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the weirdest part to me is they are ethnically linguistically and culturally not much different from the Chinese. Yet have never been seen as a part of China, at most a vassal, but usually an independant country. We could say something similar for Myanmar, but Myanmar has not had lots of wars with China and has also been less frequently and more indirectly dominated by China (I blame mountains and jungles in Myanmars case).
@@EricEngle-f1qIt's not that weird. China has been the superpower of East Asia for centuries, that's why part of Chinese culture also spread to other East Asian natians like Japan and Korea. Vietnam is basically also under the influence of the sinosphere. As for linguistically there's actually not much similarities to Mandarin. Maybe to Southern Chinese dialects like Cantonese there are but not Northern Chinese. The sentence structure and grammar is just completely different, the similarities are probably only some loan words as it was under Chinese influence for centuries. Because you need to understand that China is a country that conquered many native tribes and have assimilated over the millenia, Vietnamese were just ones that were never fully subjugated.
@@EricEngle-f1q Vietnamese genetics are not the same as Han Chinese other than a peroid of mixing in the North. As for language Vietnamese is a Austroasiatic language while Chinese is Sino-Tibetan language family they dont even belong to the same language group. Many Chinese words entered vietnamese but that does not make it the same. Example English is a Germanic language but over 60% is from Latin and norman french but that doesnt make English a Latin or Romance language. lol
I think the vietnamese have something more when it comes to war, their resilience and will to win is on another level and they proved it many times in history. Great warriors indeed.
Việt Nam chúng tôi có tình yêu nước nồng nàn,k bao giờ chịu khuất phục ngoại bang,từ cổ chí kim việt Nam đã từng đánh thắng quân Nam Hán,quân Tống,quân Nguyên Mông,quân Minh ,quân Thanh,và sau này đánh thắng 3 cường quốc mạnh nhất trên địa cầu này,tôi luôn tự hào mình mang dòng máu Việt
Vietnam's story of the 20th century is 100% the best underdog story of any country of that period. Fending off France then the US without any period of rest or break in succession, then after the US, taking on another war against the Khmer Rouge and overrunning the country in 2 WEEKS and shortly after having to fend off China in the north while the entire army was busy in Cambodia. And all of that happened between 1950-1979.
Not really. Only dumb ignorant white people believe Vietnamese communists distortion of history of portraying 20th century wars as a resistance to outsiders. That's a lazy version of history which Viet commies like to portray. It's an example of Communist marketing at play. Among Vietnamese the war is known as Nationalists vs Communists. China, USSR and Warsaw Pact countries supported communist North Vietnam and the US supported RVN (South Vietnam). In fact most of Vietnam's history, the wars are fought between Vietnamese factions for power. And usually there is a faction of Vietnamese which always rely on Chinamen for help. In the 20th century, Viet commies follow this line. They imitate Chinese (Maoist) communist political system, copied Chinese flag, and wear Chinese clothes and uniforms. PAVN officers were educated in Chinese war colleges and speak Chinese. That's why Nationalist Vietnamese hate them for their overt Chinese influence. But most white people are so ignorant of Viet history. There are a lot of jokes in Vietnam about Viet commies. Example: Di tham bac means to go visit Uncle Ho's House (Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum). But since most Vietnamese refer to Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum as the Sh*thouse, it's actually mean to go and use #2. LOL.
Everybody love Spartans, Vikings, Samurai... but Vietnamese actually were one of the if not the most formidable medieval army of all time. It's crazy what they were able to accomplish with such disadvantage
Not to mention Vietnam is also one of the first few countries to invent and effectively master gunpowdered weapons, just after China. It's only during the few reigns when the French first attack is their military technology outdated, because of how the kings during that time spend all their money extravagantly on luxurious things.
So the people of Vietnam defeated the Mongols, Chinese dynasty’s, The French Japanese and the Americans, suffered through it all and come out today with a growing thriving economy and high standard of living for its people. Vietnam you have my eternal respect and love. ❤ 🇻🇳
I've been to Vietnam, Hanoi in the north and Ho Chi Minh (Siagon)in the south and I can respectfully say that the vietnamese people are the most beautiful people I've encountered on this planet and I've been all around this planet.
Thank you for your comment, my friend. The Vietnamese always welcome true friends around the world. Give our country a visit, you'll see what I mean. See you in Vietnam soon.
The story of Vietnam’s defense against the Mongols is a remarkable chapter in history! This history documentary sheds light on the resilience and strategic brilliance that enabled Vietnam to resist one of the world’s most formidable forces. Truly inspiring to see how they turned the tide against overwhelming odds!
As a Vietnamese, I think it is truly a miracle that our country still exists today. I really don't understand how my ancestors were able to continuously defeat such powerful empires.
nhưng làm chư hầu phương bắc đến ngày nay anh ạ, tự hào quá đáng làm gì, chỉ được cái tính dồn vào chân tường thì ms khôn ra thôi chứ vẫn nhỏ nhen khôn lanh lắm
I don't think it's a miracle. The Vietnamese are the toughest, most resilient human beings I've ever seen or heard of, and so friendly, too. Best damned coffee on the planet, too.
Vietnam has been conquered by Communist China via proxy of Vietnamese Commie puppet regime, unfortunately. Another 1000 years under Chinese rule? That's not something rational Vietnamese are proud about.
The Chinese defeated them and make it a Chinese southernmost tropical province for over a thousand years. Later they made Vietnam a vassal country another thousand years. Unparalleled history of over two thousand years control.
The 10 biggest battles of Vietnam 1. Battle of Bach Dang (938 year) 2. Battle of Nhu Nguyet (1077) 3. Battle of Dong Bo Dau (1258) 4. Battle of Bach Dang (1288) 5. Battle of Chi Lang - Xuong Giang (1427) 6. Battle of Rach Gam - Xoai Mut (1785) 7. Battle of Ngoc Hoi - Dong Da (1789) 8. Dien Bien Phu Campaign (1954) 9. Battle of Dien Bien Phu in the air (1972) 10. Ho Chi Minh Campaign (1975)
Joke: in a crowded bar in Saigon, a Singaporean man told a Vietnamese bartender that "we have Singapore Sling, do you think of having a Vietnam Cocktail? The Viet Bartender said: "we already had one which everyone must think of Vietnam when having it" Singaporean man looked at the Viet Bartender with surprise and suspicion; then the Viet Bartender made a B52 cocktail in front of the Singaporean man, he burned the top layer of alcohol, and said that the B52 was only shot down and burned in the sky over Vietnam. "The drink is on me", he smiled with the Singaporean man.
Vietnam's history is unmatched. It is a unique and unusual due to Vietnam's long standing history of having successfully defeated the world's great powers. The Vietnamese are the one and only people in human history that had completely defeated the unbeatable Mongol army, not once, not twice, but three times before forever ending Genghis Khan's dream of conquering the whole world! Also, Vietnam is the one and only country in the world that had fought the Chinese for about 2,000 years triumphantly defeating all the powerful Chinese dynasties including Qin, Wu, Han, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing. In addition, the French invasion of Vietnam by Napoleon III began with the first attack on Vietnam in September 1858 after the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte known as Napoleon I had conquered much of Europe, and finally ended with the French defeat in Dien Bien Phu in 1954. This eventually brought an end to a 100 year domination of the French colonialism in Indochina, which eternally changed the course of human history leading to one of the bloodiest wars of the 20th century-the Vietnam War, and later came the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War where China was crushed by Vietnam, according to nationalinterest, not to mention the 1978 Cambodian-Vietnamese War bringing an end to the genocidal Chinese-backed Khmer Rouge regime. With its unique history of resisting the world's great powers, Vietnam is still Vietnam today as the symbol of the Biblical epic David versus Goliath.
@@blurli271 if you say that is true why even today Vietnam still standing and still aim missile to your ship and your government can't do anything even can't send a bunch fighter jet stop them or even embargo them but then nothing happened .Maybe China doesn't accept the fact Vietnam is powerhouse maybe CCP need to spend more money to help half a billion people in China no access to home first instead stick nose into Vietnam
@@harriusk4u i believe those who show interest in history have a higher intelligence and curiosity about the world around them. your kid will be very smart
@@Gabryal77Nah.. Afghanistan is the king of resistance. I'm sure modern Vietnam would never survive the US occupation like Afghanistan did.. They even established a Taliban government right after the US left.
@@Otto45nah. The us fought way harder in nam than it did afghanistan. Afghanistan was toppled in about a year, the next 20 were us funtioning as a police force and pouring billions into a corrupt blackhole of a government in the naive belief that everyone wants a liberal democracy and will fight for it given half the chance. Also, the taliban only had to keep one road fucked up for occupiers to not be able to resupply while vietnam is literally a coast.
@@Otto45 Afghanistan is the king of misery they are so dumb and hopeless that nobody see a point to invest money in them to make infrastructure with the main goal of carry out sources. They did not made empires collapse they just cut their advance and colonization nothing more but while doing this they are living no better than wild animals.
Tran Hung Dao (1228-1300) was a Vietnamese military strategist and commander who played a crucial role in the defense of Vietnam against Mongol invasions during the 13th century. He is often credited with the famous saying: "Chiến thắng ở chỗ kiên nhẫn, không phải ở chỗ mạnh mẽ." This can be translated to English as: "Victory is in patience, not in strength." This quote reflects Tran Hung Dao's emphasis on strategic patience and perseverance in the face of challenges, suggesting that success in warfare and life comes not only from raw power but also from careful planning, resilience, and the ability to endure difficulties.
There were 2 famous battles of Bạch Đằng river. One occured in year 938 A.D. by King Ngô Quyền against Southern Han navy. With the victory of this battle Việt Nam regain independence from China, ending 1,000 years of china occupation. 350 years later, in year 1228, supreme general Trần Hưng Đạo defeated Mongo navy with the same tactic on Bạch Đằng river again.
@@hoangkybactien7207 3 battle of Bạch Đằng. The other one is Lê Đại Hành (981) against Song Dynasty. And Long Tinh Kỳ of Vietnamese ancestor dont have 3 stripes. Please stop using 3 ///, which reminder of French vassal Flag, yellow flag with three blue stripes. It is an disgrace to Vietnamese ancestor to use 3/// flag.
Tran Hung Dao is hands down Vietnam's greatest general. This man was a legend revered by the Vietnamese people more than any other kings or generals in Vietnamese history.
The battle of Bach Dang river was an epic victory. Prince Hung Dao used the very same tactics the Vietnamese had used in 938 in the first battle of Bach Dang river against the invading Southern Han troops. That battle is even more famous, as it ended about thousand years of Chinese rule, and marked the beginning of an independent Vietnamese state.
Bạn ơi. Trần Hưng Đạo không phải hoàng tử ( không phải con vua) ông ấy là dòng dõi tôn thất họ Trần ( cha ông ấy là tướng quân) và chính tài năng bộ nộ sớm khi còn trẻ tuổi mà ông ấy được triều đình, nhà vua phong cho vị trí thống lĩnh toàn bộ quân đội ( Tiết chế Hưng Đạo Đại Vương).
Vietnamese politeness is very heroic, and Vietnamese culture is very unique, so unique that only Vietnamese people like to eat dog meat and foreigners do not.
Same royal family, but an older adoptive branch settled in Korea before. They fell into poverty at the military dictatorship era. One of them, Yi-Ui-Min became dictator. He is not remembered well but interesting nonetheless.
Personally, I think Vietnam's history is probably the most intriguing in the world because it's unique and unusual. The Mongols according to historians are still regarded as the mightiest, deadliest and most feared military force of all time even though they existed more than 8 centuries ago. The Mongol army of roughly 200,000 troops was able to wipe out all the powerful Chinese dynasties and finally successfully conquered the entire China with a population of over 180 million people in the 13th century! With its unbeatable army, the mighty Mongol Empire peaked its power under the command of the legendary Mongol general and statesman Kublai Khan controlling roughly 28 million sq. km of territory from the Pacific Ocean to central Europe, which is 3 times as large as the land area of the present day China and almost double that of Great Russia. However, even the mighty Mongol Empire had been unable to conquer the teeny tiny Southeast Asian country known as Dai Viet! It's said looks can be deceiving. In the bloody Bach Dang River battle in 1288, the Vietnamese army led by the Vietnamese Prince Hung Dao triumphantly defeated the unbeatable Mongol army, twice its size and completely sank the entire fleet of Mongol giant warships. The Bach Dang River battle has been the outstanding and incomparable naval battle ultimately destroying the last Mongol invasion of Dai Viet. The fact that the Vietnamese prince had fully understood the natural scientific phenomenon of the rising and falling tides of the Bach Dang river and placed the wooden stakes along the river bed to impale and destroy the Yuan China's naval fleet, has been a mystery challenging and intriguing modern historians' understanding. How could the Vietnamese ancestors known as the one and only people in human history more than 1,000 years ago, come up with such an ingenious and unique strategy to totally crush their powerful invaders including the mightiest and deadliest Mongol army? In fact, the unbeatable Mongol army being bitterly defeated 3 times by the Vietnamese people in the 13th century, eventually ended Genghis Khan's dream of conquering the entire world and forever changed the course of the world history. Again in the 20th century, emulating his ancestor's battle on the Bach Dang River against the invading armies of the Mongol Empire and the Han Chinese dynasties over 600 years ago, the legendary Vietnamese General Vo Nguyen Giap's Dien Bien Phu Battle on land against the French in 1954, in fact brought an end to a 120 year domination of the French colonialism in Indochina, which eternally changed the course of human history leading to one of the bloodiest wars of the 20th century-the Vietnam War. In the Vietnam War known to the Vietnamese people as the Great Patriotic War to unify North and South Vietnam, the Ho Chi Minh Trail system is considered "one of the great achievements of 20th century military technology", according to the US National Security Agency. Military experts added, The legendary Ho Chi Minh Trail running from North to South Vietnam, has been considered a strategic feat, and a unique phenomenon in contemporary world military history. The trail with the length of more than 20,000km (over 12,500 miles) cutting through forests and mountains, is a magnificent construction project in human military history. The Ho Chi Minh Trail is the symbol of the indomitable will of the Vietnamese people to determine to overcome all the brutality of war and all the deadly obstacles of harsh nature on the vast mountains and in the dense forests despite the fact that more than 20,000 Vietnamese soldiers had lost their lives, 6,000 are still missing in action, and more than 30,000 were seriously wounded to keep the vital trail open under the overwhelming pressure of more than 4 million tons of the carpet bombing by the B-52 aircraft. The Ho Chi Minh Trail represents the Vietnamese people's desire for independence, freedom and the national unification. Things change and the world changes, but their iron will to unify their war-torn country as one nation, is forever engraved in stone. In the past, even after a 1,000-year domination, all the powerful Chinese Han dynasties had utterly bitterly failed to assimilate the Vietnamese into the Han Chinese. And big and populous China with over 4.000 years, is still unable to conquer Vietnam. Vietnam is still Vietnam standing tall today. In his book Ending the Vietnam War in Vietnam, Henry Kissinger (RIP) - former US secretary of state and national security adviser wrote: "Since Vietnam, the concept of power has radically changed." "Vietnam represented a unique situation, geographically, ethnically, politically, militarily and diplomatically," he wrote in the memorandum, which was declassified in 1998.
In Tran Dynasty, Tran Hung Dao used 2 unique strategies. One of those is "Vườn không nhà trống" that may translate to English is "Empty ground, empty house", this strategy is so effective to defend against Mongol army, because Mongol army usually pillaged food in the country where they invaded. Thanks to the successes in the invasion at a lot of countries with that strategy, Mongol invaded Vietnam, and then they were defeated. Other strategy is planting wooden stakes on the river bottom and taking advantage of the tides invented in Ngo Quyen Dynasty in 938, Tran Dynasty inherited and applied it so well.
Vietnam successfully staying itself for as long as it has, is nothing short of incredible. So many groups and nations with immense power have tried to take over that small bit of land with no real long term success. Regardless of how I feel about Vietnam and its more recent history (since the 50s), I give them a LOT of credit for this.
I mean, Vietnam is far from alone in being a country with its own identity and it's not like Vietnam is not a poor, corrupt 3rd world country where most of its big traditions stem from China and where 50% of its word are from Chinese.
The recent history of Vietnam has prolonged its tradition of independence and strong will. Vietnam is one of the few countries in Asia that can say no to both the USA and China. You can compare, in terms of politics, the interactions between Vietnam and the USA and those of Japan or South Korea with the USA. I can guarantee that Vietnam can sway the USA more than Japan or South Korea can.
Would you by any chance know where, in the bible, is your mother's origin? I'm trying to understand who is who today, by the nations biblically. Any kind of info would be appreciated.
Waaaaaaay back, when training to fight in SVN, I started reading Vietnamese/Annamese history. I read book after book, I’ve never really stopped. Of all I’ve read, two statements I came across really struck a cord in my mind. The first was a statement “70 years is but the blink of an eye”, this was attributed to Uncle Ho, but it predates him by a thousand years. The second was a statement “A victory that results in 90% casualties is still a victory”. A cohesive population with only those two guidelines can’t be beaten, can’t be conquered, can’t be occupied. Any attempt to breed them out, migrate them out or exterminate them, will fail.
@@angkhoanguyen6114 no it’s not, the US “lost” because it refused to use its full might. At any time the US could have, if there was the political will, have crushed the North. Even then, after Tet, if the bombing campaign had been renewed and the ground forces beefed up, I believe the North would have dissolved into Civil War. The Tet losses were so horrendous for the North. You may recall, after Tet, Giap lost his power and became an empty figurehead. After Tet, the North moved from military to Political, they won in Paris what they had lost in Tet. Having said all that, I believe the North wasted about 2,000,000 Vietnamese lives in the war. If Ho had been reasonably clever, after Dien Ben Phu, he would have economically and politically conquered the South. If Ho had been truly brilliant, after the French left, he would have had an open breach with the Chinese (which his political descendants did), openly dissolved the Communist Party (see Indonesia) and become a client state of the US. But those cards didn’t fall that way and over 2,000,000 Vietnamese and 100,000 Americans died.
@@anthonyburke5656 too bad those are merely myth, your army lost countless battles during the war, and besides you had half of the country to use as meat shield so that you can lose less soldiers. But no, in the end like many invaders that came to Vietnam, you lost the war and forced to leave the country for good. The Tet Offensive gave the North and the VC more advantage as it dealt mental damage, and even after that both the NLF and the PAVN still continued to fight while yours lost morale!
@@angkhoanguyen6114 oh Dear, you are a product of indoctrination. I do concede that Tet was a psycho local turning point. Do you seriously say that the war that cost (in my estimate) 2,000,000 Vietnamese dead to less than 60,000 US dead was “won”? Have you ever heard of a “Pyrrhic” Victory? What I was trying to say, not so clearly I concede, is that if the Norths leaders had been a tiny bit clever, they could have achieved unification sooner, with better outcomes and no loss of life. The “iron hand in the velvet glove” approach isn’t that hard to manage, it was open to the leaders in the North, but they became fixated on the military solution for over 10 years (from Dien Ben phu to the Paris Accords) when all that was really needed was some political wiles! Who was the loser? Not the US, after all, the US lost 20 times more casualties to Covid in 2 years than it lost in 10 years+ in Vietnam. Vietnam lost a whole generation, both in the North and the South AND 2,000,000 adult workers and untold infrastructure and economic development. The horror of the war was the opportunity cost of the war as well as the lives and treasure it consumed.
I like your comment -- We VIetnamese love peace, enjoy the life, we have beautiful country and ... so many good food !!! -- we like make friendship with every ones ... We only get to fight if there's no choice .....
Holy heck!! KINGS AND GENERALS, You truly reign supreme in terms of youtube historical documentation!! I absolutely love the mongol series youve been doing. Cant wait for the Javanese vs Mongols!
As someone who studied Vietnamese history at a Vietnamese university, I find this video pretty nice to watch. Trần Hưng Đạo is still considered a national hero in Vietnam. Thank you for the video, which is a lot more interesting to watch than the history books I was reading :D
@@angkhoanguyen6114 The fact is that the generals who defeated the Mongols and the then King of Vietnam were both descendants of Chinese immigrants. During the Ming Dynasty, 200,000 troops were sent to conquer Vietnam. At that time, there were 1 million Vietnamese troops. Twenty years later, the Mong minority in Vietnam rebelled and successfully drove away the Ming army. Otherwise, the Vietnamese would have become Chinese 🤣🤣🤣🤣
The problems with attacking Vietnam is not only the resistance from the people, but also the environment, the weather and terrains that are very difficult for conventional warfare.
These environment and weather factors are way overblown. Yuan used a lot of Southern Chinese troops who basically live in the same climate and experience the same weather everyday. As for the terrains not suited for conventional warfare, this is also BS. Vietnamese history books never taught history properly so even most Vietnamese are not aware how the wars were fought in Vietnam. If you look closely, they were basically full of conventional battles. Early Le - Song war, Ly - Song wars, Tran - Yuan wars, Later Le - Ming war, Tay Son - Qing war, all were fought conventionally. This doesn't count all the times they were invaded by Champa and the times they invaded Champa. How do you think Le Thanh Tong razed Vijaya? With guerilla warfare? No, he bombarded Vijaya with cannons and gunpowder. Oh, and don't forget all the civil wars in 16th-19th centuries where everyone was fighting with muskets, cannons, and frigates/ships of the lines, each with 30-60 cannons. Guerilla warfare in Vietnam before 20th century was in fact very rare, it was always conventional warfare.
@@HiThere-eg1iq you do know that sure conventional warfare will win at first, but to occupy long time, you have to shift to more specialized warfare, like mountain warfare, jungle warfare and swampy warfare. The Vietnamese can just stay hidden in the high mountains and thick jungle, so that large body of troops will not be able to penetrate the thick foliage and terrains.
As for why it was difficult to invade Vietnam, the main reason is that they have always had mandatory military service. In most countries, when a lord raises an army, it is usually a small fighting core of knights/samurais supplemented with untrained peasants. In medieval Vietnam, when you raise an army, it is an army of trained soldiers. Every male in the fighting age must enlist, and for a couple of months every year they have to serve in the military and receive training. Because of this, Viet dynasties can afford to lose so many battles without losing the war. If they lose a battle, they just need to go south, raise a new army by calling up trained soldiers, and go again. Tran-Yuan war is a prime example of this. Yuan dynasty got some early successes, then Tran dynasty went south, raised some new armies, and counter-attacked.
@@huytra8157Did you even understand what I said? The Vietnamese had always used conventional warfare to beat the invaders. Most wars in Vietnam were fought conventionally and won conventionally. Early - Le war, Early Le won by defending the key fortress of Binh Lo. Ly - Song wars, Ly successfully defended Nhu Nguyet rampant. Le - Ming war, Le won by conventional offensives encircling key cities and defeating reinforcements coming from China. Tay Son - Qing war, Tay Son rolled and smoked Qing army with superior firepower. This doesn't count all the civil wars in 16th-19th centuries and all the wars against Champa. Your ancestors fought conventionally very well, and had the most modern and advanced army in the whole Asia in 16th-19th century. It is a shame that Vietnamese history books didn't teach real history so most Vietnamese don't know how their ancestors fought.
As a Vietnamese American I appreciate Kings and Generals authentic documentaries, blocking out biases from either side of history. This just to show how your own egos can kill you quicker than a bullet even after two previous failed attempts. Supplies are the bloodline of an army. It was crucial that you pointed out the Yuan’s supply fleets were party decimated by a storm before getting finished by the Viet’s Naval force. It seems like that was the second time the Yuan’s forces had lost their mandate from heaven including The Devine Wind in Japan.
Thật không may khi nền điện ảnh của Việt Nam chưa phát triển và chưa có kinh phí ..và còn nhiều đi tích lịch sử đã bị tàn phá trong chiến tranh vẫn chưa được phục dựng
It would be great but the problem is that most Vietnamese people have a false idea or have no clue about the culture in pre-modern Vietnam, they still think for instance that Vietnamese people during the Trần dynasty dressed in áo dài like during the 20th century (the áo dài is the dress worn by the imperial princess at 10:06 that is totally out of place). If a movie was made with a more accurate representation of the Trần dynasty, the Vietnamese audience would complain that it looks Chinese. Unfortunately, mainly because of ignorance and modern sinophobia, I don't think there will be a good movie about ancient Vietnam anytime soon.
Is very hard to make movies at that period Vietnam peoples mostly not except the fact they dress like Chinese people. I hope one day they will change their perspectives about the history and open mind about it period, then the movie could be make …Vietnam and china at that time culture and everything else very similar…
In the 20th century, there was a war in which the Vietnamese pulled cannons weighing many tons using their own human power to the tops of mountains to bombard fortresses that the French thought were invincible. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was a battle that surprised the whole world
@@thienloi01another reason because during Ming Dynasty occupation of Đại Viet, they burned all documents, literatures, poems and manuscripts, destroyed temples of past Vietnamese dynasties in order to wipe out Vietnamese culture for easier assimilation to the Ming empire, that ironically also mirror when the Qin invaded Bronze Age city states of Vietnam, it backfired spectacularly and consequences to Vietnam that they don’t know what the Tran or Lý used to wear or customs. It sad but it also justified the reason why Vietnamese becoming more and more Sinophobia throughout the history.
@cuongthioicuoi8688 tôi lớn rồi và cũng đã ko còn học trong trường để nghe giảng nữa. Những bài giảng của thầy cô đã qua rất xa rồi. Chỉ là những video ngẫu nhiên tôi tìm về Việt Nam trên mạng và muốn cảm ơn lịch sự tới công việc của ngta thôi. Bạn ko ưng cmt của tôi thì thôi cũng ko cần quá gay gắt.
Thông tin họ đưa không chính hoàn toàn đâu bạn, trong cuộc tấn công lần thứ 3, với tháng mà quân Nguyên Mông chọn tấn công Việt Nam thì làm gì có bão. Hải quân Nguyên Mông nó đi làm 2 đợt, đợt đầu là tàu chiến, đợt sau là hậu cần ít sự phòng bị hơn nên Trần Hưng Đạo đã tập kích phá hủy bằng hỏa công. Đoàn tàu chiến đi trước thì mới bị bẫy cọc gỗ khi rút lui sau đó.
@@ucngocnguyen8938 chuyện ko có bão thì tôi biết. Sử gia hoặc các youtuber làm sử họ tham khảo nhiều nguồn khác nhau, chính thống hoặc ko chính thống. Đôi khi có đưa cả ý kiến chủ quan của họ. Việc mình chọn lọc thông tin để nghe và tiếp thu là tuỳ thuộc cá nhân mình thôi. Như tôi đã nói ở trên, là một lời cảm ơn lịch sự khi họ đã để ý và nghiên cứu lịch sử Việt Nam thôi. Họ làm một video cũng rất đầu tư nữa. Cảm ơn bạn đã trả lời tôi và thông tin thêm. Chứ như bạn ở trên bụp vào hỏi ngta tiến hoá ngược à thì rất vô duyên.
@@SuChi146noi hay….nhieu khi nguoi chien thang viet su ,,,chua Chac la Su that 100%….nhu kieu trung quoc viet Su cua ho… co vai nhan vat tu cho Minh la Gioi…hoc vet..vai quyen sach Giao khoa…..lai to Ra Thông Thái….dung la con ech deo kính ngoi trong gieng😂😂😂
I come from Vietnam, I'm always proud of my country's heroic history, I always wonder what foreigners think about my country's history, I accidentally saw your video on TH-cam, I didn't expect Other countries also know and care about my country's history, I thank you very much for your video
Im from Morocco and i respect very much the vietnamese, they're amongst the strongest people in the world and they proved it many times. True warriors.
@@TheWillofD7978đã từng có 200 người lính Maroc phục vụ trong quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam trong cuộc kháng chiến chống thực dân pháp. Những người lính Maroc dũng cảm mạnh mẽ tuyệt vời đó là những người anh hùng dân tộc thực sự 😊
Mongols: “should be an easy conquest as China control it for one thousand years" Vietnamese: “mongols horses have short legs and not faster than our barefoot soldiers" Mongol of today: "But they still our tributary state under our control for a hundred years.
@@letmecook-n8s Yes, that was the prince of the Ly Dynasty in Vietnam. After the Tran Dynasty coup, he took refuge in Korea and became a Korean general, he commanded the war against the Mongols in this country
@@trongds I didn't know a Vietnamese general has participated in the war in korea against the mongols until now, i must have say i really admire the vietnamese people for their heroic mentality and great strategic actions to response to the enemies.
Bởi vì Việt Nam là một quốc gia nhỏ, sẽ bị các nước lớn phủ nhận một cách lố bịch ( chấm dứt nạn diệt chủng khơme đỏ ở Campuchia là một ví dụ điển hình cách đây không lâu). Nhưng những trận thắng mang tính thay đổi cục diện khu vực và thế giới thời điểm mà nó diễn ra không ai có thể phủ nhận ( chiến thắng quân mông cổ làm suy yếu quân mông cổ khiến họ không thể mở rộng lãnh thổ ở khắp nơi và dần bị đánh bại bởi các nước xung quanh, chiến thắng Pháp+ Mỹ chấm dứt chế độ thực dân đế quốc ở Đông Dương là niềm cảm hứng của toàn bộ các nước thuộc địa trên toàn thế giới đứng lên chiến đấu giành độc lập)
"a luck" to defeate Imperium ? -- luck never comes in 3 days, may be in 3 years or 30 years !!! so you must be strong and have courage to survive 30 years - and you win. !!!
Can't believe they successfully fended off the Mongols - one of the most fearsome army of the history not once, not twice but three times with a great disadvantage. What an army!
We pretty much devoured the Khmer empire in the middle of the 19th century. If not because of the French, you cannot see Cambodia in the world's map now.
This is such an interesting part of history that usually gets footnote treatment. Meanwhile the Mongols are treated like an invincible army instead of just another (admittedly amazing) war machine. Its also a hreat example of difficult this country is to fight in.
@@GodsBlessing00 The fact is that Vietnam was ruled by China for a thousand years, by France for 80 years, and by princes from Sichuan, China for 50 years. Even after independence, the Vietnamese dynasty was basically established by Han immigrants, except for The Later Le Dynasty founded by the Mong minority
I am a Vietnamese person, I am proud that our ancestors have always fought to bring peace to the nation. I'll correct you one question That was the time when our writing was similar to Chinese characters. But it's not Chinese. It is Vietnamese. Thank you for your great video. Wishing you many good videos about history
it's just chinese characters mixed with some some modified chinese characters for native viet words, the role is not unlike hiragana in japanese or even written cantonese...and before people say it's the same as latin and vietnamese that is used today, it's different, a person who can read latin alphabets will not be able to understand vietnamese now even if they can somehow read it but a chinese person will be able to read a large portion of the vietnamese text(minus the chu nom) and understand the general meaning even though they won't be able to pronounce it because it's a logogram.Yeah it's not quite chinese but it's not entirely uniquely vietnamese too. Go take a walk around saigon or hanoi and see how many chinese words you can find around the historical structures and temples you can find if you can read chinese.
@lyhthegreat Maybe google translate translates your words I don't understand. But there is a passage where you say that most Chinese people can read Vietnamese. Except for the word NOM, it's wrong.
Fun fact: before the 3rd invasion, king Nhân Tông (mentioned as Trần Khâm in the vid) consulted prince Hưng Đạo for strategy. He (reportedly calmly) answered: "this year they're a piece of cake". It can be interpreted that prince Hưng Đạo understood that our people and troops were already familiar with their scorched earth-type of stragegy (abandoning Thăng Long), or that he knew the Yuan had lost its major elite forces (i.e. the native Mongolians, in contrast to the Han-Chinese ones conscripted from former Song) and couldn't come up with any inovative strategy. Therefore he had no doubt that victory was already in his hand. Prince Hưng Đạo still remains the proudest, most venerable historical figure of our folks (together with Quang Trung - but that's a different story). All Vietnamese people regardless of political alignment agree on this one. Even during the separation of Vietnam war.
In Vietnam, they have a phrase that translates to English the King's law loses to the Village's rule, which shows that villages are based factor to build up the country which they have now
@vanyac6448and people still rise up fight france until 1954 so they not fully submit to france , at that time they don't have a right leader that to unite them to fight the france that all
Great video! But there are some mistakes: 1. Lí and Trần dynasties did not fully speak Chinese in their courts. They wrote in Chinese, but spoke in Vietnamese and Chinese. 2. The Vietnamese rulers were not kings, but emperors. They only submitted themselves kings to China, but declared themselves emperors to everywhere else. They even had vassal and tributary states. You can read more about this foreign relations concept that was actually quite widespread in East Asia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_at_home,_king_abroad 3. Trần Khâm was the emperor's real name. His dad's real name was Trần Hoảng. Trần Hoảng's temple name was Trần Thánh Tông, and Trần Khâm's temple name was Trần Nhân Tông. It would be great if you guys can be more consistent with name choices for Sinospheric rulers. If you're gonna use temple names, use it for all of them.
Emperors do not submit to other emperors, that doesn't make any sense. They were local vassal state rulers that paid tributes to their emperor in China.
@@darthvadeth6290 it doesn't make any sense to you because you don't understand the political situation of ancient East Asia. Please do research on the concept of "Emperor at home, king abroad". Multiple states in history have done so. And by your logic, we shouldn't call the Japanese ruler emperor either since they historically submitted to China.
Thực tế. Việc gọi người đứng đầu trung quốc thời trung cổ vơis người đứng đầu Việt Nam chỉ là hình thức ngoại giao:)) việc vua gặp vua là không có chỉ qua lại thư( chiếu chỉ) và sứ thần
@@Kenjiunovtthực tế VN là chư hầu. Vua Việt muốn lên ngôi chính danh phải được hoàng đế TQ sách phong. Ta cũng phải cống nạp rất nhiều nhưng đó cũng là chính sách khôn ngoan của ta. Một mặt hoà hoãn với phía Bắc, một mặt mở rộng xuống phía Nam. Thực tế dân tộc Việt Nam là một dân tộc hùng mạnh, một trong số ít các dân tộc không bị sát nhập vào TQ. Hãy nhìn nước Đại Lý rộng lớn một thời giờ không còn tên trên bản đồ, hay trước đó là hàng chục quốc gia bị sát nhập vào TQ. Việc các quốc gia sát nhập với nhau trở thành một quốc gia lớn là quy luật tự nhiên, như cá lớn nuốt cá bé, cũng như các bộ lạc liên kết với nhau trở thành nước Văn Lang, hay như Văn Lang sát nhập với Âu Việt thành Âu Lạc. So với TQ, chúng ta là con cá nhỏ nhưng con cá nhỏ này đủ khôn ngoan và đủ sức mạnh để không bị nuốt.
@@darthvadeth6290 Chinese emperor used this as an excuse to invade all the times. Do not think of this as weakness from the Viet side cus if China was strong enough in a period they could just invade without a valid reason (China was like the strongest nation on earth so that’s something to consider)
People love to meme about Vietnam's rice farmers, but forget that-for most of history-professional armies were raised by agrarian-based civilizations, such as Rome, Persia, and China. Vietnam, like Feudal Japan, was a fierce warrior nation that was not only proud and united but also knew how to fight in its tropical terrain extremely well. Even the Chinese who conquered Vietnam for 1,000 years were eventually kicked out after a thousand years of continuous resistance.
Vestiges of decentrialised village-level martial traditions survive nowadays in traditional village games like wrestling, marching and martial arts competitions. This means that training soldiers for war was something all villages did, all the time. When the time came, great armies could be called up at a moment's notice to fight then quickly return to economic activities after wars. But it also means the central power sitting in Thăng Long couldn't get too uppity with the peasants, otherwise there would be lots of spears pointing at their throats.
i actually think the rice farmer meme fit the most in this case. Vietnamese doesnt built, or train to be super warrior. They weaker than northern enemy. But the will, is what keep people fighting. Vietnamese peoples have a strange behavior about patriotism. They originally live in a tribe, small group community. Thats their idea of nation and where patriotism come from. Someone cant even accept to be away from his birthplace. Refugee is non exist in the mind of a majority of population. Thats why they fight. Because they cant think of a life without this community of their. If someone want to ruined it. They prefer to fight and die with it than flee.
Please explain the One thousand years of being part of China's control. That's a mind boggling figure. That's the most unrated event in history some people hope many will forget !
@@jacku8304 Ye it was true that we got conquered and became China's territory for a fking thousand years but guess who survived and beat the heck outta them ?
That's because Vietnam is the brains like Sinosphere: Taiwan (ROC), Japan & Korea. The brains are smart and secret figures, especially if they are on the good side & they’re fighting for people, country & freedom.
@@youngvvyoungonevv8798 No. Japan did not won over any superpower nor hurt them so bad that they stopped/retreated. It eventually got occupied although it didn’t really got invaded and had to fight on its mainland. Even in ancient times, Kamikaze typhoons are natural phenomenons so that doesn’t even count against Mongols and its allies.
-first in correction: the Chinese language wasn't the official language of the court but Medival Vietnamese, the Trần Clan had Chinese origin but had been assimilating into Vietnamese culture and language for the last 2 centuries, the Han characters were used for writing but the Chinese would be confused because we wrote it as we pronounced thus appearing grammatically wrong, and nonsensical to the Chinese. -second, Islam only came to Champa during the 15th century so before that Champa was Hindu. -Third, the first invasion, according to the main Vietnamese source in the 15th century, was that Thăng Long was abandoned and its population evacuated but the Mongol rapid advance most likely forced the court to abandon the capital with 30.000 of its inhabitants. -Fourth, the first Mongol invasion was an utter defeat for Đại Việt, but we managed to save face, counter-attacked, and recapture Thăng Long, most likely garrisoned by 20.000 Yi soldiers brought there by the Mongol in addition to 30.000 Mongol in the first place.
The earliest agricultural societies that cultivated millet and wet-rice emerged around 1700 BCE in the lowlands and river floodplains of Indochina.So one could argue that it was the Viets that founded China
@@expatstone8310That’s nonsensical lol, China’s heartland is further north in the Central Plains, while ancient Vietnamese, Au Viet and Lac Viet live much further South in today’s Southern China, we were then push down further south to what is now modern day Northern Vietnam by the Han. The only thing that can be argue here is who grow rice first cause Northern China’s climate aren’t suitable for growing rice, but China definitely started with the Han’s predecessor the Huaxia.
your 1st point is also wrong. Han characters were used for writing, yes, but they wrote in standard Classical Chinese, which is completely legible to an average Chinese. Every modern Chinese can read Vietnamese sources written in the courts with ease. The one you're thinking about is the Nôm script, which most Chinese can't read, but they were only used informally, never in court writings.
@@conho4898 I think modern Chinese can guesstimate Vietnamese written courts scripture, but not do so "with ease". Besides, Chữ Nôm actually was used in courts during the Trần dynasty, not just informally. We did not have proof of them doing so extensively, partially because of Chinese vandalism during the Ming invasion. There were records of this kind of literature being applied in national examination during the period.
The sheer scope of the Mongol empire is crazy, in the show Marco Polo, Kublai khan states “ Alexander the Great has 20 cities named after him, I now control them all “ that sent chills down my spine
Khan could not control Hung and Dong, which the Vietnamese had plenty off. There is a reason Vietnamese are known as Kinh people, which stand for dominant.
That river spike strategy was genius, they destroyed a massive fleet by simply turning a powerful armada into a sitting duck. This was also how the Vietnamese defeated the Chinese invaders many centuries prior when they were also invaded by China.
But how do you explain the over a thousands of being controlled by China and almost a thousand years of being vessel and tributary states to China ? Remember it is a thousands years and nor few hundred years. It also changed your looks and color of your S.E.Asian skin tone. Your S.E.Asian culture was almost eradicated too.
@@jacku8304 it was later independence and not even becoming them so thousand years of being China's slave doesn't mean much if they can't make it forever China dominated but still having many rebellions against them for each hundred years so they didn't actually control the land, they took the land but they couldn't make people a slave forever
@@diephoainambui9682 That's a very dumb argument. China dominated Vietnam for 1000 years. That means a lot. 1000 years is a lot, lol Your expectation that as long as something a country doesn't get wiped out "forever" then it's not a defeat is just a crazy standard that nobody uses. By your standard, even Native Americans in America cannot be described as "defeated" by Western colonizers, because they are still alive and still own land in America, lol
@@darthvadeth6290 i don't say that it didn't get defeated, I only said that they couldn't keep Vietnam as a part of its land forever cuz in the end Vietnam are free from it so it doesn't mean much
This is fascinating. I actually visited Vietnam around this time last year, which got me really interested in their history. I was especially interested to hear a bit about Thang Long, since I actually got to see it in person.
Vietnam have gotten better over the years. Electricity still goes out sometime which is annoying. Wonder what the deal with Vietnam Power Grid. Vietnam need better power sources. Also, a bowl of Pho in Vietnam is only 2 dollars, while in the United States, at minimum, it cost 12 dollars for a bowl of pho. Fucking rip off.
Chinese was not the official language of the court. It was Vietnamese, and Chinese characters were used to record the spoken language - just like Latin alphabet is used to record Vietnamese language today.
The fact is that the generals who defeated the Mongols and the then King of Vietnam were both descendants of Chinese immigrants. During the Ming Dynasty, 200,000 troops were sent to conquer Vietnam. At that time, there were 1 million Vietnamese troops. Twenty years later, the Mong minority in Vietnam rebelled and successfully drove away the Ming army. Otherwise, the Vietnamese would have become Chinese
@@祖宗-q9d Perhaps you need to review your historical knowledge. 1st: At the time the Vietnamese attacked the Mongols, it was the Tran Dynasty (ending its 3rd year in 1288), there was no Ming Dynasty yet (Chu Nguyen Chuong was born in 1328), 2nd: The Tran Dynasty was completely different from the people. China, especially the religious system (Zen Buddhism system). Third: The Ming Dynasty was defeated by the Le Dynasty in 1418-1427 (King Le Loi_Le Thanh Ton) and I am proud of this as is a direct descendant of his Le family.
@@KTLeHoang I hope you can improve your reading skills. The Mong-Vietnam War and the Ming-Vietnam War were two different independent events. The founder of the Tran Dynasty was an immigrant from China. The Le Dynasty of Vietnam was founded by Người Mường. You relied on the hot and humid weather, jungles and mountainous terrain on your homeland to defeat the Ming army, which was very difficult to supply. This is not something to be proud of. Afterwards, the Le Dynasty also recognized the Ming Dynasty as its suzerain and paid tribute regularly.
@@祖宗-q9d 1: My family name is Le, do I not know my origin or is my family's records wrong? Everyone thinks that the First Emperor Le Loi lived in the Muong area and thinks he is a Muong person and does not know that the Le family comes from Bai Do (Tho Xuan) and the family of King Le Loi's mother comes from Thuy Chu, the land completely Kinh people. With the naming feature of only 2 syllables. For example, my grandfather is Le Triet, my father is Le Tuy, my uncle is Le Hai, my original name is Le Luom. I don't allow anyone to say anything wrong about my family. 2: I agree with you the origin of the Tran family is from China, it's like Qing China was not Han people and the war was for all Vietnamese people at that time not just the Tran dynasty. 3: Every army has its strengths and weaknesses. Is it possible that the Ming Dynasty did not know the basics of war: terrain, food, climate...? The problem is the ability to take advantage of those factors to create strength to defeat the enemy. Is that a shame? We fight with intelligence, not with brawn and stupidity like animals. 4: If only 1 or 2 times the Chinese could not conquer the Vietnamese due to unlucky reasons, then in 2000 years and more than 6 or 7 dynasties the Chinese could not conquer the Vietnamese then it is necessary to confirm: Chinese people are arrogant and stupid.
@@gaywardebichui The fact is that Vietnam was ruled by China for 1000 years, by France for 80 years, and by princes from Sichuan for 50 years. Even after independence, the Vietnamese dynasty was basically established by Han immigrants, except for the Later Le Dynasty established by the Mong people.
@@sonlaihop3754 đúng rồi bạn phải nói vietnamese person mới đúng. Người nước ngoài nghe sẽ rất sượng mặc dù người ta vẫn hiểu. Mình từng du học mỹ vài năm. Và chính mình được các bạn tây sửa cho lỗi này.
Viet in Vietnam itself means to overcome or to passover. The kanji for this word is found on the name of old Japanese provinces during Sengoku Jidai, Echizen (Việt Tiền), Etchu (Việt Trung), Echigo (Việt Hậu)
First Mongol Invasion of Vietnam At the beginning of the 13th century, Gengis Khan, having unified Mongolia, started a war of conquest against China. In 1253, Kublai conquered the Dai Ly kingdom (now Yunnan Province), thus reaching the Vietnamese frontier. The Mongols demanded passage through Dai Viet in order to attack the Song from the south (1257), but the Tran refused. A Mongol army invaded Dai Viet, smashed its defenses, and seized the capital Thang Long, which was put to the sword and burnt to the ground. The King Tran left the capital, which was also abandoned by its inhabitants. The Mongol army were not able to obtain food and fared badly in the tropical climate. A Vietnamese counter-offensive drove the Mongols out of the capital. In retreat, the enemy was attacked by local partisans from an ethnic minority group living in the Phu Tho region. This was the first Mongol defeat.
At that time, there were 3,000 Mongolian soldiers, plus 10,000 Chinese ethnic minority mercenaries, while the Vietnamese army exceeded 100,000. The Mongolian generals left Vietnam after receiving orders from the Great Khan to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, not that Vietnam defeated them.
@@祖宗-q9d Did the Mongols take Vietnam seriously? Contrary to some people’s belief, the Mongols were extremely serious about their invasions of Vietnam. Success would guarantee not only Vietnam and its rich rice production of the Red River Delta but also open a gateway to the far-reaching richness of the whole region of Southeast Asia and establish a base to attack the Indian sub-continent from the east. They tried 3 times over a period of 30 years between 1258-1288. In each of the 2nd and 3rd (final) invasions , 1278 and 1288 respectively, having defeated the Song, now with more soldiers available, they again invaded Vietnam with a force of up to 500,000 soldiers, half a million (some source states between 300,000-500,000), an immensely huge force in those days. This colossal Mongol army brought with them not only fears but also astonishments to the 13th-century Vietnamese. So much so, a Vietnamese aphorism/proverb: “Nhiều như quân Nguyên” - ”So crowded, like Mongol soldiers” was born. It is still widely used in Vietnam today (especially in northern Vietnam, where all 3 invasions took place). When there is a situation which causes a large gathering or generates a presence of a lot of people, you may hear one mutter: ‘‘Nhiều như quân Nguyên’ . The aphorism is a living proof that the historical records are indeed accurate - the Mongols did invade Vietnam with an abnormally large army in their final attempt and thus it can be deduced that the Mongols were dead serious about conquering Vietnam. No such an aphorism exists in Vietnam for past invaders namely Chinese soldiers, French soldiers, Japanese soldiers or American GIs- only for the Mongols. (That said, there were actually more GIs soldiers in South Vietnam in 1968 - 549,500, but no proverbs were created. This is perhaps because the American forces were gradually built up over several years and perhaps more importantly, their primary enemies, the North Vietnamese, could not see them being on the other side of parallel 17. Also its all relative in that 500,000 in the 13th century would seem a lot more.) What was the reason for such an unusually large Mongol army for a tiny country of Vietnam with only a small population? I will touch on this a bit later.
@@祖宗-q9d So why the Vietnamese succeeded and Chinese failed? Well, the mountainous terrains in Vietnam played a major role. Here in Vietnam the Mongols couldn't advance as fast and lost the momentum as well as the typical Mongol element of surprise. It was problematic for Genghis Khan’s soldiers just to reach the heartland of northern Vietnam’s alone. It was laborious work negotiating through hundreds of kilometres of difficult passages on the mountain ranges spanning the entire border between Vietnam and China. The Vietnamese therefore had a bit more time to prepare. The Chinese on the other hand, were often startled by the trademark lightning penetration of the Mongols’s cavalries attacks. Furthermore, by the time the Mongols attacked Vietnam for the 1st time in 1258, the Vietnamese had already been aware of the Mongols invasion of China for 50 years (beginning in around 1205). Their military tactics and strengths were known to the Vietnamese for decades. Because of the difficult terrains, a sizeable section of the Mongol forces had to access the interior of Vietnam by rivers. They were the Mongols’ Marine Corps. The harsh terrains also hampered the Mongols ability to supply and reinforce effectively once their army had entered Vietnam. The Vietnamese were deadly at ambushing the supplies and enforcement. The Mongols knew Vietnam was so cut off from their bases in China and Mongolia. If the Mongols lost a major battle it would be curtains for them. Thus no second bite at the cherry. The mountainous and jungle terrains also helped the Vietnamese with the actual fighting when they strategically retreated or forced to retreat to these areas. The Mongols sometimes chased the Vietnamese into jungles and mountains where the fighting ensued. The Vietnamese, being familiar with their environment had a clear advantage there, the Mongols, steppe people, flat-land horsey soldiers, totally out of their depth. The mountainous terrains were also used by the Vietnamese as military bases for their trademark guerrilla warfare, which gradually depleted and demoralised the Mongols forces.
@@祖宗-q9d In China's case, there was sufficient flat land linking Mongolia all the way southward with all Chinese cities and provinces of strategical, political and economic importance . The Mongols were able to carry out their speedy mobilisation of their cavalries and their trademark lightning attacks, easy supplies and reinforcements whenever necessary. The terrains of China suited the Mongols military concept thus giving them the edge over the Song. The Mongols was able to maintain momentum and an element of surprise in China as opposed to in Vietnam. Another huge problem for China at the time was that it was fragmented with different factions more interested in fighting each others. It was an inward looking giant, very vulnerable to foreign aggression should it manifest itself. It did not therefore possess the ability to muster optimal military power to face what was already a formidable fighting force in the Mongols. A small number of factions even sided with the Mongols against the Song empire, which was very powerful in its own right. Not so dissimilar to China, infighting and civil wars were of course no strangers to the Vietnamese throughout their history but fortunately for Vietnam, the Tran dynasty had been in full control of Vietnam during all of the 3 Mongol invasions and had every able men available to fight the invaders. Not only that, the Tran Dynasty further maximised their military strength by securing an alliance with the Champa kingdom, which had also been under the Mongols’ radar for invasion. In fact, the Mongols had previously asked the Vietnamese to allow them to use Vietnam only as a route to invade Champa. This request was refused. The Vietnamese didn’t fall for the Mongol’s trick knowing too well they would eventually attack Vietnam possibly on 2 fronts once they had conquered Champa. Plus Vietnam had its own annexing plans for Champa even as early as the 13th century. In Vietnam, their cavalries were not as effective as they were in the spacious and flatter China or central Asia and Eastern Europe. Strategically the Mongols relied on the element of surprise with their speedy advance using horses - a revolutionary military concept, well ahead of its time. That was how they defeated most of their enemies, thrusting their cavalries with blistering speeds like a dagger into the heart of their unprepared enemies, many a times cutting off the head of the snake. Much similar to what Hitler’s forces did so successfully at the start of world war 2 in France and other European countries almost 700 years later (I am not suggesting in any shape or form that Hitler learned from Genghis Khan. The time gap was too large for that, the technologies much more advanced with full gun-powdered weaponries, mechanized warfare, tanks and airplanes by the middle of the 20th century but sure, they both seemed to have employed a similar military concept in isolation). The Vietnamese also adopted an important strategy whereby, unlike China and in fact many other countries attacked by the Mongols, the Vietnamese avoided confronting the Mongol forces head-on in battles at the beginning when the Mongol forces were still strong at all costs. Dai Viet, as the country was called then preferred to concede land and even fortified cities and retreating out of sight into the countryside and mountains. The strategy prevented the Vietnamese from being surrounded and annihilated by the powerful and speedy Mongol cavalries - the Mongols’ strength. Strategically the Vietnamese were therefore ready for the Mongols. At the start of the 3rd invasion, one of the Vietnamese generals confidently told Emperor Tran Thanh Tong: ‘Your Royal Highness, We will defeat them easily this time’. The Vietnamese employed a scorched earth policy in the final invasion as they had done previously in the 1st and 2nd, leaving hardly any produces for the Mongols to feed their soldiers and horses. Crucially, supplies and reinforcement from China by land were difficult and slow due to the mountainous terrains whilst those being undertaken by waterways were also slow, difficult to conceal, easily spotted, difficult to evade once spotted and therefore susceptible to sabotages by the Vietnamese. Water was not a medium the Mongols revelled in. Lest we forget they lost in Japan and Java because they had to enter the water. In Vietnam, a large percentage of their forces had to access the interior via rivers or the sea too due to difficult terrain. Vietnam also had a long coastline contributing to the existence of a relatively large and powerful naval force. The Vietnamese’ experience, knowledge of naval warfare and size of their naval force were in fact much underestimated. To compound the matter for the Mongols, the tropical heat of northern Vietnam’s summer sapped the Mongol soldiers of their strength and together with hunger, many of them succumbed to strange tropical diseases. In contrast, in China, where the climate being mostly Arid and Temperate, the Mongols generally did not have to suffer the unfamiliar humidity, heat and diseases of an alien Tropical world of Vietnam.
@@祖宗-q9d The final battle The Vietnamese strategically waged guerrilla warfare to chip at the Mongols' army and fought defensive battles to hold the Mongols to bide time. They waited until the Mongols fighting capability had been greatly diminished by hunger, tropical diseases and guerrilla attacks, then gathering all their large ships together, decisively counter-attacked in a bloody boarding and missile aquatic battle. Unable to withstand the sudden and aggressive naval onslaught, the Mongols’ fleet retreated in the direction of China, upstream of the river Bach Dang. Their route downstream to the sea was blocked by large Vietnamese battleships. What the Mongols did not know was that they were heading straight into a deadly trap set by the Vietnamese. The Vietnamese army tricked the Mongols’ large vessel fleet 400 strong, at low tide, and destroyed it on the Bach Dang river with small, fast and more manoeuvrable boats Prior to the naval battle, the Vietnamese had hammered or simply dropped (with rocky bases) hundreds of steel-capped wooden stakes into the river-bed. It can be said that the erection was meticulously controlled and the Vietnamese knew their stakes well. The heights of the stakes were controlled such that at high tide they were well below the surface while being just a couple of feet below at low tide. The intention was for the stakes to be invisible at either tides. They were designed to puncture the undersides of the Mongols timber war ships at low tide and block the Mongols retreating route. The timing of the naval attack therefore coincided with the daily low tide. General Trần Hưng Đạo, a masterful strategist, didn’t just want to win this naval battle, he wanted to annihilate the huge Mongol fleet and decisively end the Mongols invasion there and then. Hundreds small boats, prepared in the weeks prior to the battle, were waiting further upstream for the expected stranded Mongols fleet. These small boats timely moved downstream onto the river battle field manoeuvring between the wooden stakes or even gliding above them, both of which the cumbersome, deep-waterline vessels of the Mongols were unable to manage. Using missiles and fire-arrows the Vietnamese soldiers decimated the now immobilised Mongols large war ships from their fast-moving small boats with ease . Meanwhile, the equally weakened Mongol cavalries being simultaneously attacked on land, beat a hasty retreat back to China, never to return. Earlier on I mentioned about the huge army, up to 500,000 soldiers the Mongols deployed in their 3rd invasion of Vietnam. So huge that it even produced a Vietnamese proverb, ‘So crowded, like Mongols soldiers’. So what was the reason for this huge Mongol army in the 2nd and 3rd invasions when Vietnam was only a tiny country then with a small population and army? (Modern day north Vietnam only, South Vietnam had been a state called Champa annexed by the Vietnamese much later) Well, it was no coincidence. It was part of the Mongols strategy for the 2nd and 3rd invasions of Vietnam. Having invaded Vietnam before and failed the Mongols had been wary about all the problems they would have to face in Vietnam particularly in the 3rd invasion just like they had in the last 2 wars: Mountainous-jungle terrains and associated problems of jungle fighting, guerrilla warfare, sabotages of supplies and reinforcement; Tropical weather and diseases; Scorched-earth tactics. They knew a quick victory was crucial. It would appear that the Mongols strategy for their 3rd attempt was to deploy a huge, huge army with a hope of quickly overwhelming the Vietnamese and winning the war promptly before all these problems became detrimental. It was a last throw of the dice hoping to realise their dream to conquer Vietnam and the whole of south east Asia thereafter . It was a gamble. Unfortunately for the Mongols, their gamble did not pay off. It did not produce a quick victory as Kublai Khan had planned. The Vietnamese Royal family and its army had vacated their Capital city Hanoi early and retreated to the countryside, the mountains and sometimes as far as Champa. The Mongols just couldn't engage the evasive Vietnamese in a major set-piece battle on the flat land of the Red River Delta to finish them off as they had hoped. The Vietnamese with a much smaller army knew it would be suicidal to face the Mongols on a set piece battle or be trapped by them. By now the Vietnamese were also fully aware of the Typical Mongol sieges which had helped them defeat the Song in China. The Vietnamese army thus often retreated to the mountains in clusters and picked the right moments to deliver surprised attacks. It turned out to be a much longer war. Not exactly epic( no more than a year) but long enough that too many Mongol soldiers perished from guerrilla attacks, hunger as well as tropical diseases which their immune system had not been used to coming from a different climate, long enough to become demoralised. All the problems the Mongols had feared indeed presented themselves and haunted them horribly at the end. To wrap up, The victory was the results of: The mountainous terrains favouring the Vietnamese soldiers in jungle fighting while slowing down the Mongols cavalries, hampering and sabotaging supplies & reinforcements Natural defences by ways of strength-sapping heat, humidity and deadly tropical diseases Scorched-earth strategy denying the Mongol soldiers and their horses of food. The Mongols had to result to part- cavalry, part-naval warfare due to the 1st bullet point. The Vietnamese naval force was more powerful than anticipated, more experienced than that of the Mongols and coupled with the above, able to defeat the Mongol fleet on the Bach Dang river. The foxy military tactics of the Vietnamese in using guerrilla warfare, avoiding big battles when the enemies were still strong, successfully avoiding typical Mongol sieges and making use of the tides. It was a combination of all of the above factors. Just 1 less and I think the balance might have swung in the Mongols favour.
Determined resistance yes ,jungle no ,I lived in Vietnam for 7 years , the North is definitely NOT tropical it is a temperate climate. the forests look feel and smell like a British forest in the summer time
@@murrayscott9546 Lots of talk of tropical weather, jungles and tropical diseases in the north, not true. As an English city boy from London I would agree when working in the south lots of food poisoning and diarrhoea while being eaten alive by bugs that ground us down to weaklings in a very short space of time.But hey ho when in Rome Vietnam had lots of speed and opium to soften the pain and discomfort.
The most fascinating part in this video is, for those who are aware of asian history, that the Dai Viets have very Chinese / Oriental sounding names & that of Champa have very Indian / Hindu sounding names like Vijaya, Indra Varman etc. Very obvious why that region of Asia is also called Indo China !!
I lived in Vietnam for 7 years , the North is definitely NOT tropical it is a temperate climate. the forests look feel and smell like a British forest in the summer time
Most of the jungles, swamps in northern vietnam (the red river delta) has been cut down or drained into agriculture land. Back in the 13 century, the region was much more covered, very different from the open space it is today.
@@SavageDragon999 hey savage,granted The British forests have less mountains and monkeys but the trees and trails look very similar and the average temperature is the same as a British forest in summer.Having worked in and enjoyed both I can honestly say the Brits were not out of our comfort zone, the south we very much were.
A little side note for those who have read or will read the book on Genghis Khan by Jack Weatherford. I am pretty sure that Weatherford is a great authority on Mongolian history but the section about VN in his Genghis Khan book just demonstrates his total ignorance of Vietnamese history. According to that book, the Mongols easily conquered VN. I don't know what sources he consulted when writing that section but maybe he should watch this video and rewrite that part of his book in future editions.
Người mông cổ chưa bao giờ chinh phục được Việt Nam, điều đó được ghi nhận cả trong lịch sử Việt Nam vs lịch sử Mông Cổ. Tôi nghĩ cuốn sách mà bạn nhắc tới là của một người ngồi tòm google và sao chép để in ra nó. Và sẽ có nhầm lẫn khi họ tiếp cận với những nguồn tin sai lệch.
Many Indonesians often compare Vietnam's war with the US to the war against Dutch colonialism with Indonesia. Vietnam even received support from China and Russia. That's funny because America doesn't fight alone, it fights with its allies. In comparison, Indo should be compared to this Mongol war as both cases were fought independently without alliances. And Vietnam's guerrilla fighting style originated from here, without learning anything from any Indonesian military strategy.
Simple thing. Mongols and turkic and scythian all steppe warrior groups relied on clean steppe grasslands which was not present at all in the vietnam with mountains and swamps. Which needed better infantry which the mongols lacked significantly.
After the ghengis khan days, the mongols used Chinese troops to fight for them instead of their own horsemen. So they didn’t lack infantry, nah they just fought the wrong enemies or sucked.
Bro, since their invasion of Khwarizmi Empire, the Mongols had been incorporating local population into their army. They used the Chinese as their engineers, to make siege engines to siege cities. As far as to Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Not to mention in the Vietnam where they could employ former Southern Song soldiers easily.
@@skimidot92 Well that's not my point man. Even if they had better infantry their cavalry would have lagged behind. Their cavalry was their strong point. The song soldiers would have been under mongol command therefore there would have been significant problems in communication as well as in tactics as mongol commanders were not familiar in tactics like mountain and swamps. But the biggest point is their supply route would have bogged down as with any country. If the song soldiers were very strong why couldn't they conquer vietnam or any South east Asian country. Lastly they wouldnt have recruited song soldiers in huge numbers because as I said they believed a lot in the power of steppe horsemen
@@VioletMilks Bro tell me one thing if the mongol army sucked after Genghis Khan why did they make headway in the middle East and eastern Europe. They couldn't have done it without ambitious and talented commanders. Secondly as I said they relied heavily on the horsemen and the horsemen would have been their strong point. Countries like vietnam didn't have any battlefield suitable for horsemen not only that the supple route would have been in very much pressure. Why would a mongol army wouldn't have it's horsemen.And even the song soldiers wouldn't have been familiar in swamp/mountain warfare (they lived in the plains not in the swamps). While the Vietnamese would have been trained specifically in the sort of their warfare not only that there wouldn't have been supply issues as it was their homeland
Another factors is water warfare. Mongol was not good at boat at all, they had to incorporate Han soldier for water warfare, but even Southern Han was not very efficient with the kind of small rivers and swamp in Vietnam. While Vietnamese was master of water warfare in this kind of terrain since ancient time. Their naval played critical role in supplying and transporting troops everywhere, while Mongol cavalry just couldnt catch with Vietnamese ship maneuver
The Mongols' greatest defeat is not at Ain Jalut but in Dai Viet and Champa. Also, thanks for covering the history of East Asia again! It's been a while since I saw one on this channel!
wrong, their greatest defeat is Ain Jalut // Dai viet and Champa conducted Guerilla warfare // But the Mamelukes Defeated the Mongols in Open Pitched battle, outmatching them in a head on clash, which broke their prestige
@@aburoach9268 nah, both can be right, it has to do with how you define "victory" / "defeat". In term of scales alone, the war against the Dai Viet dwarf Ain Jalut in size, boasting 300000 troops from the mongols (some source cite 500000), and about 100000 Daivietnese troops in both the 2nd and the 3rd invasions. That's at least 10 times greater than most of the invasions the Mamluks and its allies have seen, at least that's what I could find. I'll admit I'm not well-versed in the history of Africa and the Muslim World. But "greatest" it was not. The reason Ain Jalut are often viewed by international historians as the greatest victory against the Mongols has to do with the definition. Since the Dai Viet and Champa continued to give tribute to the Mongol Empire after they won both wars (arguably, the first one as well), they argued that the Mongols had achieved their purpose to inherit the vassal states of the Song Dynasty and thus, "winning" rather than a "losing" the war. Yet, if you research a bit more about the local historians pov, you'll know that the Champa and the Dai Viet would most likely give tribute to their bigger state after the war to be left in peace, as they have done so times after times in the past, and will continue to do so in the future war with the Ming and Qing Dynasties. So, from the pov of a different culture, it was a defeat from the Mongols. As said, both of you can be right. It come down to how you define "victory" in this particular war. However, had we viewed the war as a defeat the Mongols suffered, as per this video, we'd have a rather hot debate on our hand. Btw, it's far from a simple "guerilla warfare". The Mongol suffered heavy loss and retreat, knowing despite winning a massive battle at Binh Le Nguyen, they couldn't keep the occupied territory under their control for long. Later, it was written in the book "the history of Yuan", citing the reason for their retreat was the hot weather. Which has been called bullshits by many modern historians as the war took place in the middle of winter.
@@lamvutran9345 you are not giving the symbolic impact of a guerilla war vs a conventional war, enough credit here // The Vietnamese made good use of their terrain which did not favor the mongol style of war and conducted irregular warfare with many skirmishes and ambushes The Mamelukes on the other hand Defeated the Mongols on *their preferred terrain* with *their preferred tactic* called a feigned retreat Clearly the Impact of the Mameluke victory on mongol "invincibility" was massive and spoke way louder then vietnam That's why historians speak of Ain jalut soo much, Because for the first time this highly skilled army that Ghenghis built, got outmatched in it's own game, Terrain & manner of warfare by another Better Cavalry Force it cannot be blamed on terrain, or element of surprise It's simply a clean head on clash by two cavalry armies on the open field and one got better of the other A challenger dethroned the Champion of Cavalry combat It's like if the Iraqi army under saddam were to win a tank battle against the US
lol compares guerrilla warfare and hiding in the forests to open warfare above ground in a barren desert. The Mongols faced real Muslim men. They confronted them with swords. hit them in the middle of their faces. and annihilated the Mongolian army with a word in the Battle of Ain Jalut. They beheaded the leader of the Mongol army and hung his head on a spear. The commander's name was Katbugha Khan
1:23 "Chinese was the official language of the court". As I understand it, language includes both speaking and writing, but we only use Chinese characters in administrative documents but still speak in Vietnamese. Chinese characters in Vietnam are called Chữ Nho. Chữ Nho are Chinese characters pronounced in Vietnamese. Chữ mean words, Nho means Confucianism. It is called that because it is a tool to spread Confucianism. Because of the different pronunciation, according to many records at that time, many people could even communicate with Chinese people in writing but could not communicate by voice.
This was a great episode! There should be an episode (or multiple) on the history of the Cham people. Champa ruled central and south Vietnam for around a millennia.
Rất lâu trước đây, khoảng 6000-10000 trước, có một tộc người sinh sống từ sông Dương Tử, trải dài xuống phía nam! Tức là một nửa Trung Quốc ngày nay! Họ có một nền văn minh lúa nước phát triển rực rỡ, liên tục suốt hàng ngàn năm, với đồ đồng tinh xảo, chữ viết riêng ( Giáp Cốt văn, chữ Khoa Đẩu tượng thanh) ! Khác biệt hoàn toàn với các cộng đồng dân du mục phía bắc như dân tộc Hán, Mông Cổ! Cả về ngoại hình cao lớn, mắt 1 mí, trông lúa mạch, chăn nuôi gia súc! Nhưng không có gì là mãi mãi, các tộc người dần phân chia theo kiểu liên bang! Sau đó bị các tộc phía bắc liên tục thôn tính và đồng hóa! Đó là nền văn minh lúa nước của Bách Việt! Cổ vật đại diện tiêu biểu là chiếc trống làm từ đồng, người ta thì nghiệm chọn một vị trí cao và đánh trống vào ban đêm! Người cách xa 10km vẫn nghe thấy! Qua thời gian, bị thôn tính! Tộc người đó di chuyển kết tinh lại! Và Việt Nam chính là tinh hoa còn sót lại của văn minh Bách Việt!
From ancient times until now, Vietnam has defeated Mongolia 3 times, China 21 times, America, Japan, France and Pol Pot. However, China has never given up the idea of invading Vietnam even now.
Many people say that the Mongols were not used to the tropical monsoon climate in Vietnam, but they only invaded Northern Vietnam. The climate in the 13th century was not as hot as it is now, and Mongolia has the Gobi desert that is as hot as the Saha During the day and at night it is colder than Northern Vietnam
You forgot the humidity. In the north of Vietnam, the weather is weird and unbearable. It can be hot and norm like a tropical jungle in summer but turns cold and norm in some days in winter, and other days can be cold and dry. Norm days have humidity like 99% that you can swim in the air and everything has mold on it. The Mongols and Tartars are used to dry climate not norm country that contains so many germs and tropical diseases
@@MinhNguyen-ff6xfĐúng rồi. Mặc dù chúng ta chiến thắng nhưng sự thật là chúng ta có lợi thế về địa hình lẫn khí hậu. Và chúng ta đã tận dụng những lợi thế đó 1 cách rất hiệu quả.
The Yuan Mongol army's navy in the third invasion failed precisely due to the following reasons: The Yuan Mongol army's navy approached the coast of Vietnam divided into 2 waves, the first wave gathered mainly naval forces. The army fought with warships, and the logistics fleet followed every few days. Warships of the Mongol Yuan army advanced through the river mouth and encountered few obstacles. Tran Hung Dao had information from reconnaissance that the following logistics ships had little defense and proactively attacked and destroyed them by fire attack after bypassing the Mongol warships and then using the strategy of wooden stakes planted in the river bottom when the Mongol army retreated. The North of Vietnam is shielded by the Philippines and China's Hainan Island, so it does not have extreme storms along the North coast and small storms occasionally occur periodically, they only really occur. appears at certain times of the year. Vietnamese people know very well the seasons of the year and their entire history. The time when the Mongol Yuan army chose to attack Vietnam for the third time was carefully planned by them after the first two failures. They arrived during the month when we confirmed there could be no storms in North Vietnam.
In Vietnamese culture, there exists a profound concept known as "village culture," where interconnected communities form the foundation of the nation itself. When an invading force sets its sights on Vietnam, they do not merely face the court or monarchy, for these are merely symbolic representations of the millions of Vietnamese people. The true challenge lies in confronting the indomitable spirit of the villagers themselves. Even if the ruling sovereign falls in battle, another will inevitably rise from among the people to lead the resistance. This cycle continues relentlessly, fueled by an unwavering determination to fight until the ultimate victory is achieved and the invaders are repelled. The invading army must contend not just with military might, but with the unbreakable resolve of a people deeply rooted in their village traditions and their love for their homeland.
1:19That's not Chinese, that's Sino-Vietnamese, a combination of Chinese and ancient Vietnamese. Vietnam has been colonized by China for nearly 1,000 years, but not once have Vietnamese people forgotten their roots. They always understand that Vietnamese people are different. Chinese people, as long as China has a little trouble, Vietnam will immediately rise up, even the French are the same. Vietnamese people, when attacked, always fight at the risk of their lives.
I hope not my friend! I don't want our country's historical characters to be transformed by Western filmmakers like some current works! We in Vietnam are very harsh about this! You can insult us personally but don't change a bit of history! kkk
1:22 To be precise, Traditional Chinese Script (chữ Nho) is Tran Dynasty Official Script. Their language was Old Vietnamese (Native + Sino-Vietnamese same way with Korean and Japanese), and they read Traditional Chinese Script with just Sino-Vietnamese.
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If anyones gonna defeat Genghis its gonna be Vietnam
maybe Afghanistan too
How to defend against the neo-mongols?
You guys even brought the old style back
If King and Generals talk about history of Vietnam during 3000 years . They need a lot video to tell that story
Could you tell about korea mongol war
You have to do Korea. One of the generals was an exiled Vietnamese leader. Please K&G do Korea
Its insane how many times Vietnam defended itself against Invaders
It never ends well
Mongols, Chinese, Japanese, Americans. Even the French army didn't have an easy campaign.
When you have to exfoliate an entire rainforest just to have any sort of visibility on the enemy its gonna be a rough campaign
the weirdest part to me is they are ethnically linguistically and culturally not much different from the Chinese. Yet have never been seen as a part of China, at most a vassal, but usually an independant country. We could say something similar for Myanmar, but Myanmar has not had lots of wars with China and has also been less frequently and more indirectly dominated by China (I blame mountains and jungles in Myanmars case).
@@EricEngle-f1qIt's not that weird. China has been the superpower of East Asia for centuries, that's why part of Chinese culture also spread to other East Asian natians like Japan and Korea. Vietnam is basically also under the influence of the sinosphere.
As for linguistically there's actually not much similarities to Mandarin. Maybe to Southern Chinese dialects like Cantonese there are but not Northern Chinese. The sentence structure and grammar is just completely different, the similarities are probably only some loan words as it was under Chinese influence for centuries. Because you need to understand that China is a country that conquered many native tribes and have assimilated over the millenia, Vietnamese were just ones that were never fully subjugated.
@@EricEngle-f1q Vietnamese genetics are not the same as Han Chinese other than a peroid of mixing in the North. As for language Vietnamese is a Austroasiatic language while Chinese is Sino-Tibetan language family they dont even belong to the same language group. Many Chinese words entered vietnamese but that does not make it the same. Example English is a Germanic language but over 60% is from Latin and norman french but that doesnt make English a Latin or Romance language. lol
I think the vietnamese have something more when it comes to war, their resilience and will to win is on another level and they proved it many times in history. Great warriors indeed.
Việt Nam chúng tôi có tình yêu nước nồng nàn,k bao giờ chịu khuất phục ngoại bang,từ cổ chí kim việt Nam đã từng đánh thắng quân Nam Hán,quân Tống,quân Nguyên Mông,quân Minh ,quân Thanh,và sau này đánh thắng 3 cường quốc mạnh nhất trên địa cầu này,tôi luôn tự hào mình mang dòng máu Việt
@@thanhhamai6214phải là đánh đuổi 4 cường quốc chứ bạn. Có Pháp, Nhật, Mỹ, Trung ❤❤❤🇻🇳🇻🇳🇻🇳
@@syletrong8412Việt Nam nào đánh Nhật?
@@thainguyen2130 bạn đọc kỹ vào
yes but basically we love peace as always my friend, just will be super strong soldiers when it come to war to protect our fatherland
Viet Nam is so underrated. Im glad that there are highlights about their glorious kingdom
Vietnam's story of the 20th century is 100% the best underdog story of any country of that period. Fending off France then the US without any period of rest or break in succession, then after the US, taking on another war against the Khmer Rouge and overrunning the country in 2 WEEKS and shortly after having to fend off China in the north while the entire army was busy in Cambodia. And all of that happened between 1950-1979.
That's the golden generation of our country, when everyone is a patriot
Not really. Only dumb ignorant white people believe Vietnamese communists distortion of history of portraying 20th century wars as a resistance to outsiders. That's a lazy version of history which Viet commies like to portray. It's an example of Communist marketing at play. Among Vietnamese the war is known as Nationalists vs Communists. China, USSR and Warsaw Pact countries supported communist North Vietnam and the US supported RVN (South Vietnam). In fact most of Vietnam's history, the wars are fought between Vietnamese factions for power. And usually there is a faction of Vietnamese which always rely on Chinamen for help. In the 20th century, Viet commies follow this line. They imitate Chinese (Maoist) communist political system, copied Chinese flag, and wear Chinese clothes and uniforms. PAVN officers were educated in Chinese war colleges and speak Chinese. That's why Nationalist Vietnamese hate them for their overt Chinese influence. But most white people are so ignorant of Viet history. There are a lot of jokes in Vietnam about Viet commies. Example: Di tham bac means to go visit Uncle Ho's House (Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum). But since most Vietnamese refer to Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum as the Sh*thouse, it's actually mean to go and use #2. LOL.
thank you and appreciate a foreigner understanding the hardship and the determination of the Vietnamese.
@@phuongvu527and resistance against the Japanese during WW 2. ❤❤❤
Vietnamese people sure know how to fight
Everybody love Spartans, Vikings, Samurai... but Vietnamese actually were one of the if not the most formidable medieval army of all time. It's crazy what they were able to accomplish with such disadvantage
👍👍
Chuẩn đó bro
Not to mention Vietnam is also one of the first few countries to invent and effectively master gunpowdered weapons, just after China. It's only during the few reigns when the French first attack is their military technology outdated, because of how the kings during that time spend all their money extravagantly on luxurious things.
@@horacestorm13 I know right
Shame
@@horacestorm13 The first is China, after that is Arab, Europe,... Vietnamese not invented gunpowder weapon or anything
So the people of Vietnam defeated the Mongols, Chinese dynasty’s, The French Japanese and the Americans, suffered through it all and come out today with a growing thriving economy and high standard of living for its people. Vietnam you have my eternal respect and love. ❤ 🇻🇳
And they are a Communist country, not a democracy. 😂
Come my friend, we feed you bia hơi, bánh mì, phở, bún.
We never won Japanese. They surrendered after the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
@@nguyenhuytuquanngu thi phat bieu it di
@@kanggrey344 vô học, comment không có lập luận, không có bằng chứng, chỉ biết chửi.
I've been to Vietnam, Hanoi in the north and Ho Chi Minh (Siagon)in the south and I can respectfully say that the vietnamese people are the most beautiful people I've encountered on this planet and I've been all around this planet.
Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều vì lời nhận xét này 😊😊😊
😊 cảm ơn bạn chân thành
many thanks
Beautiful as in appearance?
❤
Very few cultures can say they fought the Mongols and won, Vietnam you are a proud and extraordinary country that I hope to visit someday.
Chào mừng bạn đến việt nam
welcome to Viet Nam
Thời điểm quân Mông Cổ hùng mạnh nhất, chúng tôi thắng họ đến ba lần 😊😊😊🎉🎉🎉🎉
Thank you
Thank you for your comment, my friend. The Vietnamese always welcome true friends around the world. Give our country a visit, you'll see what I mean. See you in Vietnam soon.
The story of Vietnam’s defense against the Mongols is a remarkable chapter in history! This history documentary sheds light on the resilience and strategic brilliance that enabled Vietnam to resist one of the world’s most formidable forces. Truly inspiring to see how they turned the tide against overwhelming odds!
Love from vietnam
As a Vietnamese, I think it is truly a miracle that our country still exists today. I really don't understand how my ancestors were able to continuously defeat such powerful empires.
An unbreakable will to survive
You Viet but you have no heart and soul….of real Viet….that why you don’t understand ….we viet fight for our homeland and freedom…is in our blood…..
nhưng làm chư hầu phương bắc đến ngày nay anh ạ, tự hào quá đáng làm gì, chỉ được cái tính dồn vào chân tường thì ms khôn ra thôi chứ vẫn nhỏ nhen khôn lanh lắm
I don't think it's a miracle. The Vietnamese are the toughest, most resilient human beings I've ever seen or heard of, and so friendly, too. Best damned coffee on the planet, too.
@@comsuonkhiBon tau cho phai CHET!
Every time I watch or read about Vietnam, my respect of them increase.
Thank you
Vietnam has been conquered by Communist China via proxy of Vietnamese Commie puppet regime, unfortunately. Another 1000 years under Chinese rule? That's not something rational Vietnamese are proud about.
Thanks bro
🫵🏼✊🏼🇻🇳🦾
The Chinese defeated them and make it a Chinese southernmost tropical
province for over a thousand years. Later they made Vietnam a vassal
country another thousand years. Unparalleled history of over two
thousand years control.
I am half Vietnamese, this makes me proud of my mother's side of my heritage.
As you should! ❤😍
👍👍
Cảm ơn bạn,có thời gian bạn hãy về Việt Nam du lịch nhé
@@Fumio2017 I never learned how to speak the language, I should have had my mother teach me :(
❤🇻🇳🤝
The 10 biggest battles of Vietnam
1. Battle of Bach Dang (938 year)
2. Battle of Nhu Nguyet (1077)
3. Battle of Dong Bo Dau (1258)
4. Battle of Bach Dang (1288)
5. Battle of Chi Lang - Xuong Giang (1427)
6. Battle of Rach Gam - Xoai Mut (1785)
7. Battle of Ngoc Hoi - Dong Da (1789)
8. Dien Bien Phu Campaign (1954)
9. Battle of Dien Bien Phu in the air (1972)
10. Ho Chi Minh Campaign (1975)
Joke: in a crowded bar in Saigon, a Singaporean man told a Vietnamese bartender that "we have Singapore Sling, do you think of having a Vietnam Cocktail?
The Viet Bartender said: "we already had one which everyone must think of Vietnam when having it"
Singaporean man looked at the Viet Bartender with surprise and suspicion; then the Viet Bartender made a B52 cocktail in front of the Singaporean man, he burned the top layer of alcohol, and said that the B52 was only shot down and burned in the sky over Vietnam. "The drink is on me", he smiled with the Singaporean man.
Dark as hell isnt it.
Vietnam's history is unmatched. It is a unique and unusual due to Vietnam's long standing history of having successfully defeated the world's great powers. The Vietnamese are the one and only people in human history that had completely defeated the unbeatable Mongol army, not once, not twice, but three times before forever ending Genghis Khan's dream of conquering the whole world! Also, Vietnam is the one and only country in the world that had fought the Chinese for about 2,000 years triumphantly defeating all the powerful Chinese dynasties including Qin, Wu, Han, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing. In addition, the French invasion of Vietnam by Napoleon III began with the first attack on Vietnam in September 1858 after the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte known as Napoleon I had conquered much of Europe, and finally ended with the French defeat in Dien Bien Phu in 1954. This eventually brought an end to a 100 year domination of the French colonialism in Indochina, which eternally changed the course of human history leading to one of the bloodiest wars of the 20th century-the Vietnam War, and later came the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War where China was crushed by Vietnam, according to nationalinterest, not to mention the 1978 Cambodian-Vietnamese War bringing an end to the genocidal Chinese-backed Khmer Rouge regime. With its unique history of resisting the world's great powers, Vietnam is still Vietnam today as the symbol of the Biblical epic David versus Goliath.
你们的历史和你们国家一样狭隘 越南在任何时期 都无法与中国抗衡。在古代你既然说打败过中国那么多次 为什么领土依然那么小？让人尴尬😅 中国之所以不统一越南 是因为在中国古代被称之为蛮荒之地，用来流放犯人的地方。越南在每个朝代都得向中国进贡，就连现代越南共产党也是基于中国共产党来的，当然 现代也是 你们的gdp都达不到中国的一个4线城市标准 你们的电视节目 你们的文化 都被中国文化影响。而不是越南影响中国
@@blurli271 if you say that is true why even today Vietnam still standing and still aim missile to your ship and your government can't do anything even can't send a bunch fighter jet stop them or even embargo them but then nothing happened .Maybe China doesn't accept the fact Vietnam is powerhouse maybe CCP need to spend more money to help half a billion people in China no access to home first instead stick nose into Vietnam
@@davidgibson3631 good respone
Vietnam still fights with America
@@GulKhanAhmed-dj5mp Why? America has become Vietnam's top 10 trading partners.
My child absolutely loves history, especially Vietnam history.
How old is (s)he ?
@@YasserMaghribi 7y
@@harriusk4u i believe those who show interest in history have a higher intelligence and curiosity about the world around them. your kid will be very smart
👍👍
but you are vietnamese
I love this part of history. This is a huge point of pride for us here in Vietnam.
People say Afghanistan is where Empires go to die, I say it's Vietnam
@@Gabryal77Nah..
Afghanistan is the king of resistance.
I'm sure modern Vietnam would never survive the US occupation like Afghanistan did..
They even established a Taliban government right after the US left.
@@Otto45nah. The us fought way harder in nam than it did afghanistan. Afghanistan was toppled in about a year, the next 20 were us funtioning as a police force and pouring billions into a corrupt blackhole of a government in the naive belief that everyone wants a liberal democracy and will fight for it given half the chance. Also, the taliban only had to keep one road fucked up for occupiers to not be able to resupply while vietnam is literally a coast.
@@Otto45They already did. History not your thing obviously.
@@Otto45 Afghanistan is the king of misery they are so dumb and hopeless that nobody see a point to invest money in them to make infrastructure with the main goal of carry out sources. They did not made empires collapse they just cut their advance and colonization nothing more but while doing this they are living no better than wild animals.
Tran Hung Dao (1228-1300) was a Vietnamese military strategist and commander who played a crucial role in the defense of Vietnam against Mongol invasions during the 13th century. He is often credited with the famous saying: "Chiến thắng ở chỗ kiên nhẫn, không phải ở chỗ mạnh mẽ."
This can be translated to English as: "Victory is in patience, not in strength."
This quote reflects Tran Hung Dao's emphasis on strategic patience and perseverance in the face of challenges, suggesting that success in warfare and life comes not only from raw power but also from careful planning, resilience, and the ability to endure difficulties.
100%
And the Yuan utterly failed bc of their egos.
The same thing happened in Afghanistan recently
There were 2 famous battles of Bạch Đằng river. One occured in year 938 A.D. by King Ngô Quyền against Southern Han navy. With the victory of this battle Việt Nam regain independence from China, ending 1,000 years of china occupation.
350 years later, in year 1228, supreme general Trần Hưng Đạo defeated Mongo navy with the same tactic on Bạch Đằng river again.
@@hoangkybactien7207 3 battle of Bạch Đằng. The other one is Lê Đại Hành (981) against Song Dynasty. And Long Tinh Kỳ of Vietnamese ancestor dont have 3 stripes. Please stop using 3 ///, which reminder of French vassal Flag, yellow flag with three blue stripes. It is an disgrace to Vietnamese ancestor to use 3/// flag.
Tran Hung Dao is hands down Vietnam's greatest general. This man was a legend revered by the Vietnamese people more than any other kings or generals in Vietnamese history.
The battle of Bach Dang river was an epic victory. Prince Hung Dao used the very same tactics the Vietnamese had used in 938 in the first battle of Bach Dang river against the invading Southern Han troops. That battle is even more famous, as it ended about thousand years of Chinese rule, and marked the beginning of an independent Vietnamese state.
Note that if you say prince, most people’d think u mean prince instead of prince
@@duyhungle9375là sao tôi ko hiểu
@@duyhungle9375 what
Bạn ơi. Trần Hưng Đạo không phải hoàng tử ( không phải con vua) ông ấy là dòng dõi tôn thất họ Trần ( cha ông ấy là tướng quân) và chính tài năng bộ nộ sớm khi còn trẻ tuổi mà ông ấy được triều đình, nhà vua phong cho vị trí thống lĩnh toàn bộ quân đội ( Tiết chế Hưng Đạo Đại Vương).
@@dungduc4047nhưng là cháu vua
Fun fact: Lý Long Tường was a survivor of the Ly dynasty who ventured to Korea and helped them halt the Mongol invasion there.
Yess that's a group of Lee family name we often see
Vietnamese politeness is very heroic, and Vietnamese culture is very unique, so unique that only Vietnamese people like to eat dog meat and foreigners do not.
I have got this information before
Same royal family, but an older adoptive branch settled in Korea before. They fell into poverty at the military dictatorship era. One of them, Yi-Ui-Min became dictator. He is not remembered well but interesting nonetheless.
Another fun fact : Lee Syngman, first president of North Korea, was Lý Long Tường's descendant
As a Vietnamese, I am impress with the detail and accuracy regards to my nation history, well done.
No one asked
@@balabanasireti no one asked you
@@balabanasiretiI asked
i also asked@@balabanasireti
@@balabanasiretii ask too thằng đểu
Personally, I think Vietnam's history is probably the most intriguing in the world because it's unique and unusual. The Mongols according to historians are still regarded as the mightiest, deadliest and most feared military force of all time even though they existed more than 8 centuries ago. The Mongol army of roughly 200,000 troops was able to wipe out all the powerful Chinese dynasties and finally successfully conquered the entire China with a population of over 180 million people in the 13th century! With its unbeatable army, the mighty Mongol Empire peaked its power under the command of the legendary Mongol general and statesman Kublai Khan controlling roughly 28 million sq. km of territory from the Pacific Ocean to central Europe, which is 3 times as large as the land area of the present day China and almost double that of Great Russia. However, even the mighty Mongol Empire had been unable to conquer the teeny tiny Southeast Asian country known as Dai Viet! It's said looks can be deceiving. In the bloody Bach Dang River battle in 1288, the Vietnamese army led by the Vietnamese Prince Hung Dao triumphantly defeated the unbeatable Mongol army, twice its size and completely sank the entire fleet of Mongol giant warships. The Bach Dang River battle has been the outstanding and incomparable naval battle ultimately destroying the last Mongol invasion of Dai Viet. The fact that the Vietnamese prince had fully understood the natural scientific phenomenon of the rising and falling tides of the Bach Dang river and placed the wooden stakes along the river bed to impale and destroy the Yuan China's naval fleet, has been a mystery challenging and intriguing modern historians' understanding. How could the Vietnamese ancestors known as the one and only people in human history more than 1,000 years ago, come up with such an ingenious and unique strategy to totally crush their powerful invaders including the mightiest and deadliest Mongol army? In fact, the unbeatable Mongol army being bitterly defeated 3 times by the Vietnamese people in the 13th century, eventually ended Genghis Khan's dream of conquering the entire world and forever changed the course of the world history. Again in the 20th century, emulating his ancestor's battle on the Bach Dang River against the invading armies of the Mongol Empire and the Han Chinese dynasties over 600 years ago, the legendary Vietnamese General Vo Nguyen Giap's Dien Bien Phu Battle on land against the French in 1954, in fact brought an end to a 120 year domination of the French colonialism in Indochina, which eternally changed the course of human history leading to one of the bloodiest wars of the 20th century-the Vietnam War. In the Vietnam War known to the Vietnamese people as the Great Patriotic War to unify North and South Vietnam, the Ho Chi Minh Trail system is considered "one of the great achievements of 20th century military technology", according to the US National Security Agency. Military experts added, The legendary Ho Chi Minh Trail running from North to South Vietnam, has been considered a strategic feat, and a unique phenomenon in contemporary world military history. The trail with the length of more than 20,000km (over 12,500 miles) cutting through forests and mountains, is a magnificent construction project in human military history. The Ho Chi Minh Trail is the symbol of the indomitable will of the Vietnamese people to determine to overcome all the brutality of war and all the deadly obstacles of harsh nature on the vast mountains and in the dense forests despite the fact that more than 20,000 Vietnamese soldiers had lost their lives, 6,000 are still missing in action, and more than 30,000 were seriously wounded to keep the vital trail open under the overwhelming pressure of more than 4 million tons of the carpet bombing by the B-52 aircraft. The Ho Chi Minh Trail represents the Vietnamese people's desire for independence, freedom and the national unification. Things change and the world changes, but their iron will to unify their war-torn country as one nation, is forever engraved in stone. In the past, even after a 1,000-year domination, all the powerful Chinese Han dynasties had utterly bitterly failed to assimilate the Vietnamese into the Han Chinese. And big and populous China with over 4.000 years, is still unable to conquer Vietnam. Vietnam is still Vietnam standing tall today. In his book Ending the Vietnam War in Vietnam, Henry Kissinger (RIP) - former US secretary of state and national security adviser wrote: "Since Vietnam, the concept of power has radically changed." "Vietnam represented a unique situation, geographically, ethnically, politically, militarily and diplomatically," he wrote in the memorandum, which was declassified in 1998.
❤
Bạn có kiến thức rất tuyệt 😊
Bạn có kiến thức chính xác về người VN chúng tôi quá 🎉😊
In Tran Dynasty, Tran Hung Dao used 2 unique strategies. One of those is "Vườn không nhà trống" that may translate to English is "Empty ground, empty house", this strategy is so effective to defend against Mongol army, because Mongol army usually pillaged food in the country where they invaded. Thanks to the successes in the invasion at a lot of countries with that strategy, Mongol invaded Vietnam, and then they were defeated. Other strategy is planting wooden stakes on the river bottom and taking advantage of the tides invented in Ngo Quyen Dynasty in 938, Tran Dynasty inherited and applied it so well.
you looks having very good knowledge on our history bro
Vietnam successfully staying itself for as long as it has, is nothing short of incredible.
So many groups and nations with immense power have tried to take over that small bit of land with no real long term success. Regardless of how I feel about Vietnam and its more recent history (since the 50s), I give them a LOT of credit for this.
I mean, Vietnam is far from alone in being a country with its own identity and it's not like Vietnam is not a poor, corrupt 3rd world country where most of its big traditions stem from China and where 50% of its word are from Chinese.
@@thevannmann Tell me you know nothing about Vietnam without telling me you know nothing about Vietnam.
@@thevannmann you just said Britain does not have its own identity?
@@thevannmann Pathetic 3 sticks/Mi Chau 4.0 hybrid.
The recent history of Vietnam has prolonged its tradition of independence and strong will. Vietnam is one of the few countries in Asia that can say no to both the USA and China. You can compare, in terms of politics, the interactions between Vietnam and the USA and those of Japan or South Korea with the USA. I can guarantee that Vietnam can sway the USA more than Japan or South Korea can.
Being Black and Vietnamese born in California I love that I got to learn something new from my mother birthplace and part of my culture today. 🤙🏾
Would you by any chance know where, in the bible, is your mother's origin?
I'm trying to understand who is who today, by the nations biblically. Any kind of info would be appreciated.
@@SoBeIt27take a look at Vietnamese creation myth. Take from it what you will. May God bless you in your search
@@minhngoctran7271
Thankyou 👌🏽
yo you must look WILD dude
@@blackknight50277621 Lol I kinda look like Usher, or at least that's what people say. (Young Usher lol)
Waaaaaaay back, when training to fight in SVN, I started reading Vietnamese/Annamese history. I read book after book, I’ve never really stopped. Of all I’ve read, two statements I came across really struck a cord in my mind. The first was a statement “70 years is but the blink of an eye”, this was attributed to Uncle Ho, but it predates him by a thousand years. The second was a statement “A victory that results in 90% casualties is still a victory”. A cohesive population with only those two guidelines can’t be beaten, can’t be conquered, can’t be occupied. Any attempt to breed them out, migrate them out or exterminate them, will fail.
That why the Jews will failed every time if they think they can conquer Vietnam.
That's why your country lost in Vietnam.
@@angkhoanguyen6114 no it’s not, the US “lost” because it refused to use its full might. At any time the US could have, if there was the political will, have crushed the North. Even then, after Tet, if the bombing campaign had been renewed and the ground forces beefed up, I believe the North would have dissolved into Civil War. The Tet losses were so horrendous for the North. You may recall, after Tet, Giap lost his power and became an empty figurehead. After Tet, the North moved from military to Political, they won in Paris what they had lost in Tet. Having said all that, I believe the North wasted about 2,000,000 Vietnamese lives in the war. If Ho had been reasonably clever, after Dien Ben Phu, he would have economically and politically conquered the South. If Ho had been truly brilliant, after the French left, he would have had an open breach with the Chinese (which his political descendants did), openly dissolved the Communist Party (see Indonesia) and become a client state of the US. But those cards didn’t fall that way and over 2,000,000 Vietnamese and 100,000 Americans died.
@@anthonyburke5656 too bad those are merely myth, your army lost countless battles during the war, and besides you had half of the country to use as meat shield so that you can lose less soldiers. But no, in the end like many invaders that came to Vietnam, you lost the war and forced to leave the country for good. The Tet Offensive gave the North and the VC more advantage as it dealt mental damage, and even after that both the NLF and the PAVN still continued to fight while yours lost morale!
@@angkhoanguyen6114 oh Dear, you are a product of indoctrination. I do concede that Tet was a psycho local turning point. Do you seriously say that the war that cost (in my estimate) 2,000,000 Vietnamese dead to less than 60,000 US dead was “won”? Have you ever heard of a “Pyrrhic” Victory? What I was trying to say, not so clearly I concede, is that if the Norths leaders had been a tiny bit clever, they could have achieved unification sooner, with better outcomes and no loss of life. The “iron hand in the velvet glove” approach isn’t that hard to manage, it was open to the leaders in the North, but they became fixated on the military solution for over 10 years (from Dien Ben phu to the Paris Accords) when all that was really needed was some political wiles! Who was the loser? Not the US, after all, the US lost 20 times more casualties to Covid in 2 years than it lost in 10 years+ in Vietnam. Vietnam lost a whole generation, both in the North and the South AND 2,000,000 adult workers and untold infrastructure and economic development. The horror of the war was the opportunity cost of the war as well as the lives and treasure it consumed.
Vietnamese people are very friendly and intelligent 😍
Their food is also very delicious 🤤
👍👍
ありがとう
I like your comment -- We VIetnamese love peace, enjoy the life, we have beautiful country and ... so many good food !!! -- we like make friendship with every ones ...
We only get to fight if there's no choice .....
Thanks you❤
Vietnamese want to be friend with all nations -- we can make enemy to be friend, and never friend to enemy.
Holy heck!! KINGS AND GENERALS, You truly reign supreme in terms of youtube historical documentation!! I absolutely love the mongol series youve been doing. Cant wait for the Javanese vs Mongols!
Lol it s Mongols vs oceans ahahaha not Japan
Check out fall of civilisations you will be astounded
LOL I guess it's Mongols and 2 Typhoons
As someone who studied Vietnamese history at a Vietnamese university, I find this video pretty nice to watch. Trần Hưng Đạo is still considered a national hero in Vietnam. Thank you for the video, which is a lot more interesting to watch than the history books I was reading :D
chúc anh chị trăm năm hạnh phúc.
How is Tran Binh Trong viewed?
@@darren5597A hero martyr. "I'd rather be a Southern ghost than to be a Northern king".
@@VuLinhAssassin How much ancient history is taught in Vietnamese schools ?
@@darren5597 Throughout all school grades
History can be overblown depending on whose side you’re on. It’s nice to have an unbiased voice from sources like K&G.
This is why China dont wanna mess with Vietnam. Viets endurance and creativity in fighting is just so amazing.
They did, and they paid.
That why they was paying tribute at the beginning of the video to chinese empire😅😂
@@Mahapadmadipatupaying tribute to avoid further fight, and the chinese knew better than to wage war to vietnam, the vietnamese played them well 😂😂😂😂
@@Mahapadmadipatua meager tribute for complete peace is a great diplomacy there 😎
@@angkhoanguyen6114 The fact is that the generals who defeated the Mongols and the then King of Vietnam were both descendants of Chinese immigrants. During the Ming Dynasty, 200,000 troops were sent to conquer Vietnam. At that time, there were 1 million Vietnamese troops. Twenty years later, the Mong minority in Vietnam rebelled and successfully drove away the Ming army. Otherwise, the Vietnamese would have become Chinese 🤣🤣🤣🤣
The problems with attacking Vietnam is not only the resistance from the people, but also the environment, the weather and terrains that are very difficult for conventional warfare.
Indeed. It's a lethal combination, almost perfect for defense.
These environment and weather factors are way overblown. Yuan used a lot of Southern Chinese troops who basically live in the same climate and experience the same weather everyday. As for the terrains not suited for conventional warfare, this is also BS. Vietnamese history books never taught history properly so even most Vietnamese are not aware how the wars were fought in Vietnam. If you look closely, they were basically full of conventional battles. Early Le - Song war, Ly - Song wars, Tran - Yuan wars, Later Le - Ming war, Tay Son - Qing war, all were fought conventionally. This doesn't count all the times they were invaded by Champa and the times they invaded Champa. How do you think Le Thanh Tong razed Vijaya? With guerilla warfare? No, he bombarded Vijaya with cannons and gunpowder. Oh, and don't forget all the civil wars in 16th-19th centuries where everyone was fighting with muskets, cannons, and frigates/ships of the lines, each with 30-60 cannons. Guerilla warfare in Vietnam before 20th century was in fact very rare, it was always conventional warfare.
@@HiThere-eg1iq you do know that sure conventional warfare will win at first, but to occupy long time, you have to shift to more specialized warfare, like mountain warfare, jungle warfare and swampy warfare.
The Vietnamese can just stay hidden in the high mountains and thick jungle, so that large body of troops will not be able to penetrate the thick foliage and terrains.
As for why it was difficult to invade Vietnam, the main reason is that they have always had mandatory military service. In most countries, when a lord raises an army, it is usually a small fighting core of knights/samurais supplemented with untrained peasants. In medieval Vietnam, when you raise an army, it is an army of trained soldiers. Every male in the fighting age must enlist, and for a couple of months every year they have to serve in the military and receive training. Because of this, Viet dynasties can afford to lose so many battles without losing the war. If they lose a battle, they just need to go south, raise a new army by calling up trained soldiers, and go again. Tran-Yuan war is a prime example of this. Yuan dynasty got some early successes, then Tran dynasty went south, raised some new armies, and counter-attacked.
@@huytra8157Did you even understand what I said? The Vietnamese had always used conventional warfare to beat the invaders. Most wars in Vietnam were fought conventionally and won conventionally. Early - Le war, Early Le won by defending the key fortress of Binh Lo. Ly - Song wars, Ly successfully defended Nhu Nguyet rampant. Le - Ming war, Le won by conventional offensives encircling key cities and defeating reinforcements coming from China. Tay Son - Qing war, Tay Son rolled and smoked Qing army with superior firepower. This doesn't count all the civil wars in 16th-19th centuries and all the wars against Champa.
Your ancestors fought conventionally very well, and had the most modern and advanced army in the whole Asia in 16th-19th century. It is a shame that Vietnamese history books didn't teach real history so most Vietnamese don't know how their ancestors fought.
As a Vietnamese American I appreciate Kings and Generals authentic documentaries, blocking out biases from either side of history. This just to show how your own egos can kill you quicker than a bullet even after two previous failed attempts.
Supplies are the bloodline of an army. It was crucial that you pointed out the Yuan’s supply fleets were party decimated by a storm before getting finished by the Viet’s Naval force. It seems like that was the second time the Yuan’s forces had lost their mandate from heaven including The Devine Wind in Japan.
Damn that final battle with the wooden stakes could be a whole movie on its own
Thật không may khi nền điện ảnh của Việt Nam chưa phát triển và chưa có kinh phí ..và còn nhiều đi tích lịch sử đã bị tàn phá trong chiến tranh vẫn chưa được phục dựng
It would be great but the problem is that most Vietnamese people have a false idea or have no clue about the culture in pre-modern Vietnam, they still think for instance that Vietnamese people during the Trần dynasty dressed in áo dài like during the 20th century (the áo dài is the dress worn by the imperial princess at 10:06 that is totally out of place). If a movie was made with a more accurate representation of the Trần dynasty, the Vietnamese audience would complain that it looks Chinese. Unfortunately, mainly because of ignorance and modern sinophobia, I don't think there will be a good movie about ancient Vietnam anytime soon.
Is very hard to make movies at that period Vietnam peoples mostly not except the fact they dress like Chinese people. I hope one day they will change their perspectives about the history and open mind about it period, then the movie could be make …Vietnam and china at that time culture and everything else very similar…
In the 20th century, there was a war in which the Vietnamese pulled cannons weighing many tons using their own human power to the tops of mountains to bombard fortresses that the French thought were invincible. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was a battle that surprised the whole world
@@thienloi01another reason because during Ming Dynasty occupation of Đại Viet, they burned all documents, literatures, poems and manuscripts, destroyed temples of past Vietnamese dynasties in order to wipe out Vietnamese culture for easier assimilation to the Ming empire, that ironically also mirror when the Qin invaded Bronze Age city states of Vietnam, it backfired spectacularly and consequences to Vietnam that they don’t know what the Tran or Lý used to wear or customs. It sad but it also justified the reason why Vietnamese becoming more and more Sinophobia throughout the history.
I‘m Vietnamese and I’ve learned a lot about history from your channel. Respect your work and thank you so much.❤
@cuongthioicuoi8688 tôi lớn rồi và cũng đã ko còn học trong trường để nghe giảng nữa. Những bài giảng của thầy cô đã qua rất xa rồi. Chỉ là những video ngẫu nhiên tôi tìm về Việt Nam trên mạng và muốn cảm ơn lịch sự tới công việc của ngta thôi. Bạn ko ưng cmt của tôi thì thôi cũng ko cần quá gay gắt.
Thông tin họ đưa không chính hoàn toàn đâu bạn, trong cuộc tấn công lần thứ 3, với tháng mà quân Nguyên Mông chọn tấn công Việt Nam thì làm gì có bão. Hải quân Nguyên Mông nó đi làm 2 đợt, đợt đầu là tàu chiến, đợt sau là hậu cần ít sự phòng bị hơn nên Trần Hưng Đạo đã tập kích phá hủy bằng hỏa công. Đoàn tàu chiến đi trước thì mới bị bẫy cọc gỗ khi rút lui sau đó.
@@ucngocnguyen8938 chuyện ko có bão thì tôi biết. Sử gia hoặc các youtuber làm sử họ tham khảo nhiều nguồn khác nhau, chính thống hoặc ko chính thống. Đôi khi có đưa cả ý kiến chủ quan của họ. Việc mình chọn lọc thông tin để nghe và tiếp thu là tuỳ thuộc cá nhân mình thôi. Như tôi đã nói ở trên, là một lời cảm ơn lịch sự khi họ đã để ý và nghiên cứu lịch sử Việt Nam thôi. Họ làm một video cũng rất đầu tư nữa. Cảm ơn bạn đã trả lời tôi và thông tin thêm. Chứ như bạn ở trên bụp vào hỏi ngta tiến hoá ngược à thì rất vô duyên.
@@SuChi146noi hay….nhieu khi nguoi chien thang viet su ,,,chua Chac la Su that 100%….nhu kieu trung quoc viet Su cua ho…
co vai nhan vat tu cho Minh la Gioi…hoc vet..vai quyen sach Giao khoa…..lai to Ra Thông Thái….dung la con ech deo kính ngoi trong gieng😂😂😂
@@SuChi146no di hoc chi hoc gioi su thoi…ko co hoc dao duc…boi bay moi Len mang comments kieu do voi nguoi ko Quen biet
I come from Vietnam, I'm always proud of my country's heroic history, I always wonder what foreigners think about my country's history, I accidentally saw your video on TH-cam, I didn't expect Other countries also know and care about my country's history, I thank you very much for your video
Im from Morocco and i respect very much the vietnamese, they're amongst the strongest people in the world and they proved it many times. True warriors.
@@TheWillofD7978đã từng có 200 người lính Maroc phục vụ trong quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam trong cuộc kháng chiến chống thực dân pháp. Những người lính Maroc dũng cảm mạnh mẽ tuyệt vời đó là những người anh hùng dân tộc thực sự 😊
Mongols: “should be an easy conquest”
Vietnamese: “hold my rice paddys”
Mongols: “should be an easy conquest as China control it for one thousand years"
Vietnamese: “mongols horses have short legs and not faster than our barefoot soldiers"
Mongol of today: "But they still our tributary state under our control for a hundred years.
Many don't know this part of Vietnam's history. Thanks for making this video.
Korea also defeated Mongolia. But the general who defeated the Mongols was a Vietnamese prince who was a refugee in Korea
Wow, such a new knowledge
@@letmecook-n8s Yes, that was the prince of the Ly Dynasty in Vietnam. After the Tran Dynasty coup, he took refuge in Korea and became a Korean general, he commanded the war against the Mongols in this country
@@trongds I didn't know a Vietnamese general has participated in the war in korea against the mongols until now, i must have say i really admire the vietnamese people for their heroic mentality and great strategic actions to response to the enemies.
@@letmecook-n8sở 1 ngôi làng Hàn Quốc còn hậu duệ của nhà Lý VietNam còn ở đó.. và đã đến VietNam bái tổ tiên của họ!
@@letmecook-n8s dòng dõi đời thứ 31 của ông về VN thắp hương nhận tổ tiên
Today i learned that the mongols reached vietnam
😂😂😂
Amazing work !
And more! They even reached Java!
Like all the others
They went further. Ended up in Java.
Thank you for this video I learned so much and vietnamese history is so underappreciated sometimes.
Bạn bị nhầm đấy . dân tộc Việt Nam là một dân tộc anh hùng số 1 trên thế giới
Bởi vì Việt Nam là một quốc gia nhỏ, sẽ bị các nước lớn phủ nhận một cách lố bịch ( chấm dứt nạn diệt chủng khơme đỏ ở Campuchia là một ví dụ điển hình cách đây không lâu). Nhưng những trận thắng mang tính thay đổi cục diện khu vực và thế giới thời điểm mà nó diễn ra không ai có thể phủ nhận ( chiến thắng quân mông cổ làm suy yếu quân mông cổ khiến họ không thể mở rộng lãnh thổ ở khắp nơi và dần bị đánh bại bởi các nước xung quanh, chiến thắng Pháp+ Mỹ chấm dứt chế độ thực dân đế quốc ở Đông Dương là niềm cảm hứng của toàn bộ các nước thuộc địa trên toàn thế giới đứng lên chiến đấu giành độc lập)
Respect for the noble and courageous people of 🇻🇳 ❤️💛
When you are alone against a great empire as Mongole Empire, you need not only luck but also good talents and strategy as well.
👍👍
"a luck" to defeate Imperium ? -- luck never comes in 3 days, may be in 3 years or 30 years !!! so you must be strong and have courage to survive 30 years - and you win. !!!
@@vantrinhnguyen987 And also there is no luck when your country by sticked to the superpower via land
Can't believe they successfully fended off the Mongols - one of the most fearsome army of the history not once, not twice but three times with a great disadvantage. What an army!
China
The Khmer
The Mongols
The French
The Japanese
The United States
Vietnam's track record of resisting larger empires is crazy.
It's Amazing.
You forgot China after the USA left
its an astonishing
We pretty much devoured the Khmer empire in the middle of the 19th century. If not because of the French, you cannot see Cambodia in the world's map now.
I wouldn’t consider Khmer a large empire.
This is such an interesting part of history that usually gets footnote treatment. Meanwhile the Mongols are treated like an invincible army instead of just another (admittedly amazing) war machine. Its also a hreat example of difficult this country is to fight in.
Nah they were failing elsewhere like Japan, too. Just incompetent at that point in history.
That's what wining a lot will do to someone. They eventually think they cannot lose ever. All that power and prestige got to the Mongols.
A history lesson that the USA would re-learn centuries later, albeit via a Pyrrhic victory for Viet Nam.
@@hoaphan-uc3mebruh they were killed by sea
@@hoaphan-uc3me How do you fight a storm while at sea lol.
France, US, Japan, China, Cambodia, Mongolia etc. Vietnam a self defense powerhouse
... missing Thailand bro
include, champa / kherme (thailand, campuchia, south vietnam, myanmar, malaysia, singapore), so huge
not just US but the some of the UN members like s korea, australia, ph and many others in Vietnam War
@@GodsBlessing00 The fact is that Vietnam was ruled by China for a thousand years, by France for 80 years, and by princes from Sichuan, China for 50 years. Even after independence, the Vietnamese dynasty was basically established by Han immigrants, except for The Later Le Dynasty founded by the Mong minority
And ming _ china
Thank you for making this video, please make more about Vietnam's underrated history
I am a Vietnamese person, I am proud that our ancestors have always fought to bring peace to the nation. I'll correct you one question That was the time when our writing was similar to Chinese characters. But it's not Chinese. It is Vietnamese. Thank you for your great video. Wishing you many good videos about history
it's just chinese characters mixed with some some modified chinese characters for native viet words, the role is not unlike hiragana in japanese or even written cantonese...and before people say it's the same as latin and vietnamese that is used today, it's different, a person who can read latin alphabets will not be able to understand vietnamese now even if they can somehow read it but a chinese person will be able to read a large portion of the vietnamese text(minus the chu nom) and understand the general meaning even though they won't be able to pronounce it because it's a logogram.Yeah it's not quite chinese but it's not entirely uniquely vietnamese too. Go take a walk around saigon or hanoi and see how many chinese words you can find around the historical structures and temples you can find if you can read chinese.
@lyhthegreat Maybe google translate translates your words I don't understand. But there is a passage where you say that most Chinese people can read Vietnamese. Except for the word NOM, it's wrong.
Chữ nôm giống chữ Hán,người việt đọc được chữ Hán nhưng người Hán k đọc được chữ Nôm
The resilience and tenacity of the Vietnamese people were the key factors in overcoming formidable adversaries from the North
I've always respected the Vietnamese people for their iron will but I didn't realize their history of guerilla warfare was 800 years old!!
@@balloooomwe use it when war with qin shi huang 2200 years ago (qin yue war 218-208 bc)😁
@@balloooom vậy mà người indonesia luôn tự nhận và cho rằng anh ta đã chỉ dạy chiên tranh du kích cho Viêt Nam, hài hước thật sự.😂😂😂
Fun fact: before the 3rd invasion, king Nhân Tông (mentioned as Trần Khâm in the vid) consulted prince Hưng Đạo for strategy. He (reportedly calmly) answered: "this year they're a piece of cake". It can be interpreted that prince Hưng Đạo understood that our people and troops were already familiar with their scorched earth-type of stragegy (abandoning Thăng Long), or that he knew the Yuan had lost its major elite forces (i.e. the native Mongolians, in contrast to the Han-Chinese ones conscripted from former Song) and couldn't come up with any inovative strategy. Therefore he had no doubt that victory was already in his hand.
Prince Hưng Đạo still remains the proudest, most venerable historical figure of our folks (together with Quang Trung - but that's a different story). All Vietnamese people regardless of political alignment agree on this one. Even during the separation of Vietnam war.
"năm nay thế giặc nhàn" is the ultimate flex
I don’t know what I do this game I settled up I have to go for complete
@@vinhdo4914 Fun fact:：king Nhân Tông，prince Hưng Đạo， Quang Trung ，All are descendants of Chinese immigrants😀😀
@@祖宗-q9d Keep create new account then spread that delusional and nobody care lmao
@@祖宗-q9d😂 oh shut up
Thanks!
In Vietnam, they have a phrase that translates to English the King's law loses to the Village's rule, which shows that villages are based factor to build up the country which they have now
Luật vua thua luật Làng
@@HauNguyen11994 Phép vua thua lệ làng
Thank you Kings & General’s for another Extraordinary video.
It never ends well when someone tries to take control of Vietnam.
Except when its the vietnamese themselves
I am The Lorax and I speak for the Trees.
And the Trees speak Vietnamese.
Except for the French and Chinese
Both got their asses kicked@@AL_AFGHANI1
@vanyac6448and people still rise up fight france until 1954 so they not fully submit to france , at that time they don't have a right leader that to unite them to fight the france that all
Great video! But there are some mistakes:
1. Lí and Trần dynasties did not fully speak Chinese in their courts. They wrote in Chinese, but spoke in Vietnamese and Chinese.
2. The Vietnamese rulers were not kings, but emperors. They only submitted themselves kings to China, but declared themselves emperors to everywhere else. They even had vassal and tributary states. You can read more about this foreign relations concept that was actually quite widespread in East Asia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_at_home,_king_abroad
3. Trần Khâm was the emperor's real name. His dad's real name was Trần Hoảng. Trần Hoảng's temple name was Trần Thánh Tông, and Trần Khâm's temple name was Trần Nhân Tông. It would be great if you guys can be more consistent with name choices for Sinospheric rulers. If you're gonna use temple names, use it for all of them.
Emperors do not submit to other emperors, that doesn't make any sense. They were local vassal state rulers that paid tributes to their emperor in China.
@@darthvadeth6290 it doesn't make any sense to you because you don't understand the political situation of ancient East Asia. Please do research on the concept of "Emperor at home, king abroad". Multiple states in history have done so. And by your logic, we shouldn't call the Japanese ruler emperor either since they historically submitted to China.
Thực tế. Việc gọi người đứng đầu trung quốc thời trung cổ vơis người đứng đầu Việt Nam chỉ là hình thức ngoại giao:)) việc vua gặp vua là không có chỉ qua lại thư( chiếu chỉ) và sứ thần
@@Kenjiunovtthực tế VN là chư hầu. Vua Việt muốn lên ngôi chính danh phải được hoàng đế TQ sách phong. Ta cũng phải cống nạp rất nhiều nhưng đó cũng là chính sách khôn ngoan của ta. Một mặt hoà hoãn với phía Bắc, một mặt mở rộng xuống phía Nam.
Thực tế dân tộc Việt Nam là một dân tộc hùng mạnh, một trong số ít các dân tộc không bị sát nhập vào TQ. Hãy nhìn nước Đại Lý rộng lớn một thời giờ không còn tên trên bản đồ, hay trước đó là hàng chục quốc gia bị sát nhập vào TQ. Việc các quốc gia sát nhập với nhau trở thành một quốc gia lớn là quy luật tự nhiên, như cá lớn nuốt cá bé, cũng như các bộ lạc liên kết với nhau trở thành nước Văn Lang, hay như Văn Lang sát nhập với Âu Việt thành Âu Lạc. So với TQ, chúng ta là con cá nhỏ nhưng con cá nhỏ này đủ khôn ngoan và đủ sức mạnh để không bị nuốt.
@@darthvadeth6290 Chinese emperor used this as an excuse to invade all the times. Do not think of this as weakness from the Viet side cus if China was strong enough in a period they could just invade without a valid reason (China was like the strongest nation on earth so that’s something to consider)
Vietnam, the bane of many empires. Mongol conflict was particularly legendary
People love to meme about Vietnam's rice farmers, but forget that-for most of history-professional armies were raised by agrarian-based civilizations, such as Rome, Persia, and China. Vietnam, like Feudal Japan, was a fierce warrior nation that was not only proud and united but also knew how to fight in its tropical terrain extremely well. Even the Chinese who conquered Vietnam for 1,000 years were eventually kicked out after a thousand years of continuous resistance.
Vestiges of decentrialised village-level martial traditions survive nowadays in traditional village games like wrestling, marching and martial arts competitions.
This means that training soldiers for war was something all villages did, all the time. When the time came, great armies could be called up at a moment's notice to fight then quickly return to economic activities after wars. But it also means the central power sitting in Thăng Long couldn't get too uppity with the peasants, otherwise there would be lots of spears pointing at their throats.
"rice farmers" --- all Vietnamese heroes look like "rice farrmer" , not like "generals in The West !!!
i actually think the rice farmer meme fit the most in this case.
Vietnamese doesnt built, or train to be super warrior. They weaker than northern enemy. But the will, is what keep people fighting. Vietnamese peoples have a strange behavior about patriotism. They originally live in a tribe, small group community. Thats their idea of nation and where patriotism come from. Someone cant even accept to be away from his birthplace. Refugee is non exist in the mind of a majority of population. Thats why they fight. Because they cant think of a life without this community of their. If someone want to ruined it. They prefer to fight and die with it than flee.
Vietnamese history is underrated!
I couldn't agree more!!!
Please explain the One thousand years of being part of China's control. That's a mind boggling figure. That's the most unrated event in history some people hope many will forget !
@@jacku8304 Ye it was true that we got conquered and became China's territory for a fking thousand years but guess who survived and beat the heck outta them ?
Bởi vì Việt Nam là cái gai trong mắt các đế quốc từ thời cổ đại cho đến hết thế kỷ 20. Bạn nghĩ họ sẽ tuyền truyên truyền và tung hô cho Việt Nam sao?
That's because Vietnam is the brains like Sinosphere: Taiwan (ROC), Japan & Korea. The brains are smart and secret figures, especially if they are on the good side & they’re fighting for people, country & freedom.
Afghanistan - Central Asia’s Graveyard of Empires
Vietnam - South-East Asia’s ICU of Superpowers 😂
Can you give a source? I wanna read that
@@thuyluong5925
Vietnam defeated France (First Indochina War), USA (Vietnam War) and China (Sino-Vietnamese War)
@@thewaterbearer16 Japan also
@@youngvvyoungonevv8798 No.
Japan did not won over any superpower nor hurt them so bad that they stopped/retreated. It eventually got occupied although it didn’t really got invaded and had to fight on its mainland.
Even in ancient times, Kamikaze typhoons are natural phenomenons so that doesn’t even count against Mongols and its allies.
@@thewaterbearer16 no i meant Vietnam defeated Japan too
Props to Devin, quite enjoy his narrations, he's quite good at it and has an interesting voice to listen to.
-first in correction: the Chinese language wasn't the official language of the court but Medival Vietnamese, the Trần Clan had Chinese origin but had been assimilating into Vietnamese culture and language for the last 2 centuries, the Han characters were used for writing but the Chinese would be confused because we wrote it as we pronounced thus appearing grammatically wrong, and nonsensical to the Chinese.
-second, Islam only came to Champa during the 15th century so before that Champa was Hindu.
-Third, the first invasion, according to the main Vietnamese source in the 15th century, was that Thăng Long was abandoned and its population evacuated but the Mongol rapid advance most likely forced the court to abandon the capital with 30.000 of its inhabitants.
-Fourth, the first Mongol invasion was an utter defeat for Đại Việt, but we managed to save face, counter-attacked, and recapture Thăng Long, most likely garrisoned by 20.000 Yi soldiers brought there by the Mongol in addition to 30.000 Mongol in the first place.
The earliest agricultural societies that cultivated millet and wet-rice emerged around 1700 BCE in the lowlands and river floodplains of Indochina.So one could argue that it was the Viets that founded China
@@expatstone8310Are you a Chinese troll trying to make us normal Viets look like nonsensical nationalist idiots?
@@expatstone8310That’s nonsensical lol, China’s heartland is further north in the Central Plains, while ancient Vietnamese, Au Viet and Lac Viet live much further South in today’s Southern China, we were then push down further south to what is now modern day Northern Vietnam by the Han. The only thing that can be argue here is who grow rice first cause Northern China’s climate aren’t suitable for growing rice, but China definitely started with the Han’s predecessor the Huaxia.
your 1st point is also wrong. Han characters were used for writing, yes, but they wrote in standard Classical Chinese, which is completely legible to an average Chinese. Every modern Chinese can read Vietnamese sources written in the courts with ease. The one you're thinking about is the Nôm script, which most Chinese can't read, but they were only used informally, never in court writings.
@@conho4898 I think modern Chinese can guesstimate Vietnamese written courts scripture, but not do so "with ease". Besides, Chữ Nôm actually was used in courts during the Trần dynasty, not just informally. We did not have proof of them doing so extensively, partially because of Chinese vandalism during the Ming invasion. There were records of this kind of literature being applied in national examination during the period.
The sheer scope of the Mongol empire is crazy, in the show Marco Polo, Kublai khan states “ Alexander the Great has 20 cities named after him, I now control them all “ that sent chills down my spine
He didn't control Alexandria though
@@sangbum60090 you did the quote right? Alexander the great has 20 cities named after him in Asia not just the Middle East
@@sangbum60090 well yes, but actually no
Khan could not control Hung and Dong, which the Vietnamese had plenty off. There is a reason Vietnamese are known as Kinh people, which stand for dominant.
That river spike strategy was genius, they destroyed a massive fleet by simply turning a powerful armada into a sitting duck. This was also how the Vietnamese defeated the Chinese invaders many centuries prior when they were also invaded by China.
this tactic was a meta against chinese that it was used 2 or 3 times
But how do you explain the over a thousands of being controlled by China and almost a thousand years of being vessel and tributary states to China ? Remember it is a thousands years and nor few hundred years. It also changed your looks and color of your S.E.Asian skin tone. Your S.E.Asian culture was almost eradicated too.
@@jacku8304 it was later independence and not even becoming them so thousand years of being China's slave doesn't mean much if they can't make it forever
China dominated but still having many rebellions against them for each hundred years so they didn't actually control the land, they took the land but they couldn't make people a slave forever
@@diephoainambui9682 That's a very dumb argument. China dominated Vietnam for 1000 years. That means a lot. 1000 years is a lot, lol
Your expectation that as long as something a country doesn't get wiped out "forever" then it's not a defeat is just a crazy standard that nobody uses. By your standard, even Native Americans in America cannot be described as "defeated" by Western colonizers, because they are still alive and still own land in America, lol
@@darthvadeth6290 i don't say that it didn't get defeated, I only said that they couldn't keep Vietnam as a part of its land forever cuz in the end Vietnam are free from it so it doesn't mean much
This is fascinating. I actually visited Vietnam around this time last year, which got me really interested in their history. I was especially interested to hear a bit about Thang Long, since I actually got to see it in person.
It's Hanoi today, myfriend
@@MinhDucAnh16516 I visited the The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, in Hanoi. The castle is still called Thang Long.
Vietnam have gotten better over the years. Electricity still goes out sometime which is annoying. Wonder what the deal with Vietnam Power Grid. Vietnam need better power sources. Also, a bowl of Pho in Vietnam is only 2 dollars, while in the United States, at minimum, it cost 12 dollars for a bowl of pho. Fucking rip off.
Giao thông chưa tốt, thỉnh thoảng xe tông gãy cột điện
Chinese was not the official language of the court. It was Vietnamese, and Chinese characters were used to record the spoken language - just like Latin alphabet is used to record Vietnamese language today.
The fact is that the generals who defeated the Mongols and the then King of Vietnam were both descendants of Chinese immigrants. During the Ming Dynasty, 200,000 troops were sent to conquer Vietnam. At that time, there were 1 million Vietnamese troops. Twenty years later, the Mong minority in Vietnam rebelled and successfully drove away the Ming army. Otherwise, the Vietnamese would have become Chinese
@@祖宗-q9d Perhaps you need to review your historical knowledge. 1st: At the time the Vietnamese attacked the Mongols, it was the Tran Dynasty (ending its 3rd year in 1288), there was no Ming Dynasty yet (Chu Nguyen Chuong was born in 1328), 2nd: The Tran Dynasty was completely different from the people. China, especially the religious system (Zen Buddhism system). Third: The Ming Dynasty was defeated by the Le Dynasty in 1418-1427 (King Le Loi_Le Thanh Ton) and I am proud of this as is a direct descendant of his Le family.
@@KTLeHoang I hope you can improve your reading skills. The Mong-Vietnam War and the Ming-Vietnam War were two different independent events. The founder of the Tran Dynasty was an immigrant from China. The Le Dynasty of Vietnam was founded by Người Mường. You relied on the hot and humid weather, jungles and mountainous terrain on your homeland to defeat the Ming army, which was very difficult to supply. This is not something to be proud of. Afterwards, the Le Dynasty also recognized the Ming Dynasty as its suzerain and paid tribute regularly.
@@祖宗-q9d 1: My family name is Le, do I not know my origin or is my family's records wrong? Everyone thinks that the First Emperor Le Loi lived in the Muong area and thinks he is a Muong person and does not know that the Le family comes from Bai Do (Tho Xuan) and the family of King Le Loi's mother comes from Thuy Chu, the land completely Kinh people. With the naming feature of only 2 syllables. For example, my grandfather is Le Triet, my father is Le Tuy, my uncle is Le Hai, my original name is Le Luom. I don't allow anyone to say anything wrong about my family. 2: I agree with you the origin of the Tran family is from China, it's like Qing China was not Han people and the war was for all Vietnamese people at that time not just the Tran dynasty. 3: Every army has its strengths and weaknesses. Is it possible that the Ming Dynasty did not know the basics of war: terrain, food, climate...? The problem is the ability to take advantage of those factors to create strength to defeat the enemy. Is that a shame? We fight with intelligence, not with brawn and stupidity like animals. 4: If only 1 or 2 times the Chinese could not conquer the Vietnamese due to unlucky reasons, then in 2000 years and more than 6 or 7 dynasties the Chinese could not conquer the Vietnamese then it is necessary to confirm: Chinese people are arrogant and stupid.
@@祖宗-q9d Just give me sufficient proof or evidence of your statement instead of showing your historical dumbness =))
Vietnam is the embodiment of the saying that defeating an army cannot defeat a people
Forget Afghanistan, Vietnam is the real graveyard of Empires. 🇻🇳
Việt Nam là một dân tộc yêu hòa bình ❤
Please don't, this with the generation of vietnamese blood and cries. We just want the peace, like today
Trung quốc, pháp, nhật, mỹ, mông cổ, thái lan, úc, hàn quốc, philippin,new zealand, ponpot ,Anh,Đức,tây ban nha chúng tôi chiến thắng tất cả 😮
@@gaywardebichui The fact is that Vietnam was ruled by China for 1000 years, by France for 80 years, and by princes from Sichuan for 50 years. Even after independence, the Vietnamese dynasty was basically established by Han immigrants, except for the Later Le Dynasty established by the Mong people.
@@user-nx2uo5jo1cand you were dreaming, wake up buddy
so good! Because they have experienced many wars, Vietnamese people understand the value of peace very well
As a Vietnamese, thank you for this video. Nice work as always!
Vietnamese là tính từ ko phải danh từ nên ko thể nói as a vietnamese
@@HungPham-ki9wuTính từ nhưng nói tắt cũng đc, chứ chẳng lẽ nói Vietnamese [person]? Văn nói thì nghe sao cũng đc, miễn là hiểu đc ngữ cảnh thôi
@@sonlaihop3754 đúng rồi bạn phải nói vietnamese person mới đúng. Người nước ngoài nghe sẽ rất sượng mặc dù người ta vẫn hiểu. Mình từng du học mỹ vài năm. Và chính mình được các bạn tây sửa cho lỗi này.
Viet in Vietnam itself means to overcome or to passover. The kanji for this word is found on the name of old Japanese provinces during Sengoku Jidai, Echizen (Việt Tiền), Etchu (Việt Trung), Echigo (Việt Hậu)
But it others mean in begining it mean the people that passover the war and imigrant to the south (2500 years ago)😂😂
First Mongol Invasion of Vietnam
At the beginning of the 13th century, Gengis Khan, having unified Mongolia, started a war of conquest against China. In 1253, Kublai conquered the Dai Ly kingdom (now Yunnan Province), thus reaching the Vietnamese frontier. The Mongols demanded passage through Dai Viet in order to attack the Song from the south (1257), but the Tran refused. A Mongol army invaded Dai Viet, smashed its defenses, and seized the capital Thang Long, which was put to the sword and burnt to the ground. The King Tran left the capital, which was also abandoned by its inhabitants. The Mongol army were not able to obtain food and fared badly in the tropical climate. A Vietnamese counter-offensive drove the Mongols out of the capital. In retreat, the enemy was attacked by local partisans from an ethnic minority group living in the Phu Tho region. This was the first Mongol defeat.
At that time, there were 3,000 Mongolian soldiers, plus 10,000 Chinese ethnic minority mercenaries, while the Vietnamese army exceeded 100,000. The Mongolian generals left Vietnam after receiving orders from the Great Khan to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, not that Vietnam defeated them.
@@祖宗-q9d Did the Mongols take Vietnam seriously? Contrary to some people’s belief, the Mongols were extremely serious about their invasions of Vietnam. Success would guarantee not only Vietnam and its rich rice production of the Red River Delta but also open a gateway to the far-reaching richness of the whole region of Southeast Asia and establish a base to attack the Indian sub-continent from the east.
They tried 3 times over a period of 30 years between 1258-1288. In each of the 2nd and 3rd (final) invasions , 1278 and 1288 respectively, having defeated the Song, now with more soldiers available, they again invaded Vietnam with a force of up to 500,000 soldiers, half a million (some source states between 300,000-500,000), an immensely huge force in those days.
This colossal Mongol army brought with them not only fears but also astonishments to the 13th-century Vietnamese. So much so, a Vietnamese aphorism/proverb: “Nhiều như quân Nguyên” - ”So crowded, like Mongol soldiers” was born.
It is still widely used in Vietnam today (especially in northern Vietnam, where all 3 invasions took place). When there is a situation which causes a large gathering or generates a presence of a lot of people, you may hear one mutter: ‘‘Nhiều như quân Nguyên’ .
The aphorism is a living proof that the historical records are indeed accurate - the Mongols did invade Vietnam with an abnormally large army in their final attempt and thus it can be deduced that the Mongols were dead serious about conquering Vietnam.
No such an aphorism exists in Vietnam for past invaders namely Chinese soldiers, French soldiers, Japanese soldiers or American GIs- only for the Mongols. (That said, there were actually more GIs soldiers in South Vietnam in 1968 - 549,500, but no proverbs were created. This is perhaps because the American forces were gradually built up over several years and perhaps more importantly, their primary enemies, the North Vietnamese, could not see them being on the other side of parallel 17. Also its all relative in that 500,000 in the 13th century would seem a lot more.)
What was the reason for such an unusually large Mongol army for a tiny country of Vietnam with only a small population? I will touch on this a bit later.
@@祖宗-q9d So why the Vietnamese succeeded and Chinese failed? Well, the mountainous terrains in Vietnam played a major role. Here in Vietnam the Mongols couldn't advance as fast and lost the momentum as well as the typical Mongol element of surprise. It was problematic for Genghis Khan’s soldiers just to reach the heartland of northern Vietnam’s alone. It was laborious work negotiating through hundreds of kilometres of difficult passages on the mountain ranges spanning the entire border between Vietnam and China. The Vietnamese therefore had a bit more time to prepare. The Chinese on the other hand, were often startled by the trademark lightning penetration of the Mongols’s cavalries attacks.
Furthermore, by the time the Mongols attacked Vietnam for the 1st time in 1258, the Vietnamese had already been aware of the Mongols invasion of China for 50 years (beginning in around 1205). Their military tactics and strengths were known to the Vietnamese for decades.
Because of the difficult terrains, a sizeable section of the Mongol forces had to access the interior of Vietnam by rivers. They were the Mongols’ Marine Corps.
The harsh terrains also hampered the Mongols ability to supply and reinforce effectively once their army had entered Vietnam. The Vietnamese were deadly at ambushing the supplies and enforcement.
The Mongols knew Vietnam was so cut off from their bases in China and Mongolia. If the Mongols lost a major battle it would be curtains for them. Thus no second bite at the cherry.
The mountainous and jungle terrains also helped the Vietnamese with the actual fighting when they strategically retreated or forced to retreat to these areas. The Mongols sometimes chased the Vietnamese into jungles and mountains where the fighting ensued. The Vietnamese, being familiar with their environment had a clear advantage there, the Mongols, steppe people, flat-land horsey soldiers, totally out of their depth. The mountainous terrains were also used by the Vietnamese as military bases for their trademark guerrilla warfare, which gradually depleted and demoralised the Mongols forces.
@@祖宗-q9d In China's case, there was sufficient flat land linking Mongolia all the way southward with all Chinese cities and provinces of strategical, political and economic importance . The Mongols were able to carry out their speedy mobilisation of their cavalries and their trademark lightning attacks, easy supplies and reinforcements whenever necessary. The terrains of China suited the Mongols military concept thus giving them the edge over the Song. The Mongols was able to maintain momentum and an element of surprise in China as opposed to in Vietnam.
Another huge problem for China at the time was that it was fragmented with different factions more interested in fighting each others. It was an inward looking giant, very vulnerable to foreign aggression should it manifest itself. It did not therefore possess the ability to muster optimal military power to face what was already a formidable fighting force in the Mongols. A small number of factions even sided with the Mongols against the Song empire, which was very powerful in its own right.
Not so dissimilar to China, infighting and civil wars were of course no strangers to the Vietnamese throughout their history but fortunately for Vietnam, the Tran dynasty had been in full control of Vietnam during all of the 3 Mongol invasions and had every able men available to fight the invaders. Not only that, the Tran Dynasty further maximised their military strength by securing an alliance with the Champa kingdom, which had also been under the Mongols’ radar for invasion.
In fact, the Mongols had previously asked the Vietnamese to allow them to use Vietnam only as a route to invade Champa. This request was refused. The Vietnamese didn’t fall for the Mongol’s trick knowing too well they would eventually attack Vietnam possibly on 2 fronts once they had conquered Champa. Plus Vietnam had its own annexing plans for Champa even as early as the 13th century.
In Vietnam, their cavalries were not as effective as they were in the spacious and flatter China or central Asia and Eastern Europe. Strategically the Mongols relied on the element of surprise with their speedy advance using horses - a revolutionary military concept, well ahead of its time. That was how they defeated most of their enemies, thrusting their cavalries with blistering speeds like a dagger into the heart of their unprepared enemies, many a times cutting off the head of the snake.
Much similar to what Hitler’s forces did so successfully at the start of world war 2 in France and other European countries almost 700 years later (I am not suggesting in any shape or form that Hitler learned from Genghis Khan. The time gap was too large for that, the technologies much more advanced with full gun-powdered weaponries, mechanized warfare, tanks and airplanes by the middle of the 20th century but sure, they both seemed to have employed a similar military concept in isolation).
The Vietnamese also adopted an important strategy whereby, unlike China and in fact many other countries attacked by the Mongols, the Vietnamese avoided confronting the Mongol forces head-on in battles at the beginning when the Mongol forces were still strong at all costs. Dai Viet, as the country was called then preferred to concede land and even fortified cities and retreating out of sight into the countryside and mountains. The strategy prevented the Vietnamese from being surrounded and annihilated by the powerful and speedy Mongol cavalries - the Mongols’ strength.
Strategically the Vietnamese were therefore ready for the Mongols. At the start of the 3rd invasion, one of the Vietnamese generals confidently told Emperor Tran Thanh Tong: ‘Your Royal Highness, We will defeat them easily this time’.
The Vietnamese employed a scorched earth policy in the final invasion as they had done previously in the 1st and 2nd, leaving hardly any produces for the Mongols to feed their soldiers and horses. Crucially, supplies and reinforcement from China by land were difficult and slow due to the mountainous terrains whilst those being undertaken by waterways were also slow, difficult to conceal, easily spotted, difficult to evade once spotted and therefore susceptible to sabotages by the Vietnamese.
Water was not a medium the Mongols revelled in. Lest we forget they lost in Japan and Java because they had to enter the water. In Vietnam, a large percentage of their forces had to access the interior via rivers or the sea too due to difficult terrain. Vietnam also had a long coastline contributing to the existence of a relatively large and powerful naval force. The Vietnamese’ experience, knowledge of naval warfare and size of their naval force were in fact much underestimated.
To compound the matter for the Mongols, the tropical heat of northern Vietnam’s summer sapped the Mongol soldiers of their strength and together with hunger, many of them succumbed to strange tropical diseases.
In contrast, in China, where the climate being mostly Arid and Temperate, the Mongols generally did not have to suffer the unfamiliar humidity, heat and diseases of an alien Tropical world of Vietnam.
@@祖宗-q9d The final battle
The Vietnamese strategically waged guerrilla warfare to chip at the Mongols' army and fought defensive battles to hold the Mongols to bide time. They waited until the Mongols fighting capability had been greatly diminished by hunger, tropical diseases and guerrilla attacks, then gathering all their large ships together, decisively counter-attacked in a bloody boarding and missile aquatic battle. Unable to withstand the sudden and aggressive naval onslaught, the Mongols’ fleet retreated in the direction of China, upstream of the river Bach Dang. Their route downstream to the sea was blocked by large Vietnamese battleships. What the Mongols did not know was that they were heading straight into a deadly trap set by the Vietnamese.
The Vietnamese army tricked the Mongols’ large vessel fleet 400 strong, at low tide, and destroyed it on the Bach Dang river with small, fast and more manoeuvrable boats
Prior to the naval battle, the Vietnamese had hammered or simply dropped (with rocky bases) hundreds of steel-capped wooden stakes into the river-bed. It can be said that the erection was meticulously controlled and the Vietnamese knew their stakes well. The heights of the stakes were controlled such that at high tide they were well below the surface while being just a couple of feet below at low tide. The intention was for the stakes to be invisible at either tides. They were designed to puncture the undersides of the Mongols timber war ships at low tide and block the Mongols retreating route. The timing of the naval attack therefore coincided with the daily low tide.
General Trần Hưng Đạo, a masterful strategist, didn’t just want to win this naval battle, he wanted to annihilate the huge Mongol fleet and decisively end the Mongols invasion there and then.
Hundreds small boats, prepared in the weeks prior to the battle, were waiting further upstream for the expected stranded Mongols fleet. These small boats timely moved downstream onto the river battle field manoeuvring between the wooden stakes or even gliding above them, both of which the cumbersome, deep-waterline vessels of the Mongols were unable to manage. Using missiles and fire-arrows the Vietnamese soldiers decimated the now immobilised Mongols large war ships from their fast-moving small boats with ease .
Meanwhile, the equally weakened Mongol cavalries being simultaneously attacked on land, beat a hasty retreat back to China, never to return.
Earlier on I mentioned about the huge army, up to 500,000 soldiers the Mongols deployed in their 3rd invasion of Vietnam. So huge that it even produced a Vietnamese proverb, ‘So crowded, like Mongols soldiers’. So what was the reason for this huge Mongol army in the 2nd and 3rd invasions when Vietnam was only a tiny country then with a small population and army? (Modern day north Vietnam only, South Vietnam had been a state called Champa annexed by the Vietnamese much later)
Well, it was no coincidence. It was part of the Mongols strategy for the 2nd and 3rd invasions of Vietnam. Having invaded Vietnam before and failed the Mongols had been wary about all the problems they would have to face in Vietnam particularly in the 3rd invasion just like they had in the last 2 wars: Mountainous-jungle terrains and associated problems of jungle fighting, guerrilla warfare, sabotages of supplies and reinforcement; Tropical weather and diseases; Scorched-earth tactics. They knew a quick victory was crucial.
It would appear that the Mongols strategy for their 3rd attempt was to deploy a huge, huge army with a hope of quickly overwhelming the Vietnamese and winning the war promptly before all these problems became detrimental.
It was a last throw of the dice hoping to realise their dream to conquer Vietnam and the whole of south east Asia thereafter . It was a gamble.
Unfortunately for the Mongols, their gamble did not pay off. It did not produce a quick victory as Kublai Khan had planned. The Vietnamese Royal family and its army had vacated their Capital city Hanoi early and retreated to the countryside, the mountains and sometimes as far as Champa.
The Mongols just couldn't engage the evasive Vietnamese in a major set-piece battle on the flat land of the Red River Delta to finish them off as they had hoped. The Vietnamese with a much smaller army knew it would be suicidal to face the Mongols on a set piece battle or be trapped by them. By now the Vietnamese were also fully aware of the Typical Mongol sieges which had helped them defeat the Song in China. The Vietnamese army thus often retreated to the mountains in clusters and picked the right moments to deliver surprised attacks.
It turned out to be a much longer war. Not exactly epic( no more than a year) but long enough that too many Mongol soldiers perished from guerrilla attacks, hunger as well as tropical diseases which their immune system had not been used to coming from a different climate, long enough to become demoralised. All the problems the Mongols had feared indeed presented themselves and haunted them horribly at the end.
To wrap up,
The victory was the results of:
The mountainous terrains favouring the Vietnamese soldiers in jungle fighting while slowing down the Mongols cavalries, hampering and sabotaging supplies & reinforcements
Natural defences by ways of strength-sapping heat, humidity and deadly tropical diseases
Scorched-earth strategy denying the Mongol soldiers and their horses of food.
The Mongols had to result to part- cavalry, part-naval warfare due to the 1st bullet point. The Vietnamese naval force was more powerful than anticipated, more experienced than that of the Mongols and coupled with the above, able to defeat the Mongol fleet on the Bach Dang river.
The foxy military tactics of the Vietnamese in using guerrilla warfare, avoiding big battles when the enemies were still strong, successfully avoiding typical Mongol sieges and making use of the tides.
It was a combination of all of the above factors. Just 1 less and I think the balance might have swung in the Mongols favour.
Cuối cùng cũng có 1 ai đó làm video nói về cuộc chiến này 😀 , người Việt Nam chưa hề sợ bất kì 1 kẻ thù nào ❤
Việt Nam bên nên viết hoa.Phải tôn trọng từ việc nhỏ nhặt như thế này
@@Fumio2017 ok bạn
Thực ra cũng hơi rén vì có ai muốn chiến tranh đâu. Nhưng mà đến thì vẫn phải đánh thui 😀.
Bạn nên khiêm tốn để có được sự kính trọng tự bạn bè
Some pretty clever tactics employed by the Nam. Determined resistance + the jungle defeated a mighty enemy, indeed !
Determined resistance yes ,jungle no ,I lived in Vietnam for 7 years , the North is definitely NOT tropical it is a temperate climate. the forests look feel and smell like a British forest in the summer time
@@expatstone8310 Even a British forest, if filled with combatants, would be a little demoralizing.
@@murrayscott9546 Lots of talk of tropical weather, jungles and tropical diseases in the north, not true. As an English city boy from London I would agree when working in the south lots of food poisoning and diarrhoea while being eaten alive by bugs that ground us down to weaklings in a very short space of time.But hey ho when in Rome Vietnam had lots of speed and opium to soften the pain and discomfort.
Chả có khu rừng nào chống lại dc quân Mongol cả anh bạn à 😂😂😂
@@highlightsfootball9464 please translate to English.
The most fascinating part in this video is, for those who are aware of asian history, that the Dai Viets have very Chinese / Oriental sounding names & that of Champa have very Indian / Hindu sounding names like Vijaya, Indra Varman etc. Very obvious why that region of Asia is also called Indo China !!
wish we had some more detailed accounts of some of the battles. hard to imagine mongol warfare in such a humid and vegetated land
I lived in Vietnam for 7 years , the North is definitely NOT tropical it is a temperate climate. the forests look feel and smell like a British forest in the summer time
@expatstone8310 that's completely nonsense. There is no fucking way Cuc Phuong national park is the same as your average British forest.
Most of the jungles, swamps in northern vietnam (the red river delta) has been cut down or drained into agriculture land. Back in the 13 century, the region was much more covered, very different from the open space it is today.
@@SavageDragon999 hey savage,granted The British forests have less mountains and monkeys but the trees and trails look very similar and the average temperature is the same as a British forest in summer.Having worked in and enjoyed both I can honestly say the Brits were not out of our comfort zone, the south we very much were.
@@TTminh-wh8me Ok I did not consider that but I do remember the Northern Vietnamese wearing ski jackets in the winter.
A little side note for those who have read or will read the book on Genghis Khan by Jack Weatherford. I am pretty sure that Weatherford is a great authority on Mongolian history but the section about VN in his Genghis Khan book just demonstrates his total ignorance of Vietnamese history. According to that book, the Mongols easily conquered VN. I don't know what sources he consulted when writing that section but maybe he should watch this video and rewrite that part of his book in future editions.
Người mông cổ chưa bao giờ chinh phục được Việt Nam, điều đó được ghi nhận cả trong lịch sử Việt Nam vs lịch sử Mông Cổ. Tôi nghĩ cuốn sách mà bạn nhắc tới là của một người ngồi tòm google và sao chép để in ra nó. Và sẽ có nhầm lẫn khi họ tiếp cận với những nguồn tin sai lệch.
Tôi tán đồng ý kiến của bạn. Jack Weatherford đã cố tình không hiểu quân Nguyên Mông đã bị người Việt trừng trị như thế nào.
Every country has it's story. Love the content!
Many Indonesians often compare Vietnam's war with the US to the war against Dutch colonialism with Indonesia. Vietnam even received support from China and Russia. That's funny because America doesn't fight alone, it fights with its allies. In comparison, Indo should be compared to this Mongol war as both cases were fought independently without alliances. And Vietnam's guerrilla fighting style originated from here, without learning anything from any Indonesian military strategy.
Simple thing. Mongols and turkic and scythian all steppe warrior groups relied on clean steppe grasslands which was not present at all in the vietnam with mountains and swamps. Which needed better infantry which the mongols lacked significantly.
After the ghengis khan days, the mongols used Chinese troops to fight for them instead of their own horsemen. So they didn’t lack infantry, nah they just fought the wrong enemies or sucked.
Bro, since their invasion of Khwarizmi Empire, the Mongols had been incorporating local population into their army. They used the Chinese as their engineers, to make siege engines to siege cities. As far as to Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Not to mention in the Vietnam where they could employ former Southern Song soldiers easily.
@@skimidot92 Well that's not my point man. Even if they had better infantry their cavalry would have lagged behind. Their cavalry was their strong point. The song soldiers would have been under mongol command therefore there would have been significant problems in communication as well as in tactics as mongol commanders were not familiar in tactics like mountain and swamps. But the biggest point is their supply route would have bogged down as with any country. If the song soldiers were very strong why couldn't they conquer vietnam or any South east Asian country. Lastly they wouldnt have recruited song soldiers in huge numbers because as I said they believed a lot in the power of steppe horsemen
@@VioletMilks Bro tell me one thing if the mongol army sucked after Genghis Khan why did they make headway in the middle East and eastern Europe. They couldn't have done it without ambitious and talented commanders. Secondly as I said they relied heavily on the horsemen and the horsemen would have been their strong point. Countries like vietnam didn't have any battlefield suitable for horsemen not only that the supple route would have been in very much pressure. Why would a mongol army wouldn't have it's horsemen.And even the song soldiers wouldn't have been familiar in swamp/mountain warfare (they lived in the plains not in the swamps). While the Vietnamese would have been trained specifically in the sort of their warfare not only that there wouldn't have been supply issues as it was their homeland
Another factors is water warfare. Mongol was not good at boat at all, they had to incorporate Han soldier for water warfare, but even Southern Han was not very efficient with the kind of small rivers and swamp in Vietnam. While Vietnamese was master of water warfare in this kind of terrain since ancient time. Their naval played critical role in supplying and transporting troops everywhere, while Mongol cavalry just couldnt catch with Vietnamese ship maneuver
The Mongols' greatest defeat is not at Ain Jalut but in Dai Viet and Champa. Also, thanks for covering the history of East Asia again! It's been a while since I saw one on this channel!
wrong, their greatest defeat is Ain Jalut // Dai viet and Champa conducted Guerilla warfare // But the Mamelukes Defeated the Mongols in Open Pitched battle, outmatching them in a head on clash, which broke their prestige
@@aburoach9268yeah, Mamluk victory at Ain Jalut saved the entire Middle East and Africa from being steamrolled by Mongols.
@@aburoach9268 nah, both can be right, it has to do with how you define "victory" / "defeat".
In term of scales alone, the war against the Dai Viet dwarf Ain Jalut in size, boasting 300000 troops from the mongols (some source cite 500000), and about 100000 Daivietnese troops in both the 2nd and the 3rd invasions. That's at least 10 times greater than most of the invasions the Mamluks and its allies have seen, at least that's what I could find. I'll admit I'm not well-versed in the history of Africa and the Muslim World. But "greatest" it was not.
The reason Ain Jalut are often viewed by international historians as the greatest victory against the Mongols has to do with the definition. Since the Dai Viet and Champa continued to give tribute to the Mongol Empire after they won both wars (arguably, the first one as well), they argued that the Mongols had achieved their purpose to inherit the vassal states of the Song Dynasty and thus, "winning" rather than a "losing" the war. Yet, if you research a bit more about the local historians pov, you'll know that the Champa and the Dai Viet would most likely give tribute to their bigger state after the war to be left in peace, as they have done so times after times in the past, and will continue to do so in the future war with the Ming and Qing Dynasties. So, from the pov of a different culture, it was a defeat from the Mongols. As said, both of you can be right. It come down to how you define "victory" in this particular war. However, had we viewed the war as a defeat the Mongols suffered, as per this video, we'd have a rather hot debate on our hand.
Btw, it's far from a simple "guerilla warfare". The Mongol suffered heavy loss and retreat, knowing despite winning a massive battle at Binh Le Nguyen, they couldn't keep the occupied territory under their control for long. Later, it was written in the book "the history of Yuan", citing the reason for their retreat was the hot weather. Which has been called bullshits by many modern historians as the war took place in the middle of winter.
@@lamvutran9345 you are not giving the symbolic impact of a guerilla war vs a conventional war, enough credit here // The Vietnamese made good use of their terrain which did not favor the mongol style of war and conducted irregular warfare with many skirmishes and ambushes
The Mamelukes on the other hand Defeated the Mongols on *their preferred terrain* with *their preferred tactic* called a feigned retreat
Clearly the Impact of the Mameluke victory on mongol "invincibility" was massive and spoke way louder then vietnam
That's why historians speak of Ain jalut soo much, Because for the first time this highly skilled army that Ghenghis built, got outmatched in it's own game, Terrain & manner of warfare by another Better Cavalry Force
it cannot be blamed on terrain, or element of surprise
It's simply a clean head on clash by two cavalry armies on the open field and one got better of the other
A challenger dethroned the Champion of Cavalry combat
It's like if the Iraqi army under saddam were to win a tank battle against the US
lol compares guerrilla warfare and hiding in the forests to open warfare above ground in a barren desert. The Mongols faced real Muslim men. They confronted them with swords. hit them in the middle of their faces. and annihilated the Mongolian army with a word in the Battle of Ain Jalut. They beheaded the leader of the Mongol army and hung his head on a spear. The commander's name was Katbugha Khan
I am Vietnamese.I Very happy and proud that you worked on Vietnamese history ❤
Your talent leaves me speechless. Keep following your dreams!
1:23 "Chinese was the official language of the court". As I understand it, language includes both speaking and writing, but we only use Chinese characters in administrative documents but still speak in Vietnamese. Chinese characters in Vietnam are called Chữ Nho. Chữ Nho are Chinese characters pronounced in Vietnamese. Chữ mean words, Nho means Confucianism. It is called that because it is a tool to spread Confucianism. Because of the different pronunciation, according to many records at that time, many people could even communicate with Chinese people in writing but could not communicate by voice.
This was a great episode! There should be an episode (or multiple) on the history of the Cham people. Champa ruled central and south Vietnam for around a millennia.
More than a millennia.
Rất lâu trước đây, khoảng 6000-10000 trước, có một tộc người sinh sống từ sông Dương Tử, trải dài xuống phía nam! Tức là một nửa Trung Quốc ngày nay! Họ có một nền văn minh lúa nước phát triển rực rỡ, liên tục suốt hàng ngàn năm, với đồ đồng tinh xảo, chữ viết riêng ( Giáp Cốt văn, chữ Khoa Đẩu tượng thanh) ! Khác biệt hoàn toàn với các cộng đồng dân du mục phía bắc như dân tộc Hán, Mông Cổ! Cả về ngoại hình cao lớn, mắt 1 mí, trông lúa mạch, chăn nuôi gia súc! Nhưng không có gì là mãi mãi, các tộc người dần phân chia theo kiểu liên bang! Sau đó bị các tộc phía bắc liên tục thôn tính và đồng hóa!
Đó là nền văn minh lúa nước của Bách Việt!
Cổ vật đại diện tiêu biểu là chiếc trống làm từ đồng, người ta thì nghiệm chọn một vị trí cao và đánh trống vào ban đêm! Người cách xa 10km vẫn nghe thấy!
Qua thời gian, bị thôn tính! Tộc người đó di chuyển kết tinh lại!
Và Việt Nam chính là tinh hoa còn sót lại của văn minh Bách Việt!
I think the US government should have watched this video before invading Vietnam. Excellent, well-researched and presented video. Thank you.
I don’t think they did. My mom always said that we were the only ones able to stop the mongols.
@@yenlinhtran69 That mean the Roman were kinda shit at wars.
Probably because there was no TH-cam back then:))
I think you might be right, but I am not sure, I think they should have watched anyway, just in case.@@Phuongtran-wp2jt
and now Americans know that better's become friend of Vietnamese than their enemy .....
From ancient times until now, Vietnam has defeated Mongolia 3 times, China 21 times, America, Japan, France and Pol Pot. However, China has never given up the idea of invading Vietnam even now.
Vietnamese books say that China ruled Vietnam for 1,000 years?
@@jkc3738 đúng rồi, cai trị với đánh bại có liên quan tới nhau à
@@viluanon8275 what kind of worm language is that？
@@viluanon8275 next
From ViệtNam with love ❤❤🇻🇳🇻🇳. Thank U
Awesome! I would love to see more from you guys on Southeast Asia.
Many people say that the Mongols were not used to the tropical monsoon climate in Vietnam, but they only invaded Northern Vietnam. The climate in the 13th century was not as hot as it is now, and Mongolia has the Gobi desert that is as hot as the Saha During the day and at night it is colder than Northern Vietnam
You forgot the humidity. In the north of Vietnam, the weather is weird and unbearable. It can be hot and norm like a tropical jungle in summer but turns cold and norm in some days in winter, and other days can be cold and dry. Norm days have humidity like 99% that you can swim in the air and everything has mold on it. The Mongols and Tartars are used to dry climate not norm country that contains so many germs and tropical diseases
@@MinhNguyen-ff6xfĐúng rồi. Mặc dù chúng ta chiến thắng nhưng sự thật là chúng ta có lợi thế về địa hình lẫn khí hậu. Và chúng ta đã tận dụng những lợi thế đó 1 cách rất hiệu quả.
Don’t forget Vietnam’s mountains, jungles, mosquitoes and malaria
@@user-nx2uo5jo1cchính người việt nam cũng phải chịu đựng những thứ này 😅
The Yuan Mongol army's navy in the third invasion failed precisely due to the following reasons: The Yuan Mongol army's navy approached the coast of Vietnam divided into 2 waves, the first wave gathered mainly naval forces. The army fought with warships, and the logistics fleet followed every few days. Warships of the Mongol Yuan army advanced through the river mouth and encountered few obstacles. Tran Hung Dao had information from reconnaissance that the following logistics ships had little defense and proactively attacked and destroyed them by fire attack after bypassing the Mongol warships and then using the strategy of wooden stakes planted in the river bottom when the Mongol army retreated.
The North of Vietnam is shielded by the Philippines and China's Hainan Island, so it does not have extreme storms along the North coast and small storms occasionally occur periodically, they only really occur. appears at certain times of the year. Vietnamese people know very well the seasons of the year and their entire history. The time when the Mongol Yuan army chose to attack Vietnam for the third time was carefully planned by them after the first two failures. They arrived during the month when we confirmed there could be no storms in North Vietnam.
And they still got hit by the storm. The divine wind was never on the side of Khubilai 😀.
The Vietnamese people have a long history of being rice farmers. This is also why they have a deep understanding of the weather in their region.
The Vietnamese people are the most innovative warriors in history .
In Vietnamese culture, there exists a profound concept known as "village culture," where interconnected communities form the foundation of the nation itself. When an invading force sets its sights on Vietnam, they do not merely face the court or monarchy, for these are merely symbolic representations of the millions of Vietnamese people. The true challenge lies in confronting the indomitable spirit of the villagers themselves.
Even if the ruling sovereign falls in battle, another will inevitably rise from among the people to lead the resistance. This cycle continues relentlessly, fueled by an unwavering determination to fight until the ultimate victory is achieved and the invaders are repelled. The invading army must contend not just with military might, but with the unbreakable resolve of a people deeply rooted in their village traditions and their love for their homeland.
Exactly. ❤❤
i am Vietnamese, we are very proud to have 2/10 of the best generals in the world 🎉
1:19That's not Chinese, that's Sino-Vietnamese, a combination of Chinese and ancient Vietnamese. Vietnam has been colonized by China for nearly 1,000 years, but not once have Vietnamese people forgotten their roots. They always understand that Vietnamese people are different. Chinese people, as long as China has a little trouble, Vietnam will immediately rise up, even the French are the same. Vietnamese people, when attacked, always fight at the risk of their lives.
Chữ Nôm tới thời Lê mới thành ngôn ngữ chính thức
Interesting stuff. I thought I had some knowledge of the Mongols and had never heard about this.
Hope Netflix make a series about this legendary war
I hope not my friend! I don't want our country's historical characters to be transformed by Western filmmakers like some current works! We in Vietnam are very harsh about this! You can insult us personally but don't change a bit of history! kkk
Please don't, they will invent black Vietnamese people
1:22 To be precise, Traditional Chinese Script (chữ Nho) is Tran Dynasty Official Script. Their language was Old Vietnamese (Native + Sino-Vietnamese same way with Korean and Japanese), and they read Traditional Chinese Script with just Sino-Vietnamese.
well done as always!
Small fact: "Han", also called "chinese mandatory", were spoken parallel with "Nôm", which combines Han characters to create new words