Wow, this is amazing! Even myself, who doesn't speak english as a nativ language, imagined exactly what she described! I'ts like a magic trick! So cool! Language is so interesting.
Ikr, I guess even non-native english people got used to the image of snobby upper-class French aristocracy, that words which sound like French immediately evoke the same image. And French does sound more "sophisticated", even to people who don't understand it. Try compare it to the harsh German, or fast-paced Spanish.
So many people here are making disparaging remarks about this clever video. I find it to be very educational and thought-provoking. She can't possibly cover this complex topic thoroughly in 5 minutes, but she gives us the highlights in a creative, insightful way.
This segregation of english language, described in this video, is also still noticelbe in how whe call our food, especially meat today. While the lower class farmer only had to do with the animal itself and hardly could afford to eat meat, they just named the animals (for example "cow"). In contrary, the rich aristocrats only ate the meat, and never worked with the real animal, so because of french influences, they had their own names for the animals/it's meat ( cow ----> beef [from french "boef" means cow]). That's why in english, there still are different names today for animals and it's meats. Oh man, I just love history
RetroRaver A lot of people ask about swear words in gaelic and whilst there are some new inventions and some topics not suited to the dinner table the same idea of a swear word doesn't exist. If you look at the swear words in English they are often Saxon or Norse for non-dinner table suitable terms. We even tell people to mind their language when they start speaking earthy Saxon!
Verminskyi Boeuf is french for beef, vache is french for cow, that's how I understood it. After looking it up, it seems that we are both correct, Boeuf does indeed also translate as cattle.
When those Anglish lads saw those Danish lassies, I'm not surprised that they quickly learnt the meaning of the words skin, legs, want, root, freckle. They all can be used in one sentence.
Note to self-'Language is expression of History'.As a student of History i appreciate this from bottom of my heart.Afterall History pulsates and gets enliven through the language which we are speaking.Language is much more than semantics,grammar,syntax- it's a living legacy in the end it was so illuminating& enlightening.
I'm not even American or British... I'm a Chinese-descent Filipino and that's EXACTLY how I imagined the mental pictures when the narrator asked us to imagine "A Hearty Welcome" - a friendly house visit to an American friend's house, where he and his family have open arms to me and mine. "A Cordial Reception" - striding towards the host of a black tie event where the host smiles and shakes my hand and people have wine glasses. amazing! just to show that these language impressions/connotations transcend even cultural borders...
English is awesome because it is adaptive. We're like the borg, assimilating everything we come in contact with. Our grammar may be broken, our rules constantly ignored, and our language may seem confusing to others, but I like it. A fluent speaker can understand very complex ideas and say the same thing in a dozen ways. And when we don't have a word for something, there are easy ways to create one that make the new word seem intuitive.
Very nice, But I have a small quibble. "They gave us a hearty welcome. They gave us a cordial reception." Here, "reception" and "welcome" are (more or less) synonymous nouns in English. But the adjectives "hearty" and "cordial" do not mean the same thing, and in some sense, they might be opposites. That's why they evoke different images. Instead of "cordial," I'd choose a different latinate word like "enthusiastic" or "effusive."
Kenny Wood Cordial comes from the word "Cor", which means Heart in Latin. They may not mean the same thing now, but they are supposed to mean the same thing originally. In portuguese, when you want to say you know something "By Heart" you say you know it "De Cor" even though we say "Coração" for Heart.
Kenny Wood I disagree but then Cordial to me is similar to croiúil in the Gaelic which has that same heart root (croí from latin Cor) I would certainly consider cordial and hearty to be cognates.
Awesome, I am not a native english speaker, my mother language is spanish, that is closely related with latin and arab, but it didn't matter, i pictured the very same images for the two sentences, it feels lime, as you learn a language, you, subconsciously, also learn its history, its memory, I am amazed.
isaac grandas, Arabic is unrelated to English and Spanish is descended from Latin. Of course, alcohol is from Arabic, so I guess I see why you said Arabic and English are related: words.
arabic is a semitic language, so saying its related to Spanish and English, which are distant Indo-European cousins is either idiotic or pure ignorance
@@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014Konstantinopoli it may be from a language branch viewpoint. But after speaking both languages you will be surprised at how they are so similar.
@@jackyzhu9761 he never said that Arabic is related to English. He said his mother tongue is Spanish which is related to Latin and Arabic (they share many common words). Try working on your comprehension first.
"The memory persists, in the feelings evoked by the words you speak". That's a trip. And considering words alter biological changes. We're really just a shadow of the past. A continuation projected by it. We're all sea foam and part of that ocean. Wow
So amazing!!!! I'm not a native speaker but a professor of English. I had exactly these images (and drinks) in my mind associated with the phrases!!! Thank you) a cordial gratitude)))
I read and heard this history recently from other sources and found it very difficult to get a clear picture, apart from facing difficulty in retaining the details. However, I would applaud the makers of this video who covered many importance details in just a few minutes in a way that was easy to understand and, hopefully, retain!
This is especially interesting when you compare how English speakers view languages like German and French. English speakers tend to view German as a very rough and brute language, while French is viewed as a very refined and posh one. Do you think that this contrast is related to the general Anglo-Saxon (Germanic) and French divide?
Not many people know this but it was the Anglian dialects of Old English (Mercian and Northumbrian) are what evolved into the English today. The Lord's Prayer presented in this video is of the Late West Saxon dialect.
I really feel like they need to make some movie that take place 1000 years ago and they make the language they speak pure and true to the age. That would be amazing.
I am just wondering how Small places like England has more language dialect? Was it North-South division (based on Jared Diamond's theory that East to west is much more easier to spread).
Older lands always have more linguistic diversity. Time leads to more change, and older lands have more time to change-Also these old countries were around before widespread reading and book printing allowed for standardization of the written and spoken languages. Now with the press, mass media, the internet, and television-Rather than more differences in speech, we are seeing the dissolution of some dialects
Lol, "hearty welcome" scene in my mind was with wine and caviar. Cause these things are common(except caviar, it is not cheap, but it is for really *hearty* welcome) in my country, Moldova, with its slavic-dacian-latin mixed culture.
Same way at Turkish. After Romans, Oghuz tribes came to Anatolia. But there were Greeks before. Just like Saxons and Celts. Oghuz-Kipchak language become common like Anglo-Saxon language. And then, Mongols invade here with Persian Culture. So, Persian words are noble words in nowaday Turkish.
A person who keeps their desire to a minimum and reaches maximum rationality is a sage. A sage always thinks about how they can benefit and help others.
This video is absolutely wonderful! Beautifully explained, with an acceptable grasp on the historical facts. The English language one of the most powerful languages in all the world, and in all of history, surpassing classical Latin & Greek!
The Romans protected the Celts from the Saxons? Not really. The Celts were pretty isolated and didn't have to worry about invasions until the Romans crossed the Channel. The Saxons didn't become powerful until centuries after the Romans left. I'm being a bit nitpicky, though. I guess this video is supposed to simplify a lot. (ouLearn's video is better)
+Benjamin Rome Clarke why did't Romans build a single stadium in Britannia? i ask cause all Greek stadiums around Europe Africa and Asia minor are called Greek Roman, and you gave the impression of knowing history.. let's see if you can think to!
Maton Dia I think by stadium you mean amphitheatre, which is what the Romans built and is what the Colosseum is. There were actually amphitheatres in Roman Britain, and traces of them exist today. They're just not very famous because, unlike the Colosseum or Hadrian's Wall, they've all either crumbled away or been built over in the interim 1500 years. Rest assured, though, there were at least small amphitheatres at some point. Britain was thoroughly Romanised by the 3rd Century AD, and at least its urban population in cities like Camulodunum (Colchester) tried to emulate Roman culture in every way.
Maton Dia Here's a great map showing the locations of the amphitheatres Rome built around its empire. As you can see, Roman culture penetrated deep into Britain. Even the Welsh spoke Latin in this period! upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Amphi-Rome.PNG
this map is nothing! is you have a historic map show me that! the funny thing is according this map Greeks did not build any amphitheaters even though it's a Gr. invention! Pergamus theater by your map is Roman! but..wiki said.. "The Hellenistic Theater with a seating capacity of 10,000. This had the steepest seating of any known theater in the ancient world" And one more "Roman amphitheater" of yours from wiki.. "The Greek theatre of Syracuse lies on the south slopes of the Temenite hill, overlooking the modern city of Syracuse in southeastern Sicily. It was first built in the 5th century BC, rebuilt in the 3rd century BC and renovated again in the Roman period." So "your" map is as good as....
Maton Dia No, the Greeks did not build amphitheatres. They built theatres, and it's important not to conflate the two terms, as they had different meanings back then. "Amphitheatre" means "double theatre". It was a Roman invention, a theatre encircling the stage on all sides and built from the ground up, whereas the older-style Greek theatres were semicircular and built on the side of hills. Huge difference between Roman amphitheatres and Greek theatres, hence my correction when you called them "stadiums", which is a confusing term especially since it means something very different in classical Latin. There are also Roman theatres, like the Marcellan Theatre in Rome, which were semicircular like Greek ones but built not into the side of hills but from the ground up as amphitheatres were.
An entertaining and insightful wee piece with regard to the origins and impact of language... HOWEVER, the history presented is massively simplified (which I could just about forgive considering the length and target audience of the presentation), and in some places - such as the linguistic divide presented between Anglo-Saxon and Danish - almost completely wrong. Also, Latin was already present in the British Isles and Ireland LONG before the Normans arrived with their Catholic clergy. I'm sure there was another group present in Britain for some time before them who might have spoken Latin... Perhaps the Romans?
Laersico Fair point considering the video's about the evolution of English. In my annoyance I might have confused the issue because I study Celtic history, language and culture, and the Latin from the Roman period had a greater impact on them. Having said that, the Anglo-Saxons were Christian by the arrival of the Normans and the Latin of the Roman period did survive, in large part, within the sphere of the Church. Personally I would consider the linguistic contribution of the Normans to English as Norman French (although I do realise much of that language was based on Latin).
I pictured neither of the 2 scenarios presented involving the 2 sentences we were given to imagine in the beginning of the lesson. Did this occur to anybody else?
@Caesar Santizo I remember reading about the invasion of Britain by the Anglo-Saxon (Germanic) tribes. In most other invasions, the populations ultimately mix, as indeed happened in the British Isles late, with the Viking and Germanic groups eventually merging. With the Anglo Saxon invasion, though, the Germanic groups seem to have not integrated with, but replaced the Celts. The thing I read seemed to say that no-one is sure what happened to the Celts, but they were probably either shoved out of the way into places like Wales and Cornwall, or they were largely wiped out. Either way, their culture and language disappeared. I would guess that the answer to your question is related to that. Any Latin picked up by the Celts when they were occupied by the Romans was 'lost' when the Germanic tribes supplanted the existing population. As the Germanic groups were never conquered by Rome, all traces of Latin might have been lost in England. However, that theory would only work if the existing populations in Spain, France, etc. weren't wiped out or pushed away in the same manner. It also means there might be some traces of Latin in Welsh or Cornish, as that is where most of the Romano-British and Celts would have gone too (if they weren't all killed). It's also worth noting that England was relatively out of the way. Cultural exchanges to or from the country weren't that common, I don't think, and even Christianization came late to the British Isles. The adoption of Christianity in the Roman Empire in 380 happened just three years before all Roman soldiers were removed from Northern England for the final time, and only 30 years before the total end of Roman occupation of Britain. I can't swear that's why, but that's my guess, based on what I know.
The whole noble/peasant divide in the English language can especially be seen in words for meat and animals; the words for animals often come from Old English, for example, Old English cu, sceap, or hogg would develop into the animal names cow, sheep, and hog, since the English-speaking peasants primarily interacted with the living animals. On the other hand, the French-speaking nobles interacted more with the meat, so Old French boef, moton, and porc were introduced into English, where they would become the words beef, mutton, and pork. It's actually a bit of a shame this didn't get brought up, since it illustrates the division much more clearly than "Hearty welcome" and "Cordial reception."
A group of Chinese dialects (like Wu, which is represented by Shanghainese; Yue, represented by Cantonese and Hoishan; Min, represented by Hokkien, Teochew and Fuzhounese) also followed the similar developing pattern in the ancient time. They used to absorb Mandarins in different periods of time and preserve their original languages (actually in the very beginning they are different tribes, in which people speak totally different languages compared with Mandarin at that time) as basis.
Gardoqui is a Basque surname. In my opinion should be written in Euskera, that is, Gardoki. Anyway, zorionak, great video. Short but very illustrative. Really helpful to understand language evolution. Milesker.
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500 years later English speakers: American English was weird.
I believe it's comedienne Kristen Schall. I recognized her because it just so happened that I saw her on Star Talk with Neil deGrasse Tyson yesterday, and I recommend everyone check that show out.
Or the french words are bigger, less well known, spoken less in regular speech and more specific in what they mean. So when you hear "Hi, I'm john and these are my mates" you think, 'okay this guys normal' whereas if you hear someone say "Hello, my title is John and this is my entourage" you think, 'this person is high class' because they are saying words not commonly spoken.
Nutty151 Yes, Scots, Welsh and Irish are all Celts. Although you probably also know this, you wouldn't consider the Celts a tribe. They were more of a loose cultural group that were probably only put in the same category because they were different from Germans.
Jovahkiin Right. I do remember reading that the Romans had a harder time conquering the land that would become Scotland than they did England and Wales.
This was a really great and informative video, I'm just not convinced about the Saxon and French words having connotations reflecting their origin. The semantics of the words themselves are what conjure up the different images in our heads. 'Hearty' means 'from the heart', and 'to welcome' is a much more positive verb than 'to recieve'. The words in the phrase 'affectionate salutation' are of French origin, and they evoke positive feelings. It's the chose of words that change the mood/feel of what you say, not the etymologies of the words.
how deeply I enjoy your videos, worthy of school programs, you should get educational grants from UNESCO. I have been waiting for my kids to be of age to start show them every single one of them and the time has come... Greetings
Good summary, though too bad she skipped over the tasty nugget of information that is hearty and cordial both share the same root separated by millennia. Latin cor>cordi- means heart
I was also thinking about Britain and Australia. I read an article about how American English accent is what British English sounded like during the Revolutionary war...but I highly doubt it.
The English language is akin to the "Borg". It automatically seeks to assimilate or eradicate. It is funny to watch the developing world cram English words in to their syntax.
Yeah, as ***** said, there are many, _many_ words going over into german, at least in switzerland. "Game" translated in german would actually be "Spiel", a video game on the other hand is called "game" in german as well. Same goes with "Internet", "Stand-by", "Website", "Homepage", "shoppen" (for shopping), somtimes "Sreen", "Display", "Drums", the phrase "Last but not least", "business", and I'm just beginning...
My teachers always told us that 60 to 70 %bof our vocabulary derives from French and Latin. I never knew that English was a Germanic language until a German told me when I was 23 years old. Now I've been reading about the Brittonic substratum of English and everything makes sense. A Brittonic structure on which Anglo, Saxon, Jute words are used. Norman French later. 'English is more French than you imagined'...After the first 2,500 words Anglo-Saxon loses its dominance.
VC YT lmao sure the correct "revisionist" term. We all know who basically owns all the land in the UK, same people who own most of africa, australia, and the rest of the old empire.
Why don't they teach us this in English class? This is way more interesting and relevant than learning the difference between who and whom for the 6th time.
The Romans protected the Celts from Germanic tribes? That's not true at all. In fact one of the reasons why those Germanic tribes settled the British Isles was that they were contracted as mercenaries by Roman aristocrats after most of Roman legions left the isles as the empire was slowly collapsing.
+JasonJacksonJames It's true. Wings and horns were only added to Viking helmets in operas. The original Vikings never had such ornaments on their helmets.
It seems to me that it has more to do with how we usually see the words in queston used. "Cordial" and "Reception" are usually used with regards to formal invitations to events, and as such tend to carry a connotation of formality. On the other hand, "a hearty welcome" is never used in such situations. So in some sense, the history behind these words does affect how we visualise the scenes, but only indirectly, due to ways of using certain words that have persisted through the ages.
"Did away with the celts" ddywedoch chi? Fideo diddorol, ond yn anghywir fan 'na. Mewn geiriau Dafydd Iwan, "Dyn ni yma o hyd". (Remember, google translate is your friend)
Google Translate is... spotty a lot of the time. Bit of a fair-weather friend, to be honest! But the whole video is monstrously over-simplified so I get the mild upset about that line. It's interesting to note how much 'old blood' is still hanging around in England, even the south east, and there are parts of Somerset and Dorset that are culturally English (Romanized, Saxonized, Normanized and then mixed with the rest of the isles) but still have a majority Celtic genepool. Not only are the Celts still here, but apparently they were barely pushed out at all.
MrMortull I hear England tries desperately to overcome this part of their past because, despite modern anthropological and sociological ideas, Celtic culture is still seen as this backwater, uncivilized thing. Which is unfortunate if that is true, because Celtic culture and its languages is absolutely beautiful.
The French have even less respect for the Breton language than the UK government does for the Celtic languages here. And they treat all as equal (égalité), but equal fellow French (fraternité). Not Breton (or Corse or Occitanian or Alsacian or Basque or Catalan or whatever), which they would rather just went away.
...Wait, really? It was my understanding that Breton was recognised decades ago and bilingualism was not only accounted for, but also encouraged. I need to check where I got that impression, because I seriously don't want to be wrong about this sort of thing.
That's really interesting. I come from a long line of Irish heritage, although not much connects me to it anymore so it's nice to hear people talking about Celtic languages. I've always wanted to learn Gaelic, but the pronunciation seems pretty difficult, and I'm not sure who I'd be able to talk to in Australia haha.
Something else the speaker forgot is to mention how Winston Church used plain English (as opposed to hoity-toity English) to write a rousing speech (the "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat" speech), and how this would have been less rousing and instead rather ineffective if he had used the colder/snobbier French/Latin words, such as "I posses nix to render except for haemoglobin, travail, lachrymae and perspiration."
"Our history lives in the words we speak and hear." well-said!
In deed it is
@@neoarmstrongcyclonejetarms9326 what language it is
@@neoarmstrongcyclonejetarms9326 can yu tell
@@truptigangurde5106 The Georgian language
@@neoarmstrongcyclonejetarms9326 ohh
This narrator's voice is so pleasant and soothing.
+Joey Low as this is a yankee vid thats a big achievement.
+Joey Low I have to agree, it's better than listening to a stuffy, nasally Brit lol
I know she sounds very nice 😊
It sounds like she's using a binaural microphone. Very ASMR.
She had a nice voice, but her mic wasn't very good.
English isn't even my first language and I had the exact same image in my head. wow
Same here. Mindfuck
Indeed this is effin amazing. Not a native English speaker too but holy f*ck
I know, me too
Same
Wow, this is amazing! Even myself, who doesn't speak english as a nativ language, imagined exactly what she described! I'ts like a magic trick! So cool! Language is so interesting.
Ikr, I guess even non-native english people got used to the image of snobby upper-class French aristocracy, that words which sound like French immediately evoke the same image. And French does sound more "sophisticated", even to people who don't understand it. Try compare it to the harsh German, or fast-paced Spanish.
So many people here are making disparaging remarks about this clever video. I find it to be very educational and thought-provoking. She can't possibly cover this complex topic thoroughly in 5 minutes, but she gives us the highlights in a creative, insightful way.
I don't believe that "large parts are factually incorrect", as you say.
The graphics have nothing to do with it, so don't be condescending. Which parts are "factually incorrect"? Do tell.
which parts are factually incorrect
Please do tell which parts are factually incorrect?
That is what I'd like to know. I don't think there are any. It's a great little video.
The last phrase was just amazing, so meaningful, so accurate.
This segregation of english language, described in this video, is also still noticelbe in how whe call our food, especially meat today. While the lower class farmer only had to do with the animal itself and hardly could afford to eat meat, they just named the animals (for example "cow"). In contrary, the rich aristocrats only ate the meat, and never worked with the real animal, so because of french influences, they had their own names for the animals/it's meat ( cow ----> beef [from french "boef" means cow]).
That's why in english, there still are different names today for animals and it's meats.
Oh man, I just love history
RetroRaver A lot of people ask about swear words in gaelic and whilst there are some new inventions and some topics not suited to the dinner table the same idea of a swear word doesn't exist. If you look at the swear words in English they are often Saxon or Norse for non-dinner table suitable terms. We even tell people to mind their language when they start speaking earthy Saxon!
+RetroRaver French for cow is "vache".
+Danii Iba *Modern French for cow is vache. Old French it's boef.
Verminskyi Boeuf is french for beef, vache is french for cow, that's how I understood it. After looking it up, it seems that we are both correct, Boeuf does indeed also translate as cattle.
+Danii Iba languages changen, without tweogan, languages change!
The letter style had also a lot to do with the way we picture both sentences.
Haha very, very true.
I always love language history. Just seeing how other languages influence one another. It's so fascinating to me
our history lives within the words we speak
Oh yeah, when Americans Dropped the U so hard in 1776.... That England went "WHY I NEVA..." And boom the Accents you hear today.
When those Anglish lads saw those Danish lassies, I'm not surprised that they quickly learnt the meaning of the words skin, legs, want, root, freckle. They all can be used in one sentence.
Clever response!
Derfor vi [ve] haver man{g}e af de samme '_ord_' nu [noo] 😎
Pretty sure I picked up a girl or two in my day saying exactly that 😆
Note to self-'Language is expression of History'.As a student of History i appreciate this from bottom of my heart.Afterall History pulsates and gets enliven through the language which we are speaking.Language is much more than semantics,grammar,syntax- it's a living legacy
in the end it was so illuminating& enlightening.
Language is so deep-seated in society, it's really fascinating to learn more about it
I'm not even American or British... I'm a Chinese-descent Filipino and that's EXACTLY how I imagined the mental pictures when the narrator asked us to imagine
"A Hearty Welcome" - a friendly house visit to an American friend's house, where he and his family have open arms to me and mine.
"A Cordial Reception" - striding towards the host of a black tie event where the host smiles and shakes my hand and people have wine glasses.
amazing! just to show that these language impressions/connotations transcend even cultural borders...
English is awesome because it is adaptive. We're like the borg, assimilating everything we come in contact with.
Our grammar may be broken, our rules constantly ignored, and our language may seem confusing to others, but I like it. A fluent speaker can understand very complex ideas and say the same thing in a dozen ways. And when we don't have a word for something, there are easy ways to create one that make the new word seem intuitive.
I wished that there was an intro to the Great Vowel Shift, as that was significant in the evolution of the English language.
🧢
@@CalebWilliamsisthegoat un 🧢
"Our history lives in the words that we speak and hear." perfect 👌
This is cool! Love the hearty welcome and cordial reception part!
Very nice, But I have a small quibble.
"They gave us a hearty welcome.
They gave us a cordial reception."
Here, "reception" and "welcome" are (more or less) synonymous nouns in English.
But the adjectives "hearty" and "cordial" do not mean the same thing, and in some sense, they might be opposites. That's why they evoke different images. Instead of "cordial," I'd choose a different latinate word like "enthusiastic" or "effusive."
Kenny Wood Cordial comes from the word "Cor", which means Heart in Latin. They may not mean the same thing now, but they are supposed to mean the same thing originally.
In portuguese, when you want to say you know something "By Heart" you say you know it "De Cor" even though we say "Coração" for Heart.
Kenny Wood I disagree but then Cordial to me is similar to croiúil in the Gaelic which has that same heart root (croí from latin Cor) I would certainly consider cordial and hearty to be cognates.
Kenny Wood "Enthusiastic" derives from ancient Greek ἐνθουσιασμὸς (divine inspiration) [ἐν (in) + θεὸς (god) = possessed by god], not from Latin :)
Verminskyi cordial is a french word, we say cordial in French and it has the exact same meaning as it has in English.
Awesome, I am not a native english speaker, my mother language is spanish, that is closely related with latin and arab, but it didn't matter, i pictured the very same images for the two sentences, it feels lime, as you learn a language, you, subconsciously, also learn its history, its memory, I am amazed.
isaac grandas, Arabic is unrelated to English and Spanish is descended from Latin. Of course, alcohol is from Arabic, so I guess I see why you said Arabic and English are related: words.
arabic is a semitic language, so saying its related to Spanish and English, which are distant Indo-European cousins is either idiotic or pure ignorance
@@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014Konstantinopoli it may be from a language branch viewpoint. But after speaking both languages you will be surprised at how they are so similar.
@@jackyzhu9761 he never said that Arabic is related to English. He said his mother tongue is Spanish which is related to Latin and Arabic (they share many common words).
Try working on your comprehension first.
Become a Christian
"The memory persists, in the feelings evoked by the words you speak".
That's a trip.
And considering words alter biological changes. We're really just a shadow of the past. A continuation projected by it. We're all sea foam and part of that ocean. Wow
+Ivan Mora Ha Ha, What?!
hahahaha i don't know man I can't remember writing this
ha, too funny man!
+Ivan Mora I want whatever you're smoking
Well done. I learnt a lot.
That last line "Our history lives in the words we speak" is indeed true.
Thank you.
Watching TedEd for an hour gives more knowledge then three years in school.
So amazing!!!! I'm not a native speaker but a professor of English. I had exactly these images (and drinks) in my mind associated with the phrases!!! Thank you) a cordial gratitude)))
For the hearty welcome I imagined small villagers in a hut greeting me while for the cordial reception I imagined powdered wigs and baroque music
I read and heard this history recently from other sources and found it very difficult to get a clear picture, apart from facing difficulty in retaining the details. However, I would applaud the makers of this video who covered many importance details in just a few minutes in a way that was easy to understand and, hopefully, retain!
This is especially interesting when you compare how English speakers view languages like German and French. English speakers tend to view German as a very rough and brute language, while French is viewed as a very refined and posh one. Do you think that this contrast is related to the general Anglo-Saxon (Germanic) and French divide?
It is great how language evolves over the centuries.
I hope they wil do something like this for other languages, too.
Whaaat?!! You mean to tell me that Anglo-Saxons didn't buy the English version of Rosetta Stone from Amazon??! I was way off. CC!
i get it from amazon prime luckily.. it's awesome
She was talking like she was doing ASMR was this Ted trying to give us tingles?
hadaà
Not many people know this but it was the Anglian dialects of Old English (Mercian and Northumbrian) are what evolved into the English today. The Lord's Prayer presented in this video is of the Late West Saxon dialect.
You missed out East Anglia from the Angle Kingdoms :(
#FuckMercia
Norse infused Anglian or Anglo-Norse, would be correct to refer to this speech.
I must say this is the perfect video for someone who did not already know these facts. BRAVA.
I like this! Cause if someone tells me to speak properly I can explain to them that there is no such thing!
I really feel like they need to make some movie that take place 1000 years ago and they make the language they speak pure and true to the age. That would be amazing.
Beautiful, informative thoughtful piece. Great speaking voice. Thanks.
Bro for that "hearty welcome" scene it's literally EXACTLY what I pictured that's crazy
"Did away way with the Celts" *looks at the Scottish, Irish, and Welsh*
Yeah That's a pretty massive mistake (actually more of a gargantuan fuck up) , I'm surprised more haven't picked up on it.
Seriously.
Theivv You are right, but she meant did away with the Celts in England. That's mostly true.
Wait, she meant?
There are many other blunders.
English may be my first language but learning German and Italian has shown me that we all are connected somehow someway
I am just wondering how Small places like England has more language dialect? Was it North-South division (based on Jared Diamond's theory that East to west is much more easier to spread).
Older lands always have more linguistic diversity. Time leads to more change, and older lands have more time to change-Also these old countries were around before widespread reading and book printing allowed for standardization of the written and spoken languages.
Now with the press, mass media, the internet, and television-Rather than more differences in speech, we are seeing the dissolution of some dialects
Lol, "hearty welcome" scene in my mind was with wine and caviar. Cause these things are common(except caviar, it is not cheap, but it is for really *hearty* welcome) in my country, Moldova, with its slavic-dacian-latin mixed culture.
CHUJ CHUJEK XDD
Same way at Turkish. After Romans, Oghuz tribes came to Anatolia. But there were Greeks before. Just like Saxons and Celts. Oghuz-Kipchak language become common like Anglo-Saxon language. And then, Mongols invade here with Persian Culture. So, Persian words are noble words in nowaday Turkish.
+Das Eqw Interesting
+Das Eqw "Mongols invade here with Persian Culture"?
Maton Dia
Yes. The Ilkhanete was established in Iran. Then invaded Turkey.
+Das Eqw
Persian influence in Turkey is more ancient than Mongol invasion. Remember, that the centre of the Seljuk state was in Iran, not in Anatolia.
Thats why modern Greek has so many loanwords from Turkish :)
I think this little video is superb. I learned a great deal. Thanks for posting! Bravo!
"Cute Viking neighbours" - hmmmm 😳
A person who keeps their desire to a
minimum and reaches maximum rationality is a sage.
A sage always thinks about how they can
benefit and help others.
Ted-Ed did 2 or 3 videos on English. It would be fabulous if there were different languages.
I closed my eyes and still imagined the two scenes the same way as in the end.
This video is absolutely wonderful! Beautifully explained, with an acceptable grasp on the historical facts. The English language one of the most powerful languages in all the world, and in all of history, surpassing classical Latin & Greek!
This was beautiful to watch.
Wow amazing, as we learn English we also learn German, French, Latin, Viking XD
Viking isn't a language.
I think he ment Norse
'german' is a 'germanic language' the way that english is a 'germanic language.' it can be confusing what with the 'german/german-ic' similarity.
@@Thetruthiscosmic Danish tongue / Dansk tunge 😁
@@hazard89 Only in English though. We call them tyskar, and their language tyska (which is indeed a germaniskt språk, just like our own).
I could listen to her talk for hours.
The Romans protected the Celts from the Saxons? Not really. The Celts were pretty isolated and didn't have to worry about invasions until the Romans crossed the Channel. The Saxons didn't become powerful until centuries after the Romans left.
I'm being a bit nitpicky, though. I guess this video is supposed to simplify a lot.
(ouLearn's video is better)
+Benjamin Rome Clarke why did't Romans build a single stadium in Britannia? i ask cause all Greek stadiums around Europe Africa and Asia minor are called Greek Roman, and you gave the impression of knowing history.. let's see if you can think to!
Maton Dia I think by stadium you mean amphitheatre, which is what the Romans built and is what the Colosseum is. There were actually amphitheatres in Roman Britain, and traces of them exist today. They're just not very famous because, unlike the Colosseum or Hadrian's Wall, they've all either crumbled away or been built over in the interim 1500 years. Rest assured, though, there were at least small amphitheatres at some point. Britain was thoroughly Romanised by the 3rd Century AD, and at least its urban population in cities like Camulodunum (Colchester) tried to emulate Roman culture in every way.
Maton Dia Here's a great map showing the locations of the amphitheatres Rome built around its empire. As you can see, Roman culture penetrated deep into Britain. Even the Welsh spoke Latin in this period!
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Amphi-Rome.PNG
this map is nothing! is you have a historic map show me that! the funny thing is according this map Greeks did not build any amphitheaters even though it's a Gr. invention!
Pergamus theater by your map is Roman!
but..wiki said..
"The Hellenistic Theater with a seating capacity of 10,000. This had the steepest seating of any known theater in the ancient world"
And one more "Roman amphitheater" of yours from wiki..
"The Greek theatre of Syracuse lies on the south slopes of the Temenite hill, overlooking the modern city of Syracuse in southeastern Sicily. It was first built in the 5th century BC, rebuilt in the 3rd century BC and renovated again in the Roman period."
So "your" map is as good as....
Maton Dia No, the Greeks did not build amphitheatres. They built theatres, and it's important not to conflate the two terms, as they had different meanings back then. "Amphitheatre" means "double theatre". It was a Roman invention, a theatre encircling the stage on all sides and built from the ground up, whereas the older-style Greek theatres were semicircular and built on the side of hills. Huge difference between Roman amphitheatres and Greek theatres, hence my correction when you called them "stadiums", which is a confusing term especially since it means something very different in classical Latin. There are also Roman theatres, like the Marcellan Theatre in Rome, which were semicircular like Greek ones but built not into the side of hills but from the ground up as amphitheatres were.
Our history lives in a words we speak and hear.
1:09 - "Mr. Romulus Augustulus, I don't feel so good."
😂
This explains the beauty of the language.
An entertaining and insightful wee piece with regard to the origins and impact of language... HOWEVER, the history presented is massively simplified (which I could just about forgive considering the length and target audience of the presentation), and in some places - such as the linguistic divide presented between Anglo-Saxon and Danish - almost completely wrong. Also, Latin was already present in the British Isles and Ireland LONG before the Normans arrived with their Catholic clergy. I'm sure there was another group present in Britain for some time before them who might have spoken Latin... Perhaps the Romans?
Gareth MacColl Yeah, but the Latin vocabulary didn't stick as well as when the clergy came.
Laersico Fair point considering the video's about the evolution of English. In my annoyance I might have confused the issue because I study Celtic history, language and culture, and the Latin from the Roman period had a greater impact on them. Having said that, the Anglo-Saxons were Christian by the arrival of the Normans and the Latin of the Roman period did survive, in large part, within the sphere of the Church. Personally I would consider the linguistic contribution of the Normans to English as Norman French (although I do realise much of that language was based on Latin).
I pictured neither of the 2 scenarios presented involving the 2 sentences we were given to imagine in the beginning of the lesson. Did this occur to anybody else?
@Caesar Santizo I remember reading about the invasion of Britain by the Anglo-Saxon (Germanic) tribes. In most other invasions, the populations ultimately mix, as indeed happened in the British Isles late, with the Viking and Germanic groups eventually merging.
With the Anglo Saxon invasion, though, the Germanic groups seem to have not integrated with, but replaced the Celts. The thing I read seemed to say that no-one is sure what happened to the Celts, but they were probably either shoved out of the way into places like Wales and Cornwall, or they were largely wiped out. Either way, their culture and language disappeared.
I would guess that the answer to your question is related to that. Any Latin picked up by the Celts when they were occupied by the Romans was 'lost' when the Germanic tribes supplanted the existing population.
As the Germanic groups were never conquered by Rome, all traces of Latin might have been lost in England. However, that theory would only work if the existing populations in Spain, France, etc. weren't wiped out or pushed away in the same manner. It also means there might be some traces of Latin in Welsh or Cornish, as that is where most of the Romano-British and Celts would have gone too (if they weren't all killed).
It's also worth noting that England was relatively out of the way. Cultural exchanges to or from the country weren't that common, I don't think, and even Christianization came late to the British Isles. The adoption of Christianity in the Roman Empire in 380 happened just three years before all Roman soldiers were removed from Northern England for the final time, and only 30 years before the total end of Roman occupation of Britain.
I can't swear that's why, but that's my guess, based on what I know.
It's a brilliant video. Cheers to those who made it.
A friendly introduction to a long, fascinating, and strange story.
while it come to an end, i kept thinking that i dont want this video to end
Awesome video! In India speaking English makes us feel aristocratic. 😁
Today I got to know that the same feeling persisted in England.
This is one of the best TEDEducation videos I've watched and English is not even my native language.
The whole noble/peasant divide in the English language can especially be seen in words for meat and animals; the words for animals often come from Old English, for example, Old English cu, sceap, or hogg would develop into the animal names cow, sheep, and hog, since the English-speaking peasants primarily interacted with the living animals. On the other hand, the French-speaking nobles interacted more with the meat, so Old French boef, moton, and porc were introduced into English, where they would become the words beef, mutton, and pork. It's actually a bit of a shame this didn't get brought up, since it illustrates the division much more clearly than "Hearty welcome" and "Cordial reception."
I agree on word creation. Easiest word creation among languages I had contact with!
A group of Chinese dialects (like Wu, which is represented by Shanghainese; Yue, represented by Cantonese and Hoishan; Min, represented by Hokkien, Teochew and Fuzhounese) also followed the similar developing pattern in the ancient time. They used to absorb Mandarins in different periods of time and preserve their original languages (actually in the very beginning they are different tribes, in which people speak totally different languages compared with Mandarin at that time) as basis.
The image was just of the British isles with a diagonal split through the middle. It wasn't evoking any state borders of any sort. But of a 'split'.
4:33 is that Louis C.K. I see?
Yup! With what looks like George Carlin and Kristen Schaal on his left
English is my third language and it’s my easiest to learn. Thank you for this history on the language. Vikings were vicious.
the norski in me WANTS A FRECKLED LEG SKIN ROOT
I love TED-Ed!
"And so the centuries passed, with Bri'ons happily speaking Old English"
XD
Gardoqui is a Basque surname. In my opinion should be written in Euskera, that is, Gardoki. Anyway, zorionak, great video. Short but very illustrative. Really helpful to understand language evolution. Milesker.
500 years later English speakers: American English was weird.
I believe it's comedienne Kristen Schall. I recognized her because it just so happened that I saw her on Star Talk with Neil deGrasse Tyson yesterday, and I recommend everyone check that show out.
Or the french words are bigger, less well known, spoken less in regular speech and more specific in what they mean. So when you hear "Hi, I'm john and these are my mates" you think, 'okay this guys normal' whereas if you hear someone say "Hello, my title is John and this is my entourage" you think, 'this person is high class' because they are saying words not commonly spoken.
Not quite, in the second case you think, "ok, this guy is a dick" (g).
Caleb Thompson Title ≠ name
I can't believe Vinland Saga actually helped me understand more of this in context XDD
So are the Celts the original inhabitants of the British isles?
Nutty151 yes but there were also celts in other places.
Jovahkiin Oh, I see now. Are the Scots also descended from Celts or a different tribe?
Nutty151 Yes, Scots, Welsh and Irish are all Celts. Although you probably also know this, you wouldn't consider the Celts a tribe. They were more of a loose cultural group that were probably only put in the same category because they were different from Germans.
Jovahkiin Right. I do remember reading that the Romans had a harder time conquering the land that would become Scotland than they did England and Wales.
+Nutty151 - no, it would of been neatherthals, as prior to the last ice, maybe 40,000 bc.
Fantastic video, love the a hearty welcome and a cordial reception part.
This was a really great and informative video, I'm just not convinced about the Saxon and French words having connotations reflecting their origin. The semantics of the words themselves are what conjure up the different images in our heads. 'Hearty' means 'from the heart', and 'to welcome' is a much more positive verb than 'to recieve'. The words in the phrase 'affectionate salutation' are of French origin, and they evoke positive feelings. It's the chose of words that change the mood/feel of what you say, not the etymologies of the words.
how deeply I enjoy your videos, worthy of school programs, you should get educational grants from UNESCO. I have been waiting for my kids to be of age to start show them every single one of them and the time has come... Greetings
that was cool!
Good summary, though too bad she skipped over the tasty nugget of information that is hearty and cordial both share the same root separated by millennia. Latin cor>cordi- means heart
THIS IS A GRATE PEICE OV HISTORY M8
This video is really excellent, and the narration a beautiful voice - intelligent yet soothing. Thanks for your research!
2:16 the Saxons weren't in Ireland ;-)
Ikr
I was also thinking about Britain and Australia. I read an article about how American English accent is what British English sounded like during the Revolutionary war...but I highly doubt it.
The English language is akin to the "Borg". It automatically seeks to assimilate or eradicate. It is funny to watch the developing world cram English words in to their syntax.
Not just the developing. There are many German words that are just germanified versions of English words.
***** That's an interesting reversal of history.
Yeah, as ***** said, there are many, _many_ words going over into german, at least in switzerland. "Game" translated in german would actually be "Spiel", a video game on the other hand is called "game" in german as well. Same goes with "Internet", "Stand-by", "Website", "Homepage", "shoppen" (for shopping), somtimes "Sreen", "Display", "Drums", the phrase "Last but not least", "business", and I'm just beginning...
The German word for birth-control pill is "Antibaby"!
My teachers always told us that 60 to 70 %bof our vocabulary derives from French and Latin. I never knew that English was a Germanic language until a German told me when I was 23 years old. Now I've been reading about the Brittonic substratum of English and everything makes sense. A Brittonic structure on which Anglo, Saxon, Jute words are used. Norman French later. 'English is more French than you imagined'...After the first 2,500 words Anglo-Saxon loses its dominance.
Did away with the celts lol you mean displaced and then conquered.
+3KTV interbred is the correct term.
VC YT lmao sure the correct "revisionist" term. We all know who basically owns all the land in the UK, same people who own most of africa, australia, and the rest of the old empire.
+3KTV The Chinese?
most of them were driven to Scotland and Wales
Why don't they teach us this in English class? This is way more interesting and relevant than learning the difference between who and whom for the 6th time.
The Romans protected the Celts from Germanic tribes? That's not true at all. In fact one of the reasons why those Germanic tribes settled the British Isles was that they were contracted as mercenaries by Roman aristocrats after most of Roman legions left the isles as the empire was slowly collapsing.
Brilliant video! Excellent
VIKINGS DID NOT HAVE WINGS ON THEIR HORNS!!
Prove it.
+JasonJacksonJames Just ask a historian or a archaeologist, or just look it up, I suggest the CGPgrey video.
+JasonJacksonJames Just ask a historian or a archaeologist, or just look it up, I suggest the CGPgrey video.
Nor did they have those non-winged horns on their helmets. They did have spectacles, though. ;p
+JasonJacksonJames It's true. Wings and horns were only added to Viking helmets in operas. The original Vikings never had such ornaments on their helmets.
Amazing said : our history deals with the words we speak.
Denmark FTW!
Ja [yah], lad os [us] gå [go] / sejle [sigh-le] (sail) ud for det 😁
It seems to me that it has more to do with how we usually see the words in queston used. "Cordial" and "Reception" are usually used with regards to formal invitations to events, and as such tend to carry a connotation of formality. On the other hand, "a hearty welcome" is never used in such situations. So in some sense, the history behind these words does affect how we visualise the scenes, but only indirectly, due to ways of using certain words that have persisted through the ages.
+Josh LZK (fatalystic) -yes, this american vid made yet another mistake there, an a 'hearty welcome' is a greeting - not an invitation.
They started out that way because "cordial reception" is what upper class, fancy people would use, which gave it that connotation we have today.
what about Greek
ikr most english words have a greek root so...
+kapoios. gr
Your sheer stupidity and ignorance makes me feel bad for this world.
Gold Logic ...what?
kapoios. gr
Hint: Most English words *DON'T* actually have Greek roots.
Now try to comprehend that fact.
Gold Logic
they do though,not my fault,there's an amount of english words that have a greek root
I'm glad to see you agree with me.
That not everyone uses it :)
"Did away with the celts" ddywedoch chi? Fideo diddorol, ond yn anghywir fan 'na. Mewn geiriau Dafydd Iwan, "Dyn ni yma o hyd".
(Remember, google translate is your friend)
Google Translate is... spotty a lot of the time. Bit of a fair-weather friend, to be honest! But the whole video is monstrously over-simplified so I get the mild upset about that line.
It's interesting to note how much 'old blood' is still hanging around in England, even the south east, and there are parts of Somerset and Dorset that are culturally English (Romanized, Saxonized, Normanized and then mixed with the rest of the isles) but still have a majority Celtic genepool. Not only are the Celts still here, but apparently they were barely pushed out at all.
MrMortull I hear England tries desperately to overcome this part of their past because, despite modern anthropological and sociological ideas, Celtic culture is still seen as this backwater, uncivilized thing. Which is unfortunate if that is true, because Celtic culture and its languages is absolutely beautiful.
The French have even less respect for the Breton language than the UK government does for the Celtic languages here. And they treat all as equal (égalité), but equal fellow French (fraternité). Not Breton (or Corse or Occitanian or Alsacian or Basque or Catalan or whatever), which they would rather just went away.
...Wait, really? It was my understanding that Breton was recognised decades ago and bilingualism was not only accounted for, but also encouraged. I need to check where I got that impression, because I seriously don't want to be wrong about this sort of thing.
That's really interesting. I come from a long line of Irish heritage, although not much connects me to it anymore so it's nice to hear people talking about Celtic languages. I've always wanted to learn Gaelic, but the pronunciation seems pretty difficult, and I'm not sure who I'd be able to talk to in Australia haha.
Something else the speaker forgot is to mention how Winston Church used plain English (as opposed to hoity-toity English) to write a rousing speech (the "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat" speech), and how this would have been less rousing and instead rather ineffective if he had used the colder/snobbier French/Latin words, such as "I posses nix to render except for haemoglobin, travail, lachrymae and perspiration."