Sparta & Athens Vs Persian Empire: Battle of Plataea 479 BC | Cinematic
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 ก.ค. 2023
- #Cinematic #grecopersianwars #spartans
The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece. It took place in 479 BC near the city of Plataea in Boeotia, and was fought between an alliance of the Greek city-states, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I.
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Congradulations! You're doing a great job putting these different battles together.i really like the Spartans and the Roman soldiers the best.
Thanks friend plenty more to come including the battle of yarmuk
There is no more Rome. But the Persians occupied an empire four times. Now they have a very big country called Iran.
😅@@WarAndHistory.
Even being part of such a huge army, that "wall of bronze" walking quietly and steadily towards you had to be intimidating.
Well said. Before the battle of Cunaxa, mercenary phalagists nearly drove off their allies, at a demo, their employer Cyrus being one of the very few to keep their cool! Many levy and several household troops run off the parade ground!! But as military performance and experience goes in antiquity, Romans are always the benchmark. Well, one of their seasoned generals, Aemillius Paulus, scored a huge victory against the Greeks at Pydna, centuries later. Albeight knowing its weaknesses, and knowing what had to be done, he later recalled that he never saw a sight in his life as amazing and as dreadfull, as the advance of the phalanx towards him! Imagine the clueless fighter of the first rank(s) who had to deal with the thing.......
The phalanx was virtually unstoppable in frontal combat. But by that point the Roman military discarded the phalanx formation in the last Samnite war, as the terrain made it unsuitable.
What they came up with was the remarkably flexible manipular legion. The maniples were an organizational innovation that changed the course of history imo. This flexibility allowed legions to easily be formed into smaller or larger units as necessary to changing battlefield conditions.
This made their battles with the Greeks and Macedonians something they were uniquely suited to win, as once they were able to outmaneuver it, a phalanx became useless.
@@kalbarnes2494 Indeed, the manipular system the Romans introduced, took maneuverabillity to a whole new level. Company level teams acting independently during a large battle, was something war history never saw again till about WW1! But the phalanx didn't become useless immediately. Hanibal, Pyrus and others, beat the Romans several times using it; the Romans themselves used it in rare occations (the Triarii spearmen were probably in phalanx formation, the testudo was a form of phalanx not suitable to attack, and they tried to remember how it was meant to work at the battle of Cannae and some others after the republic); and we see it reemerging as cavalry becomes more efficient, later Roman armies abandoning manipular formations alltogether. Boar formations, schiltrons, and shieldwalls were medieval equivelents of the phalanx, as where the later pike formations (tercios e.a.) that dominated the European battlefields, untill gunpowder weapons made them obsolete by the 18th century. And we can still find later yet revivals, in the Austrian "battalion mass", the French "column of attack", and the "compact square" formations several armies used to repell cavalry.
Intimidated or not as a soldier you had to stand your ground if you panicked & tried to run you'd be killed for cowardice so? you was effectively going to die either in battle by the enemy or? by your own men for trying to run away
@@martinthrone7012 Only in "professional" armies an IF you were meant to stand your ground. I guess that, yeah, if you retreated before making contact, you would be in serious trouble. But I also guess THAT thought wouldn't be particulary reassuring at the moment. Yet, nobody would blame a skirmisher or a horseman, or a rookie for backing away. That's why usually firstrankers were seasoned soldiers, the equivalent of modern NCO's, each in command of a whole file (anything between 4 to 16 fighters). Still, armies backed away or even broke away all the time. In Greek military terminology, the word "trophy" meant the monument erected at the exact spot where the enemy line broke. While the word for coward was "drop-shield", implying that you intented to run faster than an armed enemy. But if the formation was broken, it would be pointless to try fixing it, or to fight-on individually. Usually the disrupted side would run away, more or less in good order. Cohesion meant the world in these short of "formation" battles. Nothing like we see in movies: if ever a side broke ranks to fight man to man, the game was over!
Does anyone else feel the bird flying over the left flank moments before the clash was a nice touch. Spectacular capture for sure.
I automatically thought "buzzard."
Definitely a nice touch. Very reminiscent of the Gaugamela scene from Alexander!
The eagle was the bird of Zeus
Persians: Hey, Greece, do you want to be conquered?
Greeks: No
Persians: I've got a big army,
Greeks: NO
Persians: I've got a bigger army now!
Sparta: This. is. Sparta!
Spartans Rule 👌💪💪
Xerses II 💪
@@shahriarp9928he was defeated😂
@@FathomMane I'm speaking about history not this game videos , second time he sent persian armies he conquered all Greece
HAU HAU HAUUUU
This was a very, very good accounting of the Battle of Platea. What I loved was how you put the strategies and tactics above the chaos and mayhem - as so many other battle videos do. We always knew and understood exactly what was going on and when. The layout of the land, the abilities and strengths of each side, and how the beginning, middle, and end of the fight unfolded, were a success.
Aerial views are critical to making sense of any real battle and in this video there were no shortages of them. This alone made the entire battle landscape beautifully real. Nicely done and I thank you for this.
In
Heavy Infantry can solve any problem -Mediterranean Civilizations
Served them pretty well I guess 😂
@@BigTex65 : In an era when heavily armoured shock cavalry and light horse archers were very rare in the Mediterranean. Lightly armoured shock cavalry and light javelin cavalry, usually in relatively small numbers, couldn't get the job done.
@@timonsolus I’ve honestly learned more from watching total war videos and playing the game myself that, like you said, they didn’t have much of a choice but to use hoplites. Pretty fascinating imo.
@@timonsolusThe huns literally fucked them multiple times with horses lol
Not today
The Spartans Never ask how many are the enemy, Only where they Are..p.s. Those Corinthian helmets are so distinctive and iconic..Excellent stuff here👍👍👍👍💯
Perfect timing. Just finished reading Herodotus Histories - wow what a book 10/10 and great video 10/10!
Wow ❤. I am speechless. This video is one of the best💪🏻🔥❤️
Excellent video!👍
Even in a computer generated battle, Spartan hoplites know how to empty saddles and crush all in their path!💪
That's because them a.i. hoplites have been programmed to actual spartan battle tactics....the most obvious way to kill the enemy cavalry would be to kill his horse 1st & then the rider once he's obviously on foot....if you're really lucky the horse might fall on him & crush him....otherwise he's likely to get thrown over the top right into a bunch of hoplites just waiting for him
Persians: We have more men.
Greeks: We have Sparta.
during ottoman wars there was an albnain tribe called shpata in cameria (epirus) The Shpata family (Albanian: Shpata, Greek: Σπάτα, Σπάτας) was an Albanian noble family active in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, initially as Venetian vassals and later as Ottoman vassals. The family's progenitors were the brothers Gjin Bua Shpata and Skurra Bua Shpata. Shpata means "sword" in Albanian. :) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bua_(tribe)
The high level of attention to detail in this video regarding the aesthetics of the spartan & greek armour is amazing the shere scale of the battlefield & attention to detail is what makes this very good & enjoyable....as well as it being historically accurate
It's a game called Total war Rome 2... it has mods added to increase the historical accuracy
I learned about the Spartans when I was in junior high school. I wanted to be one. The closest thing I could find was to join the Marine Corps. It was the best time of my life...1964 to 1968.
Join the US Army. We need battle lords such as you!
during ottoman wars there was an albnain tribe called shpata in cameria (epirus) The Shpata family (Albanian: Shpata, Greek: Σπάτα, Σπάτας) was an Albanian noble family active in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, initially as Venetian vassals and later as Ottoman vassals. The family's progenitors were the brothers Gjin Bua Shpata and Skurra Bua Shpata. Shpata means "sword" in Albanian. :) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bua_(tribe)
@@user-ic1dw7tg2tI am a descendant of this family and it’s Shpeta. We are also tied in with the Skenderbegs in Debar my family has grave stones in my village from 600 year’s continuous.
VEry nice battle, really enjoyed watching it :)
It's sad the way plataea gets forgotten about with thermopylae getting so much attention.
For some reason this victory was downplayed by the Greeks. Maybe they thought it was no big deal. To bad they couldn't unite against the Macedonians and Romans.
The letter "Λ" on the Spartan shields derives from the region that Sparta is located.
Λακεδαιμόνα (Lakedemona).
Ah so that explains why it's called the Lambda!
@@TheREPPIX not exactly..
Lamda is Lamda. The region Lakedemona starts with Lamda.
@@mariosathens1 my point exactly!
Or (maybe) from arrow peak! 😜😜😜
May the greeks rise agaon, modern day Turks need a lesson
THANK YOU FOR USING MY RESKIN MOD !!! 😄
Ironically the best infantry the Persians had were Greek.
Yeah, phalangites were excellent infantry! And that wasn't a one time deal. Centuries later, Swiss pikemen were also much sought-after mercenaries!
during ottoman wars there was an albnain tribe called shpata in cameria (epirus) The Shpata family (Albanian: Shpata, Greek: Σπάτα, Σπάτας) was an Albanian noble family active in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, initially as Venetian vassals and later as Ottoman vassals. The family's progenitors were the brothers Gjin Bua Shpata and Skurra Bua Shpata. Shpata means "sword" in Albanian. :) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bua_(tribe)
Were the Greeks defeated by the Persians before the Persian army had Greek soldiers?
Hey that was so enjoyable, man i couldnt stop watching. thank you for your time and effort into the making of this video,. thank you.
This was literally amazing ❤. Well done all the way around👍🏾. Not bad for this being the first time I watch your work.
There is an excellent series of books about the Greco-Persian wars by Christan Cameron. It is a fictional account but using a lot of historical evidence called 'The Long War' and has a fantastic description of this battle and many others. Well worth reading.
Love Greece 🇬🇷 from Romania 🇷🇴 orthodox brothers
during ottoman wars there was an albnain tribe called shpata in cameria (epirus) The Shpata family (Albanian: Shpata, Greek: Σπάτα, Σπάτας) was an Albanian noble family active in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, initially as Venetian vassals and later as Ottoman vassals. The family's progenitors were the brothers Gjin Bua Shpata and Skurra Bua Shpata. Shpata means "sword" in Albanian. :) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bua_(tribe) what greece mate spartan were albani illyrian
i really love these vids ty for the upload
I once read some material on this battle that theorized the Huns abandoned a lot of their nomadic lifestyle by the time the Catalunian Plains battle took place, hence their forces mostly composed of infantry rather than cavalry. I never looked roo far into this to see if that indeed was the case but its something interesting to investigate for anyone here who decides to read up more on this battle.
The Roman general Flavius Aetius was one of Rome"s greatest and amongst the last great Roman commanders; the emperor Valentinian's execution of him sped up Rone's downfall without a doubt, he could have been Romes last hope.
wrong video 😂
@@WarAndHistory. I was wondering what happened to my comment! I thought I accidentally deleted it. It must have posted here because I was typing it while watching it and aitoplay was on and it must have posted it here doh. I'll post it in the right place, thanks lol
thanks for watching 👌
These are so cool, man! I'm in the middle of re playing the assassins creed games in historical order, so it's awesome that I can come watch the battles that take place during the time period with the game I'm playing! This is so awesome, man! Better than the history Channel!
Love the random Birds that fly over every 5 minutes or so
If you got the time cover the Imjin war. For those who don’t know it’s Korea vs Japan. Famous naval battle was 13 Korean ships against 300 victor was Korea
Best battle I have seen in your channel so far. If anyone would like to play a total war like game but with cards, i would recommend him / her Onus! Come one, give it a try. You may fall in love.
nobody:
THE ANCIENT ARMY WITH LESS TESTOSTERONE IN THE BLOOD
Never, ever, step into a Spartans wheelhouse.
Unless ur Epaminondas😂
Calvery SUX'S Aginst Square's,
Napoleon Leared That At Waterloo...
Well done video! Thank you!
Our pleasure!
FUCK8NG AMAZING VIDEO BRO WOW!😬 VERY COOL!!!
Cool. If anyone's interested in Classical Hellenic warfare I warmly recommend Schwerpunkt's videos series
Those medizing Thessalian and Theban hoplites! How dare they betray their Greek brothers!?! 😡
"Now is the hour! Hoplites, form phalanx!"
That gave me the chills!
Like having the spartans on your side is like ..great im feeling safer all ready !
It's funny how it always seems to end up with Greeks losing 200 men, and the Persians 60,000 lol!
As a Northern European and there for probably a celtic tribes man had we have known about this we would waded in with the greeks just for the hell of it !
No buttons to push.
Back then you looked your enemy in the eyes & push on thru with spear & sword.
Virgin Persians vs Chad Spartans
Ah of course a petty LITTLE turk would say that
One word from mongol 😂😂, you are obsessed with our history i see you comments everywhere
the music is awesome
I cant wait to get rome 1 and 2 again this time on a top notch computer with killer graphics and sound
Gut gemachte videos über die geschichte.
100 % perfection '' wow ''
迫力が有りますね。
父親が生きていれば、見せたかったです。
If you want to REALLY understand how the Spartans fought, and how devastating the Spartan Phalynx was, read “The Gates Of Fire” by Steven Pressfield.
Thanks. I'll go check that out.
A rugby scrum , on a mega size and with pointy things
🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷⚔⚔⚔💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼 ΜΟΛΩΝ ΛΑΒΕ!
Excelente vídeo!
Rome 2 is still beautiful
Enjoyed 👍👍
Αθανατοι είστε Έλληνες πρόγονοι μου
Great video, there’s an amazing book ok called Persian Fire by Tom Holland which covers this period very well from marathon to salamis. The Athenians deserve much more credit lol.
just came across it
Nice presentation!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
I of Sparta.. A living weapon to my Spartan's Right. Dedicated to kill and die for his shield. I.. HisTravHammer.
Very cool. Almost like being there.
Glad you enjoyed it
I absolutely love those Persian caps.
Epic ⚔️
it was well done this videos as tw fan myself
This is why you should scout your opponents to see what they're capable of 😮
surprised that archers didn't get involved earlier in the battle.
That is history
And that's why we study the Greeks.
Thank the heavens these powerful empires didn't unite forces and conquered the whole world. Instead one destroy the other while the other weaked itself considerably
very cool!
Losses of 50 to 80 000 are a little ridiculous, or do they mean wounded and killed? Still probably on the high side. Good vid though.
It's interesting how the spear and the round shield rested the main weapons untill the arrival of the romans with their preference for the gladius and the heavy rectangular scutum in the legion formations.
The Romans used oval shields until the late republic. The switch to the Gladius occurred earlier; around the time of the 2nd Punic War.
But then the gladius was superseded by the spatha.
No se dice guerras Greco-Persas en español. Se llaman las guerras médicas, por el imperio Medo.
Greeks should have pursued the Persians and taken no prisoners.
Hey, just a quick note on the word "medizing":
It is an adjective of some sort but I'm not sure if it's supposed to be pronounced "medizing" like an English adjective proper-
The greek word "Medeizien" used to denote the greek Poleies that cooperated with the Persians, it refers to Media, an ancient landscape around and within modern day Iraq, when Cyrus the Great came to power and founded the Achaemenid empire, he had to fight the Medians who were based in that region and the second strongest power/satrap of the empire,
the ancient greeks usually recognised the Achaemenids as either Medians or Persians
Anyway, I think it would be more correct to refer to Poleies who fought under/with Xerxes as Medeizin/Medezien cities/Poleies rather than Medizing
I prefer saying "Medized..." Like the Medized Thessalians or the Medized Ionians... Medizing just sounds too present tense or something. I just sounds funny.
I believe the 1400 number the most. Also alot of greeks died for the persians so maybe thats why the others though it was so much. This time of warefare the phalanx was the tank of the battlefield, and the greeks knew how to do it well
One of the things I find much unrealistic in war gaming (let alone movies), is cavalry charging right into tightly packed formations. You can drive a bike, or a car stright into a wall, but I'm not so sure about a horse. The horse has a mind of its own, and that mind is usually free of suicidal thoughts. Even a higly trained war horse would hesitade to hit a solid mass, even if its rider would attempt to. Horses would probably pivot around, and the riders would use their spears to try and hit somebody's face. In a phalanx, as each rank was pushing the rank in front, and the front rank locked shields, the whole square was presenting a solid mass, concentrated in those front rank shields. A rider on a horse has great momentum, but surely less than the inertia of the combined mass of 8 men or more. Horses would only charge through lose formations, be it enemies broken or in dissaray, or in open order. An exception would be to hit a phalanx at the flank and rear, if the rider had the skill to not gide his horse straight at a man, but rather at the gap between two men! That could split the whole formation, much like unzipping it. Still, cavalry in tight line formation could not do it in optional terms, because the shove of a man towards one direction would be partially negated by a shove to the other direction, by another horse. So the whole box would be shaken and disrupted but the cavalry would evertually run out of momentum and stop. In order for the physics to really work its magic, the cavalry would have to be in a short of tight wedge formation! If such a formation was neatly guided at the gap between two men's backs, the initial gap created by the wedge leader, would be widened with every raw passing through, unraveling the box in split seconds! Interestigly enough, Greek shock cavalry squadrons were formed in wedges or rhomboids, always opting to hit an enemy formation with a vertex!
9
Concurrence
SPARTANS!🗡💪💪
thats what happens when one neighbor turns on his other neighbor for power, the one small nations will fend of a large empire
This would have been a good day for being picked for KP duty.
Great graphics ... Wonderful ... S**t Happens & then you have to work it out !!!
ΚΑΛΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ Η ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗ ΥΠΕΡΟΧΗ ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΏ ❤
Греки были лучшими воинами пехотинцами на протяжении многих веков.
That's why they were non-independent for almost 2000 years?
@@CyrusPersia-wv7zo really?
@@user-vo5mf3ly9s Yes
@@user-vo5mf3ly9s The years of non-independence of four old countries in the most dangerous geopolitical region in terms of invasion by foreign powers (from longest to shortest years)
-----------------
1). Mesopotamia: 2290 years
Here is the approximate duration of the domination of the different empires over Mesopotamia:
•Achaemenid Empire (Persian Dynasty): Approximately 208 years (539 BC to 331 BC)
• Seleucid Empire: Approximately 245 years (312 BC to 64 BC)
•Parthian Empire: Approximately 474 years (247 BC to 224 AD)
•Sassanid Empire: Approximately 415 years (224 AD to 651 AD)
• Umayyad Empire: About 83 years (661 AD to 750 AD)
•Abbasid Empire: Approximately 447 years (750 AD to 1258 AD)
•Ottoman Empire: Approximately 418 years (1534 AD to 1922 AD)
-----------------
2).Egypt: 2269 years
Here is the approximate duration of the domination of the different empires over Egypt:
•Achaemenid Empire (Persian Dynasty): About 205 years (525 BC to 332 BC)
• Seleucid Empire: About 30 years (305 BC to 275 BC)
•Roman Empire: Approximately 639 years (30 BC to 639 AD, including the period of the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine)
•Byzantine Empire: About 716 years (639 AD to 1517 AD)
• Umayyad Empire: About 83 years (641 AD to 724 AD)
•Abbasid Empire: Approximately 208 years (750 AD to 969 AD)
•Ottoman Empire: Approximately 388 years (1517 AD to 1882 AD)
-----------------
3).Greece: 2031 years
Here is the approximate duration of the domination of the different empires over Greece:
•Roman Empire: Approximately 521 years (146 BC to 330 AD)
•Byzantine Empire: Approximately 1,129 years (330 AD to 1453 AD)
•Ottoman Empire: Approximately 381 years (1453 AD to 1830 AD)
-----------------
4). Iran: 1019 years
Here is the approximate duration of the domination of the various empires over Iran:
• Seleucid Empire: About 30 years (312 BC to 281 BC)
• Umayyad Empire: About 58 years (651 AD to 709 AD)
•Abbasid Empire: Approximately 524 years (750 AD to 1258 AD)
•Seljuk Empire: Approximately 168 years (1037 AD to 1205 AD)
•Ilkhanid Empire: Approximately 126 years (1256 AD to 1382 AD)
•Timurid Empire: Approximately 113 years (1370 AD to 1483 AD)
@@user-vo5mf3ly9s During all these years of non-independence of Greece, Persia had powerful dynasties that repeatedly managed to stop the invasion of foreign powers.
Iranian Dynasties & Empires:
1).Parthian Empire
2).Sassanid Empire
3).Safari dynasty
4).Taherian dynasty
5).Samanian dynasty
6).Ghaznavid dynasty
7).Khwarazmshah dynasty
8).Safavid Empire
9).Afsharian Empire
10).Zandian Dynasty
11).Qajar dynasty 👉🏻 It was during this Iranian dynasty that Greece was able to find its independence after many years.
Great work!
Can you make videos of Japanese and Chinese historical battles
Don’t have the time buddy
You could stream classic Kurosawa epics..
Всегда с нетерпеньем жду твои ролики. Они классные! Есть одно но, сражавшийся в первом ряду энное время или убивший одного или более противника отходил на последний ряд а его место занимал с зади стоящий воин и так далее. Во первых это давала пердышку сразившемуся и возможность всем по участвовать в сражение.
Spartans are shown fighting without body armor, which was against Spartan law...other Greek armies are shown with identical armor when in fact at this time only the Spartans had the same armor and weapons...Persians are shown with a lot of them in hoplite type mode, especially when it comes to their shields when in fact they used wicker shields...and this is the first account I have seen of Persian cavalry attacking the Spartans on this all important day of battle...your sources?
you do realize that those "Persians" were also Thebans and Thessalians as stated in the video right?
I am aware...and like most city states, the middle class hoplites were expected to supply their own armor.@@WarAndHistory. Some of the weapons, etc would have looked the same as typical Greek but not uniformed as the Spartans.
Ok cool 👍🏻
If you want the real story, read “Gates Of Fire” by Steven Pressfield
This production is amazing.
What software is used for animation?
From time after the creation, war was already a culture of life of men up to now.
What are you playing this on can I play on the PS five
Wow 😯 😮😮😮😮😮😮😮😮
well done
Muito bom
Οι Έλληνες από τους αρχαίους χρόνους αγωνιστικά για τα ιδανικά τους.Η Ευρώπη χρωστά πολλά στην Ελλάδα.Ας μην το ξεχνούν.❤
Glory to the Greeks for saving Europe from the Persian enemies. Without their courage European culture would never have flourished and the modern world would not exist as we know it.
Europe was a shithole for the oncoming 1500-2500 years after that😂
(Minus the Romans and Greeks)
2 worlds created between behold no man's land and 3 that govern it.
Hey wait, I thought the next battle was going to be Irish vs Vikings. This is good too but I have re fought this battle many times.
Read the poll again
@@WarAndHistory. No
Hi
👌👌
Is there a way to fight as the Persians in a custom battle
Mods
That wrong onderhand grip, turning upwards and the absence of columns pushing shields annoys me immensely in this game.
The problem with the re-enactment is that the persians used horse archers against the Greek Hoplites as a cavalry charge against organised hoplites was fatal to the cavalry as the infantry would face them and the cavalry could not get past the 3 rows of 9 to 10 foot long dory - The Greek long thrusting spears that would fatally spear a horse in the chest or push a cavalry man without saddle or stirrups off his horse.
The Spartans didnt send for the Athenian hoplites BUT the Athenian archers - A force of professional eastern archers who acted as a Police Force in Atehnes comprising about 300 men BUT reputed ijn some battfield numbers to be 800 men strong. They were the only archers in the Greek army whose light troops were mainly javelin men and were vital to protect hoplites under threat from Horse archers as they had a more powerful bow with a longer range than that of horse horse archers whost tactic was to fire at select points on an enemy frontage to weaken their form,ation at key points - Foot archers would force the horse archer sto fire from much longer rangbes where they could not harm a hoplite whose body was protected from head to knee by a bronze faced holpon shield and whose lower legs and knees were protected by bronze greaves and whose head was protected by a Corinthian Helmet with holes for the eyes and a narrow vertical slit to breath through partially protected by a nose guard. Some hoplites also had and still used the older arm guards - Bronze like greave like protection for their right forearm and upper arm that wielded their Dory and Kopis (sword) in action meaning their right arm was not protected by their Hoplon Shield.
The Hoplon shield, also known as an aspis, weighed about 16 lbs (7.5 kg) and was was about 3 ft in diameter and deeply bowed with a wide rim - the forearm was pushed through a grip in the centre for the forearm at the elbow with a second hand grip positioned for the users hand with the inside of the dished rim resting on the shopulder so the shoulder carried the weight of the shield and the forewarm and hand working in unison could use the shield a s abattering ram against an opponent to cause him to stagger or knock his weapon aside to open his body and neck to a killing thrust with spear or sword or disarm his opponent by slicing his weapon arm off below the with the viscous curved inside inside cutting edge of the Kopis sword.
The Hoplites also had either a full bronze breast and backplate or linen and metal composite linothorax with up to 30 layer of linen glued together that was tied togetherr under the left arm where the joinmt was protected by the shield. The lino thgorax was superior and cooler than the older Bronze breast and back plates and did not need a skilled smith to forge and often had thick plates of bronze sandwhiched between the linen layers for extra protection and metal scales sown onto the front and sides for extra protection - The Linothorax also benefitted from a raised neck protection at the back that a bronze breast and back plate did not have.
Archery trials against the Linothroax with ancient persian Bows have shown the linothorax highly resistant to penetration and confirmed the Linothorax as the ancient Kevlar army in use 2,500 years befroe kevlar was invented!!!! Composite Linothorax armour extrerior metal scales and especially metal plates between layers of linen are even more effective as armour and would have been even more effective than the medieval Brigadine armour made from linen or leather with metal plates sewn into the lining as the Linothorax was far more effective than the leather or linen jacket a medieval brigandine was made from.