How to use Melodyne 5

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 ธ.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 374

  • @daniellesaux6152
    @daniellesaux6152 4 ปีที่แล้ว +278

    This reminds me of something I saw on Twitter: "Every time a singer wins a Grammy for vocalist of the year, there's an engineer somewhere laughing his butt off!" Great video Mike.

    • @miaox80
      @miaox80 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      I think it was about a certain POP queeen who won the Oscar

    • @flatmoontheory
      @flatmoontheory 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Hopefully on a beach in Cancun.

    • @cesar_m.p.
      @cesar_m.p. 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Laughing on his way to the bank I guess...

    • @Rajendra.subedi.555
      @Rajendra.subedi.555 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      And Just some days back I found a video where a guy just recorded mooing of some cows and aligned those audio pieces into a perfectly pitched tuneful melody of a hit song..

  • @kevinwilliams6006
    @kevinwilliams6006 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I just wanted to thank you becouse for months I sat on Melodyne because I couldn't figure out how to use the darn thing for vocals. The manual felt like standing in a ring with Mike Tyson in his prime. Other TH-camrs just werent giving me the info I was looking for. Then I found you...now I can make beautiful music

    • @amokopera
      @amokopera 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I haven't got to the beautiful music just yet but this video makes more sense than anything else I've seen or read. I've got it on a 30 day trial and tbh I was ready to say forget it as it's the least intuitive piece of software I've worked in for years. I'm still not there but with this video I'm much more likely to stump up the money now. If Celemony aren't paying you Mike they should! Thanks :)

  • @catsven1973
    @catsven1973 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Mike you're simply the most sympathetic and convivial and full of resources teacher of cakewalk in the world...i'm 48 and I'm using Sonar since 20 years...and I found you just the best...it always gives me a smile when I saw your intros... thanks

  • @kartikghai3542
    @kartikghai3542 3 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    The best video so far on Melodyne, no one talks about it in that much depth and specially with shortcuts. BTW I subscribed and liked before that sweet request of yours in the video :D Love your content :)

    • @CreativeSauce
      @CreativeSauce  3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Glad to hear it's useful! Thank you :)

  • @IanHolwood
    @IanHolwood 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Awesome video explaining the tool. It’s my favorite song/melody writing tool. I usually like to write lyrics then freestyle/jam the melody, sing and record out a vocal sketch, do extreme editing so it’s perfect (perfect to my taste obviously), then to fix that mechanical/processed/inhuman sound, I just sing along with my melodyne edited version, then mute the edit. It works wonders for me. I sing/scream heavy metal, and this method allows for less takes and more effective performances. Thank for the video!

  • @mincentprice1041
    @mincentprice1041 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I have been obsessed with programming drums, vocals and producing since I downloaded Cakewalk. It's been the best part of my retired life and your videos have been a huge part of my progress Cheers!!

  • @patrickrowe6745
    @patrickrowe6745 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    This must be the best tutorial on melodyne. I'm ready an expert form your teaching sir after a second watch

  • @brucedelaney9606
    @brucedelaney9606 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you thank you thank you so much. I’ve watched this video maybe eight times already. And I already have to go back again.
    You just took the questions we had an answered them. Instead of someone going off on a tangent about what they know and not answering any questions effectively

  • @randyarbogast2716
    @randyarbogast2716 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Mike, your tutorials are very helpful and you are easy to understand, you are a gifted teacher. Thank you for helping me to be more polished in my music creation. Keep up the good work!

  • @MentalS6k
    @MentalS6k 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Clear, concise & extremely well paced & balanced video. The best video I’ve seen in years on plug-in tech.
    Congratulations Mike 👏🏾☺️

  • @bigmactuna
    @bigmactuna 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Just bought Melodyne 5 Assistant and this was enormously helpful. Very practical demonstration of features and application of tools. Recommended!

    • @CreativeSauce
      @CreativeSauce  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Awesome, glad you found it helpful. Happy new year!

  • @simonwilliams7608
    @simonwilliams7608 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nicely explained. Very clear without over-simplifying.
    I've played around with Melodyne on and off over the last few years, so I'm fairly familiar with the basics that you cover here, but I still found it useful to hear your approach, and you definitely helped clarify a few things for me. Thanks for that!

  • @stevenknoblauch250
    @stevenknoblauch250 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am only Steve's tech guy but had to say.. you could make someone completely oblivious to this program understand it. yes, I meant me. Thank you and keep them coming.

  • @wesr6022
    @wesr6022 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This video and explanation was awesome. I bought Melodyne about a month ago and struggled with it. In your short video, I now better understand what I am doing. Thanks!

  • @layth2627
    @layth2627 3 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    Mike you have a gift for teaching, clear concise and easy to listen to! I just purchased Melodyne 5 studio for use inside Studio one 5 and this was very helpful. Keep em coming!

  • @foxbonesmulder
    @foxbonesmulder 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Of all the tutorials touting knowledge for Melodyne 5 Essential, yours is the first I've found that actually tells me how to get the track in using transfer.
    Thank you sir

  • @SouLahtheLegend
    @SouLahtheLegend 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I just got Melodyne Editor on a black friday special. I'm sooo excited to start using it. My voice has a lot of nuances and auto has not been effective in achieving the sound I want. This will be a game changer for me. Thanks for the awesome video. I am now a subscriber!!!

  • @markkeklikian1765
    @markkeklikian1765 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks!

  • @steverussell2762
    @steverussell2762 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    By far the best Melodyne tutorial video I’ve seen . Very informative ,clear and concise .
    I learned more from this video than the total amount of information I received from the previous Five videos I watched . I wish I had come here first . This man knows HOW to Teach

  • @loubennett9849
    @loubennett9849 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Mike. Went out on a limb yesterday and bought Melodyne 5 after watching your tutorial. Love it! Thanks.

  • @BeatsShay
    @BeatsShay 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Literally stressed from using Flex Pitch from Logic. The layout is so user friendly but its god tier awful and incapable of working properly with other 3rd party plugins. ive had melodyne for a while but was intimidated. This video is a gem, using it is pretty simple thanks to this guy! And so far Melodyne works quite well too.

    • @zoemoskal9700
      @zoemoskal9700 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I’m the same with coming from flex pitch in logic! I agree - layout and interface etc is so intuitive but honestly it adds weird frequencies and strange glitchy sounds and just this overall processed sound that I’m not a fan of. Then sometimes it will literally mess up the audio file permanently and I can’t even undo it!! Nightmare! Did you find this? Finally taken the plunge and gone from that to melodyne assistant. Less user friendly but I can tell the huge difference in quality of the audio and it’s great not to have the fear of it effing up the audio file!

  • @alraebuck
    @alraebuck 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    This is the most useful, straight ahead and useful demo I have seen so far. Thank you, I will be referring back to this and taking notes next time!

  • @swiftigoth
    @swiftigoth ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Instant Sub! Such a great educator, you've a skill you've obviously refined through the years. Thank you for this. Can't wait to have some vacation days off work to dive into your other videos on CakeWalk and other essential tips.

  • @howiecampbellmusic
    @howiecampbellmusic ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for this excellent treatment of Melodyne. You make it easy to understand and I really appreciate it.

  • @49Macman
    @49Macman 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Man! This video tutorial is simply the best on Melodyne! Thank You so much!

  • @joycehub
    @joycehub 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you so much for making this video! very helpful

  • @paulhaullussy8662
    @paulhaullussy8662 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Melodyne 4 was already great, Melodyne 5 is super! I use Melodyne 5 Assistant.

    • @CreativeSauce
      @CreativeSauce  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      A great version Paul, has most of the best stuff :)

    • @paulhaullussy8662
      @paulhaullussy8662 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@CreativeSauce Yes, for me it has the highest value for the money. And for what it offers, it is worth every cent!

  • @veesoho93
    @veesoho93 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    you are the very best, thank you for being so thorough clear and precise, you also never leave details behind wich is crutial when you re following instructions and you don t know what you re doing !

  • @jamesb5901
    @jamesb5901 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Mike. This video got me started with Melodyne quickly and efficiently. Love your channel.

  • @JansleyMusic
    @JansleyMusic 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is definitively the BEST crash course on how to use all the features of melodyne. Thank you!

  • @blackiewheeler4706
    @blackiewheeler4706 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks Mike for this insight. I recently had a new computer built and installed Melodyne 5 and I needed this information to get working again. I was using a very old version for years and this gave me the insight of what is happening within Melodyne 5. I was working with Windows 7 with 8 gigs of RAM using Cakewalk Platinum. Now I am working with Windows 10 and Cakewalk by Bandlab with 64 gigs of RAM so things are running much smoother and faster now with plenty of room for creativity. Thanks again !

    • @CreativeSauce
      @CreativeSauce  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Wow! That's a huge upgrade! Congratulations:)

    • @blackiewheeler4706
      @blackiewheeler4706 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@CreativeSauce Thanks ! I feel like I am no longer limited in what I can create now. 8 gigs didn't go very far.

  • @uniquetruth2097
    @uniquetruth2097 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    from what i Understood so far i can say Melodyne is better than Autotune for so many reasons one of which is that it does not make a robotic sounding voice. One thing which i find very good so far is when the singing is done with melodyne , that one can now sing along again and after some runs to get in snap with the melodyned track, we can produce a second vocal track with perfect hit on the notes. i tried this with autotune but with very less effect but with melodyne i can see that happen. Thank you so much for all these videos Mike you have no idea how helpful they have been for me .....please make more and more and more videos . You have that kind of ability to teach and i did learn alot. Thanx

  • @ReganKeely
    @ReganKeely ปีที่แล้ว

    I love this, thank you. I agree you don't want to correct the whole song in most cases it feels like it really takes the soul out of the music.

  • @johnford3825
    @johnford3825 4 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    Really good explanation Mike. Learn’t a lot today.

  • @petersilver4294
    @petersilver4294 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Another great video Mike. Opens up a whole new realm of editing. I feel like Dorothy exiting the B&W house into a world of technicolor.

  • @marwanreyad9018
    @marwanreyad9018 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hands down one of the best introductory beginner videos to Melodyne. Thank you Sir.

  • @jacquesboileau6087
    @jacquesboileau6087 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I knew Australia was completly upside down from Canada! You see horizontal lines where we see vertical ones! (3:57) :-) Seriously, I just upgraded from essential to assistant as was suggested in your other video and this one was helpful at just the right time. Thanks!

    • @CreativeSauce
      @CreativeSauce  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Lol, honestly it look me until about 30 to know my left from right! I knew I'd got something wrong!!! Glad it was helpful my friend, always a pleasure to see you in the comments :)

  • @sigma_z
    @sigma_z 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bro, this video is so good and clear and not a second of waffle. Wow and thank you

  • @boonkeys719
    @boonkeys719 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm in love with Melodyne......thanks Mike

  • @DevinJuularValentine
    @DevinJuularValentine 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Binging your videos at the moment. So helpful, you're a good teacher

  • @kayve214
    @kayve214 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are the best Mike! As always!

  • @FifteenFrequent
    @FifteenFrequent 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks for another good video Mike. I just wanted to mention that like the amplitude tools, the pitch tools you were using are also only available from the assistant version and above. You just get the first tool with essential.

  • @chamrongzanouk
    @chamrongzanouk 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    What a good shared. Thank you so much!

  • @Irfan-qr6kp
    @Irfan-qr6kp 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I thank you from the bottom of my heart for taking your time sir!!

  • @athomesongwriting
    @athomesongwriting 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is ULTRA helpful. I am new to this tool, and this is exactly what I needed.

  • @donnythompson408
    @donnythompson408 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I found this to be a very good video for the introductory basics of Melodyne, (and believe it or not, finding Melodyne tutorials on TH-cam as useful as yours has NOT been all that easy).
    I’m by no means well-versed in Melodyne, and up until now, I’ve just sorta jumped in and have been winging it, mainly using the method of selecting/highlighting entire ranges of vocal sections, and using the general pitch/drift function to “correct” everything in blanket fashion…
    But in using this quick method, there have been many times that some of the notes are moved to incorrect note positions, (even with the correct key signature), resulting in slightly pitchy notes then sounding REALLY flat or sharp…
    Watching your video, and learning that I can select and adjust the pitch and drift of individual notes, is a really helpful bit of info.
    And, the note-split function has always confused me - until now, where you’ve given a great description of how this function can be used.
    And, I think you’re absolutely right in suggesting that not all notes will necessitate being “corrected”; and allowing for some drift in certain notes keeps the vocal sounding natural.
    I’ve made the mistake of correcting notes to the point where they then SOUND corrected, and I think that for some performances, hearing the correction itself can be even more distracting than just leaving the note a bit pitchy.
    It’s all relative, of course, and how things will sound when listened to in the overall context of the song…
    Anyhooo…
    Thanks for posting this very good video.
    🙏

  • @TheBinaryWolf
    @TheBinaryWolf ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the excellent tutorial. Your clear and concise presentation has motivated me to invest in the program.

  • @BrienDunn
    @BrienDunn 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent explanation as usual. You rock.

  • @CourtneyOdomMusic
    @CourtneyOdomMusic 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    very well done. I learned what I needed to know to get started with Melodyne

  • @marcelhufnagel3555
    @marcelhufnagel3555 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This was a very usefull video for me. I have melodyne 5 Studio for3a while now but i was never able to use it in the right way. So Thanks for that!!!!!

  • @Unsqeakable
    @Unsqeakable 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    That intro was unexpected. WOW!

  • @CoolMetal
    @CoolMetal 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I just upgraded to Assistant and this was SUPER useful! Great video! 🤘🏻

  • @TheAdyyoung2000
    @TheAdyyoung2000 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really good video. Just installed Melodyne. This gets me going really quickly.

  • @711tmuss
    @711tmuss 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you! Thank you! Been learning this on my own for a few months...but not too well. Your demonstration opens up the world for me. Position of the mouse changing what it does...I had no idea. Short cuts....awesome. Thanks so much. I love to find a video from you when I need to learn something (working in Studio One).

  • @kdhansome
    @kdhansome 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks for the video. I had no idea how to zoom in.

  • @hannahbackward
    @hannahbackward 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi! Excellent tips. Most important thing I learned about using Melodyne is don't ever let it do the work for you, always rely on your ears. It's a great tool and I was intimidated to start out but you showed precisely experimentation is your friend. I am confused by one thing and it's not from your video but online I see a lot of producers saying first they doctor the vocals in Melodyne and then use Autotune. Do you know why they would need to or want to do that? If you can remove all the variation of a note in Melodyne and make it a straight line pitch isn't that exactly what Autotune does? It seems Autotune would ruin all the work you did in Melodyne. Anyway your video made me totally ready to play around with it today on a rough vocal just to experiment and practice. Thank you!

  • @martynroach182
    @martynroach182 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great tutorial Mike, many thanks. Melodyne is a massive programme and daunting at first, then it turns into a great friend!

  • @zoneonemusic
    @zoneonemusic 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I've been using cakewalk since the dos days and feel like I've learned a ton from you in the last few weeks watching your videos. Thanks Mike.

  • @JanPouska
    @JanPouska 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you Mike for this tutorial! It's useful for Melodyne 4 too! I knew already about some of these functions, but your explanation is really great!
    The only thing I haven't leart yet is, what is the Formant tool for.

  • @badspike3963
    @badspike3963 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Finally got to watch this today! Great tutorial Mike! Your TH-cam videos are greatly appreciated!

  • @davidharpersongs
    @davidharpersongs 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really nice. I finally understand some of these shortcuts and menu options

  • @brianhardcastle5373
    @brianhardcastle5373 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best video on Melodyne. I’ve seen! Thanks

  • @TheOptionmentor
    @TheOptionmentor 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Clear, excellent teaching as usual. Thanks Mike

  • @ThePhiCode
    @ThePhiCode 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much! This is the best video explaining Melodyne, thank you so much

  • @alite502
    @alite502 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video for those new. Definitely recommend

  • @elijahaaron
    @elijahaaron ปีที่แล้ว

    This is so helpful! Thank you!

  • @ReubenWalton
    @ReubenWalton 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Are the keyboard shortcuts the same in Logic?

  • @matthewgreer893
    @matthewgreer893 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome! I had no idea about the volume/sibilant edit function - I use a lot of vocal riding/automation in pro tools and it clutters up quick. So excited for this, great tutorial!

  • @CalFritz
    @CalFritz ปีที่แล้ว

    Wonderful Info and Teacher. Bro you rock! Much better than Celemony!

  • @alicegiupponi2616
    @alicegiupponi2616 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I checked - everything is clean

  • @jimfogle184
    @jimfogle184 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great tutorial Mike! The presentation was well thought out.
    I very much appreciate you informing what tools are available in each version. I have Essential and am finding it more than meets my needs. It is nice to get a glimpse of what I'm missing though. :)
    It was also interesting to learn which DAW platforms include ARA integration. ARA enables a DAW and Melodyne to seamlessly operate as one product; now that is real magic!

    • @CreativeSauce
      @CreativeSauce  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yes indeed Jim, I think the essential version lives up to its name for sure. Yes, Pro Tools still catching up with Cakewalk on this ARA stuff!

    • @ELLIOT8209
      @ELLIOT8209 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@CreativeSauce what version are you using in this video?

  • @vewilli
    @vewilli 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This video is of great help to me. It covers only few aspects of the app, but those very well. 👍🏻👏🏻

  • @ManInTheAttic57
    @ManInTheAttic57 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Best run through I've seen Mike!! Thanks.

  • @GladyMeCreativity
    @GladyMeCreativity ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent demo! Thanks!

  • @Gipeamusic
    @Gipeamusic ปีที่แล้ว

    Merci beaucoup, c'est très clair ! Very helpfull !

  • @reginaldworthington7558
    @reginaldworthington7558 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great job here showing use of all the tools Mike. Having my first go with Melodyne and was pleased to find you’d done a vid on it as you always have a clear and concise way of explaining things. Cheers.

  • @Martin_Andersen
    @Martin_Andersen ปีที่แล้ว

    Great thanks to you! Very informative video👍

  • @raulferreres903
    @raulferreres903 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Installed, everything works, thanks!

  • @Andrew-yt6pf
    @Andrew-yt6pf 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    What a cool tool!...and great tutorial. Thanks :-)

  • @Bigstarvideos
    @Bigstarvideos 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great tutorial on Melodyne. The best one I’ve come across yet! Thank you.

  • @Irfan-qr6kp
    @Irfan-qr6kp 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing video. Great explanation!!

  • @MrJNiko.
    @MrJNiko. 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    BROTHER, YOU ARE THE BEST!!! You oooh really helped me!! THANK YOU VERY

  • @danitoukorbi9212
    @danitoukorbi9212 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Clear explanations, thank you so much.

  • @nerolifong1824
    @nerolifong1824 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Love your video, very useful

  • @stevepaine8731
    @stevepaine8731 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent Video, really de-mystified the process - Thanks so much!

  • @RidiculousFlightSimmers
    @RidiculousFlightSimmers 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great video, I just purchased Melodyne 5 this past weekend... But just the essential version, the version is a little limited but perfect for my needs. I may upgrade to the Assistant in the future. Thanks for the great info as always!

    • @CreativeSauce
      @CreativeSauce  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Honestly, essentially really takes care of core task very well though :)

    • @RidiculousFlightSimmers
      @RidiculousFlightSimmers 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@CreativeSauce I agree, so far it's covered everything I need.... I had the trial version with everything unlocked but that expired and I was worried the essential version would be too limited without some of the tools, but it's not... It's great for a home studio guy like me. Very happy to own it now that I bought it.

  • @brendanmillssaxophonist5497
    @brendanmillssaxophonist5497 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Fantastic video - really helpful ! Thanks

  • @frankjkelly6987
    @frankjkelly6987 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I had dozens of "NOW I get it!" moments. (This, after watching other, lengthier videos, learning absolutely nothing and ready to pass on Melodyne.) Ring that bell for Mike!

  • @hastonmclaren3319
    @hastonmclaren3319 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very clear and concise tutorial. Thanks!

  • @cobusprinsloo
    @cobusprinsloo 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you, this was very helpful! What an amazing program. Just a shame it’s so expensive.

  • @timspencer1
    @timspencer1 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video. Been using Melodyne for a long time and found this really useful!

  • @axetrac10
    @axetrac10 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    An excellent video. Thank you so much!

  • @markkeklikian1765
    @markkeklikian1765 ปีที่แล้ว

    You do really fine tutorials, very helpful Mike Thank you!

  • @michaela2776
    @michaela2776 ปีที่แล้ว

    One of the best tutorial

  • @TechnoShamanism
    @TechnoShamanism 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for this tutorial, very helpful indeed.

  • @allaboutbookbinding8339
    @allaboutbookbinding8339 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent tutorial. Thank you, Mike!

  • @jayeisibonmambo4224
    @jayeisibonmambo4224 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    very useful.. from spain-- thanks a lot..

  • @darkerthanyou6384
    @darkerthanyou6384 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great training. Thank you.

  • @stevewatkins5659
    @stevewatkins5659 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very well presented and helpful video Mike much appreciated

  • @RendyMaj1
    @RendyMaj1 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    What an awsome tools. I really want to buy one of this software. It is a mix of how we precise our skills.