-national movement pulled in the other direction, and created the central conflict in the matter. 4. The reason Denmark wanted to keep Schleswig and Holstein wasn’t because they were rich, but because of all the ties - historical, social, political, economical, you name it - that ties parts of a country or empire together. You wouldn’t say that Spain today don’t want Catalonian independence just because of money, or that Great Britain don’t want Scottish independence because of money. It’s a gross simplification. I’ll stop here. Sorry for the long post.
He also totally left out the involvement of the revolutionary German Empire, which was the actual entity that went to war (I believe). I remember reading on wikipedia something like the commander refused to return on Prussia's commands because he said that his commands come from German Empire's goverment, not from Prussia.
This video in very wrong in many ways. Prussia also took part in the 1849 campaign, and they were outthought and outfought by Olaf Rye, who made them overextend the German lines. Prussia and Denmark did not make peace till 1850.
I think this video is based on the English Wikipedia article on the war, because that article is full of errors (and has almost no references), and this video makes a lot of the same errors as that article.
@@gustav331 you know what, thanks to hbomberguy video about plagiarism, I kinda suspect this channel content too. This channel does not even cite sources or even put source in description.
@@gustav331yeah sometimes you wonder with this guy. He seems like one of the better history tubers (God knows most of them are literal shit) but wikipedia is your source for your college essay not something you're publishing. Yet he comes to many of the same conclusions that you'd see on a half baked wikipedia article
@@user-gp5yz5yz4x @gustav331 Well, normally both History Matters and Wikipedia seem pretty accurate (if a major subject clearly has errors in Wikipedia, a lot of editors tend to descend on it and correct it, especially as solid references are demanded). Maybe this article has had less scrutiny from people with a particular interest or knowledge on it.
So many things happened in 1848, this kinda fell through the cracks
In the danish town of Fredericia the victory is celebrated every year. Denmark won a great battle 6th July 1849 defending the town with big loses. Serveral streets etc. are named after the most important Danish generals. You can still walk on the historically ramparts surrounding the town :)
Then Bismarck came. Basically, the architect of Germany, he later planned the more successful war against Denmark as a way of training his army, then, the expedition to Austria to cement Prussia as the true princeps of the German states, and then finally, against the country he determined as an enemy to unite all Germans around, France. Then, Wilhelm the 2nd thought he would do a better job with his own policy 😅
Bismarck was one of a kind. Sad to see later that Wilhelm the 2nd and hitler would destroy much of his "work".
My great great grandfather served in this war, and I'm so psyched to see the best history TH-camrs finally getting into it.
I have just realized a critical issue with the map History Matters uses: Flevoland exists. The flevoland project wasn't started until 1957. It seems to be on the peak netherlands mug too. Not much of the european map has changed of the last couple hundred years, but flevoland is a pretty noticeable addition and it is funny that even I didn't notice this before.
You really lack history knowledge if this is the " *critical* " issue you find in their maps.
@genovayork2468 I don't lack history knowledge considering it has nothing to do with history. Because it's about a map, not about history. Since it's quite a big mistake, and since it is pretty much one of the only noticeable differences, it can be deemed fairly critical since it is a misrepresentation of a country.
By Lucifer's beard, you're right!
Why insult their knowledge? They pointed out a critical issue, they didn’t say there are never any other inaccuracies.
@@ferrusvilkas8544 You lack it because the truly critical inaccuracies are horrendous historical ones, not this coast problem.
I was sad rn, but seeing that vid is uploaded cheered me a bit. Thanks
Here are two suggestions I want you to do next: 1) how did the world react when Napoleon III gained power in 1852? (The video that you uploaded earlier, abruptly cut and then taken down for some reason), 2) why the USA didn’t get involved in the French Revolutionary & the Napoleonic Wars?
1. “Oh great, this again.”
2. They did, in an attempt to seize Canada. It didn’t go well.
@@timesnewlogan2032 Thank you, but I wanted History Matters to upload the videos.
@@timesnewlogan2032 the War of 1812 was a completely separate conflict from the Napoleonic Wars. Also, the USA had no real plans of annexing Canadian territories; occupied Canadian lands were merely going to be used as a bargaining chip against Britain to get them to stop impressment.
@@MrMah-zf6jk
Separate conflicts but the impressment of sailors was directly caused by the Napoleonic Wars
History Matters did actually have a video on that first question, but he either deleted or privated it for some reason.
Great content as always.
Love this channel. Thanks for the new content!
Keep up the good work 😊
I was about to say that I would find it more surprising that it was Prussia that Denmark “defeated” over other great powers because of how exemplary their military was. But yeah when the other great powers will smack you over every which way possible you kinda have no choice but to back down
see also: Suez
Why would a prussian defeat surprise you? Sweden defeated them?
Prussia was as militarised as it was because it was surrounded on all sides by great powers, but avoiding the nightmare scenario of fighting multiple great powers at once drove its diplomacy.
“It’s weird that you even brought it up.” 🤣 It’s the lil cheeky remarks like that combined w my obsession w historical information that has me always looking forward to anything HM posts, regardless of the particular topic.
Great video as always
Another amazing video
hi bro i like your short video keep uploading and feed me more history
They wanted to keep fighting, but James Bisonette helped pressure them to put down their weapons
And Kelly Moneymaker agreed
and boogily woogily whatever the fuck also took part @@ecurewitz
Man these jokes about James Bisonette are so lame
I find this channel to be accurate, informative with a dry sense of humour. I love it. Thank you so much.
thank you patrons!
Thats an often overlooked part of european history. Glad you made the video. There actually is a small memorial in my town in southern Holstein for the 7 people from the area, that died during this uprising.
“Oblique attack tactics ain't exactly straight!
I've got creative talents and battle malice, hard as steel on the field, genteel in the palace!” Frederick the Great
"Russia's fucked up but no wonder why! With your tundras and taigas and bears, oh my!" - Fredrick The Great.
@@GaryAdame777”I’d pay a guy! To tear out my eyes if I had to look at your troll face every night!”
@@minelayer26
This Frederick rap is pretty good.
Great video 👍🏻
Great video
Speaking as a Dane, the Prussians sure did get back at us in 1864. The Danish defeat then and subsequent giving up of ambitions to be a major power was like the defining moment for our national identity
Those Prussians always like to have two go's at anything military.
The ironic thing about the conflict was the chairman of the German Confederation, who allowed Schleswig to become a member was actually an Austrian Habsburg. The troops of Prussia were then formally federalized. There is even a record of a Prussian general at first refusing an order from its king, because he was then under the authority of the German Confederation, not its member state Prussia anymore.
Cool. Very interesting video
Great Video
*VIDEO SUGGESTION:*
Considering the fact that Spain's American colonies began revolting in order to gain independence during The Napoleonic Wars because Napoleon had invaded Spain, why didn't they stop rebelling once Napoleon was defeated?
I've been wondering about this
They were committed to the bit of having Independence; they can't just stop.
i don't remember exactly but i think one of the reason was due to Fernando VII revoking the constitution of 1812, among other things
They were already in the 7th step when Napoleon was defeated, why not cross 3 more steps in order to gain independence?
Something something freedom something.
Can you do a video how the American colonies interacted with Cromwell's government 🥺
I would be super interested in this
Iirc he briefly mentioned in another video that they usually sided with the royals, ironically enough
@@saalok what did they do once the royals were completely out of power? Did they host a government in exile? Pay taxes?
This
i'm very happy to hear that Charles the First is the last one mentioned. i literally listen to hear it
always good when History matters uploads
Isn’t it though!
Hey. This is such a ini mini minus Error. But if check out the netherlands on the map you can see that it includes the province of Flevoland the land didnt exist at that time and was only reclaimed from the sea in the mid half of the 20st Century. Maybe possible if you can correct it in future video's? Big fan. Keep up the good work!! ❤
A question I have never asked myself, hell something I don't think I ever once thought about, but now something I MUST find out
History Matters in a nutshell
Never saw this one before...
Fascinating!
Very interesting!
Who would bring up Napoleon III wanting to be something more than president? as the nephew of the Napoleon, I expect nothing but great and honorable things from him.
This guy never fails to become our teacher
I always wondered this. Especially considering how badly they lost the second one. Thanks!
Dude you rock and/or roll.
all these problems cause king abel, just had to seperate slesvig, from the kingdom of Denmark in the middle ages.
Just for election meddling.
wtf i love denmark now?!!?!?!
2:42 this is why I'm addicted to this channel, caught the wind outta me.
Thanks!
It is also worth noting that the greatest battle (in terms of troops involved) in Danish history was fought in 1850
If we go 100% from confirmed historical knowledge if we take Saxos stories then no
Everyone interested in this needs to read Flashman novel #2, Royal Flash, which is a wonderful Prisoner of Zenda pastiche that's set in this crazy diplomatic scheme that no one really understands!
thats legit crazy, also helps to explain alot geohistorically (for lack of a better term)
A short comment for the algorithm.
As always fantastic work.
Napoleon iii: “I love Democracy, I love the republic.”
Fun fact: The Denmark war was also a preparation war for prussia to test their new combat strategies and weapons. It would have been a nice to have victory but in the end the main goal was testing their strengths in a safe environment for later "plans".
You are mixing it up with the 1864 war. You are thinking of when prussia got austrian cannons and back loader muskets.
I'm going to have to watch this one about a half dozen times so it all can sink in.
Yay new video
Denmark is not to be underestimated
Thank god Denmark then held onto those lands forever and ever and never lost any to Germany/Prussia in a future war
Yaeh... about that...
😂😂😂 ..... those German bastards!
After WW2 all Allied nations where trying to shove all that territory down Denmark throat, even going so far as suggesting Denmark getting territory surrounding Berlin. But as Denmark is actually considerate and good neighbors! They didn't accept, as it wouldn't be fair for the locals.
I appreciate your attention to accurate maps (eg Bornholm etc)
😂🤣🤣
You know it's a good day if History Matters posts
Danes are built different
Yes... We're made from Lego all the way up
From watching your video I would have thought the Danes got beat every time and had no chance. But they actually won quite a few battles throughout the war, despite fighting multiple German nations. In fact, the last battle of the war was a Danish victory.
Great video. Weird how things turned out there.
As the UK is likely to have a general election next year, would you consider doing a video explaining British parliamentary history, such as what Parliament was like before the 1832 Great Reform Act?
And that was that and this sealed this issue forever in perpetuity. And was definitely never revisited again a decade later with a very different result.
Denmark, a country renowned for its fearsome Vikings, might have seemed like a formidable empire, but that was probably not the case
Not after the Swedish rebellion and then centuries of sabotage from the Brits. That's for sure.
Well as we had been on a constant decline for the past 350 years at this point you can’t really blame us
@@springer9828 Well, things are looking alright now. We just continue to bide our time for now
Ppl also wrongly assume that Prussia was a military powerhouse throughout its entire existence. It wasn't. It went pretty downhill with the Prussian military after the 18th century and they didn't pick up until the 1860s. Prussian army of 1848 was nothing special...
It was effective in putting down The Reds, though I guess that was playing on easy mode.
NEW VIDEO!!! LET'S GO!!!
2:38
And this is why I love this channel.
Hallo from Denmark . Yes and in 15 years later preussia got its revenge. When They defeated Denmark in the 1864 war beat the living daylights out of us danish . Bismark has became primeminister in Preussia and wanted a united germany under Preussian leader ship . And Slesvig-Holstein was perfect in his agenda. Denmark lost Slesvig and holstein . But Northern Slesvig became danish again in 1920 after germany was defeated in world war one . A referendum was held . Northern Slesvig voted danish and southern Slesvig voted to remain german . So the current danish-german border was result af of the 1920 referendum
So basically Denmark got incredibly lucky
Another European country was saved yet again by Britain, yet they still treat us with disdain and like we're their enemies.
Lucky, yes, but also smart negotiators.
Until Schleswig War 2: Electric Boogaloo.
Very interesting
Awesome
DENMARK MENTIONED 🇩🇰🇩🇰🇩🇰🇩🇰
Denmark became chad
Thanks. 👍
2:49 Love the "this was a bit of a no-no" joke.
The boundaries of the duchy of Slesvig is wrong. Those are post-1864 borders and not the pre-1864 borders. The border was changed to compensate for royal possesions in the duchies, which is why Ribe remained in the kingdom of Denmark after 1864 and why the border went rather south of Kolding.
Interesting.
German nationalists won't have been pleased about giving up part of Schleswig.
@@alanpennieslelsvig which down alll the way to Holstein primarily was danish
Denmark is the kinda guy to walk into a bar. Look at the biggest guy there and say "your not so tough"
Didn't work so well the next time around (1864) :)
@@fastertove
You win some.
You lose some.
@@fastertove974-983
A perfect example of right makes might I've ever seen.
Explain baarle-hertog and baarle-naasau next or just the weird borders of Belgium!
DANMARK NÆVNT 🇩🇰🇩🇰🇩🇰 !!! MESTRENE !!! 🗣💪 🗣💪 🗣💪
Dane Pepe Spotted
They'll be back in 1864
Louis Napoleon seems like a nice guy with a level head. Hope he gets to keep it.
Denmark's so interesting. I'd love to study more of their history someday.
Don't mess with the descendants of Vikings
Vi slog Preussen ved Slaget i Fredericia ved hjælp af en flådeoperation via Fyn om natten og de skyndte dem ,at flygte tilbage til ,hvor de kom fra. :)
A triumph of Danish sea power.
"It's weird that we even brought it up"
Beautiful.
I like that "How?" in the premise was so much more exasperated. Like, "Literally HOW do you let that happen?!"