Flat Earth Theory - How Was It Debunked 2,000 Years Ago?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 4 ม.ค. 2025
- A history documentary on the Flat Earth Theory and how Flat Earthers were debunked over 2,000 years ago. Go to squarespace.co... to get a free trial and 10% off your first purchase.
The video takes a look at what people in the past thought about the shape of the earth. Here is an outline of the major topics:
1. Early Flat Earth Models - What did people from our earliest civilizations like the Sumerians and Babylonians think of the shape of the earth and of cosmology.
2. Simple Observations of a Round Earth - An overview of common ways that common people could clue in to the real shape of the earth.
3. Greeks and a Round Earth - The successions of ancient Greek philosophers who debunked the flat earth model and built up consensus around the round earth view.
4. Details of a Round Earth - The brilliant experiment of Eratosthenes which used the angles of shadows to calculate the circumference of the earth.
5. The Round Earth Prevails - How the belief of the Round Earth came to be the commonly accepted view of the world 2000 years ago.
Credits
Research: Invicta
Script: Invicta
Art: Invicta
Editing: Invicta
Music: 8th Mode Music, Total War: Rome II OST
#Science
#History
I absolutely love covering topics like this where we explore how people in the past came to a better understanding of our world. Their often ingenious methods are quite amazing! If you haven't already, definitely check out our previous episodes on how people told time (th-cam.com/video/EF5VyyQN38Q/w-d-xo.html) and how they navigated the world (th-cam.com/video/1W7zgA1koGg/w-d-xo.html).
Good Video..
Respect
One that might be of interest to you is how the ancient Romans utilized maggots for healing wounds. there's been a resurgence in this in the medical community for the past few years.
One thing I've been having trouble finding in my research is how the ancient Romans eliminated the maggots when they were no longer useful.
My only request is that you add how other societies came to the same conclusion independently. We know that the Han Dynasty understood the world was round but I'm not sure that we know exactly why they came to that conclusion. Similar conclusions Were Made in India and Persia although the latter may have been influenced by the Hellenic world. In short the Eurasian people of all kinds came to this conclusion in somewhat separate ways at about the same time.
@@AzyrealLal I definitely plan on covering ancient medicine as its super interesting to see what they managed to pull off
We're going to get a lot more of this weird random nonsense. I am sure that this is going to get the Flerfs out in force.
If earth is flat, we can just flip it over and boom - no more global warming. Repeat process once a side warms up.
Nah, if the earth had been flat, the cats would have pushed everything else over the edge millenia ago...
Wouldn't the water fall off tho?
Simon WoodburyForget I know you’re being sarcastic but I can’t help myself. The water on earth recycles itself over and over in a never ending cycle of evaporation and rainfall. Well it’s never ending until we run out of water.
@@SimonWoodburyForget Soo, A Circle?
@@SimonWoodburyForget nice one, im gonna steal that one :) thx
Just one up them.
“You know the earth is flat?”
“You believe in the earth?”
As the philosopher Logan Paul once said...
Flat Earther: "The Earth is flat!"
Matrix Kid: "There is no Earth."
Flat Earther: (stunned silence)
👌
@@RealmsandRealms. Three words to debunk your whole diatribe.... South Celestial Pole. Bye.
Playing mind games with a flat Earther is like playing chess with a pigeon.
The ancients were so damn smart. Here I am struggling in college while men 4000 years ago figured out the size of the planet with 2 sticks. I cant even figure out how to cook Mac N Cheese.
Well, this wasn't just some simple dude, but one of the smartest minds of his time.
greeks weren't the ancients, tartarians were 200 years ago - research mud flood (crowhouse, UAP, JonLevi, Barnabas Nagy, Gerry Topper, Jayson, Richard Lopez)
Reading may help that lol
Zero11s Mud flood? Really? Come on man you’re smarter than that.
@@Zero11s pictures of construction sites from the 1800s is not proof of a lost civilization being destroyed by a global mudslide.
I asked a flat-earther to play basketball the other day. He brought a frisbee.
😆
I don't wanna ruin the likes :
@Angel Anthony Rosariook imma like now
Great!😂🤣
Where's Your BB?
Knowing flat-earthers, they'll probably just argue that Pythagoras and Erastothenes were NASA shills.
:) for sure they are involved in a Illuminati conspiracy
Actually, flat earthers are likely NASA shills.
It's like creating a strawman to make yourself look good in comparison.
Like chris johnson here most flat earthers will just deny deny deny any facts you throw at them. They are a delusional bunch who love to feel superior to all others by subscribing to a theory of “hidden knowledge”, “you’re being lied to but I know the truth”.
It’s all absolutely vomit inducing if you let them get to you.
@@ZackWolfMusic prove it
Or that round-Earth is just another sign of imperialism and opression, already pioneered by the Roman Empire.
"History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce."
-Groucho Marx
Quoted from Karl Marx in his essay Eighteenth Brumaire
history doesn't repeat itself, but it sure does rhyme
history is a bunch of lies
"History" repeats itself because the same assholes running things makes it happen that way.
And contrary to popular belief, in late medieval Europe, the round Earth model was widespread, as scholars were well-read in ancient authors and knew their views well.
Hell, Columbus wanted to use this very model in his idea to getting to India by going westwards long enough.
What he didn't know is that Earth was quite a bit larger than he expected, and that there layed a continent inbetween...
It was also wide spread in the early Middle Ages, as we have numerous letters since early 8th discussing if life can exist in the Southern Hemisphere (the majority believed that the Ecuator was too hot to cross to the other side).
@@nachoolo can you imagine if that was true and two separate societies advanced on both sides of the equator.
@@nachoolo maybe it was widespread in Europe, but there are 13c Chinese maps outlining the African coast showing major port cities.
@@nachoolo Yeah Columbus underestimated the size of the Earth, probably accepting lower estimates so he could justify his expedition to the Spanish crown. Fortunately or him, and unfortunately for the Native Americans, there was an unkown continent close enough for him to reach.
He actually thought the earth was extremely tiny, shaped like a pear
So, to sum this up, people from 2000 years ago who didn’t enjoy the benefits of today’s science were still smarter than a Flat Earther.
2000 years ago, they didnt eat processed foods, florid in water, and stupid people didnt procreate as rapidly as today. Notice how inventions slowed down drastically after the 60's. Bam flattards brains exploding everywhere.
Al Rath facts mate ppl know are just stupid decieved programmed and dumbed down
Yeah, you got it lol
@Chris Perkins We have telescopes that can see billions of light years into space, but you flat earthtards cannot prove your point by creating a telescope that can see from NYC to San Francisco by standing on the top of the Empire State Building? Go ahead, try you dumbass.
@James East
I'm not in the US, most flat earthers are.
America has the largest population of uneducated stupid gullible people.
Still waiting for that famous picture from edge of the earth... Oh forgot NASA & UN boats are patrolling the ocean, silly me.
Beware of the armor clad penguins armed to the beaks with laser guns and onions. Why onions? I don't know. They're of kind of spherical shape.
@@cdee45 MK was being sarcastic, you knobhead.
to be fair. These days you can never tell. orange DP up there could also be sarcastic.
@@cdee45 that's sarcasm dude
THey don't have to watch the edge because really nobody go that far away.
If the earth is flat then explain how my life is going downhill
If you have been to Norway, you would know that whatever shape the earth have, it is definitely not flat.
coz aint you heard ? - that's how shit flows - LOLs - yea Im jus kiddin - normally i don't say that to cat luvers - only to shidiots i don't like :-0 + wow nobody had any spare time to think of that yet ? - yea it is bumpy too
U started at the top and wat is up goes down
it's because of atmospheric disturbance!!!
If you're serious, please don't try to do this by yourself. I'll be here to support you if you need it.
"Look at all this facts!"
Flat earth believer- "yelling!"
"Why can't you people be normal!"
Flat earth believer- "inaudible screeching!"
"For the love of all that is Holy, just accept the Truth!"
Flat Earth Believer: "LOUD NOISES!!!!"
ignorant assumptions aren't facts
@@Zero11s but such "assumptions have been proven time and time again.
@@gre3nishsinx0Rgold4 if they were proven there would be measurable curvature but there is none, water lays flat and lasers are leveled with water
@@Zero11s you're either a troll or a comment goblin..
I had an argument with a flat earther. He said he’d walk until he found the edge of the Earth to prove his point.
He’ll be coming around soon.
Literally any credible source: the earth is a globe.
Flat earthers: Na uh, I saw a video that proves earth is flat once.
B-bbut, Eric dubay told mee..
Now we saw a video too. Yeah!
Always Coping who told you that earth is round? Oh the school told me 😫😫😫😂,
Biggest prove that earth is flat is that the seas and oceans are levelled and still, how can gravity attract water!? That’s bullshit man ,,,use your fucking common sense
@@longlive149 the seas are anything but level and still moron. 🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️
Is that a Total War soundtrack I hear in the background? I see you have not forgotten your roots my son
Isn't that in every one of his videos?
@Scotty Storm Your inability to understand what you are reading is not evidence to support you. Just conveniently ignore the sections that cover the globe, rotation of the earth, and gravity. It's part of a problem solving process that you clearly do not comprehend. You read your little part and assumed it supported you when in fact if you actually understand the article and read it in full it destroys flat earth. In the meantime you can't even provide a functioning FE map or model, functioning FE flight plan, or a measurement to support a FE. Those things would be easy to provide if the earth was indeed flat. In the meantime all the globe maps and model line up with the real world just fine. Same with flight plans and measurements. But hey thanks for showing everyone reading this the dishonesty, willful ignorance, and confirmation bias of flat earthers. Thanks for another easy win for the globe kiddo.
Tom DuMond which segment of the Rome ost is that? I mean the name of that specific track. I can't find it 😣
Thanks
@@Shervin86 It's from Rome 2, I believe, the flute gives it away. I'm not sure exactly which track it is, but I think one of the 4 seasons
th-cam.com/video/EkErIujLNWc/w-d-xo.html
Nicolas De Raedt thank you so much. I had searched all of Rome II music... maybe I skipped it or now I'm doubting myself for making some other mistake hahaha
Anyway thank you, much appreciated!
Brain flat not earth
Emilio Fernandez BIG BRAIN
@@Benzy670 ah pewdiepie viewer i see
Dr Whiskey Tango got me 😂
Smooth brains. Got to polish all of those wrinkles out!
I'm too high for this comment
Flat Earthers - proof that you can be so open-minded that your brain falls out.
They must have not heed James Randi warning...
Well, personally I wouldn't describe holding on to a belief and discarding all evidence against it as being open minded. That seems like quite the opposite.
@@sencreations1856 Nor would I, it's just a joke.
We didn't evolve from monkeys on a non consistent cartoon ball seeing the same stars and constellations since the dawn of man where sea level is sea level for a reason where the north star is stationary. Horizon comes from horizontal a straight line. Not including the false equation for curvature eight inches per mile squared doesn't fit into the 25000 mile circumference.
@@gravefrightn5720 we didn't evolve from apes, it was an animal that wasn't an ape or human which then split off to evolve into said animals. In the distance and time of the universe 4000 years and 66000mph is nothing, the word horizon came first not horizontal, 8" per mile squared works only for short distances and not the whole circumference. Read some books not the internet.
TFW you're less advanced than people 2,000 years ago...
tbh most of us actually still are, definitely philosophical wise
@@caiawlodarski5339 @McOinky is correct, even tho most of us can read and write, we are totally illiterate in philosophy
@@caiawlodarski5339 Intelligence hasn't changed much in a few thousand years (too short of a time span, evolutionary speaking). What has changed is the level of education and collectively gathered knowledge. So you can safely say we're more knowledgeable.
And @OP: There have always been countless idiots and there always will be countless idiots roaming the world. No matter how hard we try to convince them. And no matter how advanced the society is. It's just the normal distribution of everything in nature.
@@saradavis6581 Because the average person was literate in philosophy? They weren't even literate at all, let alone in philosophy.
And I hardly see how being illiterate in Philosophy makes you unintelligent. I have never opened a Philosophical book and I like to think of myself as not being completely dumb.
Less knowledgeable you mean, my niece can operate many advanced bits and bobs of technology that say Eratosthenes would have to be taught how to use, but with the knowledge he did have he would be able to run circles around most of us even today.
Roman emperors displayed the world as an orb in their hands, enuff said.
And they were all clearly insane pedophiles like most leaders today.
@@IronHorse1722 I legitimately can't tell if your channel is satire or if you're really that crazy and attention seeking.
Yet the bible they used then and now is full of illustrations talking about a flat Earth.
@@xTROLLINGx Well, you try and think clearly while running through the desert at 50 °C in the shade. The abrahamic religions clearly suffer from being invented in a hot climate at a time before people had proper air-conditioning.
@@xTROLLINGx well imagine that. . . the bibles they believed were true said the earth was flat, and they talked about it as if it were flat. Nuff said . . . now bring forth any evidence they knew what hell they was talking about and are correct in their assertions
Actually, we all live on the back of a giant turtle.
That rises even more fundamental question: th-cam.com/video/9HTzxYx_QQc/w-d-xo.html
IT'S TURTLES ALL THE WAY DOWN!
Actually our disc world is on the back of four giant elephants who are in turn standing on the back of a giant celestial turtle. 😁👍
Apsolutno
A lion turtle?
Invicta: *invites flat earthers to engage in rich historical debate*
Flat earthers: *AUTISTIC SCREECHING*
They are all glowies.
Flat earthers punching the air rn
@Zach Arbogast WOKE
@Zach Arbogast you mean the DMT Clockwork Elves lmao
@Zach Arbogast invitca is just shilling for views.
@A. David Ever we didn't go to the Moon
@Zach Arbogast PREACH JEHOVA GOD HAS OPENED THY EYES
This comment section is going to be fun.
Not as fun as receiving that huge check from NASA
@@InvictaHistory I guess I can cancel that Patreon Pledge huh?
Apparently they are too cowardly to even comment, and are just disliking it.
@@elsasslotharingen7507 just wait, they are in a brainstorming
The people who are ‘flat earther’ are people wanting to make a joke but don’t realise it wasn’t funny but annoying and repetitive. I can’t people in social media with terrible jokes got away while films with terrible comedy got punished (Granted, the films deserved it).
8:28, that's not the Earth, that's an artist projection of what Mars would like with an Earth-like atmosphere and ocean. You can see Vallis Marineris in the middle of the sphere. That being said, great video!
Oh wow didn't know that. I actually specifically grabbed it because it didnt look quite earth like to fit with people in antiquity being unaware
I knew that looked familiar!
Wait...you are saying that Mars is not a octagon?
Lets go terraform Mars now then :P
Wait, what? Mars is a sphere??? :D
Every single person that believes in the Flat Earth theory flunked their geography class
Indeed, they will never be able to explain why on their model that the flight from Santiago to Sydney is much longer than it’s meant to be.
Flatturds never were in geography class. NO flatturd has ever been inside a school. Yet ARROGANTLY they pretend to "know" what schools teach.
wrong. the flat earther is most likely to be the guy who you hated that slept through class and still got better grades then you. this whole video is disinformation. quit insulting people and go look in the mirror.
This is rewritten history. There were no heliocentrist 2000 years ago except free masons. In the 1600s the church prohibited copernicansim. Gallello Galilei was condemned a heretic in the church and condemned from the church in 1616. Everyone on this flat plain knew it was a flat plain until Gallello re launched Copernicus' THEORY(the earth moves not the sun is still only a theory Gallello offered no proof either) Gallello lived 1564-1642. Copernicus lived 1473-1543. Most of Copernicus work was early 1500-1520, and most was published later in the century. none of this is 2000 years ago. And one or two made up or random thoughts from some Greek guys 2000 years ago doesn't change that no one believed them until Copernicus and Gallello. Some churches were still geocentric until 1900. And even schools in America taught flat earth after the 1900s. all facts. I have an American dictionary in my shed from early 1900s that says the earth has a firmament over it.
There are flat earth models with Maritime and flight paths that match up perfectly as well as celestial movement. You're uneducated.
But the study of cartography is not even fulfilled half of it is some what speculation.
Africa is not even the on correct scale
America has all the great land and landing rights.
Is this a map or an masonic degree.
Why aren't we taking mini boats and rowing to our cousins in Brazil.
Because it's not shaped that way
Flat Earth Fact
Flat Earth Hope
Flat Earth Kindness
Pretty sure the whole four corners and four winds thing has always been to reflect the four cardinal directions, North, South, East and West.
It was the ORIGINAL Greek form (Directions. Some translations now use the word 'cardinals' for it). By that time of NT, it was already known that the earth is round.
skybattler 262
That's a lie! The Spinning globe is literally 500-600 years old! No one in the early centuries BC nor AD thought the earth was a spinning ball!
@@flatreality4213 I sense complete troll vibes in here. Rewatch the video again. It was found to be even in the early BC.
skybattler 262
So what you are saying is that whatever is said in the video is factual? You should do your own research, otherwise you will be easily fooled!
If it was widely accepted in the BC and AD centuries, why is it that flat earth maps we're being used in the 15, 16, 17, and early 18th Century?
History is easy to manipulate. All you need to do is create a education system that controls what people learn and how they learn! Don't believe everything you hear in a TH-cam video!
@@flatreality4213 Already did my research even before this video. The earth is already known to be round as far back as the Sumerians.
Keep.on clinging to your FBI-instigated flat earth nonsense before I send in the big guns, using a conspiracy that says Flat Earth is part of MK Ultra to confuse the masses from the real issues.
I can clearly see with my own eyes that the moon is round, the sun is round. It is so simple to say the planet that i live on is also round. I don’t need any proof
Yeah it's simple to say that, thats why youre a simpleton 🤦♂️
Defrap22 you are stupid.
@@Seb3i because a table looks at the pool balls and sees they are round, it determines itself to be round as well. Thats how dumb u are
Defrap22 I think what he’s trying to say is this proves the universe “prefers” a sphere. If other objects form themselves into spheres than why wouldn’t Earth? Obviously now with science we can easily explain with physics why this is, but at the time people could have used this to suspect Earth is a sphere.
@@Defrap22 it may be simple but it's some of the most amazing proof there is.
And yet modern flat earthers, with all the tools and science and math and SPACE FLIGHT, etc. we have, blindly accept that the earth is flat.
Sad and amazing.
The flat earth theory should've died when we discovered time zones. If it's always sunny somewhere, how would the sun set on a flat earth?
One or any combination of eight different ways apparently. None of which can be explained, all of which seem to only apply to the sun, and none of which are how we see things in reality.
Time Zones were not "discovered". LOL
Time Zones were CREATED by man, to set schedules for trains and ships.
@@craigkdillon I meant when we discovered that it's not the same time everywhere on the planet and it's always day somewhere
Danilego I think you are unable to understand Flat Earth, which is enclosed system with Sun and Moon moving around the Earth in a spiral trajectory (up and down, and to the sides) . You can’t see the Sun from each spot in the Earth on Flat Earth due to : limited optical resolution, curved light path.
Do experiment : hold light bulb close to the table and look at the bulb from the level of the table, if the bulb is far enough you won’t see it.
Daniel Just
Thing is, the sun is wayy too powerful for that to just happen. And it wouldn’t explain how precisely only the other half doesn’t get it. If the light would work like a projector than a radial shine, it would curve over, not be a pure 50%. Some light would get to the other side, which we haven’t noticed.
A light bulb is not even comparable to the sun. Stars from more than hundreds of lightyears away can reach us, because they’re strong enough to emit enough light to reach our eyes. The sun is well known for being stronger than these faraway stars, so how can we not see it from a distance not even close to a lightyear?
Regarding the quotations of Revelations, it was already clear by that time the earth is circular as the Jews adopted the models of Pythogoras, the the original Greek word for 'corners' are portrayed as four cardinal directions (which was lost in translation by the KJV translators similar to what happened to the unicorn instead of the rhino)
Well Unicorn literally means one horned animal but still correct, the Bible does not teach a flat earth.
We didn't evolve from monkeys on a non consistent cartoon ball seeing the same stars and constellations since the dawn of man where sea level is sea level for a reason where the north star is stationary. Horizon comes from horizontal a straight line. Not including the false equation for curvature eight inches per mile squared doesn't fit into the 25000 mile circumference.
- Made it clear that religious texts aren’t necessarily literal even by contemporary standards
- Explicitly states that the Dark Ages are over exaggerated as bleak
These two points made me nearly happier than the entire rest of the video
The *bible IS very literal in it's false teaching* of geocentricity: Joshua 10:12 " Then spoke Joshua to the LORD... Sun, stand thou STILL... and thou [also] Moon..."
Joshua commanded _both the Sun AND the Moon_ to stand still, NOT the Earth, which proves that the bible writers believed that the Sun moved, and traveled around the Earth, and _could actually be stopped by a man's prayer_ to Yahweh/Jesus !
Yahweh/Jesus could even REVERSE the Sun's movement ! !
Isaiah 38:7-8 describes a prophetic sign by Yahweh regarding King Hezekiah's recovery by reversing the Sun's movement by 10°
" Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sundial of Ahaz, ten degrees BACKWARD. So the Sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down "
Yahweh could even _ACCELERATE_ the Sun's movement ! ! !
Amos 8:9 " And it shall come to pass in that day.... that I will cause the Sun to go down at NOON, and I will darken the Earth in the clear day "
Habakkuk 3:11 attests to stopping the Sun's movement
" The Sun and the Moon stood still in their habitation..."
The bible writers believed that Yahweh Jesus controlled the Sun' movement _in real time_ as Job
9:6 describes Yahweh's power
" Which commands the Sun and it rises not "
Remember that 8 scriptures were used to convict Galileo of heresy in 1633 for publishing the science that the Earth revolved around the Sun ( in opposition to the bible ).
As quoted in the video, Isaiah 40:22 describes " the *circle* of the Earth ", as in the outer rim of a disc ; the bible is entirely written from a dinner plate shaped Earth, and geocentric viewpoint.
Do more research beyond this video... Gods Word is clear. Biblical Cosmology is true and the Earth is stationary, flat and has a firmament over it.
In Trinity Lee's response, she makes it clear to YOU what the bible writer's " supernaturally inspired " truth is. L O L ! ! !
@@trinitylee5065 No, most christians or non christians in my country knew the world is round, since education is very important for a developing country, and that even the govt cares about it. Proof on how the bible states that the earth is flat?
@@dvonzosch461 No it is not,God stopped the Earth's rotation that's why the sun stopped in the sky.
Germanic tribesman holding a Roman coin: "why is he holding a ball?"
Eunuch.
But wasn't Isaiah40:23 a verse lost in translation, as from what I learned both circle and sphere are the same word in Hebrew.
They definitely got the Biblical references wrong.
Ksanbah Lyngwa Exactly
Literal translation has all jews living on the corners. 😕😳
@RICHARD MELVERN HANSEL Personally don't think it's metaphoric?
Isaiah knew both words: circle and ball, but decided to use circle instead of ball in this verse. In other verse he used ball. Regardless the shape of the Earth, both of them either sphere or FE are seen as circle from the top, which is where God dwells.
Regarding the Bible: the word "circle" in ancient hebrew could meant a flat circle or a sphere. There was no word for sphere. That word came with more advanced languages, like greek. Then, translators couldn't guess the exact word correctly everytime when they translated to another language.
The four courners of the earth are the four directions of the four winds. Besides: it's a vision what it is describing. Not a real image. Visions are like dreams: tricky.
He is anti christian that why he chose to misinterpret those verses. Notice how he didnt dare quote from the koran.
Nothing in the bible is meant to be literal. It's full of metaphors and allegories
Claudia Potter That’s Absolutely incorrect! Yes there is metaphorical language but, some of if it is meant literally it simply depends on the context.
Mr Irrepressible I may have to agree to a degree on this.
@@MrIrrepressible How? Its his choice to either quote from quran/koran(funnily enough koran means newspaper in my language) or any other holy book. Its not about if he is anti chrisitian or anti muslim, he is a freaking history channel you ignorant shlob, plus he also said that he will cover the islamic golden age, how is that anti muslim/christian?
Also for verses, as someone from a non english country. Its easy to misinterpret anything of foreign language, the bible was created when ancient language have no words for specific things, so it is hard to understand some words in the bible or any other holy book. It is what started all of the religious debate nonsense imo
Even the sumarians.. earth's oldest known culture, had depictions of a round earth.
Shows that flat earthers are cave men
Even if we ignore the lack of evidence, flat earthers haven't even been able to come up with a functioning model.
@@KangenAlec The globe works. A flat earth doesn't. Your "observations" don't really matter next to this
@@KangenAlec : then how can you swallow that FE app they have floating around? It doesn't match reality. Thus is what you see if what you get then FE has zero reality. Thanks for confirming that.
@Matt 13 these idiots don't realise how huuugge the earth actually is
The first line of Isaiah 40:22 reads, “It is he [i.e. God] who sits above the circle of the earth.” Some have argued from this that Scripture teaches the earth to be a flat disc, rather than a globe. However, even if the original Hebrew is correctly understood to refer to a circle, this doesn’t necessarily indicate something flat; a sphere appears as a circle when seen from above-and indeed from whatever direction it is viewed. Moreover, there is good reason to believe that the word translated ‘circle’ might be better translated ‘sphere’.
The Hebrew word in question is khûg (חוּג) which is also found in Job 22:14 where, in many Bible versions, it is translated ‘vault’. For example, the New American Standard Bible reads, “Clouds are a hiding place for Him, so that He cannot see; and He walks on the vault of heaven.” Clearly ‘vault’ carries the sense of something three-dimensional and is given as the primary meaning of khûg in the well-known Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon.1 In modern Hebrew, a sphere is denoted by khûg, along with kaddur, galgal, and mazzal.2 In Arabic (another Semitic language), kura means ball and is the word used in the Van Dyck-Boustani Arabic Bible (1865) to translate khûg in Isaiah 40:22.
A case can also be made from modern European terms denoting sphericity. Philologists have discovered a number of Indo-European words that appear to be related to Semitic words, whether of shared origin or having been borrowed in the distant past.3 While there is no specific evidence confirming a link in the case of the Hebrew word khûg, it may be significant that, in Indo-European languages, there are similar-sounding words that definitely refer to a spherical object, examples being kugel (Middle High German), kula (Polish), kugla (Serbo-Croatian) and gugā (their Proto-Indo-European root).4,5,6
Various sixteenth century Latin Bibles indicate that medieval scholars understood khûg in Isaiah 40:22 to refer to the sphericity of the earth. For example, Santes Pagnino translated this sphaera, and Benedictus Arias Montanus and François Vatable globus. The seventeenth century Giovanni Diodati Bible also used globus and the eighteenth century Dutch Hebraist Campeius Vitringa used orbis.7 More recently, the Spanish Jerusalem Bible used ‘orb’ and the Italian Riveduta Bible ‘globo’.
While most modern Bible versions translate khûg as ‘circle’, a good case can be made that ‘sphere’ was the sense intended by the original Hebrew. Historically, scholars have often taken this view, preferring the Latin words sphaera, globus and orbis. The recent preference for ‘circle’ may have arisen from the belief that people living in Isaiah’s time were too primitive to realise the true nature of the earth. This would seem unlikely, however, as Job 26:7, probably written several centuries before, states that God “hangs the earth on nothing,” indicating that the ancient Hebrews had quite a sophisticated understanding of cosmology.
Everyone is in agreement that khûg carries the sense of roundness, and common usage makes clear that this can refer to either a two or three dimensional geometry. Hence, it cannot be argued that Isaiah 40:22 clearly teaches the earth to be a disc. Moreover, even if khûg does refer to a circle here, this doesn’t necessarily indicate flatness as a globe appears as a circle from whatever direction it is viewed.
And as for Revelation 7:1 But modern flat-earthers believe that the earth is a round disk, which doesn’t have corners! This is not the only time where their alleged ‘biblical flat earth model’ is incompatible with the model they actually believe. Anyway, clearly both sides agree that they are not literal corners, so why did they even bring this up?
creation.com/are-biblical-creationists-cornered-a-response-to-dr-jp-moreland
Good points.
JonAtomic Thank you for commenting! I was thinking the same thing when he mentioned the passage from Isaiah.
The bible also says donkeys and serpents can talk, unicorns, giants and dragons exist. Whales are fish and bats are birds. Yet these ancient and mostly uneducated goat herding tribalists knew that the Earth was a globe? OK.
@@markcostello5120 yes. Yes they did.
Mark Costello In their defense, they didn’t have all of the nice gadgets or advanced knowledge we have today. Remember, to get where we are today, we had to start somewhere.
Aw shiet. Oakley... you're gonna strike a nerve with this one. I love it.
Invicta The sun angle on the flat earth can be seen 45 degrees above the horizon at a certain location and the sun can be directly above your head at a certain location on the flat earth.
Causing the same outcome you would get on the globe earth. /same story with the stars
What’s something else in your video that you think proves the shape of the earth ?
The bottoms of boats go over the horizon first but you can zoom back in on the bottom with a strong telescope
@@InvictaHistory history is a female break up the patriarchy
@@shillhuntingseason9707 I think you believe you disproved things but you didn't and your axioms are so off base I don't know how to engage any further. You have to have some sort of clear two way communication for two people to converse about truth, and not debate to win.
FACE GALLON If you can zoom back in on the bottom of the boat after it disappears beyond the horizon why would you use it prove curvature
FACE GALLON You want me to provide a video showing you can bring the bottom of boats back into focus after they go over the horizon?
Re. 2:21 given that the Book of Revelations was written in the reign of Emperor Nero, less than 2000 years ago, that line probably was meant metaphorically and so may not have been the best example to choose.
It's a book about beasts, angels, lights, seals, and catastrophe that follows. Of course the entire book has a symbolic meaning.
Also, I thought Revelation was written towards the end of the 1st century AD, during the reign of emperor Domitian? It was even believed that Domitian ordered the exile of John the Apostle (the writer of the book of Revelation, as stated in the book itself) to Patmos.
@@alexanderchristopher6237 The First Beast was directed at Nero. We know this because 666 in Hebrew gematria spells Nero. Even Revelations 13:3 is a direct reference to the Nero redivivus legend.
Virtual Caveman looking at shadows 2000 years ago: Ah yes, earth must be round.
Modern man looking at zoomed in picture from space that can show your freakin house on an apple iphone: Earth is totally flat.
Flat Earthers are a tiny minority on the very low end of the bell curve.
The ancient Greeks didn't have the internet to make them stupid.
The problem is... you can never win an argument with a flattard. They simply don´t understand basic concepts, yet they have their "view curving perspective" that makes the sun appear to go over horizon.
It's more they don't want to understand it , being appart from the "mass" make them feel superior and privilegied To have access To an information nobody have, this is how any conspiracy theory trive
MentrySK
I find it funny how you folk say a lot but none of what you say ever includes factual proof of you spinning globe!
I swear you people are like 3 years old! The spinning globe it a 🧚 fairytale! Let it go!
MentrySK That’s your confirmation bias speaking, not you. You only need 1 observation that doesn’t match the theory. And there are many that disprove a globe earth. But if you have confirmation bias, your mind won’t allow you to see it. It’s that simple.
M DR Can’t that apply to you too?
It's so easy to debunk Flat Earth. Some people just have shallow Minds
smh Don't you see NASA created time travel. They wanted you to find this
Yeah to cover up their fake traveling to space
@@pieterblom9229 Terrible bait. You're not even trying.
The Sumerian Annunaki definitely have a solar system on their wall picture.. not to mention the pyramids in Egypt and Maya are aligned to the stars and solaces.. so I don’t know how they believe the earth was flat! Thanks
The earth isn't flat, those claims are ridiculous. Abrahamic religion doesn't promote flat earth because of those quotes though, that's misinterpreted.
And even back when the common population of Israel believed the earth was flat, the more educated among them learned otherwise from the exchange of Greek knowledge that came in through their ports or Greek conquest via Alexander the Great. So even Israel knew the Earth was round.
It's remarkable how older civilization manage to come up with maths about the Earth's size to 90%-95% accuracy. For 2000 years we only able to fix their errors. It's like 90% of our brain is already great enough, we require only 10% of technological input to perfect it!
I think ancient people were smarter than most of us today. It’s amazing the things they were able to do with so little
Yet, still no one can verify the distance to the sun.
We didn't evolve from monkeys on a non consistent cartoon ball seeing the same stars and constellations since the dawn of man where sea level is sea level for a reason where the north star is stationary. Horizon comes from horizontal a straight line. Not including the false equation for curvature eight inches per mile squared doesn't fit into the 25000 mile circumference.
And with this video all flat earthers freaked out with the evidence that is given to them.
they have answers to all this, I've seen their videos
They will just ignore them and say invicta is paid by NASA
@Britannic hayyomatt and why would a person believing such utter idiocy not be worthy of scorn? the flat earth model can literally be disproved by a 5 year old with even a basic grasp of logic.
I have looked at the "arguments" (and I use that term very loosely here) used by the flat earthers as has many others before me, many of whom have far greater grasp of things than me and not one of their arguments is well thought out or logical. the entire Idea is literally a willful denial of the reality around them. it would be one thing if the believers of this absurdity were from some backwoods tribe from the amazon or Africa where education is still a spotty or in some cases nonexistent thing but they as a rule are not. the people buying this load are from first and second world nations where air travel is a normal thing.
on a side not most Christians readily accept scientific explanations of the world around them. the only ones that don't are the small fraction that subscribe to creationism (an equally ludicrous belief).
and no the flat earthers don't have answers they have denial, and a belief that is utterly worthless in accurately describing the world.
@Britannic hayyomatt We know that the mosts hardcore flatard would not listen To any argument because they act like a cult, this is why we should mock them and disprove any of their absurd beleif to avoid more people to fall in that stuff
@Britannic hayyomatt can't disprove that they are wrong about science being false? are you high? brain damaged?
no they are wrong about that, so wrong that literally the world as it works proves that line wrong.
I understand personal belief very well actually I just find people that accept things that children could disprove as true to be pitiable. flat earthers, anti vaxers and creationists are pathetic in the level of deliberate ignorance they embrace. you don't trust the governments, fine there are plenty of reasons not to. you believe in a god fine no harm done in such belief in general. if however you wish to believe the half human lizard people from the future are harvesting babies to sacrifice to the mole king.... well you need help badly.
nice non sequitur by the way. personal beliefs in opposition to reality are not equal to personal tastes in shows or colours. red is no more scientifically better than blue, than a koi is a better fish than a tuna. absent any qualifier for specific traits both are just colours and fish respectively.
I want to agree with you about it not being a failure of education, really I do. but the sad reality is these beliefs are being found in populations where the understanding of why the belief is such utterly wrong crap, is literally covered when they are still children. added to it the fact that the entire lifestyle these people have is predicated on science working. to hold the belief that "science" is wrong is...... utterly retarded. there are people with a 40 IQ that have grasped this reality better than the flat earth crowd. I don't scorn their beliefs because I don't understand why they hold it I scorn them because it is a stupid wrong belief that in no way resembles reality. at least with belief in a god or spirits there is no actual data showing they don't exist, nothing showing they do either. but at least that belief is not directly contradicted by the reality around one
I have never understood how people could be so ignorant, if the earth was flat, it would be the same daylight worldwide? Nitetime? Who knows where that would be? But these people should be dismissed as ignorant.
The Bible does NOT say the earth is Flat.
Tell that to the religious flat Earthers.
Seriously, though, please do
@@jamaldeep13 nor does my religion.. these flat earthers are idiots
@@jamaldeep13
I wish we can but apparently there are still Quakers and Puritans.
I'm Lutheran.
Anyone remember when the Catholic Church was thought of as backwards and the Protestant Church was forward thinking?
Now my flat earth has been turned upside down.
It okay, from here they're both backwards. Which is probably relativity.
@# Not from its inception, but the enlightenment wouldn't have happened when it did under Catholic dogma- I'm a Catholic myself btw.
Lunar eclipse shows earth is sphere
I asked a flat-earther to play basketball the other day... He brought a frisbee.
Invicta: Let's engage in rich historical discussion.
Flat Earthers: Herdy-derp, muh disk. Gloooooobe taaaaard!
Which you are
Great video as always, but just as a reminder, we shouldn't call this a theory. A less educated viewer might use this to discredit proper theories (which explain how something happens, as in evolution theory) as being held by the same scientific standard as this flat earth "theory". It would probably be better to address this as "flat earth hypothesis" or even "flat earth fallacy". :)
If it was not a possibility, it would not be called, "flat earth theory."
We don't have the "sky is blue theory," do we?
My biggest problem is gravity. No one has proven gravity theory.
And if space is a vacuum, how can any craft contain humans without them being sucked out into space?
@@truebeliever5233 lol
@@truebeliever5233 Newton's theory of gravity works for me. I can use it along with his laws of motion and conservation of energy to make all kinds of predictions on where a a object will land when acted upon by different forces ahead of time. .Space is not a vacuum cleaner it does not suck. A vacuum is the absence of mass like air. It takes a rocket to exert the force to overcome the force of gravity to get into space. On earth air rushes in to fill a vacuum the air exerts the force not the empty space. To empty a container of air you need to pump it out or remove the gas by a chemical reaction. .
I would prefer to call it; "flat earth hallucination"
Flat Earth Conjecure
Even in western Europe during the middle ages sphericity of the earth was fairly common at least among the educated. In the Divine Comedy for instance the earth being a sphere was displayed without much indication this was controversial and even indirectly references Aristotle.
What people believe about the sphericity of the earth 500-2000 years ago is not proof that the earth is a sphere! In fact, we can't even say for sure that people back then even believed that! It's hearsay! You have eyes and you have your natural senses! They tell you the truth about where you live, you just have to trust them!
C Walden
The Sextan measures angular distance! This has nothing to do with sphericity. Pythagorean Theorem can also be used to measure angular distance but is based on triangulation. In addition, the use of the sexton can be traced to the 16th century so I can agree with 500 years. However, 2000 years is an gross exaggeration. You globevearthers keep lying about the time line! This globe nonsense wasn't widely believed until 500-600 years ago. 2000 years ago no one believe the earth was a globe. That just an outright lie!
The civilizations before us who knew the earth was flat also navigated the sea. How did they ever do that? How did they not get lost? How did the ancient people of the world survive? How did the build pyramid and megalithic structures that align with the celestial bodies? They build structures that modern societies cannot replicate even with their modern advanced technology?
You can't fool me because I am not confused about who the real primitive people are. Yours globevearth leaders are using the same flat earth technology to navigate the seas and the air. They simply tell you it's based on globe technology.
If the earth was a glove then the ancients should not have been able to travel let alone survive and build everything they did. They were not confused about the earth, the general public today are the primitive and confused bunch who can not think for themselves. Facts today is not what can be verified it's what scientist, and government agencies say!
C Walden
Listen! The only liars in this matter is NASA and government agencies!
I personally know tons of pilots that are flat earthers! They won't say it in publicly in fear of losing their jobs! I know Naval sailors that are flat earthers and they confess that everything in aviation and navigating the waters is based on flat earth but the public is simply told otherwise!
It's the same navigation techniques and technology from the past that have been advanced and passed off as globe technology!!
I don't need to study navigation to know that governments and their agencies are liars! For you to use picture from space as an argument is laughable! You can't use unproven arguments as proof of another unproven argument! But that's what the globe is anyway, a bunch of unproven nonsense backed up by other unproven nonsense!
The globe is theoretic! Nothing in reality functions based on a globe. That's just what you are told or made to believe. When we test the globe in nature I doesn't hold up!
But truth is basic and is declared by nature, not man!
Earth doesnt move as declared by nature and is not a spere as declared by nature! Doesnt tilt in an invisible axis, as declared by nature!
C Walden
The horizon is where the land or ocean ”APPEARS” to meet the sky! Let me know when you or any other globe earthers drive/sail/fly to where the sky touches water or land!
Even from a your globe point of view, let me know when you get to the hump on the globe and start to descend downwards beneath the horizon!
I'll wait.......
C Walden
Race around Antarctica? That's your argument of proof? Wherever that race is taking place, it's not around antartica! The might be going around ice, but it's not antartica and they wouldn't know the difference! They are simply going by what they are time and shown on tv like anybotgergkobe earther!
I now understand why Socrates detested or at least mistrusted democracy.
I just came from NJCL 2019 (essentially a Latin club but big and nationals) and they had a lecture there about classical astronomy. This topic absolutely fascinates me!
Awesome! I love learning about this sort of thing too! The results they achieved with such basic experiments is mind boggling
I think the absolute stupidest aspect of the flat earth theory is that they believe Mercury is a sphere, they believe Venus is a sphere, they believe Mars is a sphere, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune all spheres. But somehow earth is flat...
We know the Earth is a planet but flat Earthers regard comparing Earth to the other planets like comparing the floor to the lights in the ceiling.
Flat Earthers don't even make the distinction between planets and stars. They think both are just featureless lights
I actually met a guy in Costa Rica who had no real education who figured out that the earth is round from the moon shadow thing.
It's really cool how clever so called "common folk" can be.
Well, that means his parents raised him right
And yet CONVEX EARTH on youtube show with proofs it is not with curvature at all.
Flat earthers are living in a state of two things: Denialism and Cognitive Dissonance
people who say that are in denial and ignorant
@@orrinwells6571 you taling about me or flat earthers?
you
@@orrinwells6571 well I dont believe in the flat earth because that stuff can have negative effects on your mind
@@orrinwells6571 also not to mention your friendships and relationships
Nowhere in the bible does it describe a flat earth.
Job 38:14
@@monicawalls8184 Try again
@@Hunts_with_Bow_Original No he's right, the phrase "like a garment" indicates a flat Earth.
Great video and interesting comments here. I was told the other day the Earth if flat because the Bible says so but even better than that...there are no other planets! Of course I tried a rational discussion to which the response was, "why are you attacking me?" Guess this person never looked through a telescope, took an astronomy course or even a geology course!
Just now I got into an argument with one who relies so heavily on the Bible that he refuses proofs even after asking for them because the Bible overrules them, and at one point he claims that the stars don't move, as in, the sky doesn't spin throughout the night, because "God never mentioned a celestial pole"
@@jamaldeep13 funny how they will trust verbatim a book that was written and re-written, translated, edited who knows how many times but deny the hard-core facts when presented with them. I guess if they are so confined to living in a bottle mentally flat earth makes sense for them. There is no reasoning or rationally discussing anything with them even when their theory has been proven wrong.
@@jamaldeep13 It's amazing how some manage to plug their ears and cover their eyes at the same time.
@@therealzilch I think you can do it if you use your thumbs
@@jamaldeep13 You're right. I'll keep that in mind if I ever decide to convert.
Thank you. I am circulating this widely.
Thanks! I'd truly love to hear what flat earthers would say to the historical community since their idea of a government conspiracy doesn't work anymore. Although I suppose the government could also be manufacturing all of history too... those bastards!
To whom? All of your friends and family are flat earthers?
All of mine would be like, "Stop wasting my time with this," and I would agree.
@@KittyBoom360 there is a large community of Flat Earth debunked. Many do quite well on TH-cam and most are significantly more successful than the flat-earthers themselves. Their General mission is to stop the progress of this nonsense and science denial generally.
@@ErikHare They seriously have nothing better to do? If that's how they want to waste their time, okay.
@@KittyBoom360 I don't want to disagree with you because it seems just as crazy as the people they opposed. However it's important to note that they get a tremendous number of followers and probably money as a result simply by mocking the Flat Earth people. It's also worthy of note that some of them are very much pro-science and simply do not like any form of anti-science, taking on anti-vaxxers and other things like that in addition to the Flat Earth. But the net result is a bit crazy I agree.
I still can't believe people believe in the flat earth. It's so moronic
We have the ability to access nearly all information to exist and yet this is what happens.
The Biblical disscriptions of the Old Testament don't say that the earth is flat, they are discription from "God's view".
The description in the Book of Revelation is a metaphor.
Yah go with that as you are rejected at the Pearly Gates.lmao
Snipers have to take into account the rotation of the earth on shots over a certain length distance. Is that not mathematical proof that earth is a sphere? Mic drop
Coriolis and Eötvös ;) depending on direction of the shot. ☝👍
Germans were shelling Paris in ww1 with massive 21 cm gun, and had to account for Earth's curvature to calculate trajectory of shell.
So if I get in a helicopter I can just hover and wait for my holiday to come to me?
@@britaniawaves4060 Lol.
@@joshuabartley656 No they don't.The velocity of the bullet looses it's momentum and gradually falls .But it's minimal.
Hindus declared the earth is round 2500 years ago...... 🚩🇮🇳🧡
Even calculated the circumference and told that the earth revolves around the sun and not vice versa
A lot of people did
@@q12aw50 not a lot
Eric dubay definitely needs to be put in prison for telling young children that every thing they learned was wrong in school flat earth people just want money they probably don't even believe it themselves
That Isaiah reference you used was interpreted wrong, the circle in that context was a ball, or what we would in fact call a sphere, simply if you must, look into the Hebrew word translated to prove this. Your Revelation, and Job references as you yourself acknowledged were allegory, or metaphorical, maybe even symbolic however fantastic video as usual.
Dickheads Rebuked Agreed, great video but he completely mis represented the Biblical verses
Samuel Appiah I can’t help but feel he did that intentionally even if it was just to back his point, it was still wrong and dishonest.
The "circle" in that verse in the original Hebrew is khog (חוּג) which means circle, or ring.
@@justchilling704 It's not dishonest, even in a metaphorical light, it shows that that idea had existed. It's the same as we using the idea of King and Queen as a metaphor for any kind of superior. Even if it doesn't show that we live in a monarchy, it proves that monarchies are commonly known.
So, I don't see any dishonesty.
Some Dragon to Slay Umm I think we’re focused on different things, he said they believed the Earth was flat which, isn’t true.
The biblical support for a flat earth is, as you hinted at, not literal. There is no support for it. Hebrews would have understood this as a circle doesn’t not relate to a flat circle but a sphere. Ends of the earth and four corners is not literal language. We apply the same tests to all language. Is it literal, metaphorical, what is the original language and so on.
Imagine thinking the earth is flat 2000 years after people debunked it.
@cåññâbëār what map that represents flat earth do shipping companies and airlines use to complete the navigation process?
@cåññâbëār what flat earth angle measurement? Earth is not flat. Perhaps you mean horizontal attitude. You can stand on the side of a hill and get a horizontal attitude. That does not make the surface flat.
You need to stop listening to that snake oil salesman calked Oakley. He relies on silly people to make a living. He does not actually believe the flat earth nonsense himself.
@cåññâbëār celestial navigation relies on globe earth. It absolutely cannot work on flat earth. There isn’t even a viable map of flat earth in order to complete the navigation process.
@cåññâbëār I have got several telescopes. I see that boats do disappear bottom first. That is clear evidence that earth must be a sphere.
@cåññâbëār the horizon is the point at which the sphere begins to obstruct objects that are beyond it. You really need to stop listening to the flat earth scammers like Oakley
"How does Flat Earth community engages with this sort of rich historical discussion"
By claiming it's all part of conspiracy and dismissing it. Flat Earth "idea" does not use evidence to draw conclusion, they use conclusion to select evidence.
Produce your empirical evidence there’s a GOOEY🤤molten😂magnetic🤣CORE🤡🤡🤡 at the center of your magical pear shaped space testicle #BallFondlers #BallFetish #SimpleJack How many licks does it take 😆 #BrokeBackGlobetard
George Orwell on 🌎:
“Does NOT rest on reasoning or on experiment but on AUTHORITY”
“SOMEWHERE or other-I think it is in the preface to Saint Joan-Bernard Shaw remarks that we are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages, and as an example of modern credulity he cites the widespread belief that the earth is round. The average man, says Shaw, can advance not a single reason for thinking that the earth is round. He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century mentality.
Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth following up, for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge. Just why do we believe that the earth is round? I am not speaking of the few thousand astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give ocular proof, or have a theoretical knowledge of the proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizen, such as you or me.
As for the Flat Earth theory, I believe I could refute it. If you stand by the seashore on a clear day, you can see the masts and funnels of invisible ships passing along the horizons. This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the earth’s surface is curved. But it does not follow that the earth is spherical. Imagine another theory called the Oval Earth theory, which claims that the earth is shaped like an egg. What can I say against it?
Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. The Oval Earth man promptly answers that I don’t know, by my own observation, that those bodies are spherical. I only know that they are round, and they may perfectly well be flat discs. I have no answer to that one. Besides, he goes on, what reason have I for thinking that the earth must be the same shape as the sun and moon? I can’t answer that one either.
My second card is the earth’s shadow: when cast on the moon during eclipses, it appears to be the shadow of a round object. But how do I know, demands the Oval Earth man, that eclipses of the moon are caused by the shadow of the earth? The answer is that I don’t know, but have taken this piece of information blindly from newspaper articles and science booklets.
Defeated in the minor exchanges, I now play my queen of trumps: the opinion of the experts. The Astronomer Royal, who ought to know, tells me that the earth is round. The Oval Earth man covers the queen with his king. Have I tested the Astronomer Royal’s statement, and would I even know a way of testing it? Here I bring out my ace. Yes, I do know one test. The astronomers can foretell eclipses, and this suggests that their opinions about the solar system are pretty sound. I am therefore justified in accepting their say-so about the shape of the earth.
If the Oval Earth man answers-what I believe is true-that the ancient Egyptians, who thought the sun goes round the earth, could also predict eclipses, then bang goes my ace. I have only one card left: navigation. People can sail ships round the world, and reach the places they aim at, by calculations which assume that the earth is spherical. I believe that finishes the Oval Earth man, though even then he may possibly have some kind of counter.
It will be seen that my reasons for thinking that the earth is round are rather precarious ones. Yet this is an exceptionally elementary piece of information. On most other questions I should have to fall back on the expert much earlier, and would be less able to test his pronouncements. And much the greater part of our knowledge is at this level. It does not rest on reasoning or on experiment, but on authority. And how can it be otherwise, when the range of knowledge is so vast that the expert himself is an ignoramous as soon as he strays away from his own speciality? Most people, if asked to prove that the earth is round, would not even bother to produce the rather weak arguments I have outlined above. They would start off by saying that ’everyone knows’ the earth to be round, and if pressed further, would become angry. In a way Shaw is right. This is a credulous age, and the burden of knowledge which we now have to carry is partly responsible.”
🤡cult god g g g grabbiddy?...just made up💩 for sheeple accepting theoretical maff as science...that’s a beLIEf making globetardia a CULT
Newton made up gravity & later they realized the calculations lead to a giant singularity where all of the universe gets squished into oblivion
To counter that they made up dark energy which is basically anti-gravity
...but then calculations now showed everything will move away from each other until dark energy rips the very fabric of ‘outer space’
So to balance both...they made up dark matter to hold gravitons & dark energies together
It’s just one imaginary justification after another...TO FIT IN WITH OTHER MADE UP 💩
Tesla on relativity:
“The theory, wraps all these errors & fallacies and clothes them in magnificent mathematical garb which fascinates, dazzles and makes people BLIND to the underlying errors. The theory is like a beggar clothed in purple WHOM IGNORANT PEOPLE take for a king. It’s exponents are very brilliant men, but they are meta-physicists rather than SCIENTISTS. ***NOT A SINGLE ONE OF THE RELATIVITY PROPOSITIONS HAS BEEN PROVED***”
Tesla:
“Today’s scientists have substituted mathematics for experiments, and they wander off through equation after equation, and eventually build a structure which has no relation to reality.”
Fun Fact: Wernher von braun a certified nazi & founding member of na$$holes wrote a sci-fi novel where a man named ELON leads a COLONY on MARS #FakeX 😂🤣🤤👋...satellites? arthur c clarke #CoincidenceTheorist
Religion...from latin Religare “to tie back; to hold back; to thwart from forward progress; to bind”
A system of control based in unchallenged dogmatic beLIEf which holds back the progress of consciousness...
Good luck with your religious sci-fi cult! 🤗
@@NostyFripples : And after all that - the only explanation a flatter can offer as to why the sun sets south of due west in Dec is some emoji.
And you wonder why flatters are so ridiculed? LOL
@@NostyFripples it’s not pear shaped.
@@NostyFripples as we dog down it gets hotter and hotter and hotter, so eventually it will get too hot for the rock to stay as rocks so it turns into magma. Also the inner core isn’t even liquid
The Norse knew that Earth was round. In the Norse book 'Konungs skuggsjá', the fact that the world is spherical is used as an explanation as to why the Nordic-North is cold but the Mediterranean-South is hot.
Maybe that's just a single Norse tribe who believes in that
That book is mid-13th century, though.
varana312 Exactly
TheOneCalledSloth Did the Norse have superzoom?
The thing is, after the Greeks spread that idea, almost all of Eurasia, all the way from north-western Europe to India, knew earth was a sphere. Only China and some distant others kept that idea of a flat earth.
So regarding the Norse in the 13th century, it may have been that they just knew it because it was widespread. Even if it may also have been otherwise, just sayin'.
What's really incredible to me is that after Eratosthenes did his proof, essentially another up and coming vlogger of his day promptly released a 45 min vid. titled "I CHECKED ERATOSTHENES' PROOF WITH ANOTHER STAR. IS THE EARTH STILL ROUND?" and then probably about 35 min. into the video comes to the conclusion "yes, the earth is still round BUT Eratosthenes measurement of the circumference was off by x stadia! If you liked this video, please leave a dinar or a drachma. Your support makes this content available."
Painfully accurate.
2000 years ago people use a stick to calculate the circumference of the earth with 90% accuracy. A stick for god sake, and now with all the power of technology people still believe in a flat earth
10% margin of error, 90% accuracy actually.
Dai Phat Phan Did they have superzoom then? Did they have gps? Were they able to calculate the missing curvature, like we can now? Evidence shows that globe earth is a lie, but if you suffer from confirmation bias, your mind prevents you from seeing it.
@@mdr6055 sure mate whatever you say, you're the special snowflake that can see the truth and we are all just sheep being fool by the governments of the world. If that makes you feel better about your life then well there's no point for me convincing you otherwise.
Dai Phat Phan You can see it with your own eyes, you only have to be willing to see it. Last week I was on a ferry, and on google maps I could see how far I was from the coast (roughly). I calculated the supposed curvature. But I could clearly see the shore. The curvature was missing. Now I can A. Forget about this, and pretend it never happened, or I can B. Share this observation with other people. I choose B. Why should I pretend that the curvature is there, when I can see with my own eyes that it’s missing?! I just cannot accept such BS, if something is true it’s true, and if it’s false it’s false.
@@mdr6055 sure mate if that makes you feel good then sure why not, have fun with your curvature calculation and whatever you see in the ferry. I'll just be here and follow the "lies" that people keep telling me cause I got an engineering degree to do and can't risk people lives with false assumption when trying to triangulate the GPS satellite. But you do you man, you do you.
It always intrigues me that flat earthers quote the part of revelations that four Angels hold the four corners of the earth yet their model has no corners
No. FE model has four corners. Don’t forget that the Bible says also about a firmament, the firmament (made from molten glass), the seas are limited, there are pillars and bars that holds the Earth, the earth is immovable, the Earth resembles footstool, can be shaken. In the Book of Joshua you have event when the Sun stood still for three days - impossible on Globe Earth but possible on FE. Further the Bible says the sky is like a tent that can be rolled up, the Sun and the Moon are two lights (source lights). And in Revelations, Jerusalem will eventually come down from Heaven to the Earth. The size of Jerusalem will be 2000 x 2000 x 2000 miles. Again impossible on round Earth, but possible of FE - because we don’t know the true size of the earth.
The Bible definitely supports FE rather than floating Round Earth.
@@danieljust295 please show me the flat earth map that isn't circular.
Ibrahim Bashir Maybe you don’t understand what Flat Earth is. FE is flat plane with circular base and firmament (dome) over it, so this is enclosed system designed by God. The Earth is handiwork of God, God created the Earth not Big Bang. The Earth is surrounded by ice wall - this is what gives the Earth circular form, but behind the dome the fundament is squared, so has four corners. You can’t see these corners from inside the Earth, but God reveals they are.
Most likely this is how the Earth looks like (according the Bible):
images.app.goo.gl/wSQq2CpQGL2fb7mS9
See this FE conference to understand what I am talking about:
th-cam.com/video/oG_-BYKaehI/w-d-xo.html
Evidence against ball Earth:
1. You can see CN tower (height: 500m) across Ontario lake from distance 60km, from elevation 1.5m. Do the math. The tower should be hidden 250m due to assumed “curvature” , but it isn’t. You can see that with P900 -P1000 Nikon camera. None of optical phenomena can explain why we can see this tower if the earth is ball.
2. The way gyroscopes work. Planes use gyroscopes because they “adjust” to gravity force direction, so the plane can mainframe orientation. However, gyroscopes are also used in space shuttles because they are independent from gravity and maintain its spatial position - you can’t have it both ways, unless the Earth is flat.
3. Day time Moon. The way Moon is lit during day time doesn’t correspond position of the Sun during the day, and the Sun can’t be the source of light that is “reflected” from the Moon. Contradiction.
Lack of evidence proving spinning ball:
1. The weight of an object should be less on Equator than measured on latitude closer to the pole due to centrifugal force influence - never proven.
2. If gravity force is defined as force that arises between large masses then the gravity force direction measured on the Earth should be constantly changing, because this direction is superposition of all gravity forces between all celestial bodies - never proven
3. Shadow is never smaller than the object we shine light onto. Umbra and preumbra can’t be recreated in lab, if the distance between the source and the lit object is large, but can be reproduced in the source is close to the object.
Eratosthenes made fundament mistake performing his experiment. He assumed the Earth is a ball and he assumed the sun rays are parallel, then using sticks he calculated circumference of the Earth. This is logical fallacy.
@@danieljust295
(Note: links may not work, I copied them from my laptop to my phone.)
For your things that were “never” proven:
1. Yes, there should be a weight difference. And there is. Here is a video by Wolfie6020. He takes a 500g weight across the globe, and all of the sudden, it’s now 499.49g! Video for reference: th-cam.com/video/CkhxPm15PFo/w-d-xo.html
2. Remember that distance is also a variable in a gravitational formula. These celestial objects are too far away to cause any kind of noticeable pull, especially when overpowered by the sun.
3. Seriously? This has been proven multiple times. Here is a scale model of an eclipse, showing an umbra-penumbra and all: th-cam.com/video/3FBlR_5dCt0/w-d-xo.html
Having been a land surveyor, I've always been amused by this topic!
James please explain
@@Nehner Every surveyor knows that their level has a limited range where it can no longer report accurate enough measurements to satisfy survey requirements and that they have to establish a turning point and relocate their instrument to shoot the turning point and continue making their elevation measurements. That range is not very far because the error they're allowed is only .005 feet. After a certain range their level will always read elevations higher than they actually are.
@@IRUKANJI you are not a man of practice.
I have never seen this. Because most projects are not as long as the Sibirien railway Route. Theoretical bullshitters where you Go.
As a land surveyor post any railroad track designed with Earth's Curvature....Waiting............
We're on the same page. Thanks for confirming that there's no Earth Curvature.
OR... you know, the fact that every other object out there in space is spherical if you actually take the time to look, why should Earth be any different ?!..
Also, it's funny how one can never hear such BS in our third world country, yet it is an "argument" in FIRST world countries...
That and antivaxers 😂😂😂
@@mikeflatbird729 life has nothing to do with geometry. and why do you type like that
@@mikeflatbird729 you say that as if theres non-physical life, which there isnt. even so you didnt refute my point that a planets ability to sustain life has nothing to do with its geometry. and nobody else types like that, except for bots and boomers.
@LotionMan - im GenX. Um , and what parts are you NOT understanding? that >>earth IS VASTLY DIFFERENT, and for one special thing ..it HAS PHYSICAL LIFE! NONE OF THE OTHER in the so-called "solar system" DO! NONE! X( effn dum "hewman" !! X ( Stubborn hewmans...
@@lotionman1507 pretty sure its just a troll... nobody actually types like that lmao
@@lotionman1507 and if they do, they quite clearly have a serious mental problem that needs addressing by a psychiatric professional
4:44 A flat Earth wouldn't cast any shadow on the moon since the sun and moon would always be on the same side of the Earth. There could even still be phases of the moon. There couldn't be lunar eclipses though.
Don`t say "The four corners of the earth", or these flat earthers start to believe, the earth is square. 😂😄
You mentioned in the bible the circle of the earth in other words not flat but a sphere because the Hebrew word for circle could also mean sphere so no the bible says the earth is a sphere not flat. Not only that it also mentions that the earth is hanging upon nothing exactly in line with what we see in outer space.
That part perturbed me as well.
Isaiah 40:22 says "circle of the Earth" in English, but the original Hebrew translated here is "khug" which in that language is used for sphere.
The globe shape of the earth is not about belief or disbelief, it simply is. It is observable, and measurable, it doesn't matter what "Flat Earthers" believe, it doesn't change reality.
Or vice versa
mthemaniac
When did you measure it and how did you measure it?
@Hell N Degenerates what proof of flat Earth would you present to a judge?
A water tank is going to prove flat earth huh? I'll be sure to have lots of popcorn ready.
Not that I need to prove anything, but the simple fact that we can accurately predict *exactly* when and where eclipses will be visible, sunrise and sunset, star trails... that'd be a good start as none of those things can be explained by any flerf model.
"...a fifteen degree per hour drift." -Knodel
"Interesting." -Jeranism
Yes, if the experiment disagrees with your predictions, your hypothesis is wrong. Thanks for agreeing with us.
Flat Earth is a con.
The circle of the earth doesn’t mean it’s flat.
Why would you describe sphere as a circle?
@@Magst3r1 In multiple languages it's straight up described as a globe
If we have half a glass of water, and tell normal people to describe it, they would either say that the glass is half full or that the glass is half empty. But if you do the same with a Flat Earther, they would say that the glass is flat because the water is sticking on it
They would then go on to feel proud about themselves, thinking that their statement made sense.
Na anyone would say the glass contains it because water cannot be contained on a ball. Thanks come again #globehead
Funny
The ball that doesn't hold on to wAter doesn't have a big enough gravitational field to hold water flat head
Look up the cavadish experiment dummy
Flat earth head
Two types of flat earth believers thise who sell flst earth t shirts and books. And those who buy flat earth t shirts and books
Flat earth DEBUNKED 2,000 years ago. Debate over. NEXT.
The thing is, when you have zero science education, you really don't know anything. What makes the sun hot? That is a question we didn't know until recently. A flat earther could think it's hot because burning poop.
@@kevinhardy8997 Why are you so dismissive of FE.Are you frightened, or not able to understand things presented to you.When you finally get your GED know that FE is your next learning guide .
Ancient Hebrew sphere and circle could have the same meaning...
It's interesting that the Mesopotamians seemed to have believed that there were waters above the sky held in place by a barrier. Blue = water and then it fuels the idea of how exactly the gods flooded the earth: they just let the waters of heaven pour down relentlessly. Same with normal rain; the gods just control the floodgates.
And Mesopotamians, and many others were right.
Btw, when the request was made to return the Hubble toward the earth, it was .....REFUSED.
HMMMMMMM.
IIRC The bible does mention the earth being a sphere suspended on nothing..
The bible also doesn't mention molecules or viruses or America or toilet paper. Are those fake too? .
drie wiel I must agree! if Einstein's theory of relativity didn't mention toilet paper either it must be a hoax!!!
@@driewiel Well, that you said is a cheap fallacy. And the thing about fallacies is that they fall under their own weight.
@@galenusv7831 May I burn in hell.
It bothers me to know that flat earth is making a little comeback and for that I am saddened for humanity as a whole cause geuss what the earth is round
You all wrong, the earth have no form...."In the Age of Ancients the world was unformed, shrouded by fog. A land of gray crags, Archtrees and Everlasting Dragons. But then there was Fire and with fire came disparity. Heat and cold, life and death, and of course, light and dark. Then from the dark, They came, and found the Souls of Lords within the flame...."
Praise the sun!
The Bible does not teach the flat earth, to state such is to place an eisegetical spin on the text and also shows an attempt to use higher criticism.
Great video 👍
Before even watching, already know, it's called geometry, yo.
The fact that it's 2022 and flat earthers still don't have any model single handedly proves the earth isn't flat
Most idiots have idiotic names. You are a good example. Congratulation.
@@Nehner name calling is not a working model either
@@Nehner As said above, insulting people is not the same as having a working model.
@@daddy3982and he deleted his comment. Typical flerf behavior
I wish more people saw this video and looked at it impartially because I believe that falling for the rhetoric that is the Flat Earth cult is something that could potentially damage an impressionable person's mind.
You can say the same exact thing about believing in the Globular Earth Theory.
Uhm… don’t know how to tell you this. Its not a theory… it’s a fact that the Earth is round.
@@cmungus You can say that and you would be fucked in the head for saying that.
Globe earth is an absolutely proved quantified tested fact and theory. It's not just dumbshit stories like conspiracy stories with zero proof like "China deliberately created a virus in a lab" or alarmist anti-fluoride stories.
I wish more people call out this video and looked at it impartially because I believe that falling for the rhetoric that is the heliocentric cult is something that could potentially damage an impressionable person's mind. This video is obvious disinformation flat earth or not. This is rewritten history. There were no heliocentrist 2000 years ago except free masons. In the 1600s the church prohibited copernicansim. Gallello Galilei was condemned a heretic in the church and condemned from the church in 1616. Everyone on this flat plain knew it was a flat plain until Gallello re launched Copernicus' THEORY(the earth moves not the sun is still only a theory Gallello offered no proof either) Gallello lived 1564-1642. Copernicus lived 1473-1543. Most of Copernicus work was early 1500-1520, and most was published later in the century. none of this is 2000 years ago. And one or two made up or random thoughts from some Greek guys 2000 years ago doesn't change that no one believed them until Copernicus and Gallello. Some churches were still geocentric until 1900. And even schools in America taught flat earth after the 1900s. all facts. I have an American dictionary in my shed from early 1900s that says the earth has a firmament over it.
We didn't evolve from monkeys on a non consistent cartoon ball seeing the same stars and constellations since the dawn of man where sea level is sea level for a reason where the north star is stationary. Horizon comes from horizontal a straight line. Not including the false equation for curvature eight inches per mile squared doesn't fit into the 25000 mile circumference.
It's more of a thought experiment, it makes you actually prove science not just state it. I'm down for it
People do have some wacky excuses to make Flat Earth work though.
That's a great way to look at it.
Flat Earthers cannot do "thought experiments".
Their mental handicap prevents them.
But people *have* proven it. And they still won't believe it. Heck, people proved it 2000 years ago!
What do want him to do? Create his own rocket and blast off?
How was the siege of Jerusalem won 2,000 years ago?
The Jews pushed the Romans over the edge of the earth.
@@0000-z4z hahaha
Still waiting!
We replicated Erastothenes calculations in my college trig class. Trig wouldn't work here at all here if earth was flat. People think trig is about triangles but trig is really about circles.
And the distance of the light source!