How scaffold and biomaterials help regeneration?
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 19 เม.ย. 2024
- After the discovery of stem cells, we started isolating them and culturing them in the lab to make thousands and millions of them. One treatment is to directly inject those stem cells to the site of injury, which we call free cell transplantation. But it doesn't a very efficient treatment. Because most of the stem cells that we are going to inject are going to be lost during the procedure. Moreover, many of them don't know what they should do after that. To overcome this, we make a temporary structure called a "scaffold" to support the stem cells. It provides physical and chemical cues for our stem cells to proliferate and differentiate into more specified cells. Therefore, the properties of the scaffold are crucial. So, in this video, I will explain some of those properties.
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In this channel I'm using a number system for my references, which you can see the number in the left corner of my video. So, you can download the references file in here and use articles if you wanna gather more information and learn more.
References file:
drive.google.com/file/d/1audL...
In attributions file you can find all the Creative Commons licensees and materials that I used in this video.
Attributions file:
drive.google.com/file/d/1netb...
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1. The musics in this video is composed by amazing @ScottBuckley
make sure you check him out:
/ musicbyscottb
2. I used some stock footage from these channels which is great. Check them out in:
• Doctor Stock Footages ...
www.videezy.com
The rest you can find in attributions file.
3. the first scene derive from this channel:
/ goldeneagleloghomeswis...
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Timestamps:
00:00 Definition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and biomaterials
02:40 Stem cells transplantation and its problem
04:08 The relationship between stem cells and scaffold
04:50 Biomaterial source
05:28 Hydrophilicity
05:00 Porosity
07:00 Mechanical properties
08:00 Surface topography
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#TDIITD #Biomaterials #Tissueengineering - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
I love that you included the references in the description. Thanks a lot!
You are totally welcome, Maryam. If you have any suggestion for making this channel better in the future, just comment in the community tab. I would appreciate any Idea.
@@Find-the-Devil actually this is the first video of yours that I’ve seen, as a student I appreciate it. I was sure I’d need to refer to more and so I subscribed (the witty username was a bonus) I think ur doing a great job as is. Hopefully ur channel grows more to get the recognition it deserves🎉
@@maryamnaseerkhan3081 Thank you for your comments. They are really encouraging. I hope you enjoy other videos as well.
The problem is the scaffold itself is dynamic. In the body cells respond to the extracellular matrix but also remodel it. As long as we view the extracellular matrix and cells as two separate things and not as one tissue we will never be able to accurately recreate tissue outside the body for implantation into the body.
For example: I see so few studies that explore how cells change the mechanical properties of scaffolds they are grown on. It’s always how the scaffold effects the cells, not how they develop together. Often during embryonic development matrix deposition occurs simultaneously to cell maturation (this is a simplification). Yet so many attempts to create biomimetics involve just throwing cells onto a pre-organized environment. The kind of ECM they would exist on if the tissue was immediately mature. BUT these aren’t mature cells, they’re stem cells. It’s bonkers. It’s like putting a toddler in a car and expecting them to immediately learn how to drive. Or maybe more like building a window frame and then pouring molten glass on the frame and expecting it to form a window.
Ugh and don’t even get me started on macro environmental stimuli lol. (If that’s even what it’s called). Even if we pretend that cells don’t change the properties of scaffolds they are cultured on, we create half of these scaffolds without the mechanical conditions they would be exposed to inside the body.
For example: If you make a material that immediately has the tensile properties of skeletal muscle, who is to say it will retain these properties when exposed to the continuous strain and relaxation that skeletal muscle undergoes during contraction? Who is to say that the mechanical properties of skeletal muscle don’t arise as a result of this contraction? Does that mean this artificial ecm is going to get even more stiff when implanted?
We need to design with the “before” in mind. How do the non-cellular components of tissue behave while the tissue is still malleable and able to regenerate? What is the structure of the non cellular components of tissue when the cells that are within it are still developing? What happens as cells and their non cellular components grow and mature together? How is the whole tissue shaped by the environment it is grown in?
Until we learn how to mimic this or at least design with these concepts in mind there will be a severe functional disconnect between biomimetic and native tissue.
Or if you don’t agree let me know! Maybe I’m just really confused about the state of the field or really biased towards anti-scaffold methods of tissue regeneration.
THIS is exactly what I was looking for. I am a neuroengineer looking forward to specializing in cell regeneration, and this video explains it so well
Hi. Thank you for your comment. I am dedicated this channel to organ engineering and regeneration in general. Therefore, stay around. I hope you enjoy my other videos as well.
Hi I m looking for more on neuro engineering can u pls share more about that
I'm a textile engineering student and will do my thesis (which includes a practical prototype development) about the engineering of a 3D braided polymer scaffold (ceramic after sintering) for the regeneration of the hip bone tissue. I was wondering about the mechanical properties required for such an application as well as the porosity distribution and size. As I don't have a background in medicine, your video helped me understand the basis for my study. Well done 👏
I love this comment. Thank you for watching. You have an amazing topic for your thesis. I'm gonna talk a lot about tissue engineering in this channel. I barely scratch the surface. Stay around because I'm going to review a lot of articles and try to explain the fundamental biology principles, techniques, and characterizations. I hope you enjoy my other content as well in the future, and I hope they help you in your thesis.
I started making a series of videos about bone tissue engineering. I thought It would beneficial for you. Here is the link of the first video. th-cam.com/video/ULot6h7ZDsQ/w-d-xo.html
This is an amazing video with great explanation and graphics!
Thank you Layla. I hope it helped. Stay tuned for more.
this just so perfect. Thank you so much!
Thank you for your comment, this means a lot. Stay around for more detailed videos on this topic.
Perfectly explained! U just got another sub
Awesome! Thank you.
Wow... very detailed yet easy for the everyday guy to follow.
I appreciate that!
thank you ,great explanation doctor
You are totally welcome. Thank you for watching and great comment.
This is such a great video.. thanks a lot 💥❤
You're welcome 😊, Glad you like it.
Really appreciate you putting reference link.
Helps me with my research
Thank you for comment and good luck with your research.
Great video! It would also be interesting to include the growth of scaffolds from a hydrophobic biomaterial, for instance growing an ECM on PDMS for skin graft scaffolds
This is beyond perfect man, I'm considering specializing in regenerative medicine and this paved a smooth way for me into it. Thank you so much. Never stop doing this.
Awesome. This is a great and exiting field and I wish the best for you. Stick around since I talk a lot about regenerative medicine.
Nice introductory videos that quickly familiarize and help you grasp the topic. Underrated, I would say. 🤨
Btw what is the movie at the end? It looks interesting.
I appreciate that! Glad you liked it.
It is The Amazing Spider-Man
@@Find-the-Devil oh, thanks
thank u !!!
You’re amazing!
Thanks🌷.
Great video!
Thank you for your comment!
Please make a video about the biological tooth and all the latest developments!!
Hi, i'm new to this subject so sorry if this is a dumb question. Can you tell me if an organ e.g. a heart valve grows on the scaffold? or do we collect the differentiated cells and make the valve in some other method.
Thank you.
Sure, no problem. There is no such thing as a dumb question. So, just stay around and ask questions. This is the purpose of this channel. To answer your question, if you wanna make an organ or even tissue, you should definitely use a scaffold. In a general and simple sense, We should collect stem cells and grow them on a scaffold. Then, the stem cells would differentiate into heart valve cells. However, we somehow should tell the stem cells to differentiate into just heart valve cells not other cells. One way is to use chemical molecules. But more importantly, the physical and chemical properties of the scaffold are super important. For example, a scaffold with certain surface topography can tell the stem cells to differentiate into heart valve cells. For more information about this topic, you can watch this video.
th-cam.com/video/EqQTDAyt_SQ/w-d-xo.html
Thank you for your vedio
Now I'm super clear about scaffold .
Again thank you so much.
I'm a Biotechnology student, your vedios are amazing and so interesting.
Hi, Thank you for your kind comment. Stay around for more interesting topics in tissue engineering that will come up soon.
Sure.
Really amazing ☺️.
thanks again and I am I'm using pictures from your video in my seminar I hope you don't mind
Sure. Just please share my channel if it's possible so I can keep making content.
@@Find-the-Devil Ok I did
thx
You are totally welcome.
you must know the classical human blood and flesh and than pick up the "new" molecule and implement it it in the daily DNA structure
Can you please tell me how to extract the biomaterials for plants that mean specific compound?
I'm sorry. I don't understand your question fully, but if you mean how we can extract different biomaterials from plants like alginate, etc. There are a lot of different ways for each of them. You can find them in scientific articles like this, which demonstrated one of the ways that you can extract alginate. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32718593/
My question is ,if I want pain relief compound from plant ,how we extract this compound from plant?
Can you tell me the process?
@@karukkvelp4476 Sorry but pain relief compounds extraction from plants is a completely different story, and it's irrelevant to biomaterials. But to answer your question; It depends on the type of chemical you wanna extract. Every chemical requires different extraction techniques.
Excellent content.
Do you think scaffolds can play a role in limb lengthening?
Thank you for your comment Irfan. I should read a lot more about limb lengthening to answer this question with confidence. However, When we need regeneration in our body we need basic chemicals and physical cues of the extracellular matrix at some point. So, using scaffolds would be a great choice for regeneration. But before we can use them effectively we need to solve a lot of problems. Probably gonna make videos about this topic in the future. Thank you for the suggestion.
@@Find-the-Devil Thanks for considering it. If possible check out the TH-cam channel by the name of Cyborg 4 life. He has amazing content on the subject.
The present procedure is very barbaric yet thousands undergo this procedure. A scaffold system could be the next big break in this area.
Nice. Absolutely. I am also making a series of videos about bone tissue engineering and I will probably talk about this topic in that series. So, stay tuned, and don't forget to share my videos with people who are interested in the subject. That would be really appreciated and helpful.
@@Find-the-Devil I have already shared your channel link with Victor ( Cyborg4life). May be you guys can connect. The entire community would be very interested in this subject matter.
Will definitely share your channel else where.
Cheers 😊.
Also there are regular open mic session and if you can come as a guest that will be a valuable content for the community as well as good exposure for your channel.
what type of cell studies are there to synthesis scaffold?
The synthesis of scaffolds is more related to material engineering, chemistry, and chemical engineering fields. The cell studies would come after when you wanna culture the cells in the scaffold.
@@Find-the-Devil thank you so much for replying 😊😊
You are totally welcome. If you have more question feel free to ask.
@@Find-the-Devil Sure 😊
I kneed this. See what I did there... I'll show myself out
😻 Promo>SM!
Thank you for that amazing video it helped me so much 🤍
Thank You for your nice comment. Stay around for more.