What on Earth Happened to the Old Indo-Europeans?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 มิ.ย. 2019
- What on Earth happened to the OLD Indo-Europeans? Groups like the Scythians, Tocharians, Bactrians, Sogdians, Yuezhi and many others related to Europeans and the proto-Indo-Iranians (Aryans) that would end up conquering and settling large areas of the Middle East, South Asia and Central Asia.
Today we'll be looking at the history of these groups, how they conquered such large areas and just why they eventually went extinct. Thanks for watching!
No Masamap on this one. Next time fellas.
Sources:
www.britannica.com/topic/Scyt...
www.gerdcarling.se/2018/07/11/...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.ancient-origins.net/histo...
anthropology.net/2010/09/18/t...
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I am Uzbek and I always wondered why the hell does my cousin who is 100% Uzbek have blonde hair and green eyes. Now I know why.
Honestly same and it’s really sad that some ppl get treated differently b/c of their complexions eventho they’ve originated FROM THE SAME COUNTRY!
Same with hazara people
Well im Afghan so it makes sense but Uzbeks have some indo iranian so yeah thats probably why
It can also came from Russian immigrant to who mixed with the native
@Not Berber Green eyes is what you get when you mix blue eyes and hazel eyes.
You can only have green eyes, if you inherited one blue gene from one parent, and a hazel gene from the other parent.
Having green eyes is a sign that some kind of mixing happened.
Original indo-europeans didn't have blue eyes (or at least, it was not common)
Indigenous Europeans (hunter gatherers) had blue eyes and dark skin. Every single indigenous European who's remains were found and tested, had both blue eyes phenotypes. Meaning, 100% of the the ones we know of, had blue eyes.
The indigenous Europeans were first replaced by the Neolithic Farmers who migrated from Turkey and took over Europe.
Then a few thousand years later, they were replaced by the Indo-europeans who then took their turn to take over Europe.
(Of course, a lot of mixing happened.)
We also know that all blue eye genes trace back to a single ancestor. Who lived 6000 to 10000 years ago.
So, if you have green eyes, it means you have one blue gene and one hazel gene. And, if you have either green or blue eyes, it probably means you have some indigenous European ancestry.
Never fails to amaze the listeners. That's really nice that now he uploads videos with consistency .
I'm having more fun than ever getting out these videos
Very good video. But it is unfortunate that we use the term Indo-Europeans. Their name is Arians but because of the racist history of WW2 we had to stop the use it.
@Siyovaxsh En-sipad-zid-ana Not really. Arian is in use in European names as well.
@synco pated No its not, Schytians have nothing to do with Persians. They were both Iranic but clearly very different people. Persians descend from old Persians and Pashtuns descend from the Scythians, Even the Saka language was Eastern Iranic and had trouble communicating with the Persian speakers who were Western Iranic speaking. You have no evidence for Persians being Saka so stop spreading misinformation.
@synco pated No i did not do that because i am well aware Iranian-=/=Persian. But you have absolutely NO evidence that the people of Tehran are somehow of Saka root and are aware of it. Tehran is a mixed area with different ethnic groups living there and has faced tons of migrations over the years. Not to mention the Saka's never invaded Persia but were at their borders.
Like i said the only possible candidates of Schytian descendants would be the Afghan/Pashtuns nobody else.
I've always been fascinated by the Scythians. What a large area they covered.
Same here. I also find it interesting how they're ethically Iranian yet have nothing in common with the Persians, ect.
a trick : watch series at flixzone. Been using it for watching loads of movies lately.
@Case Kyle yea, have been using Flixzone for since december myself :D
Masaman is really stupid ass dk head synthians is was turks they wasn't Indo-Europeans, also sakha-massagette was turks to, fact? They destroyed iranian kingdom, even before that turks was in Central Asia, see androvo culture
@SrArjamann dk head I know my culture more than you do. Androvo culture is not Indo-European culture.
I love how this guy keeps correcting himself. Much respect for being more committed to facts than ego!
What facts, everything he says a a gross lie
@@niiinc8270 elaborate
@@BeanOfBean "No, i don't think i will"
I see Indo-Europeans, I click like and play. It’s that simple.
VERY
When I go out into the endless Don steppes, I feel like here the sound of hooves of the first riders, our distant ancestors of the Indo-Europeans.
It's ok to be Indo European
Yes very interesting
What a dumbest racist comment...
The Mongols committed greatest genocides in the historical era. They devastated the vast Eurasian region they conquered and many nations only recovered their pre-Mongol population only in the 18th century nearly 600 years after the genocides.
We should shame them. Mongolia is CANCELLED
We should shame them. Mongolia is CANCELLED
No no you are wrong They Did what you did to others according to legend Genghis Khaan was Angry with Inhuman Abramic faith expansion Politics in Religion Christian Crusades and Islam Jihad was more dangerous to Humanity they have commited Dangerous crime in name of Religion To teach them a Lesson The Great Chengis Khaan Rised he destroyed Middle East and Europe and China he was not after Gold and Dimonds ...... He is did not tried to enter India His interest was on Europe and Middle East ....... Than who were Mugals
Mugals were the slave of Mongols.... Who were Defeated by Chengis Khaan and they stole his title Khan and there Princess was gifted to Mongols thus Mugals were born they stole Name also.... Mongols are Legend
Bimala Devi 💙🌎💙🌍💙🌏💙Thank You for Your Explanation💙🙏💙🦋💙😷
@@bimaladevi327 nobody was ever interested in going to gangaland (ganges plains) or sub Narmada peninsula (deccan south) or even the eastern seven sister states area of today.
It was actually Khilji who defeated the mongols at Attock in Pakistan and saved the thankless ingrates of today's indian union from genocide. I guess thats one legend that didn't materialize. But the shameless bollywood repaid khilji with a disgusting caricature of a great emperor...truly the bharati and dravida deserve each other. Keep holding on to your ill gotten colonies courtesy of Mountbatten. Without him ganga, malwa & deccan would've remained divided among feuding principalities as per norm.
There is a region in Iran named after Scythians called Sistan ( Sakastana). A main hero ( pahlavan) of Iranian epic Shahnameh, book of the kings, is believed to be a Saka or Scythian hero.
@Bayek Of Siwa I mentioned a fact. Borders of geographic areas change.
@Bayek Of Siwa It has taken its name from them. I do not think anybody surveyed and mapped the old Sistan but it is likely its Western parts has overlaps with current Sistan.
The main point was that they did not completely disapear. Their stories and heros are alive in Iranian epics and stories ( and probably in other languages and cultures somehow) and they gaved their names to the place they lived and the place has given its name to the people born there or lived there ( there have been many historic people with Sajestani after their name ). I hope someone from China or India share what he knows about them and the traces of Scythians on their language and culture.
As a Hungarian, my (and my wife's) DNA results show great proximity to iron-age European Scythian samples. (Multiple DNA portals/calculators) But they were a very huge group. The European Tatars and the Moldavians are also close to these samples.
Scythian, also called Scyth, Saka, and Sacae, member of a nomadic people, originally of Iranian stock, known from as early as the 9th century BCE who migrated westward from Central Asia to southern Russia and Ukraine in the 8th and 7th centuries BCE
Hello my iranian borodar😂
What on earth happened to the paleo-Eurasians!
@tim derek wat
@tim derek based
The original european hunter gatherers mixed with early farmers to form the original neolithic farmer population. When the Indoeuropeans arrived they replaced roughly half of North European the gene pool, but in Sardinia almost none of the gene pool was replaced. (EDIT Sicily -> Sardinia Thanks Alluvium)
austin konrad
Mixed not killed
Vtron
They live in europe and asia
*VERY INDO-EUROPEAN*
@Mallyoo F
@Hare Krishna you commented in the wrong post lol
@Hare Krishna arre bhai apne comments yaha se delete kar aur sahi post pe reply kar
@Hare Krishna wait I will tag you there
@Hare Krishna I think so OP deleted his comment lol, do you remember what comment OP had put?
I first learned about the Tocharians while studying the history of Buddhism. We know about them because of the cache of Buddhist writings in Tocharian that were discovered in the previous century.
The Tocharians had many subtribes. A large branch became the mostly Afghanistan based Kushans. Another branch resided in the Himalayan mountains and were later associated with the Huns, the White Huns. They are the ones, along with the Red Huns Kitharites, that migrated to Afghanistan again and ruled over Afghanistan and even defeated the Sassanians in battle. They ruled over modern day Afghanistan and Pakistan, CAR's, and parts of India and Iran. They were later dispersed by a joint Turk-Sassanian assault. Branches of them went west towards Iran, some went East towards India, and some remained in Afghanistan in the region of "Gharchistan" where those nomads became associated with Turks who did not resemble or dress like Turks, and eventually amalgamated with the Pashtuns. The Ghorids were also associated with them, and they also amalgamated with the Pashtuns-Afghans. This could explain why Masaman agrees that the Pashtuns probably resemble the original Indo-Iranians.
In Tajikistan archeologists found many Tocharian manuscripts, also they found the biggest Buddha in Nirvana statue in Ajina-Teppa Monastery in Southern Tajikistan, remnants of multiple Buddhist monasteries build during Kushan times left in Tajikistan. If you visit Tajikistan visit their National Museum of Antiquity where they have that sleeping Buddha Statue.
I’m not sure how big of a role Afghanistan plays in the development of Indo-Europeans, but our own perception of Afghanistan’s ancient history aligns very well with PIE theories. Of coarse not ALL Afghans, but a very good number of the Pashtuns and Tajiks greatly resemble what the old PIE might have looked like.
RūdābaJān Exactly
Tajiks no, they are too mixed. Pashtuns and Pamiri's probably descend from the old Indo-Europeans.
Afghanistan has too many foreign genomes to be really any thing similar to the old indoeuropeans....
chachi mogo seriously this guy wants to always claim Pashtuns are somehow “purer” than other afghans. Meanwhile, I’ve seen Pashtuns of ALL phenotypes. There’s mongoloid Pashtuns, Indic Pashtuns, white Pashtuns, Arab Pashtuns, etc...
@@TheAfghan72 they are mixed as well with natives of the area
Always impressed by the depth and accuracy of your analyses in such short posts, although often well-known names pop up with strange pronunciations. Your choice of subjects is always interesting to a student of history.
Hey Mason, this is great! I'm interested in the Bactria and Indo-Greek areas, specifically the Gandhara region and culture. They were one of the first Buddhist cultures, only a couple hundred years after the Buddha himself.
Oh, absolutely! Here in Cleveland our Art Museum has an exquisite Gandharan painting of the Buddha,of course very Hellenic in style. What gets me is that he has a halo, just like all the Christian saints in the Italian Renaissance paintings centuries later. Hmmm..
Yes Gandhara was situated in Ancient North west India today present in Northern Pakistan.
Me too
It blew my mind learning that some of the Buddhist missionaries to my parents' native country Sri Lanka were Indo-Greek
Why does Gandhara speak Pashto now?
I'm getting to a lot of your videos late but I love, love, love the depth of research and acknowledgment of the migration, mixing, and language sharing that you give such easy to follow and efficient synopses of. Others have said it, but there is very little on TH-cam that's comparable. I grew up loving history classes, classical studies, documentaries, books, and stories, and even my family's modern day roots are very complex and varied. Your videos are like small tapestries that weave so many elements of those stories I grew up with into a coherent landscape or scene, topic by topic. 💚
Fantastic, I hope you keep making videos for a long time, Mason. Quality educontent!
0:21 the Persian translation is : "the next video will become crazy"
yeah definitely not generated by google translate
The hindi text also meant the same
@@babitayadav4806 agla video pagal hone vala h!
The German Text also said this
Indo-european: like
afro-asiatic: comment
And the Uralics? :p
What about bantu people?
Afro-asiatic here
Also Bantus and Altaics :P
BLUE DOG go fuck your self
Great video. What I found fascinating as someone interested in language on a laymans level: the image/diagram showing the spread and modifications of the very basic word Four.
I love your stuff, Mason. you covered a lot of ground there. for personal reasons I would love it if you went diving into more in the admixture of peoples in Ural/Altay Mtn areas that contributed to the Turkish gene pool. keep up good work!
masaman, always thrilled to see a new upload. thanks for all your hard work and dedication to studying the races of the world. you are a gentleman and a scholar
Tocharians are the most interesting to me. Dunno if there has been a genetic study or not but culturally Tocharians resemble the Shina and Khowar speaking people of northern Pakistan. Even their dresses resemble those of Dardic people . Most of the people of Northern Pakistan actually migrated from central Asia and mixed with the locals forming various Dardic groups.
One more thing Wakhi speaking Pamiris are also found in Pakistan.
Yes, Masaman should defenitelly make a video about Tocharians. From my own list, I would also add Sogdians in there.
Just don't kill the remaining Dards left
Abhinay Raikar Lolz, Dards ( Shina speakers, Khowar, Kalashi, Kohistani ) are all living peacefully in Pakistan. Who’s killing them ?
The Dardic languages are descended from a sister language to Sanskrit, not directly from Sanskrit like Punjabi, Sindhi and Urdu in Pakistan. The Kushans were thought to have spoken a Tocharian language, and they were in control of much of North-West India, Pakistan, Afganistan and possibly parts of Tajikistan and Kyrgystan about 2000 years ago. However, their administrative language was Bactrian (East Iranian language), even though they themselves most likely spoke Kushan (Tocharian) natively among the Kushan elite.
Eli Malinsky I can speak Shina and I have so many Khowar , koshur and kohistani Friends . Believe me all these Dardic languages are so far from being mutually intelligible, even cognates among these languages is very rare . This classification is more like a geographical classification.
Balti ( a tibetic Language of Pakistan) though not intelligible with all the other Tibetic Languages But you’ll find so many cognate especially nouns .
There was a difference between Turks and Mongols. Turks would join other tribes and assimilate them slowly, Mongols would just butchered them. Indoeuropeans of Central Asia experienced both.
not only central asia! azerbijan and anatolia are assimilate by turk too! this is sad
@@whocaresbbc1603 yes, I always been puzzled by the anti-Christian, anti-European fanatism of Turkish and Azeri people, wich are over 90% European blood and once force-converted Christians...
@@1prairiedog its shame! even they don't believe dna test ! most of these people denying there roots becuz a fucking language
@@whocaresbbc1603 can i ask why that is sad?
@@makyldz7280 yeah, uprooted, predator and fratricidal- right, exactly like Americans. Only worse. A cursed nation you are, and the "happier" you are, the heavier God's punishment. You were once Christians, but becaming demonised persecutors to them. Happy, huh? Don't forget being "proud" too...
Hi Mason,
Would love a video on Ancient Cypriot history.
Keep up the good work,
Thanks
Rather than “unintelligible”, you meant “mutually unintelligible.” 😊
Sogdians are the most interesting to me and I'd love to know more about them. Thanks for the video!
You do some awesome research and your narrative flows so seamlessly
I'm amazed at the amount info you have for this area of ancient peoples. (I wonder where you got it!) Although you skim through it very fast it contains a lot of details I've never seen before. I recently discovered my eastern european heritage, all of this is completely confusing as I cannot find much other information on these ancient tribes.
I think all of your videos are very well detailed. But the group which fascinated me the most are,”The Tajics in China.” Only because there is a book about the connection between Ancient Chinese and Ancient Sumerian (Modern day Iraq,) language. Abywho ; thank you for the upload.
Impressive. Well researched.
My favorite video of yours yet! I like how you mentioned the Tarim Mummies. Great stuff.
I also wrote a blog post on that topic for those interested in further reading. Many thanks. fromtheparapet.wordpress.com/2019/07/10/tarim-mummies/
When it comes to background music, it;s wonderful that this wonderful TH-camr gets Bach to the basics...
I know the way out.
este video ha sido una locura!
haha i liked the detail.. greetings from spain
0:24 "Agala video pagal hone wala hey" hahaha must have wanted to translate "next video is gonna be madd" XD
This was fascinating but overwhelming. There may be no practical (or desirable) meand of making this vast bulk of information more accessible tom nonacademics, but I for one would be drawn to such efforts.
Really interesting. But, a lot of information related at high speed. I will have to watch this video several more times to catch the information.
There's a genetic study I read quite recently which shows some relations between Basks (Spain/France) and Hutsul people (modern Ukraine/Romania, Carpathians). Which I find peculiar, but not that surprising, as mountains always preserve the gene-pool. Source: Haak W., Foster P., Bramanti B. et al. Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Years-Old Neolitic Sites // Science. - 2005. - № 10. - P. 1016-1018.
well as an Indian person we have rig veda which says that we have Battle of 10 clans
1.Indians
2.Persians(Parshwa)
(Both are Considered Aryan Ethnic Group)
*Basques.
Can you do a video about thracians or dacians?
ye
@@go6o92 Middle Persian 'Bagh', Russian 'Bog' are similar to the Sanskrit 'Bhág'
Fun fact, the city of Baghdad uses it as well, Baghdad literally means 'Gift of God' or 'Given by God'
Lithuanian 'Dievas', Latin 'Deus' are similar word to the Sanskrit 'Deva'
India might be one of the only country with it's Aryan heritage, tradition, language, culture, rituals, etc. still intact albeit we got mixed now
So not only from Iceland in west to parts of Xinjiang in China to the east, you need to add also from Russia in North to India in south we are distant cousins haha
Stay Very Indo-European!
@@topg2820 do you watch survive the jive? That guy does very indo-european videos.
@@go6o92 The only surviving Thracian language is Albanian. We know that because of close kinship with Romanian, a Romance language with a substratum that was pretty much akin with what we know as Albanian. Romanians are, mostly, latinised and slavicised Thracians. Albanians are not Illyrians, as they want to believe, due to linguistic issues. Ancestors of the Albanians are most likely Dacians from Dacia, the Northern branch of the Thracians, who lived mostly in modern day Romania. Descedents of ancient Illyrians are the Armenians, although they also descend from other Indo-European groups. We know that there was an Illyrian tribe in modern republic of Macedonia called the Bryges who migrated into Anatolia to become the Phrygians, who in turn migrated to Urartu and, mixing with the Urartrians, formed the Armenians.
@@go6o92 We can not deny that Bulgarians descend, themselves as well, from Thracians. But what you say about Bulgarian being the bridge between Romanian and Albanian ignores linguistics. There were studies conducted in several countries regarding the connection between Albanian and Romanian and it is pretty clear that it goes into Antiquity. There many features common between Albanian and Bulgarian, from the language core that are not found into Bulgarian or Serbian or Greek. Albanians were not formed were are they now, linguistics show us. If they were the old Illyrians, as they claim, they would have been mostly hellenised during the Hellenistic period and a small part would have been romanised. We see little to no Greek influence in Albanian. Also, we can trace their migration from what is now Romania through Serbia and Kosovo into modern day Albania via toponyms. Modern Romanian (not Aromanian, spoken into Macedonia, Albania and mostly Greece) indeed has a lot of Slavic influence, from the Slavic people who lived in Romania and were assimilated, but also from the time Romanians were part of the first Bulgarian Tzardom, when Medieval Bulgarian, aka Church Slavonic was adopted to fight the catholic expansion and keep Orthodoxy. Also, there is what is called a pan-Balkanic language union. Romanian, Albanian and Bulgarian were close to each other for a long time and they borrowed each other no just words, but also grammar structures. This is different from the origin of the languages, And Greek is defanatly not the bridge between Romanian and Albanian. This would be a statement like French is the bridge between English and Welsh. Greek in its core is not closely related to either Romanian, Albanian or Bulgarian. The closest language to Greek in that sense is Armenian, a descendent of Illyrian. It is now considered very likely that Ancient Greek and Ancient Illyrian were closely related, similar to Italian and Spanish today. The next language group to be related to Greek in its core, after Armenian, are the Germanic languages.
Beautiful explanation. Thank you. Need more of this.
Amazing amount of information there.
your consistent uploads got me shook. we stan a talented and educated king.
Learn more
Can you do a video about the Anatolians?
Ben Z Turks be like: ! 🇹🇷
Are you talking about the original pre Turkic anatolians
@Adab Doost hey stop conquering me, that's illegal!
Right I keep asking him to talk about the etruscans in Italy who were claimed to have come from ancient Anatolia . Btw I’m fully southern Italian and have 7 percent northern Turkish dna .. thought it was cool :)
Adab Doost, Turkish people carry alot of anatolian blood though.
honestlty this may be your best video to date for scholarship & confirming other guys current descriptions
Very interesting topic 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻! You have a soothing and reassuring narrator's voice.
Can u do black sea coast peoples phenotypes?
Thank you for this vid, Mason, I'm very interested in the old Bactrian and Kushan kingdoms, especially that they were so religiously diverse. They were very early Buddhists (the Bamiyan Buddhas are in the territory), and created a very interesting mixture of early Buddhism and Greek influence. This is most clearly seen in the Ghandaran art style, some of the first depictions of the Buddha in human form. Until then, he had only been depicted as symbols, not as a human man. I understand it's probably not likely you'll do so but I'd appreciate an episode on the religious diversity and vitality of this region and time period.
@BLUE DOG Good thing I'm American then.
BLUE DOG they have nothing to with India except religion. They were early Afghans. Indians as well modern Persians from Iran love to claim Afghan history as their own.
@@danyaltokhi6359 Not really....the separate Afghan identity only came about when the Turks (mostly) and Arabs (to a lesser extent) invaded the region and islamised/turkified the region. North east part of Afghanistan was always part of india during Indus valley and then vedic mahajanapads such as kamboja and gandhara. Even during Mauryan times, then invaders such as Persians, scythians, parthians, indo-greeks, Huns settled in the region and were indianised due to the already established indian population and culture in the area. Before islamised Turks from central Asia invaded the region, kingdoms such as kabul shahi and Hindu shahi were very much part of indian civilization. Afghan as a separate identity is maybe only 500 year old after Durrani came to power or if we want to be modest then 1200 year old. Afghans culturally and ethnically are a mix of Turks, Indians, scythians, Huns, indo Greeks.
@@fomoviews2642 You are lost. You need to read a book. Afghans have been around for a long time. Long before the modern nation state.
@@soccerabs22 Not really.....the history of your land is ancient but not you guys. Afghans only emerged after they were islamised by the invading Turks, you could say they are around 1000 years old.
This is the best video you have made yet and it has seriously answered some question Ihave had for a long time. I can't believe that a huge and historically significant chunk of the western eurasian peoples were just wiped out and in such a short time. It makes the current displacement of western eurasians in their own homelands due to mass immigration all the more ominous.
Thanks man for great videos 🙌
There's so much to learn. I'm in till I drop. I want the whole picture. Or as much is there as possible.
Masaman! Please do a series on ancient peoples based on archaeology and DNA. Ancient migrations!
Fascinating, full of information. Thank you
Amazing, bro! Keep up this highly informative work!
A vid about the people of Pitcairn would be fascinating. And why the island's population is decreasing
It's like a withering old west ghost town... but in the middle of the ocean.
I would like a video on that.
Reminds me of how Nauru was once perhaps the richest country in the world per capita (some 45-50 years ago) because of the phosphate boom, but its economy if not population has declined a lot since then.
Becuz waifu pillows like in japan
@@Masaman A video on Tristan de Cunha would be even better. Colonists, slaves, a Russian spy, a volcano, and inbreeding all play a role!
During the mongol empire the mongol armies also consists lot of jurchens also later known as manchurians and went on to conquered half of the world.
also most of the armies were turks and manchus along with other non han chinese.
Fascinating as ever Mason, top marks!
Great video! Please do one specifically on the Alans.
You mentioned Iranic speakers of the Central Asia, but I would like some video on specific groups, such as Sogdians for example. Or hell, what about Tocharians?
I would watch the hell out all that.
you should travel to Tajikistan to see them with your own eyes...
I wish I had back when I traveled. $$$ 😢
@Carpe DiemYes, that was very unfortunate incidence that only time happened to foreign tourists the perpetrators were severely punished, other wise the country is very safe to travel for visitors. Hope this will not prevent you from traveling to that part of the world.
@zolizar , Sogdians were mostly slaughtered by the Mongols. They spoke an Eastern Iranian language, probably where some of the isolated communities (Kohistani Tajiks) still exist, in Tajikistan, west China, and in Afghanistan; where the Pashtuns, the descendants of the another original Eastern-Iranian speaking Iranians reside.
Brilliant! Well done. Interesting to note the Circassians often seem to be separate.
You make great content, keep it up!
Very interesting video. I like learning about what happened to lost peoples of the past
The origin of the Huns is one of the great anthropoligical mysteries
As well as Mirmidones (Achilles' tribe)
@Viking Pride Definitely Turkic. With all the Chinese chronicles about Asian Huns (Xiongnu) and all the attested Turkic tribal names of European Hun tribes, you are kidding yourself to say Huns were not Turkic.
Don't know about Huns, but the Alans they allied with still live in the Caucasus today.
@@pantekinuyghur8645 There is no proof for the Xiongnu being the Huns, except chronological fit. Most probably they were different nations. The words we know from hunnic are not turkic. Drowing conclusions by names is stupid, since names are the most fluent part of languages. Turkic names csme with the common steppe culture, just like how hebrew names come with the common christian culture.
@@davidbence485 Drawing conclusion by names is "stupid"?? give me a break. You think Hun tribes call themselves with Turkic names for no reason?. Sarighur, Qutrighur, Onughur... These are Turkic names and these tribes are Turkic. I am not saying all Huns were Turkic. Of course as any other Nomadic empires, the Huns were confederation of different people, but the ruling clans were Turkic.
Can you make a video of all the cities founded by Alexander? I think he founded about 20 of them, most now have other names.
As always my good man excellent job
I was wondering about this, thanks!
We're still here y'all 40milion strong am Kurdish (Indo-iranian)
RIP Kurdistan
@Nile meds "
@@RockeerB you have nothing at all in common with the medes
@@testbravoyt3058 for thausands of years all the world denied Kurds but Kurds still here and growing…
We are the mother of all of you but all of you betrayed your mother… one day Kurds get thier country and all of you have to apology for all things you did against Kurds
The Pamiri are really interesting. Would love to see a separate video on them
I’m not sure there’s that much information on us regarding dna or ancient history as we are very isolated and our language was only spoken not written for majority of our history
@@Zee-yz1de do Pamiris have a proper language, as in is there a word for computer, democracy, feminism etc?
@@amazingamx1255 Pamir is a group of separate languages related to eastern Iranic languages like Pashto and Baloch. Yes there is a proper language for example, there is Wakhi, Sarikoli, Shugnoni. These languages are not really interchangeable and are very different. I am a Wakhi, and we don't have those specific words you mentioned as we have been isolated in the mountains with limited advancement but it is a proper separate language.
@@Zee-yz1de what are your thoughts on a Wakhi country. if you could redraw borders on the map to benefit Wakhis as much as possible, how would you draw them. do you believe Wakhi will go extinct soonÉ
@@amazingamx1255 Well a Wakhi Country sounds great however in reality it would just be a proxy for neighboring powerful countries, If the country did exist, it would include Taxkorgan, Dafdar from china, the southern part of Badakhshan from Tajikistan, Wakhan corridor from Afghanistan and the norther part of Gilgit-Baltistan. As the country would be landlocked with mostly mountainous terrain leaving little room for agriculture, small population and in a strategic location for trade, it would just be a colony for it's neighbors. I think a more realistic country would be Gilgit-Baltistan itself, with the addition of the Wakhan corridor for access to the rest of Central Asia. I think wakhi will survive this century however if we do not adapt to the modern world and make people interested in the language, it will fizzle out in the century after.
Great video ! Thank you !
Always interesting stuff (info).
to the chart at 0:41 you can also use "Ketveri" (masculine) instead of "Keturi" in lithuanian, or "Ketverios" ( to refer to feminine subjects), both mean 'four', Keturi/Keturios is just shorter and more commonly used. Others seems to be quite a bit closer to the proto balto slavic and proto-indo-european way of saying it.
Soo...Russian conquest of Siberia and Central Asia was actually an Indo-European reconquest...
I understand Central Asia because the Scythians, Proto Indo Ayrans, and Tocharians were there but what Indo-European peoples lived on the banks of Lake Baikal?
@@abdiganisugal825 Yeah, East Siberia was mongoloid.
Central Asia is belong to Turkic people and Siberia was never Indo European. Russians empire was just regular imperialistic evil empire.
And Northwest Siberia was Uralic
@@fakofakooglu7460 Who said that? The Anatolian Greco-Armenian Muslim convert claiming a Turkic origins?
This is def one of the better Masaman vids
Merci pour ton travail!!
In North India particularly among Punjabis (mostly Khatri, Kukhrain, Awan, Rajput, Arora, Arain, Jat Hindu/Sikh/Muslim) Dogra, Kashmiris, Gujjar and Pathans, the Steppe gene 🧬 makes up between 30-40% of their genetic structure.
That's interesting. It's strange how people think of South Asians as homogeneous
Masaman - yeah it’s interesting. South Asians are quite mixed. But basically (excepting Northeast India, Hazaras of Pakistan, Ladakhi of India and a few others), most people are Ancestral North India + Ancestral South Indian genetically. Although proportions varies from North to south.
Iranian genes are also quite common particularly in Gujarat, Sindh, Rajasthan and Balochistan. Also seen among Brahmins in South India.
One can spend their entire life researching on south Asian genepool.
@Hare Krishna
Racial tensions, never seen it in India though........
But religious tensions are quite visible.
@@user-hh9wd5go8y 💩 pashtun nasl e hindu ast
I'm from UP but my maternal grandfather had blue eyes and white skin to out it another way he was typical blue eyed English while looking men. I think whole of north India such as west UP, I stated you mentioned have sane genetic mixture.
The caucasian thing is actually just an interesting coincidence. Though, not quite a coincidence because there is a bit of a reason for it. Somebody was trying to define races, using skull shape as an important factor, and he saw some Georgian skulls that perfectly exemplified the skull shape of the race he was trying to define, so he called it caucasian.
@Siyovaxsh En-sipad-zid-ana 🤣🤣🤣You are funny,men!
Stalin was a jew!!! It surely was no beauty!
@@djprojectus Stalin wasn’t a Jew lmao he killed off the Jewish leadership of the communist party
@@SI-cd7xs He killed his opponents. Big difference.
@@djprojectus of which a disproportionate amount were Jews
@@SI-cd7xs So?The majority in the leadership were jews but they were killed because they were his opponents not because they were jews.
Love your work
Very good explanation!
Chad Indo-European herdsmen
Look up the chad pastoralist meme, lol
incel guptas converted them to hinduism
@barnoftheyard he is talking about scythians who are ancestors modern day jatts and some selective tribes of Rajputs and Gujjars
But the distinct ethinic group of Rajputs and Gujjars appeared only after fall of guptas
Rajputs and Gujjars more specifically are descendants of Hunnic Invaders
After scythians invaded established kinhdoms the Guptas more likely of Dravidian and very small Aryan origin emerged out of Patliputra and Started plundering conquering nearby buddist scythians and Indo greeks
All of these enslaved scythians started to follow vedic customs like fire worship intertwined with greek idolatary .(Giga incel guptas>chad scythians) . Then Huns invaded but Vikramaditya(Kumar Gupta) conquered and enslaved these huns who introduced Hunnic customs of animal sacrifices and inbreeding into religion of their overlord Guptas (which was manusmriti oriented Hinduism)
@barnoftheyard Hinduism started even before aryan invasion . Its just admixture of aryan vedas + old Dravidian customer (ayurveda+yoga+Shiva worshiping)+ Scythian practices+ Hunnic customs and A HELL LOT OF REFORMS
Btw I'm Athiest and Was born and raised in Hindu family
@barnoftheyard no vedas are indo European
But you see organised Hinduism is based on Vedas but the Chief Diety of Vedas Indra has no Temple in entire India . He is loathed upon. I don't know why and Small Demigods of Vedas and Non vedic Indo Iranian god Shiva are teremed as Trinity and are ultimate Gods
The people this man is talking about Are Scythians not Aryans who invaded and brought Vedas but way before thse Scythians who are mentioned in this video
I'm curious, have you ever mentioned _why_ you do these videos? Do you study this stuff in college, or do you just do this as a hobby because the subject interests you? Either way, I'm glad I found your channel, your videos are always super interesting.
Yes, he has mentioned how he got interested. He has Central Asian roots and started researching what was involved in that.
Thank you for video it is very interesting, i thought same way until saw this video.
This is definitely the most interesting channel on TH-cam
Central Asia and Caucasus are really beautiful people with unique features 🫂
What about a video on the paleolithic and mesolithic Europeans?
Yes please! I would like to know who were the peoples before Indo-Europeans, how they lived, what they looked like and how many different groups there were in the continent.
Wonderfully well done even by your own very high standards, my friend. Thanks!
excellent video
Bactrian is the most interesting, it would be great if you could cover it in detail please
Next video is gonna be crazy😂😂
lmfao it didnt make sense in persian but now that u typed in english I got it
Wow, what a well made clip!
Tartaria gets no mention nor
The Silk Road leading up to the Antikithera Mechanism, 300bc.
Would love to see them included in your tip top material.
Tartaria? Yeah sorry to burst the bubble… but that’s a crock of bologny
@@austin.hook-em before 1750 the Encyclopedia Brittanica covered Tartaria in depth but it appears by your comment that you have made up your mind and do not want to be distracted by the facts.
Is Graham Hancock on your nix list as well?
Congratulations on your channel.
@@Peter-er3cd I’m open to learning new things and being wrong, but… A globe spanning empire who every nation, despite their various hostilities and differences, agreed to cover up and “bury” the truth of?
If Tartaria did exist, their homeland seems to falls squarely within the broader steppe region which the Mongols called home. I find it hard to imagine that there was a nation Genghis Khan wasn’t eager to conquer at the drop of a hat.
@@austin.hook-em I identify with your reasoned point of view.
I start with the Great Silk Road and the Greeks deep into central Asia, the western maritime extension of the Silk Road by the Phoenicians, Levantines, the crearive innovations in financing and banking which leads to Venice, protected by the River Po estuary behind and open to the sea they had been controlling for milennia. From their, through their top council of Doges, (dukes) they set off northwards, Geneva, Ansterdam and London, with the East India Companies. The USA is a branch office for these guys.
The caliber of these people can not be over emphasized and they still run earth today.
Best to ya, Peter.
@@Peter-er3cdbefore 1750, it was customary to treat most diseases by bloodletting.
And it was considered science, medicine.
However, now you are unlikely to agree to such treatment.
Why do you cite as a scientific argument, it is not clear in what context the existing source, when such sciences were just emerging
Thank you! Please do a video on ethnic languages in Europe and the Middle East before the arrival of the Indo-Europeans
It's wrong to look at Scythians and Sarmatians as a homogenous group, it's like looking at the map of Turkic speaking steppe (which covered around the same area) and being impressed by it. Those Iranic speaking peoples were divided in many different tribes and clans, with different languages spoken troughout the steppe. It shouldn't be suprising, really. What's really suprising is the fact that the Turkic speakers managed to fully replace all of those Iranic speakers in very short ammount of time.
True. Very interesting how quick Iranic nomads adopted Turkic culture.
@@CodytheHun123 Again, it's the nature of the steppe. We, as a settled society, can't really grasp it - we tend to downplay the achievements of the nomads, view them as "inferior". But their history is very interesting. It's a history of struggle. As they have no permament settlements, it's far easier to totally replace some group (at least linguistically) than it would be in a agrarian society. Because they are nomadic, another group needs just to move in, either expell, kill or simply assimilate the current population.
Steppe was very turbulent troughout it's history. Those turbulences resulted in Hunnic and Mongol Empires, they gave us Magyars and Bulgars, events happening on the steppe resulted in downfall of many "civilized" societies.
@Arti Om In English, please? You're obviously trying to push some Turkic agenda, and accuse Masaman of some conspiracy, but what's the point, really? I've never understood those Pan-Turanists. What's the point of claiming everyone as Turkic or even Turkish? I've seen people being "proud" of the fact that Chengis Khan, Atilla and Tamerlane were all Turkic. Yeah, great, you guys had mass murderers as your ancestors, you must be very proud.
@@Vitalis94 you are wrong Hungarians and Bulgarians are not Nomadic peoples
@@ingnavar No, they aren't. Magyars and Bolghars defenitely were, though.
Can you do a video on the cro-Magno people before the migration of indo-Europeans into Europe
cooooool
Men were killed and Indo-Europeans married native women
excellent overview
very interesting video
Excellent research and presentation, keep up the good work. Go more deeper into each individual tribes of stepppies and last last surviving groups and make a separate video out of it. Also, Please another interesting topic is the origins of original Indians and Dravidians. Thanks
Can you do a video on the genetics of central and eastern Indians, like Biharis, Bengalis and Assamese? NE is known, South is known, N and NW is known, but I don't know much about the genetics of those regions.
Next video will cover East/Southeast Asian influence in South Asia.
Also the south of India...thanks
@@Masaman Thanks, I have always wondered why Bengalis and Biharis have such dark skin, like us in the South
James Thomas
Because Australoid genes peaks in them!
@@tselvaraj2305 Australoid dna buddy.
Good. I'm impressed by this video. Cimmerian 600-800 B.C. split from Schytian to perhaps Cimbrian 115 B.C. or Kimberene of Jutland-Denmark has the most profound interest to me, again because of their link to an earlier Viking beginning and the start of thy nobility in North Europe like later Galen and Hvide noteworthy descent around the year 1000-1100 century. With ongoing heirs to Gyldenstierne and forth to one of the oldest flags like Dannebrog in 1219 and the oldest monarchies still around.
Hallo Masaman. Very funny map, where did you get it from? What on earth made you think that Balts inhabited as far as Silesia? Great Films but you should improve on details like that. Greetings. Karl, Australia.
and in the end we are all related
@Brave Heart how?
Not realy..
@@miriam7779 There have literally been people who by now are an ancestor to all humans
@@beninwarrior4579 We all are humans. Whole world is one family. 🙏
Yet still racism exists! Yey
You should do a what on earth happened to the Gauls, where you speculate the Celtic heritage in modern western and Central Europeans, and cover the celts from the west theory, which I don’t think you mentioned in your celts video despite it being a popular new scholarly theory...
@LIVIU DRAGNEA celts aren't dead , my ancestors are from Ireland and wales , they have Celtic blood 😁🇺🇲🇺🇲they just became Germans and Irish and British .....
The Gauls were largely assimilated by the Romans. By the collapse of the Western Roman Empire the Gauls were then assimilated by a Germanic tribe known as the Franks. Cisalpine Gaul was also heavily assimilated by another Germanic tribe known as the Alamanii but a large number of native Italians by this time had DNA from the Gauls. The Celts had it worst of all...they were entirely assimilated by the Anglo-saxons and later Vikings...to the point where Celtic DNA is almost nonexistent in native British people.
Fascinating. It might have been better if it was somewhat slower-paced, as there is an enormous amount of information here.
This video tangled my brain. There's so much to learn! Scythians, Parthians, Huns, Dalmatians and Thracians are examples of peoples that are often mentioned in history that I can't ethnicly contextualise. I'll have to watch this video many times.
Dalmatians are a slavised Latins. Tall peoples.
The Parthians were closest to the Medes and Persians. Together they form the main 3 branches of the Iranians.