How Hungary Finally CRUSHED the Mongols - DOCUMENTARY
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 พ.ค. 2024
- In the thirteenth century, the Mongols achieved a string of virtually unbroken victories, gaining the largest contiguous land empire in history. In the 1240’s, they devastated Hungary, destroying the army of King Béla IV at the famous Battle of Mohi. This experience profoundly impacted the Hungarians, and caused them to fundamentally alter many aspects of their society, for they feared that the Mongols would one day return. As it turned out, they did. In 1285, a vast Mongol army again drove into the lands of the Hungarians. How would Hungary fair this time?
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Written and edited by J Stephen Roberts
Narrated by Tom Wylde
Animations by Denys Rodionov
Game footage: Medieval Kingdoms Total War 1212 for Attila
Sources:
-Chambers, James - The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe, (Castle Books, 2003)
-Engel, Pál; Tamás Pálosfalvi, Andrew Ayton: The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526, (I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, 2001)
-Jackson, Peter - The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410, (Routledge, 2005)
-Kosztolnyik, Z.J. - Hungary in the 13th Century, (East European Monographs, 1996)
-Salagean, Tudor - Transylvania in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century: The Rise of the Congregation System, (Brill, 2016)
-Sugar, Peter F. - A History of Hungary, (Indiana University, 1990)
#Mongols #Hungary #MongolEmpire
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a\t that tyme in valachia bucharest 1200 was cumans kipcak kazars and gypsy avars turco iranic army wich valahians illirians macedons😁
Oh Mount & blade 😁
What's the outro guitar music?
My friend. It was not "just" a Hungarian victory. In the 13th century, the Principality of Nitra, a fiefdom of the crown, was stronger than the core of the kingdom. They had their own army, clergy, their own liturgical language, Old Slavonic, and they had their own currency. The double cross that you put in the animation was the Nitra double cross that was from the Thessaloniki brothers Cyril and Methodius in 863. And English does not have the correct translation of this kingdom. it was Uhorsko (madarsko - hungary) - the Land of the Mountains. (They meant the Carpathian Mountains and the majestic Tatras) This History is not only the history of the Hungarians, but also of the Slovaks, Romanians, Croats, etc.
@@venomvenom9926 were were you in Decebal or Burebista times, in Siberia, eating tree bark?
“Never fight the same enemy too often or you will teach him everything you know of war.”
-Napoleon Bonaparte
Said the man who fought the Austrians for all his military life lol
@@riccardocirielli did he had choice?british kept paying them to fight him
@@undeadalex4579 I didn't mean to criticize Napoleon, I was just pointing out the irony
@@riccardocirielli i think that why he made the quote in the first place
Basically why he was finally defeated, the enemy had learned his tactics.
As a Hungarian, it was a pleasure to see someone make a video about this. Hungarian history is neglected in the world, but it is very exciting and, unfortunately, many people do not even know about it. Thank you for the video, it was very good.
It’s nice to learn about it instead of Rome, Greece etc all the time.
Hungarian History is Heroic on a grand scale . From fighting to mongols to the Budapest Uprising and everything in the middle , Great History there. Greetings from the USA
Sad to say but the west rarely focuses on the history of what they consider Central/Eastern Europe. To me history is history and all history needs to be taught to truly learn the lessons history teaches us.
If restricted to only a few corners of the world you only learn some of the lessons we need to know.
@@saintsone7877 I agree , I find the History of Central and Eastern Europe fascinating
The West remembers it... the thousands of nowadays euros the pope sent from the West to Hungary to help them fight the Mongols... and Hungary used that money to pay for the Mongols to avoid Hungary lands and invade and massacre neighboring lands. No, there's nothing exciting about Hungary. What about the massacres Magyars did upon Bohemia? -.-
“A society grows great when old men plant trees in whose shade they shall never sit.”
- Greek Proverb
Bela IV’s long term plan saved his nation.
'Never eat yellow snow ' - an ancient Chinese proverb and my personal favourite
@@mac-sm9zb specially if it’s still warm
The crossroads of Europe, those kingdoms that looked east, faced the Mongols then the Ottoman Turks throughout history…what a bloody and glorious past!
And than the rest of Europe thanked us for that with a Trianon.
And than the rest of Europe thanked us for that with a Trianon.
Bloody pasts are seldom glorious to those who fought them.
*coughs in Spanish*
@@19Crusader91 Hungarian are Turk
In Poland, it is remembered that the Hungarians helped defeat the Third Mongol invasion of Poland (winter1287/88)
The brave Magyars have helped Poles more than once in history. Even during WW2 era, the Hungarians refused to help their german allies in the invasion of Poland, and when the Ukrainian Bandera followers carried out genocide against the defenseless Polish population in Volhynia, the Hungarians defended the Poles. Even during the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans moved units of the Hungarian army away from Warsaw for fear that they would support the Polish insurgents. Hungarians, my dear friends - as a Polander, I thank You very much for a thousand years of friendship, rarely interrupted by incidental conflicts.
That is right!
Anything for you, anytime my man!
Polak Wenger dva bratanki.
I was in Poland 4 weeks ago, my son married a Polska.
March 23 is the Hungarian - Polish Friendship Day. Also, the Hungarian refused to help the Teutonic knights invade Poland in 1410.
Polish are good people
gen ku ya
There's no weakness in defeat if you learn from your mistakes
True words
Well as long as you are strong enough to rise again.
Except that we lost 60% of our population and 80% of villages were destroyed the first mongol invasion
Tell that to the samurai.
@@Bob-ck4dl Ez hülyeség. Nem találtak annyi tömegsírokat ami arra utalna hogy akkor mennyiségű népírtást végeztek volna. A másik meg hogy 40 év után kelet magyarország képes volt helyi ellenállást tanusítáni plusz több tízezres hadseregek kiállítani majd legyőzni a kutyafejüeket amik megintcsak arra utalnak hogy nem volt akkora a népírtás amit hittek. Volt sajnos de lényegesen kevesebb.
The Mongols : Stay down ! You are beaten!
Hungary : I didn’t hear no bell ….
If you don't keep em down they get back up.
European Union: Stay down! You are beaten!
Hungary: I didn't hear no bell.... XD
Is this Hungary?
Oh Im sorry I thought this was Hungary.
Cellllebrate good Ladilaus come on.
Its ladis ladislaus.
😂😂😂😂
After long time they growed up and they talk bullshit.
But early they were crying lol. Hungary was easlily conquered.
Bela IV, escaping from mongols invasion, took shelter in Croatias fortified medieval town of Gradec and was saved. As a sign of gratitude, he awarded Gradec freedom from all taxes and obligations. This Golden Bula was an important document and an event that greatly contributed to the development of Croatias today capital Zagreb.
Thank you, I didn't know that :)
That's true!
Total Chad
Dalmatia and croatia was Hungary,and not croat
He died in the small island not far from Croatian coast like Napoleon. Read history , my friend
My grandfather came from Hungary before he settled in N. America. I found this video worth watching.
Your name Gadány Viktor..
In the West often forget but HUngary was a Medieval Great Power and could set up a strong army. During Matthias Corvinus the Black Army of Hungary was the biggest and well-equiped army in Europe.
I am a simple Polish girl - I see a video about Hungarian people, I click.
"Polak, Węgier dwa bratanki i do szabli i do szklanki. Oba zuchy, oba żwawi, niech im Pan Bóg błogosławi!" 🇵🇱❤️🇭🇺
And I am a simple Hungarian man,I see anything Polish,I pres like. Dwa Bratanki. 🍻
@@kadasrichard 🇵🇱❤️🇭🇺
Such a big history that Poland and Hungary share. Too bad we are just ordinary citizens and not someone with power to make it stronger and better...
Hell yeah, love all ya'll who kept things safe til.we grew up.
Where have u been Paulina..
Greetings from Poland to Hungary! Great that Hungary was victorious. Poland also managed to defeat the Mongols in several battles. By the way, in the victory of the Poles against the Mongols in the Battle of Stary Sącz, Poland won with the support of Hungarian troops. The Mongols didn't dare to attack Poland after that.
Yeah that was huge
@@freecheese4143 Yes, you can sum it up that way!
I think I'll look into doing something about Poland soon!
@@RealCrusadesHistory That would be great!
@@RealCrusadesHistory By the way, in fact, there are no wiki english links to the victorious battles of the Poles against the Mongols .
I love how any time there's a fight, Hungary defends Poland like it is their own brother. More countries could learn from that friendship.
100% 👍
Even now when Hungary and Poland disagree in supplying arms to Ukraine, the reality is that we (hungarians) - like always in history - try to protect our dear polish brothers and sisters, namely from nuclear armageddon. While we absolutely and wholeheartedly understand how the polish people feel about Russia and why they feel that way, we have to calm them down, because a banzai charge into Moscow would definitely not help their situation at the moment. Even though most europeans had been experiencing wet dreams on a regular basis about seizing Moscow in the past 1000 years, the time has not come yet.
Edit: Vlad, don't touch my poles, I dare ya, yes я и ты.
@@jeesdetriplek4588 товарищ, не стесняйся говори по русски. "Влажные мечты захватить захватить Москву", и "отчаянные атаки на Москву"- это смешно. Россия страна террорист и Польша делает всё правильно помогая Украине. Россия потерпит заслуженное и позорное поражение. И не надо пугать европейцев "Армагеддоном", трус Путин не для того дворец в Геленджике себе строил.
America and England and every nato country
But they forgot to do that in 1939
Hungary:
-Call the ambulance!
-But not for me.
I literally searched for this :DDDDDDD
Respect for Hungary.
🤝
♥️
George Soros is the greatest living Hungarian.
As a Hungarian, I found this video very interesting and it contained many details about which we didn't have time to learn in the elementary school. Thank you! :)
Thanks for sharing!
Computer today for learning
Haha, csak az elvesztett csata volt fontos.
the Hungarians have such an amazing history and heritage
Other then it was thought up. Hungary never defeated Mongols. Only what was left after Mongols dealt with Russians and Ukrainians.
@@freedomfreedom6519 Yes, Mongo Khan was killed by the Chinese, which led to the division of the Mongol Empire, and that was the main reason.
@@freedomfreedom6519 The mongols was only successful due to their horses. Man to man completely useless.
@@freedomfreedom6519 Wrong. Béla IV, László IV, and I Lajos the Great were the European kings who swept the Golden Horde out of Europe even in today's Ukraine regions. Western countries and the Vatican let Poland and Hungar down, as they did during the Ottoman invasion.
@@freedomfreedom6519 Are you from a primitive backward semi-asian Orthodox civilization?
Ria ria Hungariiiia!!!! From Poland with love.
Thnx brother🇭🇺+🇵🇱=💪💪💪
Ria Ria Bulgaria.
Deny your enemy access to supplies and plunder. Especially in winter. Good lesson.
I learned a lot about the Magyars because my wife is one and they know their history. Very rich and it goes back pretty far. Took lotsa pictures!
respect to all Hungarians...brave and strong warrior..from philippines
Wow...kumusta ka? Mabuti? Magandang hapon from Hungary.
Hungarians are real , Brave and Strong Heroes ❤
Not these days
“If ignorant of both your enemy and yourself you are certain to be in peril” - Sun Tzu. The Mongols made the mistake of underestimating the Hungarians ability to adapt. And they exposed their own inability to do the same.
What is bro blabbering about? Mongols were def extremely adaptable, and by this time it wasn’t even mongols. It was only golden horde, and the soldiers were kipchaks and turkic
@@feerlemon1181they're still mongols just different horde and also they use mongol tactics and warfare even nogai Khan was a mongol descent
@@strangeman9362 they’re not mongols genetically or culturally or even in lifestyle just local kipchaks of golden horde so they can’t really fight like mongols, and they didn’t use Mongol tactics efficiently or effectively, there’s no relying on just “Mongol tactics” there are just good smart generals
@@feerlemon1181 they're still mongol in terms of culture and use mongol warfare and tactics and also just because a mongol is a general doesn't mean he's automatically a good leader and also mongol or not the people in the golden horde exactly used their cavalry like the mongols you're such a mongol fanboy it's pathetic
Very interesting documentary of events, I knew nothing about.
Brave Hungarians and their great King, Bela lV, who learned his lesson.
Cheers from Denmark
The Hungarians were quite close to defeating the mongols in their first invasion at Mohi, they ambushed the mongol vanguard and slaughtered them. However fighting the next waves they failed in communication somehow and King Bela IV failed to rouse their army. This delay allowed the other half of the mongol forces to cross a second point in the river attack them in the flank after which the Hungarians retreated to their camp. To give example of the direness of the mongol position in the battle Batu Khan lost 30 of his bodyguards and wanted to retreat.
To his credit however Bela did not submit to mongolian demands for submission or "alliance", granted though he knew he couldn't trust them.
We can also make an excuse for the mongol casualties as well since they were the ones focused on building the bridge and stuck in a very narrow passageway (huge disadvantage) and the hungarian army having twice as many soldiers as the mongol army
@@feerlemon1181 Whatever the actual numbers of each army, the full Hungarian forces never did battle. The ambush on the Mongols was as they crossed an already built bridge, vanguard vs vanguard. The bridge building/fording was elsewhere.
They never battled you right, the full force fell into a trap of the mongols when they were trying to escape through the gap of their fortifications in panic @@rustyshackleford8022
Fantastic video. Your work is top tier. As someone married to a Magyar I have found their history to be remarkable. Thank you for this.
Many thanks!
Well done! Fascinating history of a great miedeval power Hungary!
Greetings from a Hungarian! Thank you for your work!💞💞
Thank you too!
I am simple polish i see video about hungary empire i watch and like !
Simple Hungarian here! Back at you!
Apart from being a textbook example of the value of surviving a defeat long enough to learn from it, the 2nd Mongol Invasion of Hungary is also a good example of military stagnation on the part of the Golden Horde; whereas the Mongols in China and the Middle East seem to have quickly adapted the methods and technologies of their foes, the Golden Horde seems to have, if anything, technologically regressed after the splintering of the Mongol Empire. The horde that conquered the Southern Song was arguably a Chinese-style army that happened to have Mongol officers and unusually capable light cav, and Hulagu’s army seems to have employed some of the finest siege engineers from all across Eurasia, but the Golden Horde seems to have largely fielded a classic steppe-style army with relatively few siege engineers and heavy infantry/cav auxiliaries. As for why they never bothered to reform after their defeats in Hungary and Poland, well, such an army was still perfectly suited for controlling the mostly steppe terrain of the Horde’s own territory (among obviously many other reasons).
yes, and the infantry was too far in the first attack. The east war was supported by chines' infantry and tech that was joining the main horde. In the second wave the Mongol split was already in progress and again, the Mongols had not sufficient infantry support. In theory they still could manage to pull it in extreme, but they needed also the climate to support the horses and some added support from the conquered population - remember the Mongols had a super inclusive politics in east and their army benefit from it. Subotai was added with a conquered tribe - and reach general level. This was a major factor in the success in the east. In the west the Mongols becomes more traditional as a way to differentiate themself - Batu was strict on that sense. Also it was more suitable to control the open land with a small army.
The golden horde is not Mongols or Chinese. The Mongols only in the 40s were able to conquer and include these lands as semi-autonomous khanates of the golden horde. Before that, they smashed them with varying success for all these many years (20 years), in proud loneliness.
You are right. Kublai Khan's army in the east Asia had developed an artillery troop to attack stone castles. They had the most advanced catapults arguably in the entire human history. Hungarians would not stand a chance facing Kublai's army.
@@AkiraNakamoto Thereis still no proof for the existence of mongol cannons . They rode on pony horses, even the stirrup was to expensive, because mongols had no metallurgy-
@@chriswanger284 Catapults. Had nothing to do with cannons.
I'm Scottish and loves this. Please if you could keep these Eastern European history vids coming. They are rare in the Western Europe historical sphere.
So rare, you Easterned Central Europe.
@@tamaszlav cool story bro.
@@saltyshackles5227 how's life in Northern England?
No, they are not rare. Why say that?
Oh wow. I stopped watching this channel for a few years to hyperfocus on medicine and the quality has jumped up 10x. These recent videos are spectacular!
Welcome back!
Hope you are called Doctor now, mate!
@@ColdHawk Still got 6 years to go, but I'm on track for it! Thank you, and I hope you have a great day
@@RealCrusadesHistory Keep fighting the good fight, brother! You're having more of an effect than you think!
Thanks for this. In N. America we learn so little of the great struggles of the E. European powers, Hungary, Poland, Byzantium etc. in preserving European civilization after the fall of Rome..
Byzantium was Rome... Its just renamed in the 19 century.
This is easily one of the best channels on TH-cam. I had always wondered when the Mongol invasions of Europe ended, and why.
Great video. The Hungarian knights were amazing.
Glad you enjoyed it
As a Hungarian, I loved watching this.
Keep the Eastern European videos coming! 😁
Thank you! Will do!
Hey same last name lol
Eastern European means Orthodox European. Do you belong tot he neo-Cuman minority group of Kunság Alföld region?
You just triggered a lot of your fellow Hungarians by not saying Central European lol
Yes, I like this. Very interesting. I'll have to learn more history on Hungary.
Glad to learn that the Hungarians were able to rise up and push back the Mongolians...👍
As Albanian I really enjoyed it. Our King back then was very good with Hungarian King as they grew up in Ottoman forces, but loving history no matter the story is beautiful when some beautiful battles like this gets some recognition.
Peace everyone.
Iskander? How we missed them at Kosovo Polje against the Ottomans!
The prinicpality of arbanon was neither a kingdom, nor did they have a king. One of the rulers was half greek, his child was even half serbian because of his mother komnena nemanjic.
This is my first time on your channel mate, I'm impressed. Very good documentary on the Hungarians which you hardly ever hear about on other channels. Well done mate
Welcome aboard!
@@RealCrusadesHistory Thank you
I am a simple Pole. I see Hungary, I like.
As Polish im proud of my Hungary Brothers, its lime watching Game if throne, literally based on it i belive
We Hungarians have a soft spot for our Polish friends. This existed throughout our long histories. Somewhere in my family tree I have Polish ancestry. My mother's maiden name was Veszelovszky. I am not sure about the use of the letters v, w and y.
As a Polish person, we also suffered from the Mongols!
As a non-Polish person, no one cares!
Interestingly, at almost the exact same time, in 1281, on the other side of the globe, the Japanese defeated the Mongols during their second invasion. They also used the time between the first and second invasions to prepare, build fortifications and improve their weaponry.
That was dude to a kamikaze. Twice. The Japanese did not defeat the Mongols. And this is after the Mongol Empire was split in 4. The Hungarians defeated the Golden Horde. Not the Mongol Empire
@@PeterJackson-bz5eoThe kamikaze was a myth. In the first invasion, Japanese sources do not record a typhoon. In the second invasion, the two armies fought pitched battles for a month before the typhoon struck. The Mongols were unable to establish a beachhead on the Japanese mainland and were repeatedly thrown back into the sea by the Japanese defenders. The Japanese also attacked the Mongol fleet with constant night raids. The Mongols were soundly defeated by the fanatical and determined Japanese resistance.
The Mongols were also beaten in their attempts to conquer Vietnam and Indonesia.
The kamikaze was a myth???? Lmaooo youre a myth. Japanese sources talk about how invincibal their samurais were. Look at what happened to them in the Imjin War, the Japanese Samurais fell to Chinese conscripts at a ratio of more than 2:1. Kamikaze was a myth and the Japanese beat the Mongols so hard they decided to scuttle all their boats... hahaha nice story.
Lol it s only kamikaze not japanese
@@PeterJackson-bz5eoKamekazi wasn't a myth, or it wasn't completely a myth. Kamekazi actually struck the mongols during their retreat. The mongols tried to land but was constantly harassed by the japanese troops, one of the surprisingly effective factors of the charge are the samurai (who at the time has shittier weapons compared to mongols but their weapon called the Naginata did prove to perform well), the samurai excels at individual combats which the mongol levy infantry aren't and quickly broke as they tried to land. The mongol kept on relocating and retrying to land but was shadowed by the japanese defenders. This infuriated the Mongols since their element of surprise was already ruined and they think the main Japanese army was already on its way to reinforce the Japanese defenders (Which wasn't true because the Japanese nobility was still confused in what to do against the Mongol invasion, thus they were unable to send reinforcements). They decided to lick their wounds and fall back, but on their way back they were struck by a typhoon. The Samurai wants to be rewarded well for single handedly holding off the mongol army but the shogunate didn't agree, and to rob the samurai of their victory, the priests and propagandist spreads the myth that the Kamikaze that saved Japan instead of the samurai to discredit them.
The 2nd invasion of Japan was also a bigger failure since the japanese coasts were walled and fortified, prepared this time for a mongol invasion. However I am not sure if mongols this time were also struck by a typhoon, however their 2nd fleet was delayed because of a weather, however it would seem to make little difference since the main Japanese army was already on its way when they heard of the 2nd mongol invasion.
Hungary was the bastion of the east. My grandpas name was Belá too.
It's Béla.
Yeah. It also protected Europe from the Ottoman invaders (together with the Romanians). Hungary was called "the gate of Europe"
We are still the bastion.
where are u from? not Belá, Béla
@@pepita2437 And Croatians
Good job Hungary 🇭🇺 thank you
King Béla IV of Hungary left to his son, to Stephen, a prosperous, a rebuilt, a fortified kingdom in 28 years. Béla successfully concluded the alliance between the houses of Árpád and Anjou with a mutual marriage contract. In the last year of his life, in December 1269, Abbot of Monte Cassino Bernhard Ayglerius visited Hungary as the envoy of King Charles I of Anjou. He reported enthusiastically to his lord, the foreign, impartial contemporary envoy saw Béla's court as follows:
"The Hungarian royal house has incredible power, its military forces are so large that nobody in the East and the North dares even budge if the triumphant and glorious king mobilizes his army. Most of the countries and princes of the North and East belong to his empire by kinship or conquest."
Galician-Volhynian Chronicle about the second Mongol invasion:
"Talabuga went to the mountains which can be crossed in three days, but he wandered for thirty days pursued by the wrath of God, and they were so hungry that they started to eat human flesh, then they themselves began to fall, and incredible many were lost. Eyewitnesses said that there were a hundred thousand deads, and the ungodly Telebuga came back on foot and his wife on a bad nag, God made him so miserable"
Louis I of Hungary dispatched Andrew Lackfi to invade the lands of the Golden Horde in retaliation for the Tatars' earlier plundering raids against Transylvania and the Szepesség. Lackfi and his army of mainly Szekely warriors crossed the Carpathian Mountains and imposed a decisive defeat upon a large Tatar army on 2 February 1345. The Hungarian warriors were victorious in their campaign, decapitating the local Tatar leader, the brother-in-law of the Khan, Atlamïş, and making the Tatars flee toward the coastal area. The Golden Horde was pushed back behind the Dniester River, thereafter the Golden Horde's control of the lands between the Eastern Carpathians and the Black Sea weakened. We can see this event leads the establishment of Moldavia in 1346 as a Hungarian vassal state.
insightful comment...thanks
very interesting history and it made me want to know more about
Charles of Anjou and his empire...
Even though he had quite extensive holdings from France to Greece
and was King of Sicily
, there are no kings of Anjou, Anjou has been a county under Holy Roman Emperors and French kings , but not a kingdom of the middle ages,
Charles I refers to title Count of Anjou,
as was earlier predecessors like Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, who married into the Norman ruling house of England .
Really useful and informative comment! Tnx
@@chocho8036 Two Anjous, Charles Robert and his son, Louis I. became Hungarian kings though.
It looks cold there
Respect from Greece..glory to Hungary
🤝
Nice to see a video about central Europe. 👍 It would be great to also see a video about subsequent third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287-88), which was Hungary's ally, where Mongols were also succesfully repulsed. At the time the Polish High Duke was Leszek the Black very skilled leader who have also defeated the Ruthenian, Yotvingian and Lithuanian invasions before that.
Eastern Europe.. Countries considered Eastern Europe are Belarus, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine and the western part of the Russian Federation
Yes that entire period was very interesting, the Mongols as terrible as they were by being such an enemy provided the impetus to change to resist them. And in doing so changed society and history across that entire region.
@@Eric_Von_Yesselstyn No, Central Europe is at it's core: Germany, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, Slovenia and Liechtenstein. Eastern Europe is further East.
@@TheGeneralGrievous19 Hmmm... Then this direct quote from the U.N. is false? -> Eastern Europe is, as the name says, the eastern part of Europe. According to the United Nations definition, countries within Eastern Europe are Belarus, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine and the western part of the Russian Federation.
Weird.
@@Eric_Von_Yesselstyn There isn't one decent way to split Europe, it always depends on context. You can do a classic East-West division (which is obsolete but still valid in some situations), but then you end up with Finland and Greece in the wrong group. Or you can do the four way split the way UN does, which is a simplified bureaucratical classification with its own flaws like having a sizeable chunk of central and eastern Asia under Eastern Europe.
Central Europe is a cultural region heavily shaped by the HRE, Habsburgs and lands directly influenced by those. It exists because the people in the region have their own distinct culture that stands apart from the western countries of France and UK, northern lands of Scandinavia and Baltics, southern countries like Spain, Italy and Balkan countries and also the actual Eastern European Orthodox countries.
There is a current split between German and Slavic speakers in the region, thanks to several unfortunate events in 20th century, but spending a millenium together is hard to erase.
Eastern European history deserves way more attention than it gets from the wider world.
My husband, who has Mongolian ancestors (a long time ago), sent me this video. Part of my ancestry is Hungarian. This is fascinating. It's good to be a fan of history.
Tell him to watch his back lol
@@cras17 lol!
People forget how utterly smacked around the Mongols got in this war. Hungary basically one man took on the Mongols. This was supposed to be an invasion of Europe, they didn't get past Hungary. Nuts.
You mean the Golden Horde. It was never the same Mongols. The Golden Horde was more Turk than Mongol. The Mongols Of Genghis Khan brutally slayed Hungary and Poland though.
To give a broader context, the Hungarians fearing more upcoming Invasions, had started welcoming a lot of Cumans into their territory and learnt a great deal of superior warfare from them, in fact even the King of Hungarians responsible for this Partiular Invasion was partly Cuman Himself - Ladislaus the Cuman, His Father crying in despair was willing to intermingle with Mongoloid Allies for the Hungarian Monarchy's own Sake.
In th Meantime most of the Mongols In charge of Russia had already abandoned Europe, a power vacuum that was eventually filled up by Turks. Basically Cumans versus Cumans defined the second Mongol Invasion of Hungary
That was when the mongols were retreating due to civil wars. Thats why its called the golden hoard. There was 3 or 4 mongolian states at that time. It had already fractured and become other states, no longer mongolian. Most of their troops then were basically local assimilated peoples.
@@Flymoki13they brutality slain the Poles and Hungarians because they were not prepared and not knowledgeable about mongol tactics and warfare but when the 2nd mongol invasion happened the Hungarians and poles now know how to fight and defend against the mongols because of that they've thwarted and defeated the 2nd mongol invasion and also who cares if they're Turks or mongols after all they still used mongol tactics and warfare
@@supa3ek it's still a Mongolian state and they still got beaten twice by the Hungarians and poles after learning how to fight against mongols and their tactics
It’s nice to see an often ignored part of history shown here
Hungary always was a defender of western Europe. And as a thank you, brave westerners gave to Hungarians the shameful threathy of Trianon, after the first world war, deposing Hungary of two thirds of its territory, and giving it to its Europe betraying neighbors. As an American, only can admire this channel true, sincere and real presentation of history facts. Thanks.
It was never the same Mongols. The Golden Horde was more Turk than Mongol. The Mongols Of Genghis Khan brutally slayed Hungary and Poland though.
To give a broader context, the Hungarians fearing more upcoming Invasions, had started welcoming a lot of Cumans into their territory and learnt a great deal of superior warfare from them, in fact even the King of Hungarians was partly Cuman Himself - Ladislaus the Cuman, His Father crying in despair was willing to intermingle with Mongoloid Allies for the Hungarian Monarchy's own Sake.
In th Meantime most of the Mongols In charge of Russia had already abandoned Europe, a power vacuum that was eventually filled up by Turks. Basically Cumans versus Cumans defined the second Mongol Invasion of Hungary
@@Flymoki13they're still the mongols because they're in the mongol horde and the only reason the first invasion of Hungary was a success because Hungary wasn't prepared and they lack knowledge about mongol warfare and tactics I mean look what happened in the 2nd and 3rd mongol invasion all failed because Hungary and Poland finally learned how to fight and defeat the mongols and their tactics
I love it. Hungarian history is rich and very colorful and not popular to cover in the west, so I appreciate this
Thanks very much Steve!
Exactly mate! Hun hiszory is a NON-pC, has to beCANELLED CULTURE
As a hungarian, and a lover of the history good to watch these kinde of videos from not-hungarians. Many thanks for that! :)
Glad you enjoyed it!
Crazy how far the Mongols managed to go.
As a history enthusiast, I found this documentary to be both educational and captivating. The analysis of King Béla IV's reforms and the subsequent defense against the Mongols is brilliantly presented. Thank you!
I love this history. It’s so fascinating to learn about and how huge their army was back in the day.
They weren't snowflakes with cellphones as their lifelong best friends
11:32 so in a way Hungary 🇭🇺 saved europe form mongol conquest, man the king of the knights must’ve been seen as hero’s here.
Thanks for covering the defeat of the mongols, in Hungary. I have not heard of this victory of Christendom over the Mongols. 😃
Great job on this vid. Thanks. I didn’t know this part of the Mongol history. I knew they were beaten back at some point but this was comprehensive enough to give it some good context.
Giving you a thumbs up just for the cold open. Looking forward to the rest of this. Cheers!
Long Hungarian history, one of the pillars of European civilizations.
Hungarians (Huns) wanted to conquer Europe at one time too just like the Mongols. Knowing they hailed from the Altai region in Asia or somewhere around the Caspian sea. However, later they settled and mixed with the European ethnic groups.
@@hrvoj7207Hungarian did not originate from the Altai, but the Ural. Hungarians are Magyars, not Huns.
@@hrvoj7207 Half of the hun army was salvic and germanic. Not mixed. Hungarians are scythians.
Mongols of the first half of the 13th century were unstoppable, as for the latter half many nations had already managed to defeat Mongols in war ; Javanese (Majapahit), Turks (Khalji & Bahri Mamluks), Japanese, Vietnamese (Dai Viet)
Most of the work for the Japanese was done by the sea.
@@heroesytumbas Those Mongolophobic and Japanophile Typhoons caused much of a trouble indeed :D
Most of the men who were a part of the invasions of Japan under the Mongols were Korean conscripts.
By that time each were fighting the separate khanates who were at the same time fighting among themselves.
@@majungasaurusaaaa That's just fair considering these Khanates were bigger than any of these nations.
What a King!!! Legendary.
I'm so glad that I discovered this channel, thank you so much
The best I've seen detailing the wars of this time and location, I just subscribed. Congratulations to you and your team !
Welcome aboard!
I always loved the Mongols thanks to Age of Empires 2, but knowing what they did, it's nice to see Hungary crush them
Mongols like Ottomans were the enemies of civilised Western world.
They did what? Just to compare, Crusaders taking Jerusalem killed 90-95 % of population in 1097. In 1204, during the 4th Crusade, Crusaders instead of Muslims stroke fellow Christians and pillaged and conquered Constantinopol decimating population. Mongols were way more logical and tolerant in their deeds not to mention less blood thirsty. So, what did they do?
@@igorrurikovich5654 what about the head of pyramid..by Mongols...go Google yourselves first what mongol have done in their wars ....dumbfuk
@@igorrurikovich5654 like seriously to compare crusaders to the mongols and say they are more bloodthirsty is plain wrong, the devastation and mountains of the dead the mongols left in their wake was unlike anything the world had seen untill then and long after it
@@igorrurikovich5654boy stop smoking that sheet
Great video! It was very informative and good to watch. One of my ancestors was a childhood friend of Béla the IV. and he later became Palatine, so learning about this era is always special for me.
Is it the one in W and W alt hist
Nagy Magyarorszag ¡ Greetings from Mexico City
I would like to mention that 5 big mongol/tatar invasion were in hungarian/transylvanian history: 1241/42, 1285/86, 1598, 1658, and the last 1716. The last 3 attacks came from krimean tatar khanat. The sekels (székelyek) defended the mountains and basins of the Carpatians.
There are no such people as “sekels”
I'm so happy seeing RCH's video quality improve over the years
One of the forgotten great victories.
My name is Ladislav from BIG RESPECT and I am proud of that part of my origin, in addition to the Croatian one
I agree with
Bundás kenyér. It was indeed a pleasure to see a video about Hungarian history. By the way, my mother's maiden name was Balogh.
I really loved this video. I thought the background you gave to the campaign really helped to paint a good picture of the situation. lots of history channels only focus on the battles themselves.
Glad you enjoyed it! In this case, we don't have much in terms of details related to the battle. Thanks for stopping by.
These glorious moments of sacrifice for freedom need to be made into films.
In modern days, the entire operation would've been called a proper and thorough assessment of enemy forces. Neither Kievan "druzhinas" (relatively small units of professional warriors), nor the armies of the Central Asia were ready to defeat the unique army of Mongolian horsemen. Thier main charge was like a set of tidal waves: wave after wave, after wave, after wave -- until the enemy forces get crushed. King Bela just realized that what he needed was a number of breakwaters and seawalls.
YES, finally the video I've been waiting for! Thank you much! I only wish it was you narrating 😭 still a great video on a great topic! Miss the old style, but still great content, keep it up!
Glad you enjoyed it!
W from Bulgaria 🇧🇬♥️🇭🇺
Loved this. Why are people only aware of the first Hungary - mongol war
Courage at it's best.
Hungary certainly had knights before the Battle of Mohi, indeed Hungarian knights charged with Knights Templar during it. Hungary gained the first major infusion of knightly culture in the 990's, when a large contingent of them escorted the first Queen of Hungary from Bavaria to it, many settling in it, with descendants carrying on their culture, with it also spreading to the native nobility. And ever since then, there had been a continual influx of foreign nobles and their descendants becoming Hungarian aristocrats. The main reason Hungary had relatively few knights at the Battle of Mohi was due to King's relationship with the nobility, not because the country lacked them. But at the same time, it is true that a proportion of the nobility before Mohi preferred the old horse archer way of fighting, which was still competing with the knightly style for popularity. With Mohi, the knightly style certainly got a huge upswing. But I do think you heavily overstate the case about the lack of knights in Hungary before the Battle of Mohi, knightly culture was definitely the culture of a large proportion of the nobility. Still, good videos!
If one is going to take issue THAT is how one should do it. Bravo - that is well written, friend!
The only thing that could elevate this further would be to specify the type of sources you are drawing from. I think annotating a YT comment is too much to ask for, but some context might help. Examples might be: a scholarly history written by a certain author, books available in the lay press, scholarly papers, or perhaps you are an historian with access to original sources.
Regardless, thank you for sharing your input. It makes the content much more interesting!
Fair enough I hoped to emphasize that the heavily armored knight was greatly increased by the reforms of Bela IV.
@@ColdHawk For example, there is a document on the union with kingdom of Croatia created in 1102, according to which the nobles must equip armored cavalry at their own expense within the kingdom's borders and at the king's expense for war outside the kingdom's borders. It means that such type of heavy cavalry must have existed in both kingdoms. Also Venetian sources state that in the battle of Zara 1117 Hungaro-Croatian forces consisted of cavalry.
@@ColdHawk Most of the sources are in Hungarian or other local tounges.
@@marccan3267 - Very nice! Thanks for deepening the context and the discussion!
Thank you! Well done. The story of us - all of us - is so so interesting. I find myself watching these documentaries on you tube all day.
Thank you very much for this nice historical documentary! In spite of being Hungarian, I knew very little about this bloody chapter of our nation 's past. The video can definitely bring history much closer to viewers not so well informed of Hungary's battles against military invasions from the east. Köszönöm!👍❤️
That was awesome! Thank you for that excellent video and piece of history!!!
Glad you enjoyed it
I have never been exposed to the history of Central Europe. Excellent presentation.
The Knights Templar were there as well? Amazing fortitude and courage they had.
Great cultures come out of great suffering. Hungary is no exception. Art, architecture, cuisine and literature flourish in Budapest.
First of all, thank you very much for discovering Hungary in history. Just a few corrections to the excellent movie. The battle in Mohi happened on the 11th of April, 1241. The Mongol troops caused immeasurable devastation in the Eastern part and the middle of Hungary. Batu Khan's hordes could rarely cross the Danube. The Mongols destroyed several cities in the middle of the Hungarian Great Plane to the ground (eg Petermonostora, the "Gold City"). Archeological explorations (Bugac, Tazlar, Szank) started with constructing the M5 highway between Szeged and Budapest (findings are exhibited in Kecskemet). The Mongols could cross the Danube only in January and February 1242 after the Danube had iced up. Then they were heavily defeated by the Hungarian army led by IV Bela at the fort of Esztergom. The Mongol army had to leave the Carpathian Basin because of the losses. The Mongols stayed in Hungary only for nine months. The first Mongol invasion closed with the victory of the Hungarian Kingdom, too. It is only a rumor that Batu Khan had to return home because of Ogodei Khan's death for the election of the new khan to the Karakorum. In reality, Batu stayed for another ten years in Europe. After he had left the Carpathian Basin, he occupied Bulgaria, Moldavia, etc. After losing the invasion against the Hungarian Kingdom, the Mongolian warriors killed during the battles against Hungary ly buried in a strictly guarded separate cemetery in Mongolia. It is the respect from the Mongols for the Hungarian Kingdom. The final Hungarian victory over the Golden Horde happened appr. 100 years later under the leadership of the Hungarian king, I Lajos the Great at the coasts of the river Dnepr and the Black Sea.
na ja, sok idő kell még, mire az egyszerű, de legalább ostoba magyarázatok kivesznek, ha egyáltalán; kánválasztás, hát persze :D a kommented pazar and I would like to know where to find something about the mentioned archeological explorations any info is appreciated thx
@@exeaxe Ld. youtube: Szántai Lajos, Tóth Sándor, Obrusánszki Borbála, Magyarságkutató Intézet, stb. előadásai (keresőszó IV. Béla, Nagy Lajos, tatárjárás, Mongolok titkos története c. dokumentumkönyv, stb. Egyébként az archeológiai kutatások Szankon is folynak, ahol több évtizedig éltem is. Őseim tősgyökeres szankiak, sokszor láttam az ásatásokat Pétermonostorán, meg Szankon is.
I just add that wasn't last fight with Mongols in 13th century. In 1288 probably Laszlo ask Mongols for help against nobles rebels and Mongols plundered nowadays eastern Slovakia, but lords of Köszeg stopped them
A further correction is that while the traditional Hungarian history says that the Mongolians overwhelmed the Hungarians in numbers in 1241, the truth is that only 2 tumens invaded Hungary. Which means roughly 20 000 men. Béla most likely could muster a big enough army to fight the Mongols but they have lost at Mohi because they fell into the trap of feigned retreat. Thus the exaggeration of Mongol numbers has been used to conceal Béla's mistake.
@@sandornyemcsok4168 Van erre referencia?
Nincs valasz.
People keep giving Japan credits for their victories against the Mongols without doing anything while ignoring Poland and Hungaries encounter with the Mongols.
Mamluks beat the mongols face to face
@Ninja Crackpot Because the infrastructure and food to support massive armies didn't exist in europe, wars in China are just BIGGER in general due to the productivity of rice farming.
@Ninja Crackpot No, medieval Germany and France were richer than Eastern Europe (except Byzantin).Eastern Europe doesn't even have a history of civilization until Kievan Rus.
@@feminism8583 the Kingdom of Poland arose at approximately the same time as Kievan rus 900 - 1100 ad. By the 10th century the Poles we're establishing cities as far west as Gdansk, near the Germanic/Prussian states. Unless you're not counting Poles as Eastern Europeans?
@@donpietruk1517 But France and Germany have earlier history, Poland belongs to Central Europe, right? France and Germany in Western Europe were richer than Kievan Rus.Just because they are not Invaded by Mongolia, they say they are poor, talking like Mongolian centralism.
What an inspiring story. Thanks for this great presentation.
That was the most epic documentary I've ever watched. Thanks for the upload, I learned a lot!
Glad you enjoyed it!
@@RealCrusadesHistory It's interesting how history works both ways. When Alexander the Great and Rome tried pushing to far east it put strains on their armies and they soon realized that there were limits to their power and what they could do. It's the same for people like Ghengis Khan and the invading Turks when they try to push to far west.
Oh BTW Medieval Hungary was actually one of the richest european countries. Thanks to the fact, that some of 90% of all gold and silver production was made in the Carpathians. So we could afford a pretty good military. Things have changed after the discovery of America, which made gold and silver abundant. Some of the placer mining tools and techniques still holds Hungarian references regardless.
Very nice video, learned some new things. I have often heard it argued that the first Mongol campaign in Europe should have been able to advance all way to the English Channel, if only their Khan had not died in Mongolia. This video makes me think that would have been very difficult. The farther west the Horde moved, the more stone castles and Knights they would have had to deal with. I would call the battle of Mohi a Pyrrhic victory at best. Anytime a foe inflicts 25% casualties on your army at a river crossing, it should give you pause. They certainly took the first excuse they could, to retreat back to the steppes. If they were confident of victory, they never would have left.
Don't forget how the khagan is elected in the mongolian empire. The moment the seat was empty, any ambitious son of the royal clan went for the election, Batu included, so they have a chance on taking it.
stone castles and knights 😂
That would not have been possible: Europe's castles were like nothing they had seen. Not beatable with Chinese seige tech.
@@kovi567 Excuses. The numbers are clear: the mongols were decimated by Hungary for the reasons mentioned in the video.
@@hia5235 Arguments. Also as mentioned by someone else already, hungary had knights and castles already during the 1st invasion. It's just that war is a complicated thing, and trying to find a simple answer to why things happened as they did is both futile and foolish.
Thanks for the detailed video, this has always seemed like a vague part of history for me until now.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Good story, well told. I detest raiding bands because they always take advantage of virtually defenceless civilian populations. It happens in Africa quite often today. It's cowardly. But because raiders are all about speedy smash and grab they don't carry siege equipment or supplies for more than a few days and are thus vulnerable. King Bela's reforms reminded me of Alfred's fortification of his burhs (towns or strongpoints) in response to raids by the Vikings in England. Alfred nullified the Vikings apparent superiority and he and his descendants were able to defeat them repeatedly.
You cant be seriously talking about the Mongols as mere raiders praying on defenceless populations...
@@thax321 How would you describe their behaviour?
@@trailingarm63 they preyed on well defended cities too! Slaughtered innocents all over the world regardless of the quality of wall between them and their targets. What nice chaps they were.
@@trailingarm63 If you knew all the truth, you'd detest all peoples.
All have sinned.
Become a true and faithful Christian, you'd have similar people to admire.
The Mongols were the best the worl had ever known
Great work. This came together beautifully. Appreciated.
Thank you!
Any army can be beaten. Nobody's invulnerable, as countless conquerors throughout history have found out.
Very informative. Many thanks as always