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Please do some video on BMAC. It is likely one of the early developed civilization traiding with Indus Valley and Near East and either destroyed or assimilated after its natural decline by proto-Indo-Iranians on their way to India and Iran respectively.
To be fair why don't you present the OIT side as well. Please interview Shrikant Talageri or Nicholas Kazanas or be Koenraad Elst who propounded the Indian homeland backed up with evidence. It be would be nice for a non-Indian channel to give a Indian view as well apart from the Hindu polical and social reasons.
@@raghavarvoltore6517 I second that! The closeness of Sanskrit to the theorised PIE and the implausibility of Vedic culture deriving from the steppes as set out by those theorists needs to be properly taken on board.
@@donjohn8688 There are experts that say that humans are from the outer space. India is well known for its blind nationalism that rejects all reasonable explanations of the modern science. Don't try to bring this virus here. We have a Turkish nationalist in comments already. You can argue with him. The Turks and Indians are opponents worthy of each other when it comes to question who is the father of all nations )))
A lot of that history, if known, would tend to show the peoples involved in a bad light. Yamnaya male genes spread - female genes did not. It is reasonable to suppose the Yamnaya probably slaughtered the men they encountered in their travels and impregnated the women. Tough if you are a non-Yamnaya man
@@AS-vq3wt Pakistanis are Indo-European. The mohejo-daro people pre-date the Aryans but probably NOT by 10,000 years. Pakistanis are not descendants of the Mohenjo-Daro people.
@@patrickklocek3332 The northern people have links to Europe but certainly not the people of Punjab or further south. We are the grandsons of Mohenjo Daro. Greatest civilization humanity has ever seen. Close second is our brothers in Mesopotamia. The people of Uruk. Notice that I didn't mention Greeks or any European peoples. That's because they were never great. Only a creation of western media.
It should be noted that the horse population from the Botai group did not genetically extend into current horse populations either to the West or East. So while the domestication of horses may have been passed as knowledge, the breed did not.
@Pojka This Botai paper was recently criticized. It immediately triggered my BS detector deep into the red zone, when they stated that "at least some mares were domesticated". That's nonsensical. You domesticate a species, not an individual animal. Willful ignorance? I suppose so. I can hardly imagine someone writing a possibly break-through paper on early domestication, yet he does not understand the difference between domestication and taming. Most probably an intentionally misleading statement, aimed at sensation seeking journalists, or thereabouts.
@@vortex_1336 There's another problem with this work, which I became aware on some lecture by one of the authors. He stated, that Botai people likely got the horse already domesticated from elsewhere. My guess is, that somebody started wondering, how come hunter gatherers with no experience with herding and such, managed to domesticate the horse before dedicated pastoralists did that. So the answer would be, that they traded or stolen the horses already domesticated, which happened in Americas. The problem? The genetic studies show that those horses do not belong to the same lineage as our domestic horse. So, that seems rather unlikely... The only result that still supports the original thesis, is the supposed long term reliance on milk. I remain skeptical, until someone else repeats the measurements, or some genetic studies confirm, that Botai people had lactase persistance gene. Otherwise it looks like they were a hunter-gatherer group specialized on hunting horses. It does not exclude the possibility of taming some of the animals, just like Zebras can be tamed,. Zebras are *wild horses* , though.
@@bakters Domestication was a process. They most likely started out herding horses for food like cattle. The steppe horses were originally small like ponies. Which is why the theory is that they actually invented chariots before saddles and horse riding.
@@vortex_1336 " Domestication was a process." Of course. The question remains, did they actually do it? Did they remove violent and hostile to humans genes from the gene pool they controlled, over many generations? I doubt exactly that. "the theory is that they actually invented chariots before saddles and horse riding." Chariots? Definitely not, because chariots are a specialized war equipment. Saddles aren't necessary for horseback riding. Regarding ponies, I actually have some experience with horses that size. I was considered to be too big to ride them, but that's because I'm a modern, full sized man of 82kg (at the time). Still, the horses would carry me. It just made little sense to put a heavy man on a small horse, if bigger horses were available. In other words, I suspect they have ridden a horse before they invented the wheel, though obviously I am not sure of it. It just makes sense to me. Building a cart is a complex process when compared to simply trying to mount a tame animal. (The ponies I speak of live in the wild and in stables. The are a primitive breed. Very similar to wild horses.)
The practically all men thing made me think of New France in Canada where it was pretty much all men fur traders, looking for pelts to sell back home. The same would apply to Russian mostly all-male fur-traders venturing into Siberia around the same time. But yeah, also reminiscent of Vikings. Young men looking for land, due to lack of it back home beyond the oldest son to inherit. Thinking to the Yamnaya homeland being in the Steppe, fur would be very valuable. Cold winters, and even cold nights during summer. For the Yamnaya venturing into the forests of Europe to find good quality pelts might have been very lucrative even back then. Raiding any villages on the way an added plus. Setting up posts that eventually turn into cities, and having the wealth to attract local women. In that case similar to how Viking set up Dublin, Cork, etc, in Ireland. Of course once the land is also noted as farm worthy. That would be like a YAMNAYA GOLD RUSH. ALL MEN LOOKING FOR GOOD LAND!!.
I think the current idea of the mode of migration of the Yamnaya/IndoEuropean peoples into Europe is wrong. I think they came by sea, not by foot, colonizing first the coasts of Europe (at least the R1b haplogroup did), and they came for tin and slaves, since they came with the bronze age technology.
This is missing a big part of the picture, which is the Bell Beaker culture, which was contemporaneous with the Corded Ware and occupied Western Europe around modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, and the British Isles. Most of the present-day inhabitants of that region are descended from the Bell Beaker people, not the Corded Ware people. The Bell Beaker people are thought to have also been Indo-Europeans.
They're descended from them by proxy because they're literally the same people, which is why it's not mentioned. Bell-beakers were just a marginally different cultural complex.
@AmenRaHotepKwamemuhDyk Porchprimatesheetskinn ngr Except it wasn’t just pottery, and that’s an outdated view not supported by the DNA studies we’ve had in the last 8-10 years
@AmenRaHotepKwamemuhDyk Porchprimatesheetskinn ngr See "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe" by Olalde et al., 2018.
@@halk3 that paper clearly shows that bell beaker phenomenon spreads due to cultural interaction, originating in iberia and culturally expanded into central europe. So, beaker package doesn't represent mass migrations. Britain was the only exception where the arrival of beaker artefacts seems to be related to actual polulation movement. That paper actually supports the view beaker phenomenon was due to spread of ideas for most of the time. Earliest beaker burials from iberia didn't show steppe ancestry. It seems that british beaker people were descended from several steppe related northern european tribes who adopted the beaker pottery and brought that to britain which created the illusion that beaker was an "indo european" thing. (Arrival of steppe genes into iberia and southern france was due to later migrations)
@@freandwhickquest The title of the paper is "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe". It wasn't just Britain. It was also northwest Europe.
The Yamnaya were known for heir large herds of horses, as well as their wagons. We know the Yamnaya that migrated into Europe, covered wagons, and horse herds, (they were horse breeders). The women and children rode in the wagons, while the men, and boys rode the horses. They carried the farm hen, and plant seeds, for later cultivation. Later in European history, we witness Germanic tribes migrating the same way: Covered wagons, oxen, and horses. These migrants from Central Europe, brought with them their ox-driven heavy plow, and Three-Field-Crop-Rotation methods, (something even the Romans were ignorant of).
The collision of these two populations was not a friendly one, not an equal one, but one where the males from outside were displacing local males and did so almost completely,” Reich told New Scientist Live in September. This supports Kristiansen’s view of the Yamnaya and their descendants as an almost unimaginably violent people. Indeed, he is about to publish a paper in which he argues that they were responsible for the genocide of Neolithic Europe’s men. “It’s the only way to explain that no male Neolithic lines survived
Where we all came from can be investigated by the study of archaeology, linguistics, folklore,etc.,but the massive advancement of genetics has given us a Golden Age of anthropology. When it comes to insights into who we are, it's an amazing time to be alive.
Whoever the original Indo aryan folk were they spread not only into Europe but right down into India. When you dig into both the Irish and the Hindi traditions you find that the stories differ but the elements within the stories obviously came from a shared origin, sort of like a game of gossip going off in two directions, after a few thousand repetitions and interpretations you wind up with two very different tales, both cultures placed a high value on oral history and ensured that it was memorised, both cultures had a strictly defined social system, believed in reincarnation, had both a religious aristocracy and a warrior caste, each member of the society had their rights and duties, even down to what they could wear or own. The Irish Druids even had it worked out to exactly the worth of an individuals life if you either accidently or deliberately killed him. I guess we can blame the Indo Aryans for the invention of lawyers. It would be really interesting to see a comparison of DNA from both ends of the diaspora and get an ideal of how much was physical migration and how much was cultural spread.
You mean to say Hindu (Hindi is one of our languages from Sanskrit), there is ofcourse a lot of similarity between the Celts and us, to add to what similarities you showed the other ones include, Tuatha de Danann and Goddess Dānu, Menhirs and Shiva Linga, Druids and Brāhmaṇs, Dagda and Lord Shiva, etc. Talking about the origin we have our own theory that we call OIT for this spread from the East to West, the problem with DNA analysis in India is that we are a highly diverse population unlike Europeans so the testing needs to be include many factors which current geneticists don't seem to acknowledge without which the results won't be accurate
@@LiveAtEs Dunno about that, they did invent universal medicare and free inns for travellers, all at the high kings expense, I suppose that does offset the lawyers a bit. Civilisation seems to have gone backward since then in some ways, mostly I suspect due to lawyers. Yes I feel we really should hold lawyers against them.
So nice to receive this information and to hear a great effort on your part to speak the ancient words correctly. Well balanced presentation. Thank you!
To demonstrate the PIE speakers were farmers, and not just herders, he says PIE had a native word for wheat. Hmmm... What would that be? It's not *ĝr̥H₂-no-, "grain" (too broad). It's not *pewh₂- "mow, harvest", possibly borrowed from Semitic "wheat". *h2ed- came to mean too many things to be pinned down, though in some languages it's "emmer wheat". Hittite šeppit is borrowed for sure. In other words, the data seem to show the opposite of his conclusion on farming: they knew (and perhaps harvested) barley, but their farming words were unstable, unlike their herding terminology. Some of these farming words were borrowed (with the novel practice), but in any case they often referred to different crops in the daughter languages. So perhaps, as others posit, they were herders only, albeit gathering and occasionally tilling specific crops (like barley, but likely NOT wheat).
I think as well that considering the Yamnaya as a male population is too much of a bold assumption. I think what dna tells us is that the Yamnaya male pass on more their genes. This can mean that either the conquered males were wiped out, enslaved (thus having little to non descendants) or/and that Yamnaya male took many captive wifes. Female dna of the Yamnaya has also been found. We have to bear that in mind too.
The Cucuteni-Trypillia culture (Romanian: Cultura Cucuteni and Ukrainian: Трипільська культура), a Neolithic-Eneolithic archaeological culture (c. 5500 to 2750 BCE) of Eastern Europe was the first victim of Yamnaya expansion. Archaeological records of the Trypillia culture that was an agricultural and sedentary culture of Anatolian farmers, disappeared at the same time as Yamnaya people moved west.
@@ВацлавЭльстерман what is the proof that they were the first nomadic pastoralists? and where did the Yamnaya get their domesticate animals, the things they herded aside from horses arent native to the eurasian steppes
@@whoreofdragonstone1031 they was first nomadic who invent cariages, wheel with spokes. Also they modernize it to war chariots and starts invasions. Scyths invent saddle. Sarmats invent heavy cavalry. Also very interesting is Cimmerians, nomads who live with Scyths at same time but have better metalurgy.
Except for one glaring issue Every single word associated with agriculture in Europe is of Indo-European origin. There are also many maritime words as well such as "sail". Suggesting the Indo-Europeans were seafarers.. "Scythe" "Plough" "Wheat" "Bread" "Milk" "Cattle" "Goat" "Sheep" "Swine" "Wine" "Beer" "Mead" "Wool" "Hull" "Paddle" "Sail" "Axe" Every one of these words came from and with the Indo-Europeans....Suggesting the Indo-Europeans wrere synonymous with the advent of agriculture in the fertile crescent...
Would have to completely disagree. For instance one example. In Euskara axe is Aizkora, root word Haitz which means stone. Many words derive from the word Haitz. Suggesting it's far older than indo-european migration into Europe as Euskara is a pre indo-european language.
First of all, I'm not sure there was a PIE word for "sail"; the English word "sail" is of unknown origin. Secondly, I'm not sure how any of this says anything more than that PIEans had access to agriculture ─ something which we already know. Words related to seafaring ─ even though I'm not sure specifically which ones you are referring to ─ may just mean the PIEans were aware of sea trade, but this is also consistent with the Yamnaya culture.
Words like 'hull', 'paddle' and 'sail' may indicate familiarity with river or lake going vessels, not necessarily the sea. Ditto the Latin word 'navis', meaning a ship, origin of our word 'navy' is also supposed to be of Indo-European origin, but in origin it may have been a word for a river craft.
Most interesting and well presented. Given what we know it might be reasonable to presume the Yamnaya culture was strongly patriarchal and inheritance only passed to the eldest son. Younger sons would be forced to form war bands to carve out their own homes in new territories - with the aid of the horse, the wheel, lactose tolerance, and bronze, such a culture could spread very far very rapidly in an otherwise Neolithic world of less well nourished farmers. Genetics: It's interesting to note that the remaining European hunter-gatherers seemingly marginalised by the greater numbers of farmers who migrated in to Europe from Anatolia may have been at a relative advantage compared to those farmers when the Yamnaya turned up as a result of their lifestyle - while male farmer genetic lineages were largely replaced by Yamnaya ones male hunter-gatherer lineages seem to have had something of a resurgence. It seems at the time to be female regardless of background was 'valuable' given female Yamnaya lineages are scarce in Western Europe and the relative abundances of female farmer and hunter-gather lineages did not change a great deal. Again consistent with male war bands spreading out form an original homeland in the East. Much the same picture, if muddied by later migrations, can be seen East of the caucuses where Indo-European spread as far as India.
The factor that isn't being considered properly is that the populations were very different. For example the hunter gatherer lifestyle could not support a large population, whereas Neolithic farming could support far more. The same would be true of bronze age farmers. The male biased Yamnaya immigrant DNA record would suggest not conquest, but trade - particularly in tin and copper, which were rare, and absolutely necessary raw materials for the bronze age culture in the southern civilisations.
What exactly are you getting at, if it was simply male yamnaya coming to trade, how would they have wiped out the neolithic male lineages? Your hypothesis doesn't make any sense to me, I am not trying to say that what you're saying is wrong, I'm just a bit confused and would like to hear more and understand your point if you wouldn't mind? I'm very interested in this subject and would like to get a better grasp on the diferrent ideas out there.
@@countbooga6997 If the yamna conquered and wiped out or displaced the local population, then Yamna mitocondrial DNA would also dominate because they would bring their wives and relatives with them. It is very unusual for an entire tribe to dump all their womenfolk and travel thousands of miles to exterminate all the males there and marry all their women there. If they were roaming males who moved there to trade in copper and tin, then they would have married local wives to gain mastery of the local language and culture. This is what seems to have happened with the Stonehenge archer. What most non-geneticist historians fail to understand is that the Y haplogroup and the Mitocondrial DNA is inherited exclusively through the paternal and maternal lines exclusively. Therefore given time based on the laws of probability, one will randomly tend to dominate and replace all the others. If there are marriage customs like property or status being inherited along the partiarchical line, then this encourages that Y haplogroup to ensure they have at least some sons, whereas for those who do not have that haplogroup daughters are fine, because they do not inherit anything to pass on anyway. You see the same sort of thing in North and South America. In North America, people came to settle, and they drove out and decimated Native Americans, and brought wives and brides and so Y haplogroups and Mitocondrial DNA of European immigrants both predominate. In Mexico, and South America, Spanish immigrants came over to make a quick buck, so they were mostly men, who ended up staying and marrying local Native Americal women. In south America, European Y chromosomes predominate while there is a lot of Native Amercian mitocondrial DNA. In both North and South America disease and genocide did take place in boyh places, and of course the native population was small compared to the immigrant population, but the distribution of Y haplogroup and mitocondrial DNA is quite different. If the DNA from the Stonehenge burials are anything to go by, the bronze age immigrants were very high status but small in number, and co-existed peacefully and intermarried with the locals. They were able to take over the leadership of the neolithic farmers who built Stonehenge, but respected their customs, and added their own cultural input. A similar sort of thing happened with the Celts at the start of the iron age, and the Anglo-Saxons.
@@maxkho00 The Y chromosome is one of 23 human chromosomes. The X chromosome is is its female counterpart (allosomes). The other 22 (autosomes) and the X crromosome in females is paired with its counterpart inherited from the womans father, but in men there is one X chromosome from the mother and the Y chrosome from the father. The Y chromosome is very short and does not carry any functional genes that code for making proteins, and seems to carry only one gene that is important for sperm production, and the rest seem to be switches that turn on and off other genes. It changes very fast, but its effects do not seem to cause anything very critical. The Y chromosome is only inherited through your paternal line, therefore if you go back 10 generations, you will have 1024 ancestors (assuming there is no inbreeding), but you inherited your Y chromosome from only one of those ancestors. Therefore you may be 1023/1024 (99.9%) Neolithic and 1/1024 (0.1%) Yamna, but if you look at only ay the Y chromosome, you think you are 100% Yamna. Because the Y chromosome chain is completely broken if any male does not have sons as any time in the chain of ancestry, There is a statistical tendency for different Y haplogroups to randomly drop out of the gene poll for this reason, Similarly, there is a tendency for marriage practices like patriarchical inheritance or marrying wives from outside groups to concentrate the Y haplogroup and its female counterpart mitocondrial DNA, and cause others to drop out. If you want to look at ancestry, looking at the Y haplogroup or mitocondrial DNA is extremely misleading. This are only useful to trace recent population migrations by tracking movement of individuals. An interesting fact is that Neanderthal DNA analysis showed that the DNA of modern Humans and Neanderthals diverged about 750,000 to 500,000 years ago, but the Neanderthal Y chromosome was completely replaced by modern human Y chromosome about 100,000 years ago, although Neanderthals remained Neanderthal in features and genetics with regard to their genes in general. This may be due to the species barrier eg. male human/female neanderthal hybrids may have been fertile while male neanderthal/human hybrids were not, or it may be because humans being nomadic with human males travelling long distances to trade, look for flints etc. came in contact with neanderthals, while human females who were engaged in child rearing and gathering, stayed within the human tribe and did not.
Who did the artwork for this video, particularly the artwork starting at the beginning of the video, the 3 cavemen/standing stone ? If you could lead me to a website /name of artist etc.
Mainly men migrated. Out of interest, what was the proportion of women to men in the California or Yukon gold rushes or in ranching areas in the US west? Could the 'nomadic herdsmen' have practiced transhumance, moving their animals with the season and returning to a 'farming' area for winter for shelter?
Yes! The reason why I found this channel was a coronatimes rekindling of a past passions of mine: comparative linguistics and paleogenetics, particularly those of Eurasia. So naturally I got this channel recommended after searching videos about the PIE. I love how this video represents the very recent contemporary view that the PIE were not simply invading savages as everything about them was far more complex as the galloped around entire continents for millennia at record speed. Despite that acknowledgment, I’m disappointed in this video’s emphasis on the consensus yet antiquated Steppe hypothesis and mention of it’s also admittedly antiquated rival theory by Colin Renfew in the Anatolian one. I would have enjoyed hearing at least a mention of the recently removed from the fringe Armenian hypothesis, something of a synergy of the two that places the PIE homeland directly intermediary to the other locations. IMO and educated guesswork, I believe the Armenian hypothesis best solves the questions of how PIE culture used words for metallurgy, horseback, and agriculture and was so hybridized. It would fit well with your analysis here. Plus, it’s simply fascinating to see the revolutions of the Bronze Age all the way through the Epipaleolithic all point to the back and forth interplay of cultures in and around Asia Minor.
Proto-Uralic did not exist, and nor did indo-european (in the way linguists try to prove but always fail). These linguistic-based hypotheses were created in the 18.-19. century, before archeology spread. Since then, it became treated like an axiom, despite there is still not any linguistic proof found for any of these hypothetical proto-languages in the numerous excavations of the last 150 years. These linguistic theories only consider splitting and loaning, but lack mixing by conquer or pacifically, and its obvious circumstances: language mixing, language change, pidginization, as if the split population groups would have occupy an uninhabited territory, or eradicated the previous inhabitants. But instead of corrigating the mistakes, the linguists still try to prove these false theories to justify their previous statements and save their authority. Now they try to link their imaginary proto-indoeuropean language to the yamnaya and corded ware populations, as the possible anchestor. But some of the "indo-european" people did not have yamnaya mixture, or only very few (mostly in South and West-Europe), while other "non-europeans" had many (mostly in Eastern and Central-Europe). I will point out just three examples that have different origin within IE language family: 1. "víz" (hungarian), "Wasser" (german), "water" (english), "voda" (slavic) vs. "aqua" (latin), "apa" (romanian). Hungarian is not consided IE, it is categorized finno-ugric from political reasons by only a few words which are common with finnic people. "Víz" is one of them, but it's also common with the North-European languages. 2. An other is "ház". It can also be found in IE, but also only in the North: "Haus" (german), house (english) vs. domus (latin), domý (slav). You can see that the slavs took this word from the south-european vocabulary, despite being surrounded mostly by germanic, finnic and hungarian speakers, and taking "voda" from north-european. That's because there have been large intermixing throughout the neolithic age with the neighbouring populations. 3. "Are" (english) as a verb was not used in old english. It came from french with the normans. So it's basically a southern word with latin roots. But it can be found in georgian, which is a kartvelian language, so totally an isolate in the territory of Georgia (and a bit of Turkey): "xar" [khar] (singular you are), "arian" (plural you are). The germanic word is "is" and "ist", which is identical with the hungarian referring pronoun "az", "azt" (accusative). The historic reasons: the last time before yamnaya conquer Europe was overpopulated by neolithic farmers, who gave the majority in Hungary after yamnaya income too. The yamnaya culture had these farmer anchestors only in a very small ratio, they derive around half from caucasian hunter-gatherers and half from the north-eurasian hunter-gatherers, whose descendants speak the uralic languages. The finns are the mixture of two populations: these uralic ancient north-eurasians and the ancient european hunter-gatherers. If we accept the presumed yamnaya language is PIE, than greeks, latins, albanians and vlachs are not indoeuropean, while celts and hungarians are partially or debated. Hungarian can be considered indoeuropean (satem) language by its connections with old norse just as much or even more, than it is considered uralic. But it depends on the definition: if we define indo-europanity by the root word for house, slavic languages wouldnt be a part of the group, despite they have much common substrats with indians. So it would be better to define by common root word percentage (that's where southern language groups fail), but we see the centum-satem differentiation is made by only one word (for the number 100). I think it would be a long time for the linguists to change these outdated theories, and a bit longer for the public, most of whom are too lazy to think, and unable to understand complex things.
@@TP-om8of I can see, that many people are not able to grasp complex things, but that doesn't change complexity of the reality. Those people are the most acceptant of any dumb-simple propaganda. You can deny theories referring irrelevant things, like vodka-consumption, you'd better confute theories with facts, but your simple opinion won't change the similarities of languages which are spoken by millions.
Trypillya-Cucuten culture, we cant just ignore the advance that they had compared to the yamna or even corded ware cultures. Thanks for the vid tho, very streched thesis imho but who really knows, right? ))) Lets hope we discover more over time and the overall picture gets clearer xD Cheers.
The Yamnaya also farmed, but very little, and what they did they inevitably got from the original Proto-Indo-European speakers in southern Caucasus regions. I am sure Ancient Armenians (original PIE) crossed the Caucasus and spread PIE among those very primitive Ancestords of the Yamnaya, giving them also the ability to grow crops and farm... so it all comes from ANATOLIA... The Kurgan thepry is a big Hoax
Sanskrit is.. the book 'an Arctic home for the Vedas' uses archeo-astronomy to prove that some of the texts and references to positions of stars in the sky in the Vedic texts prove that they were noted at 8000bc or perhaps even 34000bc! (If you account for a full lap of the procession of equinoxes,) it shows through the texts as well that the Vedic culture and astronomy was based near the Arctic circle by their observations of the sun rising and dipping below the horizon over a hundred day process before completely rising which is only applicable to a high enough latitude ie, people living near the Arctic circle.. taking into account the 40,000 year Malkovich cycle (which caused the Sahara to a dense jungle at one stage) and taking into account the archeological findings of the 'Siberian' tundra being grassland before 10,000bc (which accounts for the plethora of mammoth bones being found there, (mammoths like elephants must eat and extreme amount of sustenance to fuel there 'mammoth😂😂' bodies) and before the end of the last glacial maximum proceeding the younger dryas (although the proto-iranian tales of Yima and Yima (the original Noah) indicate the Iranians knew of the younger dryas event and recorded it in legend) you find that the original Vedic civilization must have dated a very long time back. Also the Sanskrit language is very similar to Slavic languages you can find videos on TH-cam showing Sanskrit scholars talking with Lithuanian people and the language is almost exactly the same
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
Would like more Maps, and Pictures that show Hut's and implements, etc... and also compare them to other Cultures and Tribes in the area's they moved into...
I remember studying languages that porto Indo-European languages were similar to Sanskrit and Lithuanian. Linguists were able to speak Sanskrit to some villagers in Lithuania.
This thesis will soon rot. Because your cultures and your words are not the same at all. You are just a language family formed by the exchange of languages.
@@MushroomsMythologyandMedicine Brother, I look and compare, there is a lot of difference in language. Any idea if this language family is a race? Geri bildirim
@@MushroomsMythologyandMedicine There is no ignorance about other races in the customs and religions of us Turks. But the Indo-European language I am talking about is not Lithuanian. I meant Indo-European is not a race.
Since the “onslaught” on the farmers seems to have occurred rather rapidly, it is fair to say that the nomads had some kind of a population explosion. It is hard to think that strictly pastoral culture can achieve that, although allegedly drinking horse milk has advantages than cow milk and keeping horses in winter is easier than cows, because of their grazing habits. Having a word for barley does not however mean it was necessarily cultivated. It could have been traded. There must and I assume there are other indicators related to verbs rather than nouns that reveal their knowledge of agriculture. Diseases and immunity may also have been a major factor. The predominance of nomadic male genes and the farmer female genes may indicate both violence against male populations of the farmers or higher social status of the nomadic males in a mixed population. But why on earth would the female peasant mother not teach her children her own mother tongue instead of the foreign lingo of the foreign male??? Sometimes I am inclined to believe that there might be something hidden in the language itself, perhaps indo-european is easier to acquire, more streamlined than the ancients ones. Languages do de-evolve and generally become simpler. In India they seem to have subdued an old culture, superimposed their gods and mythologies on the conquered peoples but probably much later, as they had somewhere along the way acquired or themselves independently created a script. However Mitani and the Hitites did not manage to transform the languages of their conquered subjects nor influence their pantheons or myths significantly, probably because of their association with centuries old and much more developed literary traditions (Semitic and Sumerian) that have till now influenced most of the western indo-europeans. Nevertheless it remains still an unsolved mystery why my mother tongue and the one I am scribbling here in or the one that is spoken in the place I live in (Germany) are all indo-european. An amazing feat and a still to a great extent a puzzle.
Its more like the Great Migration Period, we know from dating that the Earth went through some sort of cataclysm around this period, The Epic Of Gilgamesh, what probably happened is either they migrated when the event was taking place or after it. They simply bounced back from a cooling event more quickly, they replaced the Anatolian farmers in Britain by 93% of the population and the only place we see have seen that happen is the Americas when Europeans arrived from disease, we know from graves that the Yamnaya had a form of the plague that was a flu on the Steppe at this time, they also had mastered metallurgy with high status individuals being buried with copper maces, they also master riding the horse. It seems R1b was the first wave of Yamnaya into Europe with the second wave, which is R1a, dominating the Steppe now along with Eastern and Northern Europeans.
@@dreddykrugernew But of course, most migrations are either due to population explosion or climate induced but not all. Compare some Babylonians and Assyrians Despots. Many of them took whole populations captive, especially in Middle East. Cyrus was an exception! And the Mongols occasionally just looted and returned back without altering any culture. At present we can only imagine what will be the mass exodus from rapidly increasing populations of middle east and Africa, if there is a prolonged drought or something congenial.
I have of course some thoughts of my own, that may contribute to solving at least some aspects of the puzzle. I am writing it down here, because I hope to motivate some more research in this area. The Indo-Europeans had some kind of rigid marital regulation mechanisms and perhaps for some reason a disparity in the the ratio of males to females. Since it apparently was in some unknown way a highly stratified society, they must have had also some kind of regulations to avoid incest. This perhaps strict exogamic culture or the lack of sufficient females may have lead to raids for females along with cattle. The latter seems to be a wide-spread trait amongst the pastoralists through out the world. A prime example are the Masai and the Herders of the Asian grasslands. The rape of the Sabine women may be a reminder of the ancient tradition. In India for some reason they seem to have avoided intermarriage with the subjects and given up the habit of female abduction or decimation of the male population, whatever the case might have been elsewhere. That may perhaps be the reason for the most complex system of marriage of the upper classes in India. It is mind-boggling, the rituals and the astrology. Latest research seems to reveal that it was basically a complex methodology to avoid incest and yet at the same time avoid any “contamination” of the races or classes. This may partly clarify the DNA evidences but still does not say anything about the spread of the languages. One has therefore to assume patrilocality for that. The females were “imported” so to say within an existing local culture. In my opinion it could not have been matrilocal. But that is just a speculation on my part, which however I think would be worth investigating.
"But why on earth would the female peasant mother not teach her children her own mother tongue instead of the foreign lingo of the foreign male???" Just some thoughts on this... In Mesoamerica, the spaniards came in relatively small numbers and all male. In the colonies, spanish, nahuatl and the indigenous language were all spoken but due to the political and religious language being spanish over the span of a few hundred years it was mainly spanish being spoken by the mestizo population in the colonial centers.
I think the Yamnaya connection is very plausible, even likely in most areas, but it doesn't seem entirely settled yet. Also, you're talking about a movement lasting thousands of years and I doubt an organized conscious "colonization" can explain it.
A few hundred of years, not thousands. Definitely not 100% deliberate colonization but a collection of tribes belonging to one culture and ethnicity outcompete the Neolithic European Farmers and would raid and conquer them for profit and advancement on a much more local level. Probably similar to the conquest it north america or india, had it been done by dozens of small kingdoms instead of a few empires
Domestication of the horse would lead the group to dominate long-distance trading and would enable much larger military forces that could campaign over longer distances. An army that can carry supplies in a baggage train can be much larger than one that can't. So the rapid establishment of a continent-spanning trade network followed by a series of one-sided conflicts that tend to accompany such endeavors could explain the spread of PIE quite well. The bulk of this would have to have happened in a short period before the settled groups had time to acquire and learn how to use horses, with later empires and kingdoms mopping up all but one remaining culture over the next few millennia. In a climate with harsh winters like in Europe, a people displaced by war can face almost complete extermination, as was the fate of many Native American peoples. This would explain the strong genetic dominance of the latecomers.
Yes. It was not a linear expansion, as in a conquest. Expansions, contractions, success and failure, natural catastrophes, uncontrolled epidemics/pandemics, etc., etc., etc., over eons of time. My own research indicates a Yamnaya connection, genetically, if not culturally, with the earliest known R Y-DNA found near Baikal Lake in Russia (Mal'ta Boy 24K YPB).
I think in recent years it was settled with genetic studies using Yamnaya skeletons. They also discovered the existence of plague in some of the skeletal remains that were buried in goups. So the new theory involves the Yamnaya being one of the first to be hit by this plague. Gaining immunity before anyone else. And then either advancing into areas depopulated by the plague. Or being the ones carrying the plague with them where they went, reducing native populations. (If I had to guess, I'd guess a Zootonic disease from horses😅) The Indo-european language has words for wheel, chariot, bronze, etc. If they had words for such things, then they probably had those things. Making them more militarily advanced than most. Sort of like what happened in the new world. A handful of conquistadors conquering large empires using military advantages and diseases that are minor for themselves, but devastating to the enemy. Perhaps they were like like horsemen of the apocalypse. Guys with horses bring pestilence, war, etc. The 4 horsemen are based on an older part in Zachariah which has 4 Chariots with horses colored the same (instead of horsemen)🤔. Also bringing pestilence, war, famine, etc
If the Yamnaya destroyed the Anatolian Farmers then their DNA would not be present in today's Nordic people, plus the Aegean Farmers had totally enslaved and bred with the Western Hunter Gatherers they found on Gaul, Germany, Scandinavia and Britain, so the people the Yamnaya encountered were not at all just Anatolian aka Neolithic Farmers. These Nordicist accounts really Crack me up, and their obscurantism fear of Debate is equally laughable!
farmers didn't 'enslave' hunter gatherer, and in south scandinavia the pitted ware culture of hunter gatherers outcompeted the new funnelbeaker culture. The middle neolithic saw a kickback and rise in WHG dna in northern Europe, and the Nordic bronze age is widely accepted to have came from the mixing of the pitted ware with the new Indo European battle axe culture, rather than the funnelbeaker culture. Britain saw more hunter gatherers pushed further to the edge, but 80% of the Neolithic farmers population were replaced by the Bronze age invaders.
@@stonedape2406 Bronze age Invaders were all simply Armenoid Yamnaya, so it all simply goes full circle since the Yamnaya acquired Indo-European language from Armenian domination of the Steppe. According to the new findings, Indo Europeans come from South of the Caucasus in other words, Armenia. It makes perfect sense now since Yamnaya looked like blend of Indo-Europeans aka Armenians, Iranians and Anatolians with a touch of Mongolians. All dark haired and Olive or light Brown skinned. Soooooorrryyyy... Continue to cope, since Nordicism is done away with, the Kurgan fantasy has been DEBUNKED
@proto-indo-europeanisanato5033 I'm sorry but you are arguing off a false whim and trying to claim me as believing in an archaic hypothesis, even though recent genetic analysis does not support the Armenian hypothesis. Most yamnaya males have a EHG paternal haplogrup, including high amounts of clades r1b and r1a. There is also some I2 which is of WHG origin most likely. Anatolia has more indo European language influence in the west rather than the east, which is more evidence for a migration from the Balkans than the south Caucasus. The Maykop people were not the main predecessors for the yamnaya, and their high AF ancestry is not shared by Yamnaya samples. "This mixture was too rich in Anatolian Farmer genes to have contributed much to the Yamnaya gene pool, which had only 10-18% Anatolian Farmer ancestry, and most of that arguably derived from the west, from Globular Amphorae and late Tripol’ye populations... This partial description of the genetic data, if it stands, suggests that Maikop was not the source of most of the CHG that amounts to half of Yamnaya ancestry. This is because CHG was already in the steppes long before Maikop."
The same thing happened in Africa. African farmers were killed by nomads, yet some people are still trying to say that Ancient Egyptians were Eurasians. Ancient Egypt was agricultural but somehow people can't connect the dots that nomads were civilisation hijackers. R1b is the lineage of nomads, not farmers.
@Ario 1 Yes, they were agro-pastoral. However, the indigenous people were farmers. The herders overran the farmers and hijacked their lands. Agro pastoralism was born after Central Asian nomads mixed with ancient farmers.
Good afternoon, the prefix ista comes from the Greek Iso. This comes from Indo European iddo and this in turn from Proto Indo European id + Yeti. Could you tell me which verb this Yeti comes from? I know id part this. I can't find Yeti's translation anywhere on the internet.
Mentioning the very possible introduction of new deseases as means of warfare could have been helpful .In any case great Job !Palaeogenetics are game changing
Europe. The name Europe comes from the Latin Europa, which in turn derives from the Greek Εὐρώπη, from εὐρύς eurys "wide" and ὤψ ops "face" (PIE *wer-, "broad" *okw-, "eye"). In Greek mythology, Europa was the beautiful daughter of a Phoenician king named Agenor or Phoenix.
@@p9mg I have noticed that everytime Albanians read anything about Greece, Greek language, etc., their minds are blowing up! I don't know why, but I suppose they feel much hate for every refererence to Greece. Anyway, it is their problem. History is history and is one and only. So, you'd better not to pay attention and answer to them.
@Wake No. Albanians dont have hate for no one but how can Albanians how can Albanians not claim to have lived in the Balkans since antiquity and many things have been taken from them. There are villages in Greece named Spata, Plaka, Besa etc. How can they not claim when it is known that among the creative tribes of the Apennine cultures there were Illyrian tribes and today as gifts are names that have nothing to do with Latin or Greek such as Lombardy, Tuscany, Bari, etc. How can you call it propaganda when the Albanians say that they are Illyrians when the word Illyrian itself is an Albanian word which you, as a half-Albanian, understand well. As a half-Albanian, I believe you know the meaning of the Ionian Sea in Albanian and the Ionian Sea in Greek. Albanians are as ancient in the Balkans as history itself, this is also acknowledged by Greek historians who speak of a millennial coexistence between our peoples. Well, call it propaganda and mine, but think more deeply, why many things in neighboring countries have meanings in Albanian, while in some countries those kinds of words are simply used without knowing the meaning.
The oldest known R1 haplogroup was located in Siberia and dates to24,000 BC Sanskrit is.. the book 'an Arctic home for the Vedas' uses archeo-astronomy to prove that some of the texts and references to positions of stars in the sky in the Vedic texts prove that they were noted at 8000bc or perhaps even 34000bc! (If you account for a full lap of the procession of equinoxes,) it shows through the texts as well that the Vedic culture and astronomy was based near the Arctic circle by their observations of the sun rising and dipping below the horizon over a hundred day process before completely rising which is only applicable to a high enough latitude ie, people living near the Arctic circle.. taking into account the 40,000 year Malkovich cycle (which caused the Sahara to a dense jungle at one stage) and taking into account the archeological findings of the 'Siberian' tundra being grassland before 10,000bc (which accounts for the plethora of mammoth bones being found there, (mammoths like elephants must eat and extreme amount of sustenance to fuel there 'mammoth😂😂' bodies) and before the end of the last glacial maximum proceeding the younger dryas (although the proto-iranian tales of Yima and Yima (the original Noah) indicate the Iranians knew of the younger dryas event and recorded it in legend) you find that the original Vedic civilization must have dated a very long time back. Also the Sanskrit language is very similar to Slavic languages you can find videos on TH-cam showing Sanskrit scholars talking with Lithuanian people and the language is almost exactly the same
Dentro de la parte inferior del video, haga clic en la rueda pequeña para configuraciones, subtitles, auto-translate. Desplácese hacia abajo y haga clic en "español"
Migrating towards west, the Yamnaya men killed the men of Old Europe and took their women. The same old story! There is evidence in what is Spain today, almost all men were killed 4500 years ago.
In Northern Spain, in Southern Spain this wasn’t the case. Southern Spain was free of Indo-European invasions until the Romans arrived (also the Basques in Northern Spain doesnt directly descend from Indo-Europeans).
you havent mentioned anywhere in your videos about the chariot and brone sword archelogical finds in india, that sort of is from the same period as yamnaya culture and technologically even more advanced. its a comment/question?
Great video, thanks! I would like to add a small little note, it's YAmnaya, the emphasis is on the YA. Comes from a Russian word "yama", which a whole in the ground.
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
stop lying in history it's not Yama it's yamna these people came from ancient immigration from yemen_saba the sabeans went every where they have islands in Pacific with their name Saba islands listen to the word yamenya
@yitzhak shekkelsteingoldmanberg I'm not scamer there was ancient flood happened in Saba most of the nation left Saba and went to look for new home they went EVERY WHERE sabeans never stopped immigrating to europe this explains the identical letters between the Nordic letters and sabean letters
I wouldn't assume it was rape. Could be more like collaboration or war brides. Kill or enslave all the men and install yourself as the new boss of the village, the women can either choose to be one of your concubines or go without a man, with all that entails economically - it's not very nice, but I'm not sure I'd call it rape. "Desirable" doesn't necessarily mean physically attractive, it means you have more to gain from a relationship with him than from a relationship with a man of lesser socio-economic status, or no relationship at all. Women trading sexual access for status and stuff, and alpha males monopolizing status and stuff so they can trade them for sex, have been a part of human society for at least a million years.
@@brucetucker4847 What makes u think the conquered women had a choice to go without a man? Remember we are talking about a society extremely patriarchal to the core where women were just possessions and being traded like commodities. Just because u dont want to recognize the situation as it is doesnt make it reality. So u r in a situation where all the males in a community are murdered and women are war time possession s of some war heroes. Why is it hard to accept that in this kind of situations mass raping is viable? Moreover, your answer tries to give off of the idea that conquered women had the liberty to make a choice. Sorry, but in extremely patriarchal societies even thinking of such options seems ridiculous where the status of women is just to fulfill men's desire and produce offspring. And indo-europeans were notorious for being patriarchal. In contrast the culture they conquered practiced certain degrees of matriarchy( Harappans. Sumerians.minoans.etruscans.elamites.vinca.) There seems to be obsolete practice in different circles to present Disney version of Cinderella strory even though the reality is far from what they want people to believe.
@@lifa7660 You've been reading some really outdated fiction. Yes, early Indo-European societies probably were fairly patriarchal, but there's nothing in the historical record to support your puerile Bronze age rape party fantasy.
I think the idea of cart & wheel could have come from Indus Valley & yamnaya bettered it by domestication of horses gave them the edge during early bronze age.
The earliest wheel was found north of the Caucasis, in Adygeya republic as far as i remember. I have doubts in your theory, but i wouldn`t say that it is impossible
the potters used wheel for pots made on turning wheel & bulls were common motif in indus civilization & were domesticated well before horses for farming. There are indus excavation sites with chariot burial & childrens chariot toy. Question is what era were these pre bronze or bronze! The toy was made of metal copper or bronze. The hypothesis needs to be investigated without bias. In general most technology is developed in urban & city based civilization & population base of the indus saraswati basin was largest of the ancient civilizations, & traded with all peoples around the area the nomads, pastoral & other civilizations.
I1+I2=Old Europe (30.000BC) Vinca civilization predates Yammna, I2 farmers from Vinča culture is spread to Ukraine planes and there they meet R1a people. Then a new culture emerges Cucuteni Trypillian culture and that is the origin of Proto-Slavs.
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
I have read that too. The culture diffusionists, and their ideological allies were in the ascendant for a long while; and, when forced to admit migration as an explanation, were desperate to make it partial, limited, and as non-violent as possible. This slant is still very strong in Britain, as any view of popular British documentaries on the formation of England will show. If diffusion alone cannot be supported by the evidence, then peaceful exchange and a temporary elite dominance will be the second line of defense. J.P. Mallory's "In Search of the Indo Europeans" seems to have stood the test of time, and genetic archeology, much better that Renfrew's work.
Renfrew sir is one of the main usurpers who had mainstream appeal in rightfully questioning this mainstream mess of a theory, his theory might not be right but his criticisms are very accurate
But how can be haplogroup R be the hg of Indo-Europeans when the people with the highest percentage of R anywhere in the world, the Basques, speak a language isolate with no known relatives??? And also, how is it that haplogroups R1b and R1a have such contrasting distributions if both Haplogroups were carried to Europe simultaneously by the same culture ?
The wrongful attribution of linguistics=genetics is one of the main pitfalls of this mainstream mess called Kurgan steppe theory, Basques are as much Europeans as are the Nords, language isolates are found all over Eurasia, doesn't make them different peoples, also talking about the isolates there is a new notion that Vasconic language family is distantly related to the Caucasian mountain family
@@topg2820 My impression is this. In the ancient past, the region we now call the Middle East was once dotted with several different languages. It just so happens that those living in Anatolia specifically are the ones to first adopt agriculture. These people developed new tools and cultural practices around this new lifestyle and as such added new words to their language. As we all know, they eventually spread these new innovations far and wide from their homeland likely in several distinct waves. And, as the hunter-gatherers they encountered adopted these new tools and techniques, they borrowed the words for them into their languages and that's how the Indo-European language family formed. Again, there was likely at least two waves from Anatolia; first with the initial spread of stone age agriculture, and secondly with advent of metallurgy. Otherwise known as The Secondary Products Revolution.
@@ActualHistory123 not possible, agriculture was independently developed in SSVC (IVC) too, it's probably a westward migration (and subsequent isolation) that has given rise to this condition
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
We can go back further than Yamnaya/Khvalynsk Cultures 4,000-5,000 BCE to Mal'ta-Buret culture with Mal'ta Boy near Lake Baikal, Siberia. The artifacts found in this culture clearly point to a cosmological story of creation with the three sneks, "Venus" figurines (only found in Europe and far distant Lake Baikal). A pre-proto-Indo-European culture and speaking people from 5,000 BCE to c.27,000 BCE.
OK, the Yamnaya/PIE migration introduced bronze, pottery, the wheel, pastoral agriculture, the horse, viruses, and a language base to the west. In most of the pics displayed show Yamnaya dressed in some type of rags/fabric, or just raw animal skins. I'd like to think they put a little more effort into clothing design and manufacture. Did they have weaving? I might also suggest that 'marriage' between the women present in western Europe and the invading PIE men might not have been as consensual as is culturally acceptable today. Today, we would consider it rape. All invading armies leave DNA behind, even now. That explains the remnant of Neandertal DNA still present in most Europeans. Men traveling without women will attempt to mount anything including females of different species.
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
Most tombs of the kings in Thrace are tumuli(kurgans). Thracian culture was heavily linked to horse breeding..Thracian kings gave horses as dowry for their daughters. The statuettes of Hamangia were made by Anatolian migrants. Have the Producers of this clip any knowledge about the finds in Thrace, , Mesapic languages, and the Neolithic sites in Thrace???
Nicely described, but it should start from the place where is archeologically proven, the oldest inhabited city. The archeology of Lepenski Vir 12100 BC to 7800 BC proved the existence of an urban-type, urban because over 130 houses were concentrated. The houses did not have yards, but if went outside the house they cross directly to the streets. The houses were up to 9 meters wide. Perfectly geometrically oriented. Each house was solidly built and had heating. There was a fireplace in each. The houses had stone foundations, which shows that they did not move but that they were there a long time ago, and that tells us that there were no wars and conquests at that time. It would not be strange if that settlement was not at least 11000 years old. The chronologically arranged skeletons of the head were found and the continuity of Lepenac with the Cro-Magnon pre and later with Vinča and Starčevo culture. The first script was created in the Vinča, known as the vinca script. Also, the first metallurgy, the oldest evidence of metal melting, was at Plocnik around 5000 BC. The oldest urban plan 5500 BC 2000 before in Sumer was also found there. Interesantan video o geometriji kuća lepenskog vira :) th-cam.com/video/jLY2Cd1x_Gk/w-d-xo.html There are no excavated skeletons from that time because the dead were burned then, but what was found also has the group I2a2, which even today has over 40 percent of today's inhabitants of the former Yugoslavia.
@@user-ud7ei6zv7i So, names like Stefan Nemanja, Saint Sava, Miloš Obilić, Đurđe Branković and Mehmed - pasha Sokolović, Karađorđe, Filip Višnjić, Nikola Tesla, Mihajlo Pupin, Milutin Milanković, Živojin Mišić, Paja Jovanović, Jovan Dučić, Ivo Andrić and many other Sŕbъ are the sons of newcomers :))) Sorry, but the first time I hear the term "Albanian-Lepenski vir" and "Slavo-Albanians" :)) Namely, it is certainly known in historical science that in ancient times (for example, during the time of Alexander the Great) there was the country of Albania in the Caucasus, whose ruler brought gifts to Alexander when he passed through northern Iran pursuing the Persian King Darius III. However, the key medieval historical source that tells us about the arrival of Albanians in the Balkans is the Byzantine chronicler and civil servant Mihailo Ataliota, who described Byzantine history from 1034 to 1078. According to Michael Ataliota (Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, Bonn: Weber, 1853, p. 18), the Byzantine commander of Sicily, George Maniac, set out with his army in 1043 with the intention of forcibly capturing Constantinople and seizing the imperial throne. in which there were also Sicilian Albanians (previously settled in Sicily from the Caucasus by the Arabs) with women and children. After the military defeat by the legitimate imperial commander at Lake Dojran, the Sicilian Albanians asked the local Serbs to allow them to settle in the nearby mountains, which they allowed. Thus, according to this Byzantine source, Caucasian-Sicilian Albanians (in Turkish Arnauti - "those who did not return") settled in the area northeast of the city of Elbasan with the permission of the then Byzantine authorities. This "Caucasian" theory of the origin of the Balkan Albanians is also confirmed by some Albanian historians, as is the case in the book: Stefang Pollo, Arben Puto, The History of Albania, London: Routledge & Kegan, 1981, p. 37.
But Persian, Parthian, Madian, Dacian, Khivian, Paisachis, Balochs, pakhtuns, Sarmatian, Phrigian, Helenic, Druid, Vaikarte migrate this way After Ten king battle Vaarshagir battle th-cam.com/video/Xexi6JiRepk/w-d-xo.html 🤔👈
Defeated King Kavi Chayman Parthava Parthian decendent king Kavi Khusad Founder of Iranian Kavian Dynasty according to firdousis Shahnama th-cam.com/video/Q7Jxb_ihRxE/w-d-xo.html 8000BCE
This is amazing!!! Thank you for talking about our tribal past, it is definitely something to be proud of. I am scandanavian, my ancestors are Norse warriors, and I have been wondering where they came from. Its all part of the story. You got a new subscriber!
The Indo-Europeans usually cut out the natives, but in Scandinavia they survived apparently because they were pretty women, so they have a large percentage of the pre-Indo-European haplogroup I1.
@@samschlossberg476 Rather, on the contrary, they destroyed all the men, and this (rather, he was one ) representative of the" old Europe " survived, and his haplogroup is in 40% of the Scandinavians.
Why do people associate language with the "fathers?" It's the mothers who have more language ability and taught the children how to speak. Hunters don't speak much, or they'd scare away their prey, whereas females in groups, raising children associated in groups where talking would be the main activity
Aside from sexism, the truth is that there is a lot of male yamnaya genetic material in many Modern-day Europeans. So it is more likely that it was the Yamnya who forced their language on their slaves and those slaves taught the language to their children
Maybe the Yamnaya conquerors slapped the bejeezus out of their slaves/wives/concubines if they heard them trying to teach their old language to their children? I guess you've never known many hunters, they talk about their prowess and their successes even more than fishermen do. Just, not while they're actually in the process of hunting. And why the scare quotes around "fathers"? Are you one of those matriarchal idiots who think that people who successfully domesticated and selectively bred cattle, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, and who knows how many other animals had no concept of how sexual reproduction works?
@@freefall9832 I know them well enough to know that if your horse is rendered inoperable you can't just swap out the damaged component for a spare part and keep moving. There's a reason that no military on the planet stuck with horses for anything but a very few specialized roles once motor vehicles and their fuel became available in sufficient quantities to replace them.
@@brucetucker4847 military wise horses have conquered alot more than atvs throughout history, beyond that horses can handle incredible terrain and feed themselves and reproduce themselves
Kurgan is a Turkic word. Grave under ground. Search your history through etruscans scythians sumerians, the languages and civilization started with Proto Turkic people.
R1a was actually present in India 15,000 years ago, according to research papers, view by Sangam Talks. And if R1a originated in Central Asia or Europe, then that means Indo-Europeans migrated to India like 15,000 years ago.
It's interesting that the main Mtdna in old Europe was type U but after the PIE came in the main Mtdna became type H. It has been shown that type H entered central Europe from the refugia such as Iberia. It leads me to believe that the women who nigrated into Europe were not Yamnayans.
I've thought about that myself. That doesn't just occur in Europe, but in eastern regions as well. Horse nomad armies tend to travel with women and children and all their belongings. I wonder if the alternative of wiping out the native male population would produce the same result?🤔
@@tylerdurden3722 could be but replacement of the Mtdna would mean the dwindling of the female population. Both types U and H still exist but H is far more numerous. I wonder if it might be natural selection.
@@sharonsimcic4676 a factor to consider, is that the sample sizes of the ancient individuals in less recent studies are small. Usually a sample size made up of just one individual. So it might simply be a case of the sample not being a true representation of that population in that time. (In other words, perhaps its incorrect to assume all women in the population possessed the same mitochondria as the sample) Just over 10 years ago mapping the entire human genome cost 100's of million of dollars. Large sample sizes were not feasible even when using only the much cheaper mitochondrial DNA. Today, a human's entire genome can be done for a few hundred dollars. Plus, new techniques exist that allow the use of genes on all nuclear chromosomes. So there are many studies being carried out as we speak taking advantage of this. As these are completed, a clearer picture of things will emerge. There is one very recent study, where genes on all chromosomes were used from very large sample sizes, instead of just mitochondrial DNA or just one phenotype on one chromosome from one person. It compared the Corded Ware Culture to the Yamnaya Culture. Previously, using a haplogroup, the two groups were thought to be genetically seperate. But after this new study, using much greater numbers of samples and genes from all chromosomes, it was found that the two groups are actually genetically virtually identical. Another group, also genetically identical to the Yamnaya, that migrated to near Mongolia was also found this way.
@@tylerdurden3722 Yes this makes perfect sense. Part of the problem has been that too much extrapolation from the current populations to the past had occurred. Much of genetics findings now agree with archaeologists. Genetics has opened a door that is amazing.
This is in line with the facts that the survivors of the last glaciation like the BASCS (bloodgroup O Rhesus negative) remain PreIndoEuropeans (PIE) , the males AND the females. The same for the LIGURIANS that gradually repopulated Europa from -15000 to NOW. PreIndoRuropeans still live among us, e.g. in northern West Italy (Bloodgroup A Rh negative)
Awesome video and I love the history of the spread of Indo-European people and languages. It strikes me that all modern Europeans basically possess varying levels of both ancient Neolithic and Yamnaya ancestry. While for instance, the Germanic and Celtic peoples seem to have had more of the Yamnaya but still some Neolithic whereas Greeks and Italics (such as the Latins who were the direct ancestors of the Romans) were more likely largely descended from Neolithic people who assimilated into Indo-European societies, plus a good bit of Yamnaya ancestry too nonetheless. As someone of Sicilian, Tuscan Italian, Irish, and German ancestry, I’m probably a balanced mix of both lol. I also think it’s fascinating as to how it shows that European civilizations are also linked to Persia and India. Serious question: Are the Hindu gods and goddesses related to those of the Ancient Greco-Roman or Germanic pantheon?
what are you on , drugs? you do know that yamnaya have 45% or more indo-iranic ancestory right? plus hindu culture has nothing to do with europe, it is not european, plus there does not exist any thing called european civilization. we are aryas, the noble, the follower of vedic traditions.
For the longest time, many people assumed R1a was the original I.E. paternal haplogroup but, we now see R1b was actually more common among proto IE and IE males. However, it wasnt quite Yamnaya deriged males that went into Centeal and wester Europe. It was peoples on the West periphery of what later became Yamnaya. These males are downatream of R1b-L51 branch, wheras Yamnaya is from a 'brother branch'
That there was a very skewed male to female ratio of Yamnaya herders to Anatolian farmers, could suggest invasion and selective breeding by killing off the men is more likely (New Scientist, March 27, 2019.) Herders and farmers didn't get along in the "Wild West", so why should they earlier? Two different and competing ways of exploiting land would create conflict. The Battle of Tollense Valley in Northern Germany over 2000 BCE is in the right time frame and points to a massacre of epic proportions.
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race) Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%! The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery! The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization. In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old! The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years. Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe. Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research. All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe. Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis. All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations. This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics". We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community: Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA. Research Sumary: 1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas. 2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years. 3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA. 4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA. 5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors. 6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities. Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:  The research goes even further: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe. Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows: 8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000). According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago! And the research concludes as follows: "Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics." A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world! We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
Watch out my friend! This topic can be quite controversial, hopefully political actors wont screw up the nice and enlighting conversation that this channel traditionaly brings up.
Here. Let me expose to you who the real Indo-Europeans were. As in ..the people who ACTUALLY spread the Indo-European languages in the past. First, i want to point out that "Ancient DNA " is nothing but a computer modeled "reconstruction" . So there is no proof in any of it. Anyhow. So you have two primary waves of people carrying innovation from the Near East . Haplogroup i [Neolithic Indo-Europeans] [Agriculture. Megaliths. Pottery "cultures".] Then Haplogroup J2 [Bronze Age Indo-Europeans] [Greco-Roman Civilization] [Writing and Metallurgy] [Latin derived languages Romance and Celtic] [Greek derived languages Baltic and Slavic]
A typical example of the mixing of Yamnaya males with females from the Anatolian farming tribes is the Mycenaean Greeks. Genetic studies clearly show this. But Greek mythology and tradition confirms this with the infamous descents of the early Greek tribes, such as the Ionians, the Achaeans, the Aeolians and the Dorians.
Where is the written or engraved evidence of Yamnaya as the ancestor of Sanskrit and Persian language.. This sounds like a fictional history without an iota of evidence to put language development in eurocentric context..
Sanskrit is.. the book 'an Arctic home for the Vedas' uses archeo-astronomy to prove that some of the texts and references to positions of stars in the sky in the Vedic texts prove that they were noted at 8000bc or perhaps even 34000bc! (If you account for a full lap of the procession of equinoxes,) it shows through the texts as well that the Vedic culture and astronomy was based near the Arctic circle by their observations of the sun rising and dipping below the horizon over a hundred day process before completely rising which is only applicable to a high enough latitude ie, people living near the Arctic circle.. taking into account the 40,000 year Malkovich cycle (which caused the Sahara to a dense jungle at one stage) and taking into account the archeological findings of the 'Siberian' tundra being grassland before 10,000bc (which accounts for the plethora of mammoth bones being found there, (mammoths like elephants must eat and extreme amount of sustenance to fuel there 'mammoth😂😂' bodies) and before the end of the last glacial maximum proceeding the younger dryas (although the proto-iranian tales of Yima and Yima (the original Noah) indicate the Iranians knew of the younger dryas event and recorded it in legend) you find that the original Vedic civilization must have dated a very long time back. Also the Sanskrit language is very similar to Slavic languages you can find videos on TH-cam showing Sanskrit scholars talking with Lithuanian people and the language is almost exactly the same
Sanskrit is.. the book 'an Arctic home for the Vedas' uses archeo-astronomy to prove that some of the texts and references to positions of stars in the sky in the Vedic texts prove that they were noted at 8000bc or perhaps even 34000bc! (If you account for a full lap of the procession of equinoxes,) it shows through the texts as well that the Vedic culture and astronomy was based near the Arctic circle by their observations of the sun rising and dipping below the horizon over a hundred day process before completely rising which is only applicable to a high enough latitude ie, people living near the Arctic circle.. taking into account the 40,000 year Malkovich cycle (which caused the Sahara to a dense jungle at one stage) and taking into account the archeological findings of the 'Siberian' tundra being grassland before 10,000bc (which accounts for the plethora of mammoth bones being found there, (mammoths like elephants must eat and extreme amount of sustenance to fuel there 'mammoth😂😂' bodies) and before the end of the last glacial maximum proceeding the younger dryas (although the proto-iranian tales of Yima and Yima (the original Noah) indicate the Iranians knew of the younger dryas event and recorded it in legend) you find that the original Vedic civilization must have dated a very long time back. Also the Sanskrit language is very similar to Slavic languages you can find videos on TH-cam showing Sanskrit scholars talking with Lithuanian people and the language is almost exactly the same
@@Watch-r3wvalmiki Ramayan4.40.52 "त्रिशिराः काञ्चनः केतुस्तालस्तस्य महात्मनः स्थापितः पर्वतस्याग्रे विराजति सवेदिकः पूर्वस्यां दिशि निर्माणं कृतं तत् त्रिदशेश्वरैः ततः परं हेममय श्श्रीमानुदयपर्वतः" ☝️This is from ramayan 😊 Meaning the three headed golden vajra ( thunderbolt ) carved on moutain The structure was created by Indra thunder god to mark the eastern direction Which is Candelabra of Andes ( in native American myth it was created by thunder god ) And candelabra of Andes ,Andes mean Eastern direction in native language of America
@@greaterbharat4175 there are some Olmec statues from way back that show yoga poses, check the book out.. the oldest R* DNA found is from Siberia dated to 24 thousand years ago and the physical characteristics of the skeleton was of Ulguric-mongoloid admixture..
The close out narration I’d like to offer a little audio advice. The voice over was highly over driven, did not match the audio of the voiceover of the video. Care should be taken to get a consistent audio quality in the voice-over. I had the volume to a comfortable level for the continent, and then the clothes out came on and it was really “in your face”, and the sudden shift in audio quality was distracting and annoying, and will chase viewers away, rather than draw them in to your sales pitch.
Thanks. Another commenter corrected my pronunciation, but not before I'd recorded another video with the Yamnaya in it! I appreciate the education. Now I have to go back and make those adjustments before posting it...
Here in Ukraine we call this culture "Yámna" in Ukrainian language ("yámnaya" is in Russian language). So both variants are used in science (both ones are from the word 'яма' (yáma) - "pit" in Russian and Ukrainian languages). Even nowadays a great number of Yamna tombs are found in steppe zone of Ukraine every year by archaeologists.
@@DWDraffin naming an ethnia after a pit is similar to naming our present genure "toilet paper users".it is a concrete, adherent, not racist at all and undeniable noon...
@@ezzovonachalm7534 yes that's why the people themselves are called Western Steppe Herders, the MATERIAL culture, as it is the objects they left behind we know them from, is called the Yamnaya.
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Please do some video on BMAC. It is likely one of the early developed civilization traiding with Indus Valley and Near East and either destroyed or assimilated after its natural decline by proto-Indo-Iranians on their way to India and Iran respectively.
To be fair why don't you present the OIT side as well. Please interview Shrikant Talageri or Nicholas Kazanas or be Koenraad Elst who propounded the Indian homeland backed up with evidence. It be would be nice for a non-Indian channel to give a Indian view as well apart from the Hindu polical and social reasons.
@@raghavarvoltore6517 I second that! The closeness of Sanskrit to the theorised PIE and the implausibility of Vedic culture deriving from the steppes as set out by those theorists needs to be properly taken on board.
@@donjohn8688 There are experts that say that humans are from the outer space.
India is well known for its blind nationalism that rejects all reasonable explanations of the modern science.
Don't try to bring this virus here. We have a Turkish nationalist in comments already. You can argue with him. The Turks and Indians are opponents worthy of each other when it comes to question who is the father of all nations )))
@@donjohn8688 Why should he? There are pseudo-scientific claims from either side plus this channel is a history channel.
This video would be more understandable if there were more maps and fewer stock photos and film clips.
It’s sad to realize that so much history is lost forever
It is a tragedy! It is amazing to think about what we will never know.....
Basically every history book should start with empty apges, stuff that happened but we don't know !!!
Even worse than beliefs from long ago have been debunked by archeology but it won't be disclosed because of the sensitivities involved it.
Imagine watching Cortez melt Aztec artifacts.
A lot of that history, if known, would tend to show the peoples involved in a bad light. Yamnaya male genes spread - female genes did not. It is reasonable to suppose the Yamnaya probably slaughtered the men they encountered in their travels and impregnated the women. Tough if you are a non-Yamnaya man
I want to love someone as much as this guy loves saying "Yamnya".
HAHAHAHA same
This means "hole" in the ground
This is all bullshit. I'm from Pakistan and our Indus civilization is 10000 years old. Pre dates all this yamnaya garbage
@@AS-vq3wt Pakistanis are Indo-European. The mohejo-daro people pre-date the Aryans but probably NOT by 10,000 years. Pakistanis are not descendants of the Mohenjo-Daro people.
@@patrickklocek3332 The northern people have links to Europe but certainly not the people of Punjab or further south. We are the grandsons of Mohenjo Daro. Greatest civilization humanity has ever seen. Close second is our brothers in Mesopotamia. The people of Uruk. Notice that I didn't mention Greeks or any European peoples. That's because they were never great. Only a creation of western media.
It should be noted that the horse population from the Botai group did not genetically extend into current horse populations either to the West or East. So while the domestication of horses may have been passed as knowledge, the breed did not.
@Pojka This Botai paper was recently criticized. It immediately triggered my BS detector deep into the red zone, when they stated that "at least some mares were domesticated".
That's nonsensical. You domesticate a species, not an individual animal. Willful ignorance? I suppose so. I can hardly imagine someone writing a possibly break-through paper on early domestication, yet he does not understand the difference between domestication and taming. Most probably an intentionally misleading statement, aimed at sensation seeking journalists, or thereabouts.
@@bakters That does sound sketchy. Especially since mares are much easier to tame than stallions. Wild stallions can be pretty vicious.
@@vortex_1336 There's another problem with this work, which I became aware on some lecture by one of the authors. He stated, that Botai people likely got the horse already domesticated from elsewhere.
My guess is, that somebody started wondering, how come hunter gatherers with no experience with herding and such, managed to domesticate the horse before dedicated pastoralists did that. So the answer would be, that they traded or stolen the horses already domesticated, which happened in Americas.
The problem? The genetic studies show that those horses do not belong to the same lineage as our domestic horse. So, that seems rather unlikely...
The only result that still supports the original thesis, is the supposed long term reliance on milk. I remain skeptical, until someone else repeats the measurements, or some genetic studies confirm, that Botai people had lactase persistance gene.
Otherwise it looks like they were a hunter-gatherer group specialized on hunting horses. It does not exclude the possibility of taming some of the animals, just like Zebras can be tamed,. Zebras are *wild horses* , though.
@@bakters Domestication was a process. They most likely started out herding horses for food like cattle. The steppe horses were originally small like ponies. Which is why the theory is that they actually invented chariots before saddles and horse riding.
@@vortex_1336 " Domestication was a process."
Of course. The question remains, did they actually do it? Did they remove violent and hostile to humans genes from the gene pool they controlled, over many generations? I doubt exactly that.
"the theory is that they actually invented chariots before saddles and horse riding."
Chariots? Definitely not, because chariots are a specialized war equipment. Saddles aren't necessary for horseback riding.
Regarding ponies, I actually have some experience with horses that size. I was considered to be too big to ride them, but that's because I'm a modern, full sized man of 82kg (at the time). Still, the horses would carry me. It just made little sense to put a heavy man on a small horse, if bigger horses were available.
In other words, I suspect they have ridden a horse before they invented the wheel, though obviously I am not sure of it. It just makes sense to me. Building a cart is a complex process when compared to simply trying to mount a tame animal.
(The ponies I speak of live in the wild and in stables. The are a primitive breed. Very similar to wild horses.)
The practically all men thing made me think of New France in Canada where it was pretty much all men fur traders, looking for pelts to sell back home. The same would apply to Russian mostly all-male fur-traders venturing into Siberia around the same time. But yeah, also reminiscent of Vikings. Young men looking for land, due to lack of it back home beyond the oldest son to inherit. Thinking to the Yamnaya homeland being in the Steppe, fur would be very valuable. Cold winters, and even cold nights during summer. For the Yamnaya venturing into the forests of Europe to find good quality pelts might have been very lucrative even back then. Raiding any villages on the way an added plus. Setting up posts that eventually turn into cities, and having the wealth to attract local women. In that case similar to how Viking set up Dublin, Cork, etc, in Ireland. Of course once the land is also noted as farm worthy. That would be like a YAMNAYA GOLD RUSH. ALL MEN LOOKING FOR GOOD LAND!!.
@@kLOg81 good stuff!
Izvrsno promatranje. Bravo
@Chinese for supper The Vikings settled Iceland. 25 per cent of female DNA there is Scottish not Scandinavian.
I think the current idea of the mode of migration of the Yamnaya/IndoEuropean peoples into Europe is wrong. I think they came by sea, not by foot, colonizing first the coasts of Europe (at least the R1b haplogroup did), and they came for tin and slaves, since they came with the bronze age technology.
@Chinese for supper Ireland had churches and monestaries which had gold and silver. Unless you meant only trading and exclude raiding.
This is missing a big part of the picture, which is the Bell Beaker culture, which was contemporaneous with the Corded Ware and occupied Western Europe around modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, and the British Isles. Most of the present-day inhabitants of that region are descended from the Bell Beaker people, not the Corded Ware people. The Bell Beaker people are thought to have also been Indo-Europeans.
They're descended from them by proxy because they're literally the same people, which is why it's not mentioned. Bell-beakers were just a marginally different cultural complex.
@AmenRaHotepKwamemuhDyk Porchprimatesheetskinn ngr Except it wasn’t just pottery, and that’s an outdated view not supported by the DNA studies we’ve had in the last 8-10 years
@AmenRaHotepKwamemuhDyk Porchprimatesheetskinn ngr See "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe" by Olalde et al., 2018.
@@halk3 that paper clearly shows that bell beaker phenomenon spreads due to cultural interaction, originating in iberia and culturally expanded into central europe. So, beaker package doesn't represent mass migrations. Britain was the only exception where the arrival of beaker artefacts seems to be related to actual polulation movement. That paper actually supports the view beaker phenomenon was due to spread of ideas for most of the time. Earliest beaker burials from iberia didn't show steppe ancestry. It seems that british beaker people were descended from several steppe related northern european tribes who adopted the beaker pottery and brought that to britain which created the illusion that beaker was an "indo european" thing. (Arrival of steppe genes into iberia and southern france was due to later migrations)
@@freandwhickquest The title of the paper is "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe". It wasn't just Britain. It was also northwest Europe.
The Yamnaya were known for heir large herds of horses, as well as their wagons. We know the Yamnaya that migrated into Europe, covered wagons, and horse herds, (they were horse breeders). The women and children rode in the wagons, while the men, and boys rode the horses. They carried the farm hen, and plant seeds, for later cultivation. Later in European history, we witness Germanic tribes migrating the same way: Covered wagons, oxen, and horses. These migrants from Central Europe, brought with them their ox-driven heavy plow, and Three-Field-Crop-Rotation methods, (something even the Romans were ignorant of).
Well the Yamnaya only adopted farming and agriculture AFTER they interacted with the European agriculturists.
The collision of these two populations was not a friendly one, not an equal one, but one where the males from outside were displacing local males and did so almost completely,” Reich told New Scientist Live in September. This supports Kristiansen’s view of the Yamnaya and their descendants as an almost unimaginably violent people. Indeed, he is about to publish a paper in which he argues that they were responsible for the genocide of Neolithic Europe’s men. “It’s the only way to explain that no male Neolithic lines survived
Where we all came from can be investigated by the study of archaeology, linguistics, folklore,etc.,but the massive advancement of genetics has given us a Golden Age of anthropology. When it comes to insights into who we are, it's an amazing time to be alive.
Whoever the original Indo aryan folk were they spread not only into Europe but right down into India. When you dig into both the Irish and the Hindi traditions you find that the stories differ but the elements within the stories obviously came from a shared origin, sort of like a game of gossip going off in two directions, after a few thousand repetitions and interpretations you wind up with two very different tales, both cultures placed a high value on oral history and ensured that it was memorised, both cultures had a strictly defined social system, believed in reincarnation, had both a religious aristocracy and a warrior caste, each member of the society had their rights and duties, even down to what they could wear or own. The Irish Druids even had it worked out to exactly the worth of an individuals life if you either accidently or deliberately killed him. I guess we can blame the Indo Aryans for the invention of lawyers.
It would be really interesting to see a comparison of DNA from both ends of the diaspora and get an ideal of how much was physical migration and how much was cultural spread.
You mean to say Hindu (Hindi is one of our languages from Sanskrit), there is ofcourse a lot of similarity between the Celts and us, to add to what similarities you showed the other ones include, Tuatha de Danann and Goddess Dānu, Menhirs and Shiva Linga, Druids and Brāhmaṇs, Dagda and Lord Shiva, etc. Talking about the origin we have our own theory that we call OIT for this spread from the East to West, the problem with DNA analysis in India is that we are a highly diverse population unlike Europeans so the testing needs to be include many factors which current geneticists don't seem to acknowledge without which the results won't be accurate
And Lawyers come from the Tribe or Dan who's role were the Judges in Isreal. The scales you see in law symbolism is their flag with the snake.
@@perretti no relation to abrahamic religions
Yep Indians,Pakistanis,Persians,Kurds,Armenians,Turkey and entire Europe belongs to Indo European family
@@LiveAtEs Dunno about that, they did invent universal medicare and free inns for travellers, all at the high kings expense, I suppose that does offset the lawyers a bit. Civilisation seems to have gone backward since then in some ways, mostly I suspect due to lawyers. Yes I feel we really should hold lawyers against them.
So nice to receive this information and to hear a great effort on your part to speak the ancient words correctly. Well balanced presentation. Thank you!
To demonstrate the PIE speakers were farmers, and not just herders, he says PIE had a native word for wheat. Hmmm... What would that be? It's not *ĝr̥H₂-no-, "grain" (too broad). It's not *pewh₂- "mow, harvest", possibly borrowed from Semitic "wheat". *h2ed- came to mean too many things to be pinned down, though in some languages it's "emmer wheat". Hittite šeppit is borrowed for sure.
In other words, the data seem to show the opposite of his conclusion on farming: they knew (and perhaps harvested) barley, but their farming words were unstable, unlike their herding terminology. Some of these farming words were borrowed (with the novel practice), but in any case they often referred to different crops in the daughter languages. So perhaps, as others posit, they were herders only, albeit gathering and occasionally tilling specific crops (like barley, but likely NOT wheat).
Interesting hypothesis.
I think as well that considering the Yamnaya as a male population is too much of a bold assumption. I think what dna tells us is that the Yamnaya male pass on more their genes. This can mean that either the conquered males were wiped out, enslaved (thus having little to non descendants) or/and that Yamnaya male took many captive wifes. Female dna of the Yamnaya has also been found. We have to bear that in mind too.
The Cucuteni-Trypillia culture (Romanian: Cultura Cucuteni and Ukrainian: Трипільська культура), a Neolithic-Eneolithic archaeological culture (c. 5500 to 2750 BCE) of Eastern Europe was the first victim of Yamnaya expansion. Archaeological records of the Trypillia culture that was an agricultural and sedentary culture of Anatolian farmers, disappeared at the same time as Yamnaya people moved west.
Yes, Yamnaya was actually the first nomadic culture, extremely mobile, aggressive and warlike, like all nomads in the future.
@@ВацлавЭльстерман what is the proof that they were the first nomadic pastoralists? and where did the Yamnaya get their domesticate animals, the things they herded aside from horses arent native to the eurasian steppes
Cucuteni fall because climate changes, alot of them migrate
@@whoreofdragonstone1031 they was first nomadic who invent cariages, wheel with spokes. Also they modernize it to war chariots and starts invasions. Scyths invent saddle. Sarmats invent heavy cavalry. Also very interesting is Cimmerians, nomads who live with Scyths at same time but have better metalurgy.
@@whoreofdragonstone1031 Tell me, an older nomadic culture with genuine ownership of horses and wheels, the word "authentic" comes first!
Except for one glaring issue
Every single word associated with agriculture in Europe is of Indo-European origin. There are also many maritime words as well such as "sail". Suggesting the Indo-Europeans were seafarers..
"Scythe"
"Plough"
"Wheat"
"Bread"
"Milk"
"Cattle"
"Goat"
"Sheep"
"Swine"
"Wine"
"Beer"
"Mead"
"Wool"
"Hull"
"Paddle"
"Sail"
"Axe"
Every one of these words came from and with the Indo-Europeans....Suggesting the Indo-Europeans wrere synonymous with the advent of agriculture in the fertile crescent...
Would have to completely disagree. For instance one example. In Euskara axe is Aizkora, root word Haitz which means stone. Many words derive from the word Haitz. Suggesting it's far older than indo-european migration into Europe as Euskara is a pre indo-european language.
Basque: Aizkora
Latin: Ascia
@TurkishModel-c4urself you just proved his point, genius...
First of all, I'm not sure there was a PIE word for "sail"; the English word "sail" is of unknown origin. Secondly, I'm not sure how any of this says anything more than that PIEans had access to agriculture ─ something which we already know. Words related to seafaring ─ even though I'm not sure specifically which ones you are referring to ─ may just mean the PIEans were aware of sea trade, but this is also consistent with the Yamnaya culture.
Words like 'hull', 'paddle' and 'sail' may indicate familiarity with river or lake going vessels, not necessarily the sea. Ditto the Latin word 'navis', meaning a ship, origin of our word 'navy' is also supposed to be of Indo-European origin, but in origin it may have been a word for a river craft.
Most interesting and well presented.
Given what we know it might be reasonable to presume the Yamnaya culture was strongly patriarchal and inheritance only passed to the eldest son. Younger sons would be forced to form war bands to carve out their own homes in new territories - with the aid of the horse, the wheel, lactose tolerance, and bronze, such a culture could spread very far very rapidly in an otherwise Neolithic world of less well nourished farmers.
Genetics:
It's interesting to note that the remaining European hunter-gatherers seemingly marginalised by the greater numbers of farmers who migrated in to Europe from Anatolia may have been at a relative advantage compared to those farmers when the Yamnaya turned up as a result of their lifestyle - while male farmer genetic lineages were largely replaced by Yamnaya ones male hunter-gatherer lineages seem to have had something of a resurgence.
It seems at the time to be female regardless of background was 'valuable' given female Yamnaya lineages are scarce in Western Europe and the relative abundances of female farmer and hunter-gather lineages did not change a great deal. Again consistent with male war bands spreading out form an original homeland in the East.
Much the same picture, if muddied by later migrations, can be seen East of the caucuses where Indo-European spread as far as India.
The factor that isn't being considered properly is that the populations were very different. For example the hunter gatherer lifestyle could not support a large population, whereas Neolithic farming could support far more. The same would be true of bronze age farmers. The male biased Yamnaya immigrant DNA record would suggest not conquest, but trade - particularly in tin and copper, which were rare, and absolutely necessary raw materials for the bronze age culture in the southern civilisations.
Only problem with that is in many areas the eff male DNA completely disappears, which would suggest warfare.
What exactly are you getting at, if it was simply male yamnaya coming to trade, how would they have wiped out the neolithic male lineages? Your hypothesis doesn't make any sense to me, I am not trying to say that what you're saying is wrong, I'm just a bit confused and would like to hear more and understand your point if you wouldn't mind? I'm very interested in this subject and would like to get a better grasp on the diferrent ideas out there.
@@countbooga6997
If the yamna conquered and wiped out or displaced the local population, then Yamna mitocondrial DNA would also dominate because they would bring their wives and relatives with them. It is very unusual for an entire tribe to dump all their womenfolk and travel thousands of miles to exterminate all the males there and marry all their women there. If they were roaming males who moved there to trade in copper and tin, then they would have married local wives to gain mastery of the local language and culture. This is what seems to have happened with the Stonehenge archer. What most non-geneticist historians fail to understand is that the Y haplogroup and the Mitocondrial DNA is inherited exclusively through the paternal and maternal lines exclusively. Therefore given time based on the laws of probability, one will randomly tend to dominate and replace all the others. If there are marriage customs like property or status being inherited along the partiarchical line, then this encourages that Y haplogroup to ensure they have at least some sons, whereas for those who do not have that haplogroup daughters are fine, because they do not inherit anything to pass on anyway. You see the same sort of thing in North and South America. In North America, people came to settle, and they drove out and decimated Native Americans, and brought wives and brides and so Y haplogroups and Mitocondrial DNA of European immigrants both predominate. In Mexico, and South America, Spanish immigrants came over to make a quick buck, so they were mostly men, who ended up staying and marrying local Native Americal women. In south America, European Y chromosomes predominate while there is a lot of Native Amercian mitocondrial DNA. In both North and South America disease and genocide did take place in boyh places, and of course the native population was small compared to the immigrant population, but the distribution of Y haplogroup and mitocondrial DNA is quite different. If the DNA from the Stonehenge burials are anything to go by, the bronze age immigrants were very high status but small in number, and co-existed peacefully and intermarried with the locals. They were able to take over the leadership of the neolithic farmers who built Stonehenge, but respected their customs, and added their own cultural input. A similar sort of thing happened with the Celts at the start of the iron age, and the Anglo-Saxons.
I still don't understand how such a high men:women ratio implies trade. What's your explanation for why this ratio is so high?
@@maxkho00
The Y chromosome is one of 23 human chromosomes. The X chromosome is is its female counterpart (allosomes). The other 22 (autosomes) and the X crromosome in females is paired with its counterpart inherited from the womans father, but in men there is one X chromosome from the mother and the Y chrosome from the father. The Y chromosome is very short and does not carry any functional genes that code for making proteins, and seems to carry only one gene that is important for sperm production, and the rest seem to be switches that turn on and off other genes. It changes very fast, but its effects do not seem to cause anything very critical. The Y chromosome is only inherited through your paternal line, therefore if you go back 10 generations, you will have 1024 ancestors (assuming there is no inbreeding), but you inherited your Y chromosome from only one of those ancestors. Therefore you may be 1023/1024 (99.9%) Neolithic and 1/1024 (0.1%) Yamna, but if you look at only ay the Y chromosome, you think you are 100% Yamna. Because the Y chromosome chain is completely broken if any male does not have sons as any time in the chain of ancestry, There is a statistical tendency for different Y haplogroups to randomly drop out of the gene poll for this reason, Similarly, there is a tendency for marriage practices like patriarchical inheritance or marrying wives from outside groups to concentrate the Y haplogroup and its female counterpart mitocondrial DNA, and cause others to drop out. If you want to look at ancestry, looking at the Y haplogroup or mitocondrial DNA is extremely misleading. This are only useful to trace recent population migrations by tracking movement of individuals. An interesting fact is that Neanderthal DNA analysis showed that the DNA of modern Humans and Neanderthals diverged about 750,000 to 500,000 years ago, but the Neanderthal Y chromosome was completely replaced by modern human Y chromosome about 100,000 years ago, although Neanderthals remained Neanderthal in features and genetics with regard to their genes in general. This may be due to the species barrier eg. male human/female neanderthal hybrids may have been fertile while male neanderthal/human hybrids were not, or it may be because humans being nomadic with human males travelling long distances to trade, look for flints etc. came in contact with neanderthals, while human females who were engaged in child rearing and gathering, stayed within the human tribe and did not.
Who did the artwork for this video, particularly the artwork starting at the beginning of the video, the 3 cavemen/standing stone ? If you could lead me to a website /name of artist etc.
Mainly men migrated. Out of interest, what was the proportion of women to men in the California or Yukon gold rushes or in ranching areas in the US west? Could the 'nomadic herdsmen' have practiced transhumance, moving their animals with the season and returning to a 'farming' area for winter for shelter?
The dna evidence doesn't add up. They have found haplogroup R1b In hunter-gatherer remains acrost Europe. Just look up R1b.
Yes! The reason why I found this channel was a coronatimes rekindling of a past passions of mine: comparative linguistics and paleogenetics, particularly those of Eurasia. So naturally I got this channel recommended after searching videos about the PIE.
I love how this video represents the very recent contemporary view that the PIE were not simply invading savages as everything about them was far more complex as the galloped around entire continents for millennia at record speed. Despite that acknowledgment, I’m disappointed in this video’s emphasis on the consensus yet antiquated Steppe hypothesis and mention of it’s also admittedly antiquated rival theory by Colin Renfew in the Anatolian one. I would have enjoyed hearing at least a mention of the recently removed from the fringe Armenian hypothesis, something of a synergy of the two that places the PIE homeland directly intermediary to the other locations. IMO and educated guesswork, I believe the Armenian hypothesis best solves the questions of how PIE culture used words for metallurgy, horseback, and agriculture and was so hybridized. It would fit well with your analysis here. Plus, it’s simply fascinating to see the revolutions of the Bronze Age all the way through the Epipaleolithic all point to the back and forth interplay of cultures in and around Asia Minor.
Have you seen this vid? I'm sure you'll find it very interesting. :) th-cam.com/video/8hnU0pM_Xcc/w-d-xo.html
Yamnaya is not PIE
I have heard somewhere that Corded Ware Came from Kurgan around same time as Yamnaya, which led to bell beaker, etc in Europe.
Next ,Proto-Uralic
@Jasta Yildirim not only are there similar personal pronouns, there are also some sound correspondences. Very intriguing, indeed.
I speak proto-Uralic at home.
Proto-Uralic did not exist, and nor did indo-european (in the way linguists try to prove but always fail). These linguistic-based hypotheses were created in the 18.-19. century, before archeology spread. Since then, it became treated like an axiom, despite there is still not any linguistic proof found for any of these hypothetical proto-languages in the numerous excavations of the last 150 years. These linguistic theories only consider splitting and loaning, but lack mixing by conquer or pacifically, and its obvious circumstances: language mixing, language change, pidginization, as if the split population groups would have occupy an uninhabited territory, or eradicated the previous inhabitants. But instead of corrigating the mistakes, the linguists still try to prove these false theories to justify their previous statements and save their authority.
Now they try to link their imaginary proto-indoeuropean language to the yamnaya and corded ware populations, as the possible anchestor. But some of the "indo-european" people did not have yamnaya mixture, or only very few (mostly in South and West-Europe), while other "non-europeans" had many (mostly in Eastern and Central-Europe).
I will point out just three examples that have different origin within IE language family:
1. "víz" (hungarian), "Wasser" (german), "water" (english), "voda" (slavic) vs. "aqua" (latin), "apa" (romanian). Hungarian is not consided IE, it is categorized finno-ugric from political reasons by only a few words which are common with finnic people. "Víz" is one of them, but it's also common with the North-European languages.
2. An other is "ház". It can also be found in IE, but also only in the North: "Haus" (german), house (english) vs. domus (latin), domý (slav). You can see that the slavs took this word from the south-european vocabulary, despite being surrounded mostly by germanic, finnic and hungarian speakers, and taking "voda" from north-european. That's because there have been large intermixing throughout the neolithic age with the neighbouring populations.
3. "Are" (english) as a verb was not used in old english. It came from french with the normans. So it's basically a southern word with latin roots. But it can be found in georgian, which is a kartvelian language, so totally an isolate in the territory of Georgia (and a bit of Turkey): "xar" [khar] (singular you are), "arian" (plural you are). The germanic word is "is" and "ist", which is identical with the hungarian referring pronoun "az", "azt" (accusative).
The historic reasons: the last time before yamnaya conquer Europe was overpopulated by neolithic farmers, who gave the majority in Hungary after yamnaya income too. The yamnaya culture had these farmer anchestors only in a very small ratio, they derive around half from caucasian hunter-gatherers and half from the north-eurasian hunter-gatherers, whose descendants speak the uralic languages. The finns are the mixture of two populations: these uralic ancient north-eurasians and the ancient european hunter-gatherers.
If we accept the presumed yamnaya language is PIE, than greeks, latins, albanians and vlachs are not indoeuropean, while celts and hungarians are partially or debated. Hungarian can be considered indoeuropean (satem) language by its connections with old norse just as much or even more, than it is considered uralic. But it depends on the definition: if we define indo-europanity by the root word for house, slavic languages wouldnt be a part of the group, despite they have much common substrats with indians. So it would be better to define by common root word percentage (that's where southern language groups fail), but we see the centum-satem differentiation is made by only one word (for the number 100).
I think it would be a long time for the linguists to change these outdated theories, and a bit longer for the public, most of whom are too lazy to think, and unable to understand complex things.
@@Istenostor this is nothing but a wild conspiracy theory! Everyone knows that Neolithic people didn’t drink vodka. QED.
@@TP-om8of I can see, that many people are not able to grasp complex things, but that doesn't change complexity of the reality. Those people are the most acceptant of any dumb-simple propaganda. You can deny theories referring irrelevant things, like vodka-consumption, you'd better confute theories with facts, but your simple opinion won't change the similarities of languages which are spoken by millions.
Trypillya-Cucuten culture, we cant just ignore the advance that they had compared to the yamna or even corded ware cultures. Thanks for the vid tho, very streched thesis imho but who really knows, right? ))) Lets hope we discover more over time and the overall picture gets clearer xD Cheers.
The Yamnaya also farmed, but very little, and what they did they inevitably got from the original Proto-Indo-European speakers in southern Caucasus regions. I am sure Ancient Armenians (original PIE) crossed the Caucasus and spread PIE among those very primitive Ancestords of the Yamnaya, giving them also the ability to grow crops and farm... so it all comes from ANATOLIA... The Kurgan thepry is a big Hoax
Sanskrit is.. the book 'an Arctic home for the Vedas' uses archeo-astronomy to prove that some of the texts and references to positions of stars in the sky in the Vedic texts prove that they were noted at 8000bc or perhaps even 34000bc! (If you account for a full lap of the procession of equinoxes,) it shows through the texts as well that the Vedic culture and astronomy was based near the Arctic circle by their observations of the sun rising and dipping below the horizon over a hundred day process before completely rising which is only applicable to a high enough latitude ie, people living near the Arctic circle.. taking into account the 40,000 year Malkovich cycle (which caused the Sahara to a dense jungle at one stage) and taking into account the archeological findings of the 'Siberian' tundra being grassland before 10,000bc (which accounts for the plethora of mammoth bones being found there, (mammoths like elephants must eat and extreme amount of sustenance to fuel there 'mammoth😂😂' bodies) and before the end of the last glacial maximum proceeding the younger dryas (although the proto-iranian tales of Yima and Yima (the original Noah) indicate the Iranians knew of the younger dryas event and recorded it in legend) you find that the original Vedic civilization must have dated a very long time back. Also the Sanskrit language is very similar to Slavic languages you can find videos on TH-cam showing Sanskrit scholars talking with Lithuanian people and the language is almost exactly the same
great stuff. I personally cannot get enough prehistory. thank you very much for you and your's hard work
I'm hooked, too. Have you seen how much we know about Sumer? It's quite amazing
The skulls found in yamnaya burials have extremely long faces and high nose bridge which resembles modern caucus Georgian or basque facial features
Out of them came the celtic, germanic, greek, italic, slavic, balkan and baltic peoples.
... ALBANIANS ? The oldest ethnic entity of the world speakin' the URsprache ?
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race)
Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%!
The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery!
The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization.
In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old!
The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years.
Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe.
Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research.
All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe.
Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis.
All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations.
This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics".
We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community:
Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA.
Research Sumary:
1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas.
2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years.
3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA.
4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA.
5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors.
6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities.
Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:

The research goes even further:
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe.
Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows:
8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000).
According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago!
And the research concludes as follows:
"Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics."
A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world!
We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
@@ezzovonachalm7534 There have to be a hundred different peoples swearing they're the oldest ethnic identity in the world. You're all wrong.
Btw it looks like you forgot the connection between the Proto-Indo-Europeans and Southern Europe!
Would like more Maps, and Pictures that show Hut's and implements, etc... and also compare them to other Cultures and Tribes in the area's they moved into...
I remember studying languages that porto Indo-European languages were similar to Sanskrit and Lithuanian. Linguists were able to speak Sanskrit to some villagers in Lithuania.
This thesis will soon rot. Because your cultures and your words are not the same at all. You are just a language family formed by the exchange of languages.
@@tanhukim9963 no ones words are. I have no idea what you mean
@@MushroomsMythologyandMedicine Brother, I look and compare, there is a lot of difference in language.
Any idea if this language family is a race?
Geri bildirim
@@tanhukim9963 Lithuania is a race and language, a very unique dying language.
@@MushroomsMythologyandMedicine There is no ignorance about other races in the customs and religions of us Turks. But the Indo-European language I am talking about is not Lithuanian. I meant Indo-European is not a race.
Idk why but I'm soo excited, the algorithm thought this was sth I was interested in because I ✨absolutely am✨
Since the “onslaught” on the farmers seems to have occurred rather rapidly, it is fair to say that the nomads had some kind of a population explosion. It is hard to think that strictly pastoral culture can achieve that, although allegedly drinking horse milk has advantages than cow milk and keeping horses in winter is easier than cows, because of their grazing habits.
Having a word for barley does not however mean it was necessarily cultivated. It could have been traded. There must and I assume there are other indicators related to verbs rather than nouns that reveal their knowledge of agriculture.
Diseases and immunity may also have been a major factor.
The predominance of nomadic male genes and the farmer female genes may indicate both violence against male populations of the farmers or higher social status of the nomadic males in a mixed population. But why on earth would the female peasant mother not teach her children her own mother tongue instead of the foreign lingo of the foreign male??? Sometimes I am inclined to believe that there might be something hidden in the language itself, perhaps indo-european is easier to acquire, more streamlined than the ancients ones. Languages do de-evolve and generally become simpler.
In India they seem to have subdued an old culture, superimposed their gods and mythologies on the conquered peoples but probably much later, as they had somewhere along the way acquired or themselves independently created a script. However Mitani and the Hitites did not manage to transform the languages of their conquered subjects nor influence their pantheons or myths significantly, probably because of their association with centuries old and much more developed literary traditions (Semitic and Sumerian) that have till now influenced most of the western indo-europeans.
Nevertheless it remains still an unsolved mystery why my mother tongue and the one I am scribbling here in or the one that is spoken in the place I live in (Germany) are all indo-european. An amazing feat and a still to a great extent a puzzle.
Great insights here! Thanks for commenting!
Its more like the Great Migration Period, we know from dating that the Earth went through some sort of cataclysm around this period, The Epic Of Gilgamesh, what probably happened is either they migrated when the event was taking place or after it. They simply bounced back from a cooling event more quickly, they replaced the Anatolian farmers in Britain by 93% of the population and the only place we see have seen that happen is the Americas when Europeans arrived from disease, we know from graves that the Yamnaya had a form of the plague that was a flu on the Steppe at this time, they also had mastered metallurgy with high status individuals being buried with copper maces, they also master riding the horse. It seems R1b was the first wave of Yamnaya into Europe with the second wave, which is R1a, dominating the Steppe now along with Eastern and Northern Europeans.
@@dreddykrugernew But of course, most migrations are either due to population explosion or climate induced but not all. Compare some Babylonians and Assyrians Despots. Many of them took whole populations captive, especially in Middle East. Cyrus was an exception! And the Mongols occasionally just looted and returned back without altering any culture. At present we can only imagine what will be the mass exodus from rapidly increasing populations of middle east and Africa, if there is a prolonged drought or something congenial.
I have of course some thoughts of my own, that may contribute to solving at least some aspects of the puzzle. I am writing it down here, because I hope to motivate some more research in this area.
The Indo-Europeans had some kind of rigid marital regulation mechanisms and perhaps for some reason a disparity in the the ratio of males to females. Since it apparently was in some unknown way a highly stratified society, they must have had also some kind of regulations to avoid incest. This perhaps strict exogamic culture or the lack of sufficient females may have lead to raids for females along with cattle. The latter seems to be a wide-spread trait amongst the pastoralists through out the world. A prime example are the Masai and the Herders of the Asian grasslands. The rape of the Sabine women may be a reminder of the ancient tradition.
In India for some reason they seem to have avoided intermarriage with the subjects and given up the habit of female abduction or decimation of the male population, whatever the case might have been elsewhere. That may perhaps be the reason for the most complex system of marriage of the upper classes in India. It is mind-boggling, the rituals and the astrology. Latest research seems to reveal that it was basically a complex methodology to avoid incest and yet at the same time avoid any “contamination” of the races or classes.
This may partly clarify the DNA evidences but still does not say anything about the spread of the languages. One has therefore to assume patrilocality for that. The females were “imported” so to say within an existing local culture. In my opinion it could not have been matrilocal.
But that is just a speculation on my part, which however I think would be worth investigating.
"But why on earth would the female peasant mother not teach her children her own mother tongue instead of the foreign lingo of the foreign male???"
Just some thoughts on this... In Mesoamerica, the spaniards came in relatively small numbers and all male. In the colonies, spanish, nahuatl and the indigenous language were all spoken but due to the political and religious language being spanish over the span of a few hundred years it was mainly spanish being spoken by the mestizo population in the colonial centers.
I think the Yamnaya connection is very plausible, even likely in most areas, but it doesn't seem entirely settled yet. Also, you're talking about a movement lasting thousands of years and I doubt an organized conscious "colonization" can explain it.
Depends. If it was an event similar to something like the "GOLD RUSHES" that could move a lot of prospective men to far away lands very fast.
A few hundred of years, not thousands. Definitely not 100% deliberate colonization but a collection of tribes belonging to one culture and ethnicity outcompete the Neolithic European Farmers and would raid and conquer them for profit and advancement on a much more local level. Probably similar to the conquest it north america or india, had it been done by dozens of small kingdoms instead of a few empires
Domestication of the horse would lead the group to dominate long-distance trading and would enable much larger military forces that could campaign over longer distances. An army that can carry supplies in a baggage train can be much larger than one that can't. So the rapid establishment of a continent-spanning trade network followed by a series of one-sided conflicts that tend to accompany such endeavors could explain the spread of PIE quite well. The bulk of this would have to have happened in a short period before the settled groups had time to acquire and learn how to use horses, with later empires and kingdoms mopping up all but one remaining culture over the next few millennia. In a climate with harsh winters like in Europe, a people displaced by war can face almost complete extermination, as was the fate of many Native American peoples. This would explain the strong genetic dominance of the latecomers.
Yes. It was not a linear expansion, as in a conquest. Expansions, contractions, success and failure, natural catastrophes, uncontrolled epidemics/pandemics, etc., etc., etc., over eons of time. My own research indicates a Yamnaya connection, genetically, if not culturally, with the earliest known R Y-DNA found near Baikal Lake in Russia (Mal'ta Boy 24K YPB).
I think in recent years it was settled with genetic studies using Yamnaya skeletons.
They also discovered the existence of plague in some of the skeletal remains that were buried in goups.
So the new theory involves the Yamnaya being one of the first to be hit by this plague. Gaining immunity before anyone else. And then either advancing into areas depopulated by the plague. Or being the ones carrying the plague with them where they went, reducing native populations. (If I had to guess, I'd guess a Zootonic disease from horses😅)
The Indo-european language has words for wheel, chariot, bronze, etc. If they had words for such things, then they probably had those things. Making them more militarily advanced than most.
Sort of like what happened in the new world. A handful of conquistadors conquering large empires using military advantages and diseases that are minor for themselves, but devastating to the enemy.
Perhaps they were like like horsemen of the apocalypse. Guys with horses bring pestilence, war, etc.
The 4 horsemen are based on an older part in Zachariah which has 4 Chariots with horses colored the same (instead of horsemen)🤔. Also bringing pestilence, war, famine, etc
If the Yamnaya destroyed the Anatolian Farmers then their DNA would not be present in today's Nordic people, plus the Aegean Farmers had totally enslaved and bred with the Western Hunter Gatherers they found on Gaul, Germany, Scandinavia and Britain, so the people the Yamnaya encountered were not at all just Anatolian aka Neolithic Farmers. These Nordicist accounts really Crack me up, and their obscurantism fear of Debate is equally laughable!
They intergrated not invaded
farmers didn't 'enslave' hunter gatherer, and in south scandinavia the pitted ware culture of hunter gatherers outcompeted the new funnelbeaker culture.
The middle neolithic saw a kickback and rise in WHG dna in northern Europe, and the Nordic bronze age is widely accepted to have came from the mixing of the pitted ware with the new Indo European battle axe culture, rather than the funnelbeaker culture.
Britain saw more hunter gatherers pushed further to the edge, but 80% of the Neolithic farmers population were replaced by the Bronze age invaders.
@@stonedape2406 Bronze age Invaders were all simply Armenoid Yamnaya, so it all simply goes full circle since the Yamnaya acquired Indo-European language from Armenian domination of the Steppe.
According to the new findings, Indo Europeans come from South of the Caucasus in other words, Armenia. It makes perfect sense now since Yamnaya looked like blend of Indo-Europeans aka Armenians, Iranians and Anatolians with a touch of Mongolians.
All dark haired and Olive or light Brown skinned.
Soooooorrryyyy...
Continue to cope, since Nordicism is done away with, the Kurgan fantasy has been DEBUNKED
@@hollynonya6991 nope, they literally did enslave the Hunter Gatherers, go read up on it.
@proto-indo-europeanisanato5033 I'm sorry but you are arguing off a false whim and trying to claim me as believing in an archaic hypothesis, even though recent genetic analysis does not support the Armenian hypothesis.
Most yamnaya males have a EHG paternal haplogrup, including high amounts of clades r1b and r1a. There is also some I2 which is of WHG origin most likely. Anatolia has more indo European language influence in the west rather than the east, which is more evidence for a migration from the Balkans than the south Caucasus.
The Maykop people were not the main predecessors for the yamnaya, and their high AF ancestry is not shared by Yamnaya samples.
"This mixture was too rich in Anatolian Farmer genes to have contributed much to the Yamnaya gene pool, which had only 10-18% Anatolian Farmer ancestry, and most of that arguably derived from the west, from Globular Amphorae and late Tripol’ye populations... This partial description of the genetic data, if it stands, suggests that Maikop was not the source of most of the CHG that amounts to half of Yamnaya ancestry. This is because CHG was already in the steppes long before Maikop."
The same thing happened in Africa. African farmers were killed by nomads, yet some people are still trying to say that Ancient Egyptians were Eurasians. Ancient Egypt was agricultural but somehow people can't connect the dots that nomads were civilisation hijackers. R1b is the lineage of nomads, not farmers.
@Ario 1 Yes i know but the point is that they were nomads who hijacked Egypt. The original Egyptians were of E haplogroup not R1b.
@Ario 1 Yes, they were agro-pastoral. However, the indigenous people were farmers. The herders overran the farmers and hijacked their lands. Agro pastoralism was born after Central Asian nomads mixed with ancient farmers.
Is the map at 0:43 from a book or wiki page? It would be nice to study it more closely, if anyone knows the source, it's appreciated
Absolutely excellent presentation, up to date, and well researched.
Good afternoon, the prefix ista comes from the Greek Iso. This comes from Indo European iddo and this in turn from Proto Indo European id + Yeti. Could you tell me which verb this Yeti comes from? I know id part this. I can't find Yeti's translation anywhere on the internet.
Excellent work.
Mentioning the very possible introduction of new deseases as means of warfare could have been helpful .In any case great Job !Palaeogenetics are game changing
awesome video!
Europe. The name Europe comes from the Latin Europa, which in turn derives from the Greek Εὐρώπη, from εὐρύς eurys "wide" and ὤψ ops "face" (PIE *wer-, "broad" *okw-, "eye"). In Greek mythology, Europa was the beautiful daughter of a Phoenician king named Agenor or Phoenix.
Sorry wrong
@@isagjokaj795 Don't say it is wrong prove the information is wrong.
@@p9mg I have noticed that everytime Albanians read anything about Greece, Greek language, etc., their minds are blowing up! I don't know why, but I suppose they feel much hate for every refererence to Greece. Anyway, it is their problem. History is history and is one and only. So, you'd better not to pay attention and answer to them.
@@rooker56
Exactly! It is getting ridicoulous!
@Wake No. Albanians dont have hate for no one but how can Albanians how can Albanians not claim to have lived in the Balkans since antiquity and many things have been taken from them. There are villages in Greece named Spata, Plaka, Besa etc. How can they not claim when it is known that among the creative tribes of the Apennine cultures there were Illyrian tribes and today as gifts are names that have nothing to do with Latin or Greek such as Lombardy, Tuscany, Bari, etc. How can you call it propaganda when the Albanians say that they are Illyrians when the word Illyrian itself is an Albanian word which you, as a half-Albanian, understand well. As a half-Albanian, I believe you know the meaning of the Ionian Sea in Albanian and the Ionian Sea in Greek. Albanians are as ancient in the Balkans as history itself, this is also acknowledged by Greek historians who speak of a millennial coexistence between our peoples. Well, call it propaganda and mine, but think more deeply, why many things in neighboring countries have meanings in Albanian, while in some countries those kinds of words are simply used without knowing the meaning.
The title of this video is misleading. More correct will be "West Modern European Origins".
@Jasta 2 , we had not been talking of Western Europe but Western Europe ORIGIN. Are you able to comprehend the difference? :-)
@Jasta 2 well, keep learning. You still do not get it. A lot in front of you :-)
Which was the relation of Yamnaya and R1a and R1b haplotypes?
R1a and R1b are Y haplotypes of the Yamnaya.
Haplogroup R is not an East Eurasian haplogroup.
Yamnaya had no haplogroup R1a. They also were R1b-Z2103 which is absent in modern Western Europeans.
The oldest known R1 haplogroup was located in Siberia and dates to24,000 BC Sanskrit is.. the book 'an Arctic home for the Vedas' uses archeo-astronomy to prove that some of the texts and references to positions of stars in the sky in the Vedic texts prove that they were noted at 8000bc or perhaps even 34000bc! (If you account for a full lap of the procession of equinoxes,) it shows through the texts as well that the Vedic culture and astronomy was based near the Arctic circle by their observations of the sun rising and dipping below the horizon over a hundred day process before completely rising which is only applicable to a high enough latitude ie, people living near the Arctic circle.. taking into account the 40,000 year Malkovich cycle (which caused the Sahara to a dense jungle at one stage) and taking into account the archeological findings of the 'Siberian' tundra being grassland before 10,000bc (which accounts for the plethora of mammoth bones being found there, (mammoths like elephants must eat and extreme amount of sustenance to fuel there 'mammoth😂😂' bodies) and before the end of the last glacial maximum proceeding the younger dryas (although the proto-iranian tales of Yima and Yima (the original Noah) indicate the Iranians knew of the younger dryas event and recorded it in legend) you find that the original Vedic civilization must have dated a very long time back. Also the Sanskrit language is very similar to Slavic languages you can find videos on TH-cam showing Sanskrit scholars talking with Lithuanian people and the language is almost exactly the same
Lastima que no lo hagan en español o, por lo menos, subtitulado que se pueda leer 👍🕉♟🔱
Dentro de la parte inferior del video, haga clic en la rueda pequeña para configuraciones, subtitles, auto-translate. Desplácese hacia abajo y haga clic en "español"
cuando vas a aprender ingles?
Ingles é muito facil
Migrating towards west, the Yamnaya men killed the men of Old Europe and took their women. The same old story! There is evidence in what is Spain today, almost all men were killed 4500 years ago.
Exactly, The paternal ancestors of Europeans are hunter Mongoloid R and R1a. Their maternal ancestors are Anatolian farmers I2a.
@@ttuy5841 A have i2a haplogrupe from Serbia
only the bullshit history this never happened cause there no resource talk about it just made up theories
In Northern Spain, in Southern Spain this wasn’t the case. Southern Spain was free of Indo-European invasions until the Romans arrived (also the Basques in Northern Spain doesnt directly descend from Indo-Europeans).
Yep,that is me then just tested R1b L23,which is Proto Indo-European.Gretings from Romania.
Hey, I think you’re my cousin. Could I borrow some money?
@@TP-om8of Where are you from anyway?😀
you havent mentioned anywhere in your videos about the chariot and brone sword archelogical finds in india, that sort of is from the same period as yamnaya culture and technologically even more advanced. its a comment/question?
Fascinating. Great video presentation. Imagine the world as they saw and lived in. Thanks for posting.
Great video, thanks! I would like to add a small little note, it's YAmnaya, the emphasis is on the YA. Comes from a Russian word "yama", which a whole in the ground.
Yama is is God of death.
In Indian culture
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race)
Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%!
The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery!
The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization.
In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old!
The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years.
Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe.
Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research.
All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe.
Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis.
All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations.
This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics".
We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community:
Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA.
Research Sumary:
1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas.
2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years.
3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA.
4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA.
5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors.
6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities.
Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:

The research goes even further:
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe.
Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows:
8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000).
According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago!
And the research concludes as follows:
"Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics."
A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world!
We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
stop lying in history it's not Yama it's yamna these people came from ancient immigration from yemen_saba the sabeans went every where they have islands in Pacific with their name Saba islands listen to the word yamenya
@@dhananjaysiddhe8976 Yama is different than yamna
@yitzhak shekkelsteingoldmanberg
I'm not scamer there was ancient flood happened in Saba most of the nation left Saba and went to look for new home they went EVERY WHERE sabeans never stopped immigrating to europe this explains the identical letters between the Nordic letters and sabean letters
this video was awsome, thank you👍
Interesting that we assume the warriors were more desirable sexually --instead of recognizing, there was probably way too much rape.
I wouldn't assume it was rape. Could be more like collaboration or war brides. Kill or enslave all the men and install yourself as the new boss of the village, the women can either choose to be one of your concubines or go without a man, with all that entails economically - it's not very nice, but I'm not sure I'd call it rape. "Desirable" doesn't necessarily mean physically attractive, it means you have more to gain from a relationship with him than from a relationship with a man of lesser socio-economic status, or no relationship at all. Women trading sexual access for status and stuff, and alpha males monopolizing status and stuff so they can trade them for sex, have been a part of human society for at least a million years.
@@brucetucker4847 "a million years.... " Rape is older. We probably shouldn't sugarcoat it.
@@brucetucker4847 What makes u think the conquered women had a choice to go without a man? Remember we are talking about a society extremely patriarchal to the core where women were just possessions and being traded like commodities. Just because u dont want to recognize the situation as it is doesnt make it reality.
So u r in a situation where all the males in a community are murdered and women are war time possession s of some war heroes. Why is it hard to accept that in this kind of situations mass raping is viable? Moreover, your answer tries to give off of the idea that conquered women had the liberty to make a choice. Sorry, but in extremely patriarchal societies even thinking of such options seems ridiculous where the status of women is just to fulfill men's desire and produce offspring. And indo-europeans were notorious for being patriarchal. In contrast the culture they conquered practiced certain degrees of matriarchy( Harappans. Sumerians.minoans.etruscans.elamites.vinca.)
There seems to be obsolete practice in different circles to present Disney version of Cinderella strory even though the reality is far from what they want people to believe.
@@lifa7660 You've been reading some really outdated fiction. Yes, early Indo-European societies probably were fairly patriarchal, but there's nothing in the historical record to support your puerile Bronze age rape party fantasy.
@@lifa7660 product don't speak
Ninjamas...excellent! Is there a part 2?
I am glad that I found this site for I have learned much about ancient Europe without all the myth and legend but with the science and facts.
Thank you so much for your kind words of support! What you just described is what we strive for! Have a great weekend!
I think the idea of cart & wheel could have come from Indus Valley & yamnaya bettered it by domestication of horses gave them the edge during early bronze age.
The earliest wheel was found north of the Caucasis, in Adygeya republic as far as i remember. I have doubts in your theory, but i wouldn`t say that it is impossible
Ari people spread its use
the potters used wheel for pots made on turning wheel & bulls were common motif in indus civilization & were domesticated well before horses for farming. There are indus excavation sites with chariot burial & childrens chariot toy. Question is what era were these pre bronze or bronze! The toy was made of metal copper or bronze. The hypothesis needs to be investigated without bias.
In general most technology is developed in urban & city based civilization & population base of the indus saraswati basin was largest of the ancient civilizations, & traded with all peoples around the area the nomads, pastoral & other civilizations.
Look at "Bronocice pot"... depiction of 4 wheeled wagon and probably agricultural fields. ~3500 BC
@Store Patternator world was big even back then, things were spreading
I1+I2=Old Europe (30.000BC)
Vinca civilization predates Yammna,
I2 farmers from Vinča culture is spread to Ukraine planes and there they meet R1a people. Then a new culture emerges Cucuteni Trypillian culture and that is the origin of Proto-Slavs.
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race)
Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%!
The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery!
The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization.
In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old!
The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years.
Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe.
Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research.
All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe.
Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis.
All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations.
This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics".
We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community:
Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA.
Research Sumary:
1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas.
2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years.
3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA.
4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA.
5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors.
6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities.
Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:

The research goes even further:
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe.
Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows:
8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000).
According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago!
And the research concludes as follows:
"Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics."
A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world!
We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
No evidence
The oldest recorded R1 DNA is from Siberia dated to 24,000bc
Why are yamnaya called the yamnaya. There is a Hindu god of death called Yam raj. Does this name have any relation to Yam Naya name.
About 40% of the world populations speak an Indo-European language
Someday you could do a video on the spread of the Hoabinhian culture to the Malayas and Borneo.
Renfrew has subsequently repudiated his Anatolia theory
I have read that too. The culture diffusionists, and their ideological allies were in the ascendant for a long while; and, when forced to admit migration as an explanation, were desperate to make it partial, limited, and as non-violent as possible. This slant is still very strong in Britain, as any view of popular British documentaries on the formation of England will show. If diffusion alone cannot be supported by the evidence, then peaceful exchange and a temporary elite dominance will be the second line of defense. J.P. Mallory's "In Search of the Indo Europeans" seems to have stood the test of time, and genetic archeology, much better that Renfrew's work.
Renfrew sir is one of the main usurpers who had mainstream appeal in rightfully questioning this mainstream mess of a theory, his theory might not be right but his criticisms are very accurate
But how can be haplogroup R be the hg of Indo-Europeans when the people with the highest percentage of R anywhere in the world, the Basques, speak a language isolate with no known relatives???
And also, how is it that haplogroups R1b and R1a have such contrasting distributions if both Haplogroups were carried to Europe simultaneously by the same culture ?
The wrongful attribution of linguistics=genetics is one of the main pitfalls of this mainstream mess called Kurgan steppe theory, Basques are as much Europeans as are the Nords, language isolates are found all over Eurasia, doesn't make them different peoples, also talking about the isolates there is a new notion that Vasconic language family is distantly related to the Caucasian mountain family
@@topg2820 My impression is this. In the ancient past, the region we now call the Middle East was once dotted with several different languages. It just so happens that those living in Anatolia specifically are the ones to first adopt agriculture. These people developed new tools and cultural practices around this new lifestyle and as such added new words to their language. As we all know, they eventually spread these new innovations far and wide from their homeland likely in several distinct waves.
And, as the hunter-gatherers they encountered adopted these new tools and techniques, they borrowed the words for them into their languages and that's how the Indo-European language family formed. Again, there was likely at least two waves from Anatolia; first with the initial spread of stone age agriculture, and secondly with advent of metallurgy. Otherwise known as The Secondary Products Revolution.
@@ActualHistory123 not possible, agriculture was independently developed in SSVC (IVC) too, it's probably a westward migration (and subsequent isolation) that has given rise to this condition
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race)
Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%!
The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery!
The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization.
In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old!
The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years.
Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe.
Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research.
All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe.
Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis.
All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations.
This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics".
We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community:
Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA.
Research Sumary:
1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas.
2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years.
3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA.
4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA.
5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors.
6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities.
Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:

The research goes even further:
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe.
Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows:
8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000).
According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago!
And the research concludes as follows:
"Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics."
A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world!
We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
Can you provide some information about "Early Indians"??
We can go back further than Yamnaya/Khvalynsk Cultures 4,000-5,000 BCE to Mal'ta-Buret culture with Mal'ta Boy near Lake Baikal, Siberia. The artifacts found in this culture clearly point to a cosmological story of creation with the three sneks, "Venus" figurines (only found in Europe and far distant Lake Baikal). A pre-proto-Indo-European culture and speaking people from 5,000 BCE to c.27,000 BCE.
OK, the Yamnaya/PIE migration introduced bronze, pottery, the wheel, pastoral agriculture, the horse, viruses, and a language base to the west. In most of the pics displayed show Yamnaya dressed in some type of rags/fabric, or just raw animal skins. I'd like to think they put a little more effort into clothing design and manufacture. Did they have weaving?
I might also suggest that 'marriage' between the women present in western Europe and the invading PIE men might not have been as consensual as is culturally acceptable today. Today, we would consider it rape. All invading armies leave DNA behind, even now. That explains the remnant of Neandertal DNA still present in most Europeans. Men traveling without women will attempt to mount anything including females of different species.
isn't both yamnaya and the population they invaded in europe kind of the same white skinned European people??
@@rajkishorebehera7489 If the only thing you look at or thinks defines people is skin color, sure, I guess.
@@brucetucker4847 Where in my post did I mention skin color? I think you have a racist agenda.
Indo-European culture is much more important than their ethnicity.
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race)
Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%!
The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery!
The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization.
In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old!
The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years.
Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe.
Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research.
All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe.
Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis.
All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations.
This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics".
We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community:
Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA.
Research Sumary:
1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas.
2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years.
3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA.
4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA.
5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors.
6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities.
Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:

The research goes even further:
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe.
Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows:
8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000).
According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago!
And the research concludes as follows:
"Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics."
A photo a thousand words: Follow pronews.gr on Instagram to "see" the real world!
We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
Most tombs of the kings in Thrace are tumuli(kurgans). Thracian culture was heavily linked to horse breeding..Thracian kings gave horses as dowry for their daughters. The statuettes of Hamangia were made by Anatolian migrants. Have the Producers of this clip any knowledge about the finds in Thrace, , Mesapic languages, and the Neolithic sites in Thrace???
"Bulgare" ( chunk/ ball of matter) in Romanian
"Bulk" ( some quantities of material) in English
Both from proto indoeuropean "Bh'a'lg"( pile)
Nicely described, but it should start from the place where is archeologically proven, the oldest inhabited city. The archeology of Lepenski Vir 12100 BC to 7800 BC proved the existence of an urban-type, urban because over 130 houses were concentrated. The houses did not have yards, but if went outside the house they cross directly to the streets. The houses were up to 9 meters wide. Perfectly geometrically oriented. Each house was solidly built and had heating. There was a fireplace in each. The houses had stone foundations, which shows that they did not move but that they were there a long time ago, and that tells us that there were no wars and conquests at that time.
It would not be strange if that settlement was not at least 11000 years old.
The chronologically arranged skeletons of the head were found and the continuity of Lepenac with the Cro-Magnon pre and later with Vinča and Starčevo culture.
The first script was created in the Vinča, known as the vinca script. Also, the first metallurgy, the oldest evidence of metal melting, was at Plocnik around 5000 BC. The oldest urban plan 5500 BC 2000 before in Sumer was also found there.
Interesantan video o geometriji kuća lepenskog vira :)
th-cam.com/video/jLY2Cd1x_Gk/w-d-xo.html
There are no excavated skeletons from that time because the dead were burned then, but what was found also has the group I2a2, which even today has over 40 percent of today's inhabitants of the former Yugoslavia.
@@user-ud7ei6zv7i So, names like Stefan Nemanja, Saint Sava, Miloš Obilić, Đurđe Branković and Mehmed - pasha Sokolović, Karađorđe, Filip Višnjić, Nikola Tesla, Mihajlo Pupin, Milutin Milanković, Živojin Mišić, Paja Jovanović, Jovan Dučić, Ivo Andrić and many other Sŕbъ are the sons of newcomers :)))
Sorry, but the first time I hear the term "Albanian-Lepenski vir" and "Slavo-Albanians" :))
Namely, it is certainly known in historical science that in ancient times (for example, during the time of Alexander the Great) there was the country of Albania in the Caucasus, whose ruler brought gifts to Alexander when he passed through northern Iran pursuing the Persian King Darius III. However, the key medieval historical source that tells us about the arrival of Albanians in the Balkans is the Byzantine chronicler and civil servant Mihailo Ataliota, who described Byzantine history from 1034 to 1078.
According to Michael Ataliota (Corpus Scriptorium Historiae Byzantinae, Bonn: Weber, 1853, p. 18), the Byzantine commander of Sicily, George Maniac, set out with his army in 1043 with the intention of forcibly capturing Constantinople and seizing the imperial throne. in which there were also Sicilian Albanians (previously settled in Sicily from the Caucasus by the Arabs) with women and children. After the military defeat by the legitimate imperial commander at Lake Dojran, the Sicilian Albanians asked the local Serbs to allow them to settle in the nearby mountains, which they allowed. Thus, according to this Byzantine source, Caucasian-Sicilian Albanians (in Turkish Arnauti - "those who did not return") settled in the area northeast of the city of Elbasan with the permission of the then Byzantine authorities. This "Caucasian" theory of the origin of the Balkan Albanians is also confirmed by some Albanian historians, as is the case in the book: Stefang Pollo, Arben Puto, The History of Albania, London: Routledge & Kegan, 1981, p. 37.
@@user-ud7ei6zv7i pu pu pu, don't let Dajbog, Gad od Pelasgians hear you :) Please Give me one name of a famous Albanian older than the 18th century.
12:40 Farming started in the Levant and Anatolia, precisely where the Anatolian Theory says Proto-Indo-European comes from!
But Persian, Parthian, Madian, Dacian, Khivian, Paisachis, Balochs, pakhtuns, Sarmatian, Phrigian, Helenic, Druid, Vaikarte migrate this way After Ten king battle Vaarshagir battle th-cam.com/video/Xexi6JiRepk/w-d-xo.html 🤔👈
Defeated King Kavi Chayman Parthava Parthian decendent king Kavi Khusad Founder of Iranian Kavian Dynasty according to firdousis Shahnama th-cam.com/video/Q7Jxb_ihRxE/w-d-xo.html 8000BCE
Chronology Documentary film th-cam.com/video/ycmC9oj8M2Y/w-d-xo.html 🤔
Calendrical Syestem Chronology th-cam.com/video/O_TkXpjSvs4/w-d-xo.html 🤔
Genetics th-cam.com/video/INyg86PvScM/w-d-xo.html 🤔
This is amazing!!! Thank you for talking about our tribal past, it is definitely something to be proud of. I am scandanavian, my ancestors are Norse warriors, and I have been wondering where they came from. Its all part of the story. You got a new subscriber!
The Indo-Europeans usually cut out the natives, but in Scandinavia they survived apparently because they were pretty women, so they have a large percentage of the pre-Indo-European haplogroup I1.
@@ВацлавЭльстерман haplogroup i1 mixed with indo european females
@@samschlossberg476 Rather, on the contrary, they destroyed all the men, and this (rather, he was one ) representative of the" old Europe " survived, and his haplogroup is in 40% of the Scandinavians.
You vikings come from Turkland like Odin says en wrote Orhun/Orkun alphabet what you call Runik.
@@Atilla963 Viking - is a kind of activity like Bullying.
Why do people associate language with the "fathers?" It's the mothers who have more language ability and taught the children how to speak. Hunters don't speak much, or they'd scare away their prey, whereas females in groups, raising children associated in groups where talking would be the main activity
Look at all of South America for the opposite example ;)
Aside from sexism, the truth is that there is a lot of male yamnaya genetic material in many Modern-day Europeans. So it is more likely that it was the Yamnya who forced their language on their slaves and those slaves taught the language to their children
Maybe the Yamnaya conquerors slapped the bejeezus out of their slaves/wives/concubines if they heard them trying to teach their old language to their children?
I guess you've never known many hunters, they talk about their prowess and their successes even more than fishermen do. Just, not while they're actually in the process of hunting.
And why the scare quotes around "fathers"? Are you one of those matriarchal idiots who think that people who successfully domesticated and selectively bred cattle, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, and who knows how many other animals had no concept of how sexual reproduction works?
Danke dir mach weiter so ❤️
A horse is better than a car in the absence of roads
not to mention the very rudimentary network of gas stations at the time
An ATV is better than either.
@@brucetucker4847 hah you don't know horses
@@freefall9832 I know them well enough to know that if your horse is rendered inoperable you can't just swap out the damaged component for a spare part and keep moving.
There's a reason that no military on the planet stuck with horses for anything but a very few specialized roles once motor vehicles and their fuel became available in sufficient quantities to replace them.
@@brucetucker4847 military wise horses have conquered alot more than atvs throughout history, beyond that horses can handle incredible terrain and feed themselves and reproduce themselves
Hell yeah. You jump on your horse and ride until the girls think you look exotic.
I'm going to try this.
Girls today think you're hot just because you have a good car, priorities.
lmfao
so funny cause it's so true
What's the deal with graves: first it says 'pits' then 'kurgans'
Makes no sense for Yamnaya to be both at the same time or is it a class distinction?
One would think that raiders and invaders would leave shallow graves for those that were killed in battle, having no time to do much more.
Yamnaya grave its pit under big kurgan
Kurgan is a Turkic word. Grave under ground.
Search your history through etruscans scythians sumerians, the languages and civilization started with Proto Turkic people.
Namely Sumerians, Turks from Mu.
@Jasta 2 Kurgan is still a word used today by Turks.
It means grave under ground, or in a cabin like thing, a temple like grave.
Go search it.
When this Yamnaya skulls were re made, they look more like Indians.
@Rhaenys Aryan look at google images,
berezhnovka 1,
kurgan 5 grave 20 and 22
Also Kurgan 1, grave 1
If they loom eurpoean then I salute to you. 🤦♂️
No, there are skulls of 38.000 years old, and they look completely like some modern European types of Red Nórdid.
@@preuischerkaiser8733 They don’t look like Europeans for sure.
@@दीपकनागर-थ5छ bro, we should not associate with Mlechas. That will be good for us to establish Dharma.
Iranians more than Indians and Europeans They look like Aryans. IRAN=ARYAN
Didn’t they originate from Buryatia?
R1a was actually present in India 15,000 years ago, according to research papers, view by Sangam Talks. And if R1a originated in Central Asia or Europe, then that means Indo-Europeans migrated to India like 15,000 years ago.
It's interesting that the main Mtdna in old Europe was type U but after the PIE came in the main Mtdna became type H. It has been shown that type H entered central Europe from the refugia such as Iberia. It leads me to believe that the women who nigrated into Europe were not Yamnayans.
I've thought about that myself.
That doesn't just occur in Europe, but in eastern regions as well.
Horse nomad armies tend to travel with women and children and all their belongings.
I wonder if the alternative of wiping out the native male population would produce the same result?🤔
@@tylerdurden3722 could be but replacement of the Mtdna would mean the dwindling of the female population. Both types U and H still exist but H is far more numerous. I wonder if it might be natural selection.
@@sharonsimcic4676 a factor to consider, is that the sample sizes of the ancient individuals in less recent studies are small. Usually a sample size made up of just one individual.
So it might simply be a case of the sample not being a true representation of that population in that time. (In other words, perhaps its incorrect to assume all women in the population possessed the same mitochondria as the sample)
Just over 10 years ago mapping the entire human genome cost 100's of million of dollars. Large sample sizes were not feasible even when using only the much cheaper mitochondrial DNA.
Today, a human's entire genome can be done for a few hundred dollars. Plus, new techniques exist that allow the use of genes on all nuclear chromosomes.
So there are many studies being carried out as we speak taking advantage of this. As these are completed, a clearer picture of things will emerge.
There is one very recent study, where genes on all chromosomes were used from very large sample sizes, instead of just mitochondrial DNA or just one phenotype on one chromosome from one person.
It compared the Corded Ware Culture to the Yamnaya Culture.
Previously, using a haplogroup, the two groups were thought to be genetically seperate.
But after this new study, using much greater numbers of samples and genes from all chromosomes, it was found that the two groups are actually genetically virtually identical. Another group, also genetically identical to the Yamnaya, that migrated to near Mongolia was also found this way.
@@tylerdurden3722 Yes this makes perfect sense. Part of the problem has been that too much extrapolation from the current populations to the past had occurred. Much of genetics findings now agree with archaeologists. Genetics has opened a door that is amazing.
This is in line with the facts that the survivors of the last glaciation like the BASCS (bloodgroup O Rhesus negative) remain PreIndoEuropeans (PIE) , the males AND the females. The same for the LIGURIANS that gradually repopulated Europa from -15000 to NOW. PreIndoRuropeans still live among us, e.g. in northern West Italy (Bloodgroup A Rh negative)
I find it odd that Proto-Indo-European had no word for the sea but yet they had the massive Caspian Sea and the Black Sea right on their doorstep.
Don't you mean "door steppe"?
*Wink*
Awesome video and I love the history of the spread of Indo-European people and languages. It strikes me that all modern Europeans basically possess varying levels of both ancient Neolithic and Yamnaya ancestry. While for instance, the Germanic and Celtic peoples seem to have had more of the Yamnaya but still some Neolithic whereas Greeks and Italics (such as the Latins who were the direct ancestors of the Romans) were more likely largely descended from Neolithic people who assimilated into Indo-European societies, plus a good bit of Yamnaya ancestry too nonetheless. As someone of Sicilian, Tuscan Italian, Irish, and German ancestry, I’m probably a balanced mix of both lol.
I also think it’s fascinating as to how it shows that European civilizations are also linked to Persia and India. Serious question: Are the Hindu gods and goddesses related to those of the Ancient Greco-Roman or Germanic pantheon?
Indo european means indian and europe ?
@@a.b7797 you are right
Indo European
Indo aryan
Indo iranian
Indo china
what are you on , drugs? you do know that yamnaya have 45% or more indo-iranic ancestory right? plus hindu culture has nothing to do with europe, it is not european, plus there does not exist any thing called european civilization. we are aryas, the noble, the follower of vedic traditions.
Indian gods are correlated to European ones. Dyeus Pitar in India becomes Zeus and Jupitar in Greece and Rome. All Sky Father's.
For the longest time, many people assumed R1a was the original I.E. paternal haplogroup but, we now see R1b was actually more common among proto IE and IE males.
However, it wasnt quite Yamnaya deriged males that went into Centeal and wester Europe. It was peoples on the West periphery of what later became Yamnaya. These males are downatream of R1b-L51 branch, wheras Yamnaya is from a 'brother branch'
8:41 SCYTHIANS (Yamnaya culture - 3300 BC) ORIGIN: THRACIANS 10:24
At first I thought this was just some theory but it seems like there is enough evidence to say this European migration thing did happen
Good to see not all of my brethren are IT cell retards
bless your heart
Genetic evidences do support the theory.
@@alexandrewozikowski8954 I would say you havent studied all the possibilities.
@@ashwinipethe4222 you have?
That there was a very skewed male to female ratio of Yamnaya herders to Anatolian farmers, could suggest invasion and selective breeding by killing off the men is more likely (New Scientist, March 27, 2019.) Herders and farmers didn't get along in the "Wild West", so why should they earlier? Two different and competing ways of exploiting land would create conflict. The Battle of Tollense Valley in Northern Germany over 2000 BCE is in the right time frame and points to a massacre of epic proportions.
Read a little bit about that the other day. Would give an arm and a leg to see how all that went down.
There are a similar site in denmark near skanderborg
Its 1300 bc, so no it isnt . Nein ist es nicht
On Sunday, November 6, 2005, an article was published in the newspaper "Apogevmatini tis Kyriakis" entitled "The DNA of the Greeks is clean" and with the subtitle "Research of Stanford Universities in the USA and Pavia in Italy" answers directly to Falmerager. The newspaper writes: "Impressive! The DNA of the Greeks (genetic composition) of the Greeks shows that 99.5% of them are pure Caucasians! (white race)
Which means that the contribution to the genetic composition of Greeks, other population groups than white, is a minimum percentage, less than 0.5%!
The DNA of the Greeks, as shown by a recent international scientific research, has not been influenced by Slavs, -as some claim- even by the Turks, despite 400 years of slavery!
The date of spread of the genetic group J12a1h-M319 in Crete , occurred around 3100 BC. and this date is extremely important. Because it marks the border in the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age in Crete. A period during which we have great socio-political changes from which the Minoan civilization sprang. It shows that the Cretans are descended directly from their ancestors of the Minoan civilization.
In fact, we present to you a research of the University of Crete in 2012 for the Sfakion Bath which based on findings has human and -therefore based on genetic code very Greek- FINDINGS 120,000 years old!
The allegations that Crete was colonized by Egypt and Libya were completely refuted because the mononucleotide polymorphism (index V13), which is typical in Crete and Mainland Greece, was not found in the slightest. That is, the results showed that there has been no genetic contact between Africa and Crete and mainland Greece for the last 5,000 years.
Research has shown that modern Greeks are descended from the Greeks of the Neolithic era and the oldest Neolithic settlements have been found in Greece. It also appeared that the DNA of the Greeks is very characteristic and is the oldest in Europe.
Scientists pay special attention to the fact that after a long series of research no Mongolian origin was discovered in the DNA of the Greeks, because the Turks occupied Greece for 400 years and everyone expected that there would be some connection in the DNA of the two peoples. And yet the Greek DNA has not been affected in the slightest. On the contrary, the Arabs, who had occupied Spain, put their signature on the Spanish DNA and this can be seen from the research.
All the research that was done from Macedonia to Crete fully documents the genetic continuity and cohesion of the Greek population from antiquity (and from the Neolithic era) until today. Research in Europe has shown something particularly important that not only were the Greeks not genetically influenced by other peoples but instead transmitted their DNA to the rest of Europe.
Essentially this is the modern scientific answer to Falmerager's theories. Another theory that claimed that the ancient Greeks were black… Well, they were never black! There are many who supported and wrote about "Black Athena" (about the Goddess Athena) and many other theories without any scientific basis.
All these… anti-Greek - one might say - positions were demolished , not only by one research, but by seven different major scientific researches, of European and American researchers. Konstantinos Triantaphyllides, Professor of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), and his research team participate in international research networks whose ultimate goal is to trace the biological history of European populations.
This research, which concerns the genetic composition of Greeks - and other peoples - was coordinated by Stanford University in the USA, Mr. Triantaphyllides' research team and the University of Pavia in Italy. Another 5 research laboratories from different countries (from Baghdad to Moscow) also participated. The results of this research were published in the American journal "Human Genetics".
We present to you the study of the Universities of Pavia and Stanford which was published as such in the World Scientific Community:
Stanford University of USA-Pavia university of Italy research of greek DNA.
Research Sumary:
1) The DNA of the Greeks is 99.5% WHITE. The research concluded that at a rate of over 99.5, the Greek DNA from the modern samples is the same as the DNA of the inhabitants of the areas based on the oldest samples taken from the same areas.
2) Contrary to the beliefs of many in Turkey and some Slavic nations of the former Yugoslavia, Greek DNA has not been affected, nor altered, by the mixture of Slavic or Turkish DNA, even if the Ottomans ruled much of Greece. for 400 years.
3) From a strong sample of 925 modern Greek DNA, only 0.4% showed non-white DNA.
4) To a large extent, the Greeks of ancient times "transferred" their DNA to other parts of Europe through their conquests. The study showed that, today, Greek DNA is more similar to: a) Italian DNA, b) French DNA, c) Spanish DNA, d) Turkish DNA.
5) In continuation of the above, The DNA of the Italians in modern southern Italy is the closest match to the DNA of their Greek neighbors.
6) Not only is the Greek genetic heritage clearly traceable today, but it is traceable not only among the Greeks, but also to all their neighboring populations of partial Greek origin, with clear genetic similarities.
Based on samples from all over Europe that were accurately dated, the following Genetic Material Antiquity Map was created:

The research goes even further:
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA found that test specimens were divided into 21 groups (haplotypes) and evaluated separately for each time period, in the Middle East and Europe.
Based on mathematical calculations, it is estimated that the DNA of Greek origin is as follows:
8% in recent years (about 3,000 years from today), 20% in the Neolithic period (9,000 to 3000), 44% in the last Upper Paleolithic period (14500-9000), 14.5% on average above Paleolithic era (26,000 to 14,500 years) and 11% in the early Upper Paleolithic era (45,500 -26,000).
According to the above, we have very clear examples of the existence of civilized life in Greece even 50,000 years ago!
And the research concludes as follows:
"Greek DNA has not changed in the last 3,000 years. "Greeks are Greeks themselves according to the modern science of genetics."
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We will go one step further and ask ourselves: But why no one refers to the -unknown to the general public- Greek populations outside Greece, such as the Greeks of Italy, the pobladores Griegos of Spain, the Hamedians of Syria, the Roman orthodox Lebanese, Pashtuns and Kalas in Asia, Araucanians in Chile, Ainu in Japan and others, who proudly assert their Greek origin? Why was no one assimilated to them? How can they be sure where they come from?
So there were no mothers then. Figures.
Watch out my friend! This topic can be quite controversial, hopefully political actors wont screw up the nice and enlighting conversation that this channel traditionaly brings up.
Here.
Let me expose to you who the real Indo-Europeans were. As in ..the people who ACTUALLY spread the Indo-European languages in the past.
First, i want to point out that "Ancient DNA " is nothing but a computer modeled "reconstruction" . So there is no proof in any of it.
Anyhow. So you have two primary waves of people carrying innovation from the Near East .
Haplogroup i
[Neolithic Indo-Europeans]
[Agriculture. Megaliths. Pottery "cultures".]
Then
Haplogroup J2
[Bronze Age Indo-Europeans]
[Greco-Roman Civilization] [Writing and Metallurgy] [Latin derived languages Romance and Celtic] [Greek derived languages Baltic and Slavic]
A typical example of the mixing of Yamnaya males with females from the Anatolian farming tribes is the Mycenaean Greeks. Genetic studies clearly show this. But Greek mythology and tradition confirms this with the infamous descents of the early Greek tribes, such as the Ionians, the Achaeans, the Aeolians and the Dorians.
Even Herodotus mentions Ionians mixed with Carians of Anatolia.
@@billba Yes in Anatolia, but not in Asian Minor.
but dont we have low yamnaya dna? Southern europeans in general? I'd like to know more about the link between yamnaya and Greeks
Where is the written or engraved evidence of Yamnaya as the ancestor of Sanskrit and Persian language..
This sounds like a fictional history without an iota of evidence to put language development in eurocentric context..
Sanskrit is.. the book 'an Arctic home for the Vedas' uses archeo-astronomy to prove that some of the texts and references to positions of stars in the sky in the Vedic texts prove that they were noted at 8000bc or perhaps even 34000bc! (If you account for a full lap of the procession of equinoxes,) it shows through the texts as well that the Vedic culture and astronomy was based near the Arctic circle by their observations of the sun rising and dipping below the horizon over a hundred day process before completely rising which is only applicable to a high enough latitude ie, people living near the Arctic circle.. taking into account the 40,000 year Malkovich cycle (which caused the Sahara to a dense jungle at one stage) and taking into account the archeological findings of the 'Siberian' tundra being grassland before 10,000bc (which accounts for the plethora of mammoth bones being found there, (mammoths like elephants must eat and extreme amount of sustenance to fuel there 'mammoth😂😂' bodies) and before the end of the last glacial maximum proceeding the younger dryas (although the proto-iranian tales of Yima and Yima (the original Noah) indicate the Iranians knew of the younger dryas event and recorded it in legend) you find that the original Vedic civilization must have dated a very long time back. Also the Sanskrit language is very similar to Slavic languages you can find videos on TH-cam showing Sanskrit scholars talking with Lithuanian people and the language is almost exactly the same
Sanskrit is.. the book 'an Arctic home for the Vedas' uses archeo-astronomy to prove that some of the texts and references to positions of stars in the sky in the Vedic texts prove that they were noted at 8000bc or perhaps even 34000bc! (If you account for a full lap of the procession of equinoxes,) it shows through the texts as well that the Vedic culture and astronomy was based near the Arctic circle by their observations of the sun rising and dipping below the horizon over a hundred day process before completely rising which is only applicable to a high enough latitude ie, people living near the Arctic circle.. taking into account the 40,000 year Malkovich cycle (which caused the Sahara to a dense jungle at one stage) and taking into account the archeological findings of the 'Siberian' tundra being grassland before 10,000bc (which accounts for the plethora of mammoth bones being found there, (mammoths like elephants must eat and extreme amount of sustenance to fuel there 'mammoth😂😂' bodies) and before the end of the last glacial maximum proceeding the younger dryas (although the proto-iranian tales of Yima and Yima (the original Noah) indicate the Iranians knew of the younger dryas event and recorded it in legend) you find that the original Vedic civilization must have dated a very long time back. Also the Sanskrit language is very similar to Slavic languages you can find videos on TH-cam showing Sanskrit scholars talking with Lithuanian people and the language is almost exactly the same
@@Watch-r3wvalmiki Ramayan4.40.52
"त्रिशिराः काञ्चनः केतुस्तालस्तस्य महात्मनः स्थापितः पर्वतस्याग्रे विराजति सवेदिकः
पूर्वस्यां दिशि निर्माणं कृतं तत् त्रिदशेश्वरैः ततः परं हेममय श्श्रीमानुदयपर्वतः"
☝️This is from ramayan 😊
Meaning the three headed golden vajra ( thunderbolt ) carved on moutain
The structure was created by Indra thunder god to mark the eastern direction
Which is Candelabra of Andes ( in native American myth it was created by thunder god )
And candelabra of Andes ,Andes mean Eastern direction in native language of America
@@Watch-r3wso Sankrit scriptures which recorded america and does not mean indo European culture origin from Americas
@@greaterbharat4175 there are some Olmec statues from way back that show yoga poses, check the book out.. the oldest R* DNA found is from Siberia dated to 24 thousand years ago and the physical characteristics of the skeleton was of Ulguric-mongoloid admixture..
The close out narration I’d like to offer a little audio advice. The voice over was highly over driven, did not match the audio of the voiceover of the video. Care should be taken to get a consistent audio quality in the voice-over. I had the volume to a comfortable level for the continent, and then the clothes out came on and it was really “in your face”, and the sudden shift in audio quality was distracting and annoying, and will chase viewers away, rather than draw them in to your sales pitch.
This is great! Greets from Albania.
Botai has nothing to do with Yamnaya and Botai horses are not ancestors of modern horses.
Great presentation!
In the term "Yamnaya", the stress is on the first syllable.
Thanks. Another commenter corrected my pronunciation, but not before I'd recorded another video with the Yamnaya in it! I appreciate the education. Now I have to go back and make those adjustments before posting it...
Here in Ukraine we call this culture "Yámna" in Ukrainian language ("yámnaya" is in Russian language). So both variants are used in science (both ones are from the word 'яма' (yáma) - "pit" in Russian and Ukrainian languages). Even nowadays a great number of Yamna tombs are found in steppe zone of Ukraine every year by archaeologists.
@@DWDraffin naming an ethnia after a pit is similar to naming our present genure "toilet paper users".it is a concrete, adherent, not racist at all and undeniable noon...
@@ezzovonachalm7534 yes that's why the people themselves are called Western Steppe Herders, the MATERIAL culture, as it is the objects they left behind we know them from, is called the Yamnaya.
According to DNA studies, Yamnayas had dark hair and light brown skin.
White nationalists dont wanna accept this fact
The first globalists! What a crock
I think more recent evidence point to the Stredny-Stog culture(yamnaya predecessors or cousins) as the origin instead of yamnaya themselves.
Any recommended links/articles illustrating this?