ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 ก.ค. 2015
- View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/where-did-e...
When we talk about ‘English’, we often think of it as a single language. But what do the dialects spoken in dozens of countries around the world have in common with each other, or with the writings of Chaucer? Claire Bowern traces the language from the present day back to its ancient roots, showing how English has evolved through generations of speakers.
Lesson by Claire Bowern, animation by Patrick Smith.
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I’m from South Carolina and my buddy from New York understands 50% of what I say to him. We’re making progress
Underrated comment right here
I'm from Maine and my friend is from Louisiana. I understand nothing. He understands less.
I totally understand that while being from Kentucky
My family from Charleston and Ridgeville South Carolina and nobody knew what my grandma was saying here in NY. I had to talk for her.
Were is the lie in this is from texas and California New York Louisiana all have different accent
3 billion humans are speaking the same words but cannot understand each other...how profound is that!
😂 lol
r/im14andthisisdeep
There same words but with different meaning
English is only spoken by 1.2 billion people. And it’s only properly spoken by half that
@@haltdieklappe7972 He might be referring to Indo-European but dont quote me on that
Persian: khoob
English: good
Persian: behtar
English: better
Persian: drost, raast
English: right, Just
Persian: dokhtar
English: daughter
Old Persian: Baq
English: Big
Persian: Ga'aw
English: Cow
Persian: Cart (means knife)
English: Cut (what a knife is used for)
Persian: Dar
English: Door
Persian: mard
English: man
Persian: setare
English: star
And many more including the usual father, mother, numbers etc..
goerge john yes! And also ‘baradar’ , which is ‘brother’ and ‘now’, which is ‘new’.
This is because persian is a Indo-European lenguage..
Fun fact is 80% of the Persian words written are in Hindi vocabulary also. Like Mard, Dar, sitara(star), khoob etc
@General William T. Sherman hindi language is actually a mixture of Sanskrit, Urdu , Arabic , Persian and other regional languages. 😆😆
German words are similar...tochter... tur... etc
I was brought up in England and was always amazed at the change in accent between cities and towns only short distances apart almost if you had immigrated!
Growing up in south east Northumberland in the 1960s, the accents used to change between neighbouring pit villages, even when it was hard to see where one of them ended and the next began. That's mostly lost now.
Just wait till you visit different parts of diverse cities like Boston and New York, the Deep South, or the old northwest... there’s tons and tons of variety based off where you live, not just “standard American” politicians speak in order to appeal to voters
@@TheIT221 there's obviously variety in accents in the US, particularly in the north east, but it's really nothing in comparison to the variety of accents in the UK
Just visit India,you will find different language only short distance apart
@@kaushiksingh3818it used to be the same in Europe I heard because of the telephone and other such communication technology they died out even now you probably never heard of Wmymsare (I think that's how you spell it)or Sords (Germanic and Slavic)or Marx and Esyemten (Celtic and Germanic) they're dieing Wmymsare (Poland)only has 14 speakers and Esyemten (Sweden)has 100s .
the origins and evolution of language into the hundreds if not thousands of languages we have now fascinates me
boy638 You imply that there were not thousands of languages in the past.
Then my bad for giving the wrong idea. I meant that it's fascinating how languages began and evolved into the languages we speak today.
+icedragon769 Well there definitely would've been fewer at some point, I mean at one time there had to have been zero languages
danrich92 This is true. However, the first languages are expected to have appeared 50,000 to 100,000 years ago. The farthest into the past we can look as far as languages go is about 8000 years, give or take. It is impossible to know anything about a "first language".
That said, my main criticism was to point out that, there are FEWER languages today than there were at the time of Proto-Indo-European, not more. It just so happens that this one group of people spread into areas familiar to Westerners so we know its descendants by name.
nonesense
I am a native Slovak speaker and also have been lucky in my life to learn German and English and speak both at a fairly good level. To me, both languages are so similar in many aspects (and both so different to Slavic languages) and when listening to Norwegian, I basically hear a mix of German and English.
Erik Žiak l'Anglais et l'Allemand basiques sont germaniques et donc similaires, mais au-delà de cette constatation, l'Anglais moderne tire aussi son vocabulaire du franco-normand ( la langue de Guillaume le Conquérant), du Français de Paris et du Latin . Comme le Français est une langue latine, plus de 50% du vocabulaire de l'Anglais est d'origine romane . Dans les domaines de la science , de l'économie, de la culture , l'Anglais et le
Français sont très proches .
Damn right
that’s the reason i started learning german, it’s so similar to english that it’s easy and it makes me seem cooler because i can speak 2 languages
That's how I feel about Portuguese, it sounds so much like spanish so I can somewhat understand but then it gets completely different lol
@@jean-louispirottin4144 I know enough Spanish and just enough Latin to understand almost your entire comment.
2:05 wow, is that the reason why German's word for apple is 'Apfel'?
No, it's the reason why the English word for apfel is 'Apple' :-)
Both kind of right i guess
Yes catastrobia you are more correct
In some dialects it still is "Appel".
Also pepper - Pfeffer (but many say Feffer without p nowadays.)
Ship - Schiff
(But there is a verb "schippern" wich means moving around with a ship)
Grip - Griff
But there are few the other way around:
Engl staff - germ Stab
@@aramisortsbottcher8201 You could see it in some last names too.
Pfeiffer = Piper
Fischer = Fisher
Schmidt = Smith
Müller = Miller
Becker = Baker
Braun = Brown
Romance and French loanwords used in this one video:
Single: from Old French "sengle" (no modern equivalent)
Language: from Old French "language" (modern langage).
Dialect: from Middle French "dialecte" (modern "dialecte") from Ancient Greek.
Dozen: from Old French "dozaine" (modern "douzaine).
Country: from Old French "contré" (modern "contrée").
Around: from Anglo-Norman "röunt" (modern "rond").
Common: from Anglo-Norman "comun" (modern "commun")
Relate: from Latin "relātus" (no modern French equivalent other than derivatives such as "relation".
Strange: from Old French "estrange" (modern étrange).
Evolve: from Latin "ēvolvō" (Modern French "évoluer").
Generation: from Anglo-Norman "generacioun" (modern "génération).
Major: from Latin "maior" (Modern French "majeur").
Change: from Old French "changier" (modern "changer") from Celtic.
Trace: from Old French "trasser" (modern "tracer".
Present: from Old French "present" (modern "présent").
Ancient: from Old French "ancien" (modern French "ancien").
Modern: from Middle French "moderne" (modern "moderne").
Similar: from Modern French "similaire".
Derive: from Old French "deriver" (modern "dériver").
Originally: from Old French "origine" (modern "origine").
Part: from Old French "part" (modern "part").
Invasion: from Middle French "invasion" (modern "invasion").
Conquer: from Old French "cunquere" (modern "conquérir").
Rule: from Old French "riuler" (modern French "régler" however it's a demominalisation of "règle" which is straight borrowed from Latin).
Class: from Middle French "classe" (modern "classe").
Add: from Latin "addō" (no modern French equivalent though there is a partial cognate in Spanish "añadir" and Galician "engadir").
Massive: from Middle French "massif" (modern "massif") from Greek.
Amount: from Old French "amonter" (modern French hasn't got a verbal equivalent but does have "amont").
Vocabulary: from Modern French "vocabulaire".
Previously: from Latin "praevius" (no Modern French equivalent but there is Italian and Spanish "previo", Portuguese "prévio" and Catalan "previ").
Probably: from Old French "probable" (modern "probable").
Very: from Old French "verai" (modern "vrai").
Familiar: from Latin "familiāris" (modern French "familier").
Recognise and derivatives like Recognisable: from Old French "reconoistre" (modern French "reconnaître" and "reconnaissable".)
Cause as in because: from Old French "cause" (modern "cause").
Family: from Latin "familia" (modern French "famille").
Isle: from Old French "ille" (modern "île").
Century: from Old French "centurie" (obsolete modern French "centurie").
Comparative: from Middle French "comparatif" (modern "comparatif").
Linguistics: from German "Linguistik", from Latin "linguisticus" (modern French "linguistique").
Focus: from Latin "focus" (modern French "focus" is from the English word but there's also the inherited "feu" alongside it as well the related "focaliser").
Grammatical: from Middle French "grammatical" (modern "grammatical") from Ancient Greek.
Structure: from Middle French "structure" (modern "structure").
Pattern: from Old French "patron" (modern "patron").
Sound: from Anglo-Norman "soun" (Modern French "son").
Certain: from Old French "certain" (Modern "certain").
Core: from Old French "cuer" (modern "cœur").
Example: from Old French "essample" (modern French "exemple").
Systematically: from Modern French "systématique" from Ancient Greek.
Counterpart: from Old French "contrepartie" (modern "contrepartie").
Develop: from Modern French "développer" from Germanic.
Direct: from Latin "dīrectus" (Modern French "directe" and inherited "droit".
Just: from Old French "juste" (modern "juste".
Various: from Middle French "varieux" (no modern equivalent though related words like "varié", "varier" and "variation" do exist.)
Descend : from Old French "descendre" (modern "descendre")
Ancestor: from Old French "ancestre" (modern French "ancêtre").
Historical: from Latin "historicus" (modern French "historique") from Ancient Greek.
Reconstruct: from Latin "re- + constructus" (modern French "reconstruire".)
Compare : from old French "comparer" (modern "comparer".)
Possible: from old French "possible" (modern "possible").
Consistency: from Middle French "consistance" (modern French "consistance").
Use: from Old French "user" (modern French "user").
Process: from Old French "procés" (modern "procès).
Include: from Latin "inclūdere" (modern French "inclure").
Large: from Old French "large"(modern "large").
Require: from old French "requere" (modern "requérir").
"Correspondence": from Middle French "correspondance" (modern French "correspondance").
Different: from Old French "diferent" (modern différent").
Branch: from Old French "branche" (modern "branche").
Distant: from old French "distant" (modern "distant").
Displace: from Old French "desplacer" (modern "déplacer").
Unfortunately: root is from Latin "fortunatus" (no Modern French counterpart but related words like "fortune" do exist.)
Allow: from Anglo-French "alouer" (modern "allouer").
Mystery: from Anglo-Norman "misterie" (modern French "mystère").
Remain: from Old French "remanoir" (no modern French equivalents).
Nature: from old French "nature" (modern French "nature").
Prior: from Latin "prior" (modern French "prieur").
Fact: from Latin "factum" (Modern French "fait".)
Million: from Middle French "million" (modern French "million").
People: from Anglo-Norman "people" (modern French "peuple").
I am french I did know that some words came from old french
for example : Dozen....
"Mystery" comes from the Greek "mysterion"
wow that took a minite
Wow... you are DEDICATED
There are indeed French related words for :
Single : "singulier" (which means "different from others" or "strange")
Relate : the verb "relater", which means to report, to recount)
Add : the verb "additionner" which means...to add, and the related noun "addition"
Amount : transformed in "montant" in modern French (same root obviously)
Previously : the verb "prévoir", which means to foresee or to plan (a clear shift in the meaning compared to English)
Unfortunately : the word "infortuné"' is still used, meaning "unlucky" (strangely enough, "fortuné" is not the contrary, as it now means "wealthy")
Remain : "rémanent", which means "persistent"
2:14 oh skit, didn’t know that
This comment deserves more likes😂
Ih skit, that's a good one 😂😂😂👍
O skit here we go again
Hi, I subbed you. 😃 nice name. 😁😁😁
Thanks for the like.
Well, when two languages love each other very much...
They make a new language
And the process can take time...
@@dainn066 culture appropriations
@@theodorepatel514 ??????
@@bykegetter478 as woke man i am offended that we have taken other people's slang and other people's words to make a language and then call it ours.
God: ok England, who do you want your language to be influenced by?
England: yes
Americas new Zealand Australia and many more!
🦟🦗🐜🦇🐝🐗🪰🕷🦍🐃🦬
@@thecerebralassasinhhh8279 he said influenced buy, not whom. x
These comments the reason I looked this up on TH-cam over google 🤣💯
Lol
I love English so much. You can just feel the texture of so many different languages in it. In its vocabulary, its phonetics, its styles...
Speaking it is so much fun.
Reading it is nightmare 😂
But , wow, type it down in Twitter and the prose is taken entirely out of context
The problem is, your using Twitter bro.
I love english because it's germanic, multicultralism is cringe!
It's style and phonetics is germanic
"In this country we speak American!"
It cracks me up every time they say it.
Wel its go from hindi to Germanic.
The found 4 new DNA signs,from unknown humans.
american = american english
@@nofatchxplzthx there is only English and incorrect English. Just like when someone says British English, it's false.
tj o• Your actually wrong, American-English is correct, it’s English still, but the American dialect.
america doesnt have officially language?
Wait- does that mean "shirt" and "skirt" are essentially the same word?!
That I was thinking and I guess so
It depends I'm pretty sure it really isn't but I guess it matters where it's origin/nationality came from
Nice catch, bro!
yup. English borrowed "skirt" which became "shirt". Then English borrowed "skirt" again...hmm? borrowed? or STOLE?!
Xopher000 Yes, exactly! and the meaning changed the same way that "pants" means underwear in England and jeans in America.
From the perspective of a language learner, English just looks like a mix of French and German with a bit of sophisticated Greek terms and with "mutually exclusive" pronunciation and spelling :P
@Martin Cregan you're kinda right, but the germans didn't borrow from franks, remember the Franks were a GERMANIC tribe who influenced French a lot alongside the Gauls. So I'd say it was the other way around.
Latin is under the proto indo European umbrella. I'm annoyed ot wasn't explicitly explained and the there is debate as to where the language actually originated.
Think of English as a germanic language that uses latin verbs and nouns. This is why English can split an infinitive, yet French cannot.
@@amynazza I don't think English uses Latin verbs...it uses mainly Germanic verbs with some French in there.
58 percent of English words derive directly or indirectly from Latin
OMG!!! The voice cover is just mesmerising ✨🖤
There is a German dialect spoken mainly in the north of Germany called "Plattdeutsch" or "Plattdüütsch" that really sounds like English. For example:
English: "Now it's too late"
Normal German ("Deutsch" or "Hochdeutsch"): "Jetzt ist es zu spät"
Plattdeutsch: "Nu is to laat"
I've always wondered and why but now it makes a lot more sense.
Edit: Yes, I do realize that Plattdeutsch is closer to Dutch than to English, I live pretty close to the Dutch border and when we're in the Netherlands we can get around just fine with our Plattdeutsch, even if we don't actually speak Dutch. We might not understand everything, but it's really similar. (In fact, we recently went to the zoo here in Germany, but there's a lot of Dutch visitors there as well because it's so close to the border. We came across a little 4 year old Dutch boy who had lost sight of his parents and could actually figure out his and his parents' names by speaking Plattdeutsch with him so we knew who we had to look for. Luckily his parents were also frantically looking for him and we found them within a few minutes.)
Laura B The Angles came from Northern Germany/Southern Denmark. So that might be why XD
Auf Deutsch kann man auch nun sagen
it sounds more like dutch
Check out BBC's great series
"The Adventure of English" here on TH-cam - 8 episodes á 50 mins. ( especially episodes 1 & 2 in this context ).
And also Langfocus' excellent video "The Viking Influence on the Language".
And the hilarious "Verner's Law" for a humouristic, yet serious look at these deep links between our languages 😁
@Anglo-Celtic Mega Nationalist
Because it's basically descended from the Northumbrian dialect of Middle English.
But apart from that - and apart from all the other variants of English and creole Englishes spoken around the world... 😎
Really liked the animation.
EatPlums Cry about it b*tch.
@EatPlums you sound like you're fun at parties
@EatPlums You are a middle-schooler.
I didn't know that English has so many origins. I knew it has a lot of Latin (especially French) and German backgrounds but not as many as listed in the video. Good to know.
Modern English people are primarily descended from Anglo Saxons. Anglo Saxons were primarily from Denmark as well as Lower Saxony and Schleswig Holstein in germany. So basically, English people are just germans and Danes lol
Germanic, not German!
German is just one of the languages that belong to this large language family - German is only a remote cousin of English, and this took place centuried before an Old (High) German even existed.
Not German. Germany only existed since 19th century. English and Danish are Germanic languages
@@frankklein4872 ?
@@haltdieklappe7972 Germanic not Germany
Years ago I read some pages of a book written in medieval English, I was surprised that without my knowledge of Dutch it would not have been possible to understand the text. : )
German is a big brother of English! I can speak them both. (I’m from Russia 🇷🇺) Examples: I can help you - Ich kann dir helfen. She is my friend - Sie ist mein freund. You must be here - Du musst hier sein. Good morning - Guten morgen. Hello - Hallo. This is blue - Das ist blau. Go and wash your hands - Geh und wasch deine hande. Water flows under the bridge - Wasser fliess unter der brucke. I have made it - Ich habe es gemacht. Bring me the book - Bring mir das buch. We drink tea in the morning - Wir trinken tee am morgen. My finger is broken - Mein finger ist gebrochen. I hate the wind. - Ich hasse der wind. Can you fly? - Kannst du fliegen? The grass is green - Das gras ist grun.
There is also Low German, which is the successor of Old Saxon, and it's even closer than High German:
I can help you - Ik kann di helpen / Ik kann ju helpen
She is my friend - Se is min fründ
Water flows under the bridge - Water flaut unner de Brüch
We drink tea in the morning - Wi drinkt tee an'n morgen
My finger is broken - Mien finger is broken
I hate the wind - Ik haat den wind
+Michael Köther
Old saxon is just a Dutch dialect.
I can help you - ik kan je helpen
She is my friend - ze is mijn vriend
+Caius Klein
Now that was a good joke :-). Give me one serious source that states that.
Low Saxon and Dutch have a lot in common (same for Old Saxon and Old Low Franconian aka Old Dutch), but also distinctive features.
Ik wünsch di en goden dag ;-).
+Michael Köther
well, only half joking.
Old saxon is older than high german, which sort of is an "constructed" language.
Both Dutch and old saxon stayed more true to their germanic roots, hence why they are almost the same.
I would even argue that because of that they are both closer connected to English, because old English looks more like Dutch than it does to German.
High german had a Consonant shift thats why. Just google it.
Ik wens u ook een goede dag ;)
Naja, passt schon, wenn es Schweizer Standarddeutsch ist, vom Fallfehler mal abgesehen. Das beta-förming Ding ist übrigens noch ein Überbleibsel aus dem gothischen Alphabet. Wenn man die alte Schrift benutzt, sieht es aus wie ein Mix aus s und z, was ich ganz amüsant finde.
I wish this video had been geared toward teaching about the origins of the English language. Instead it seems to have been geared toward sharing tidbits.
***** Unfortunately, most of the best information on the subject is hidden in books. Of course, who reads books anymore. There are a few of us ancients who have lived over 500 years who still read them. But now everyone gets their information from videos. TED has a few good things but it is always the lite version and little substance.
Oops! I might have exagerated a few things.
All right. Why don't you share what you think the video _should_ have said, so we can all learn it?
***** you should ask for your money back.
Baal Buster - Ha! TED already sent me a gift basket, so we're good now.
TheStrawhatmenace - I'm sorry you feel that way. Let's have a meal together if you're ever in San Diego.
I was brought up in Philippines and was always amazed at the change in accent between cities and towns only short distances apart almost if you had immigrated
Irrespective of its roots, the beautiful language called English, indeed plays a vital role in the modern world communication and is undoubtedly one of the most expressive languages used till date.
I wouldn't call it beautiful
@@Lumberjack_king maybe not you but there are many more who think it is.
@@uzaidgurjee4798 ok I just think it has more flaws than most languages but I got to give it praise for having a "th" sound most languages dont
@@Lumberjack_king is german a better language to learn than english?
@@comdrive3865 I mean Idk they are related English used to be more similar to German then eventually became it's own language there's no way to say which is "better" though German is probably significantly easier to learn as a second language
That last statement made me feel all warm and fuzzy inside.
This was so enlightening ! I did look into the roots of English language about 3 years ago but wasnt able to understand it this clearly untill now !
you are amazing ted-ed
Brilliantly and effectively narrated and illustrated 👏👏👏
A very comprehensive explanation. Concise at the same time.
Thank you for posting! This is a great video, and I really appreciate the link to the lesson plan!
It’s very informative video. I learned that many languages are interconnected and create a certain chain. I think the more languages you know, the wider you see the world around you.
Definitely true, my native tongue is German, but I also fluently speak English and Spanish, so I can generally connect to most people around me
i am currently learning greek and i found so many words with greek origion. such including, passion, hipopotomas, metropolitin, bible, kinetic and many more. i feel like greek influence was not talked enough about in this video
Exactly!!
Thank you for making this accessible to us. I loved them.
Shout out to the animation team! Brilliant work as always.
I'm just happy you said Western Asia instead of the Middle East.
IKR!
SilverAbsol They didn't say that because they were talking about Iran and India. Middle eastern languages like Arabic and Hebru belong to the Semitic not the Indo European family.
wyl Kan Then he would've said Iran and South Asia. Yes, Arabic is Semitic.
SilverAbsol South Asia is too broad of a region. It includes Thailand, Indonesia and the Phillipines which have their own Liguistic family.
wyl Kan You ruined it for me. ;-;
But then again, when they said Western Asia maybe they only meant Iran but that doesn't mean they don't consider the rest of the Asian Arab countries as Western Asia. Doesn't make sense for a region to contain one country.
Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me get through the pandemic!
Even if it is obvious, but, yeah, it is exciting, how these two languages are really connected between themselves. When I tried to learn German about 5 years ago, I realized, how many similar words there are in these languages. During that period I was so confused and mixed two languages in one.
thank you SO MUCH for this channel i can FEEL myself getting smarter
You`re so right. More's the pity that after watching some videos, one actually feels dumber.
same
Interestingly, Hungarian, Finnish, and Euscara (Basque) are the only languages in Europe without Indo-European roots.
estonian
Alex Cursaru There's also Turkic minorities in Ukraine and the balkans area such as Bulgaria
Baskue and Albanian are another two non-indo-european languages.
Horia Neculcea Only Basque is non-indo-european.
+Cicero
Actually finno-ugric languages are not considered to be a part of the indo-european languages.
+Horia Neculcea
Albanian is an indo-european language.
Thank you brilliantly and effectively narrated and illustrated
It feels new to know about this because I speak Korean🇰🇷. Korean was invented by a king in the 15th century, so the alphabets are very distinct from English, and also from Japanese or Chinese. The grammars are also very different. I always feel that Kind Sejong was such a incredible king when I see things like this, explaining the origins of English and the connection between various languages or so. Just think about it; inventing a language!!
Pretty sure he just invented the writing system not language
@@meepulp true.... this could just just be a myth created as a backing to the language... it's a legitimisation tactic that has been long prevalent in histories of the world
@@meepulp Yes Im korean and what sejong created was not a language but an alphabet lol
I think he misunderstood
@@shambhavidwivedi1707 The korean language existed thousands of years ago No one in this world created a language😂
But it is true that he created the korean alphabet
@@user-ww9hp9fo5nI mean, Tolkien made his own language for his books. It hasn't seen widespread use but many people made their own languages for various reasons.
I read Beowulf in 8th grade! It was amazing to me! Always interested in foreign languages since I was four, I ended up taking almost 1 year of Latin then a little French. After that 1 year of Spanish then two years of German. Twelve years later I moved to Germany (military). It was so easy for me to speak and read. I also speak a lot of SpA
Spanish, it is so easy for me! It’s been almost 35 years since I was in Germany but I can still speak it!
Dann lass ich grüßen und komm doch mal zu Besuch ;)
Amazing art, music, and story! I loved this.
From Airwolf to Bewolf from Bewolf to Airwolf has been my from the completing of my 5th semester of college where I received my first A on the semester in one of my psychology classes. Terrill TC!
Inglish.
Animation in this is WONDERFUL. 👏👏👏😎
It has been my dream to be able to speak and understand every language in the world! I love learning how language evolved to form the languages spoken today
i'm gonna study languages in college and this not only gave me chills, but got teary eyed...
affect
really you need too get out more my dear ..
Lucy Sevi if you get teary eyed about linguistic phenomena such as this, then you've probably found your calling. Seriously. Now call this sexist or what not, I don't know why but women also tend to just love learning linguistics, I've found.
I'm English and from Newcastle where we are called Geordies, the Geordie dialect is the only dialect remaining that is the closest to the old Anglo Saxon dialect that was spoken a thousand years ago.
Cuold you write an example please?
@@aramisortsbottcher8201 it's not really written certain words are, yhem means home it's the same in Norwegian as is Huss pronounced Hoose in Geordie, which is house.
@@jazzflute2465 in german home is "Heim" its like hi with an aditional m.
@@aramisortsbottcher8201 very similar the Saxon influence
@@jazzflute2465 Newcastle was also a viking outpost in England during the viking age, so there's another substratum of Norse influences to consider.
So grateful I found this channel
Sko in Swedish = shoe in English this just popped into my head when he said k became sh
Skit och shit är rätt obvious också lol
Hvorfor nevnte han ikke norsk? 😕
Add schoen, Dutch for shoe, and you can see how closely we are related :)
yeah but you need to be careful with german some of their words are stolen from english, which is bizarre. These words normally look the exact same as the english word, like Schwimmen and Auto
Isn't Auto from the Greek language?
This will be great as I try to show how and why words are related to my French and German students! Thank you!
Germanic we’re not Germans
Thank you so much for this video..
Excellent presentation! 👍👍
*me sitting in my room eating noodles just thinking about life* "Man I wonder how they made engish"
Thats me😂
English has absorbed a lot from other languages, but this hasn't changed its basic Germanic structure. Where German uses compound words, and double and triple, English developed from French vocabulary another way of expression. In 1066, French culture was imported to the merry isle as was my name, Geoffrey, a name most Americans can't even pronounce.
The same way you’d pronounce Jeffrey.
Why do people always mention Americans in comments sections of videos that have nothing to do with Americans. It really makes me want to punch holes through their faces.
Germanic not German
Wow. Great info. Great graphics. I want the book.
This vedio was sooo helpful for me.
Thanks a lot. ❤️❤️
The Frisian language is not even mentioned once. And it might be one of the most important ones.
+Aragorn Strider I wouldn't say important, but definitely interesting
+Aragorn Strider Frisian vocabulary and pronunciation is so close that modern speakers can understand Old English. Frisian is more of a survival than an ancestor of OE.
+David H That does not compute!
How so? Explain, please
Geordie, Northumbrian, and Scots are the closest English dialects to Old English. Geordie and Frisian share a lot of vocabulary and pronunciation... while Scots is derived from Northumbrian Anglish when most of the Scottish lowlands were under Northumbrian rule after Rheged and Northumberland united through marriage. When Eddie Izzard went to buy a broon coo from a Frisian farmer, the only word I did not understand from Frisian was the word for shed.
you forgot to menthion greek in the narration but you do have it in the thrubnail. some english proff has said that english is 60% latin and greek. examples: all words with -logy -graphy in are greek, words with "photo" in (means light in greek) like photograph, photosynthesis, photogenic, photolysis. word phone, come from the greek word φωνη which means voice, even the word "problem" is greek, consists of preposition προ and word βλήμα which comes from verb βαλλω which u can find in thosand words in greek language, some other verbs that contain it are: (καταβαλω,περιβαλω, επιβαλω, υπερβαλω, μεταβαλλω, υποβαλω, συμβαλω, διαβαλω)
Living in the Anglo-sphere for quite a few years, I can tell you that they are in some sort of denial when it comes to what they borrowed from the Greek language. I still can't spot the reasons for that.
the most current is Nigeria pigeon English
Take a guess why the rather universal, ever progressive, user friendly language called English is vague with its origins and oddly seems a whole lot more important then is understand.
Is it english or engels or anh or английский or anglais or anglican or ingrisi or Bèarla or maybe is the original vulgar tongue of men. While french was used by the royals and governments, and 'latin' was used in catholicism and early church....
English, Ingreece, englyfh, Encrypt
It is the true language of Egypt, the language of Hieroglyphic.
The Sphinx is the Ark... the noise ark and the ark of consonant. The Archer.
The HEAD is hallow... ed be thy name. Tap into the third eye of sphinx and mimic the solar.
7% of English is Greek, that's nothing compared to 26% each for French and Latin.
mourgos1234 They adopted those words threw French. But yeah, they mentioned latin, they should have mentioned greek too. French deriving from both of them
There is a book called Madrigal's Magic Keys to Spanish which is all based on English and Spanish words that are similar based on that 1066 Norman conquest of England.
I would really love and appreciate if TED-Ed would make a similar video about the Albanian language.
No wonder why I sometimes feel like German sounds like English.
NJ no on on
Deanna Radiant Almost all languages have some words that sounds like English. I think German is more complicated that English, they call pen a "kugelschreiber"
Roger B 1. to pen (a letter) means to write; 2. to write = schreiben (in German); 3. ball = Kugel (in German); 4. ball pen = Kugelschreiber (in German); 5. Q.E.D.: It's exactly the same!
Marc Gyver For me, English is the third language and I have learned basics of the great German language. So I find it easy to say ball pen than Kugelschreiber. Yeah, kinda embarrassed.
Roger B The thing with German, is that (it seems to me), when naming a thing, they shove a whole bunch of preexisting words together to create the new word. It's very logical, if not particularly creative.
Remake an expanded version of this video! Too interesting for 5 minutes.
check out Langfocus
Очень наглядно демонстрирует в виде мультфильма. И комментарии в основном по делу и содержательные.
А это редкость, значит, ролик выдающийся.
I love the evolution of language... it is highly fascinating
It sucks that we have lost 80% of human history ..
True. But if you look at the bright side, human history is being made all around us right now!
We haven’t lost it, It’s just hidden.
They didn’t lose it they jus not tellin us😂
@@flutterwind7686 I want this level of positiveness in my life
History is 100% lost... We only have copies...
I shall= jag ska. Shoot= skott. Shoe= sko.
(English to swedish).
Hadnt thought about this. Though its pretty cool when you actually notice those little things that makes them unique.
You could also write "jag skall" (a tad old or formal), making it even closer.
"Shoot" should be "Skjut" "Skott" is more... well it's a pronoun, you could translate it to "Bullet" but it's not really that precise, it means more something that can be fired, like if we use it in a sentence "Jag hör skott" "I hear shots" like the sound of gunfire, but you could also say "jag har slut på skott" which would mean "I'm out of shots". In this case meaning some kind of ammunition. Before the era of gunpowder I'm not really sure what the meaning of the word would be, but the word is used in some other contexts as well, like in "skottkärra" meaning "wheelbarrow", "skottår" "leap year" or "skotta" "shoveling" Considering these words it probably has to do with moving stuff around.
"Skjuta" is a verb that means "shoot" f.ex. "jag skjuter med geväret" "I'm shooting with the rifle" or "Jag blev skjuten" "I got shot". But can be used in other contexts as well like f.ex. "Jag skjuter på bilen" "I'm pushing the car (onwards)" here we see the same pattern, the probably older meaning of pushing something onwards, moving something ina foreward motion.
This comment became a lot longer than my original intent, oh well.
elliot lemon more over shit would then be skit
Hyddan92 skott/shoot funkar om du tänker växter istället, tex ärtskott/pea shoot 👍
Sandwich= sandewich
Paradise=pardis
Maman=mother
Bat= batum
In Persian
Oh my god its amazing 😻🙌
I understand so much 👏❤
I'm so interested to learn this in my department 😍🙌❤❤
English now : hello my friend how are you today " future English prediction: hewo ma bruh how yoaht toda
Ve nid to chang alfabet prunounciashun of Inglish to mak it isier to read
Meaning: We nned to change alphabet pronounciqtion of English to make it easier to read
My opinion :Hindi is easier to read
I love Ted so mush :))) thanks to these lessons, I can develop my self for the better :))))
It is so awesome how languages are created, how they merge with each other and evolve
Rico Sun Diego agreed
Short and interesting. Thanks for the video.
Notice that quite a number of English words with the /oʊ/ diphthong have an equivalent in German with the /aɪ/ diphthong?
English: home - German: Heim
English: stone - German: Stein
English: ghost - German: Geist
English: holy - German: heilig
English: token - German: Zeichen
English: spoke (noun, the things that hold wheels together) - German: Speiche
English: go - norhtern German / Plattdeutsch: geit
Going one step further, many have a common ancestor with a long /a:/, such as "daham" (German: daheim = English: at home), which still can be heard in southern German and Austrian dialects today.
#Bonus fact: I was wondering why the English word "horse" is "Pferd" in German. My research revealed that "horse" is a hyper correction of "hross" which corresponds with the archaic German word for "Pferd" = Ross.
I missed Inguevonic. That's the coastal dialects of Western Germanic. So: English, Danish, Frysian, Norse, Frankish, Saxon and Swedish. And perhaps one or two who escaped my attention. The similarities between these were so great that up to the tenth century or so speaker from different areas (e.g. Danes and Franks) could say "hey, he talks funny but I'm able to understand him". Okay, perhaps it was not the tenth century but the seventh. Exemplary of this is the discusion about the oldest written Dutch sentence (haban alla vogala nestas). It was found as a doodle in the margin of a formal document. Written by a Flemish so Southern Dutch monk. But he wrote it in Kent. And saxon Kentish around that time had enough similarities with Old Dutch, which developed out of Lower East Frankish, that the debate arose wether it was perhaps after all a Kentish sentence!
im just wondering how languages change over time like creating something new requires a new word but how one word for one specific things changes but the object stays the same
I imagine it had a lot to do with people migrating and trying to communicate with foreigners, where they had to form some means to communication. Humans developed a lot because of tool making, agriculture, language, trade, and eventually record keeping that formed alphabets. Throughout history we can see that people would integrate and influence foreign cultures and languages, such as how a lot of Spanish contains Arabic words or how religions or Rome, Mongolia, and Greece's expansion influenced languages. Writing and literature also develops language too, such as how Geoffrey Chaucer and Shakespeare changed English which eventually helped evolve into modern English.
Evolution. It's how rugby became American football, how the blues became rock music, and how fish became amphibians. Tiny changes over massive amounts of time.
Walter Cronkite became so famous some foreign country used word Cronkite to mean a news anchor man.
The answer to this is multifaceted. Read The Unfolding of Language by Guy Deutscher, it is a very content rich book and will definitely answer your question :)
People get lazy, they leave letters or words away, so the language is easier to speek, but also not as exact.
Who was the first one translated in many of those language...? I wonder how all-time
This video leaves the impression that Swedish was a major influence on English. In fact, it was the Danes who predominately introduced Danelaw and many of the words used today.
russian and english:
wolf-волк(volk)
night-ночь(noch)
son-сын(syn)
daughter-дочь(doch)
dream-дрёма(dryoma)
water-вода(voda)
milk-молоко(moloko)
gold-золото(zoloto) (g>z)
track-дорога(doroga)
tree-дерево(derevo)
nose-нос(nos)
day-день(den')
cold-холод(holod)
new-нов(nov)
deal-дело (delo)
angle-угол (ugol) (an>u)
Cheak-щека (scheka)
Eyebrow-бровь (brov')
(to) Be-бы(ть) (by(t'))
(to) Sit-сид(еть) (sid(et'))
etc
Yes, indo european.
This is an incredible video and very factually accurate, but I want to add that one of these languages shifts is called "Grimm's Law." Named after it's discoverer Jacob Grimm, more popularly known as one of the two Grimm Brothers (yes, THOSE Grimm brothers) that gave us stories such as Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White and The Snow Queen (aka Frozen.)*
*They did not create these stories, but rather they wrote down a collection of tales from all across Europe that were passed down by word of mouth for thousands of years, and their book is the only reason why we still have them today.
The word "Alcohol" came from *ARABIC*
Alcohol=الكحول
Pronounced *alkuhul*
Many Arabic words start with al, al qaeda, algorithm. I guess al is sorta like the? So maybe alkuhul is al kuhul and kuhul means something?
@@djmuscovy7525
Yeeeah u right, Al.. means The..
"Al"cohol = "The" kuhul
@@achraf9650 arabic is related to older language tho so its possible
@@djmuscovy7525 al-kuhul means something like: ''spirt eat body'', I am from Brazil and i don't know how I can translate that...is origem off the term: ''Ghoul'' too
Arabic is not an Indo-European language though. It belongs to Semitic group.
3:18 lembrei do Frankenstein ali atrás kkkkkk
Mas a aula (legendado pra mim entender, lógico) é boa!
Portuguese?
We don't understand you, sorry.
Kkkkk
pour quelqu'un comme moi parlant le français en tant que langue native, on voit vraiment énormément de mots français ou d'origines française dans l'anglais quand on commence à un peu l'apprendre, on dit toujours que 1/3 de l'anglais vient du français, je me disais qu'il y avait de l'exagération mais en fait pas du tout
In Junior year if high school, I became my English teacher's favorite student because I could tell him why 1066 is important haha. I love history.
But 1066+710 years is also important in history
1776 is not as important as 1066. 1066 is one of the most important years in history.
kagen lim Not on a global scale really....
Depends on the time period I guess.If it's during the war of 1812,then not so much.But if its during the cold war,it is a very important year
kagen lim Still, 1776 would not have happened if William did not conquer England. 1066 affected everything that happened after it.
The "sk" did not shift into "sh". It shifted into "sc" which made the sound that "sh" makes today. Hence, sceold for shield and scypa for ships.
Exactly 😉
OE sceal / E shall = Dan. skal
OE scullan / "to should" =
Dan. at skulle
Er... "C" was used for the sound [k] in Old English (like in Classic Latin), so your comment makes no sense.
@@realneonbluegamer, [sk] written as "sc" hasgradually shifted to modern sounds, that's all
@@realneonbluegamer, Yep!
@@realneonbluegamer I have no idea what are you trying to say with this generic sentence.
It's incorrect to say that "sk" shifted to "sc", because the latter is graphemes for the former (phonemes). The palatalization happened during early Old English period, and the word for "ship" was written "scip" both when it was pronounced /skip/ and, later, /ʃip/.
I liked the Sk/Sh sound example, Is there any book that can teach me better to understand how english is formed and to improve my spelling?
I remember going on a trip to west Virginia when I was like 14, there was a kid there my age I hung out with who was raised there, and a lot of our conversations were him making fun (lightheartedly) of the way I spoke (I'm from upstate NY). Dialects are strong here in the US
I have noticed that some of the "nge" had changed pronounciation to "ch"
For example
Cringe = Crinch
Binge = Binch
Orange = Oranch
And many more.
Not for everyone
Not really maybe some accents? Change is pronounced like chæ_n-j not chanch
Who knows, maybe your grandchildren will talk that way and wonder, why you are spelling it wierd.
So is language, it changes.
This video has covered the whole of my 1st Yr of my UG in Literature in jzt 5 mins🙊🙊
Same 😂
This is such a cool video. I love etymology and language history…
sometimes I wonder if "Shirt" and "Skirt" are somewhat linked, like when I think of clothes from the period I thing Tunics, which look almost like a mash-up of a shirt and a skirt, meaning sleeves like a shirt and a bottom which extends past the knees like skirts today. and the links between SK and SH brought up in the video (2:14).
i wish one day i could see a video explaining the sanskrit language and its derivatives
+prajjwal chaulagain Proto Indo European...
영어가 어디에서 왔는지 알아보는 시간이 되었습니다. 영어를 한개의 언어라고 생각을 했었는데 많은 언어의 조합이라는것을 알게되었습니다. 언어가 어디에서 왔는지 이런 근본적인 생각을 해보는것이 정말 재미있었습니다. 좋은 시간 감사합니다.
저도 한국인인데 유익한 시간 가졌어요. ^^
Valuable linguistic information
🌹🌹
Well good explanation 👍👍👍
Why do so many people emphasize linguistic "purity"? In my opinion, the diversity of English is a strength, not a weakness.
I totally agree! And its a natural shift too
+1!
The problem with such diversity is best illustrated by this poem. Few native speakers of English can read it aloud without making errors in pronunciation. The reason, of course, is that many loan-words (foreign words) are not as know to the average English speaker.
pauillac.inria.fr/~xleroy/stuff/english-pronunciation.html
Another test of how difficult it is to borrow so much from other languages is this:
German > English
freundlich > friendly
Freund > Friend
Freundschaft > Friendship
Freundlichkeit > Friendliness
and now the opposite of the words listed above: you fill in the English words.
feindlich >
Feind > Foe (cognate to Fiend)
Feindschaft >
Feindlichkeit >
hint: the opposites all are borrowed into English from French or Latin.
yarmo28 The issue isn't really with the fact that they were borrowed. The issue is that the men who codified those words were traditionalists who wanted to keep the original spellings, when they should have made the spellings phonetic.
Why mention Swedish? In the times of the Viking "settlements" the Norse tongues were very much alike. It was for some weird reason often called the Danish tongue (màl). It probably originated in present day Sweden (Skåne?). The Jutes may have spoken a somewhat different language (a western Germanic tongue) at the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasions. This complicates things a lot. To this day a (western) Jute may find it possible partially to understand Anglo-Saxon writings, a person from Sjælland can't do that unless he study the tongue.
I think some of the Jutes and Frisians also participated in the invasion.
+teebes2009 The Jutes took part in the first post-roman invasion (though nobody knows for sure if they were a people at that time or a family of chieftains). I've read that the leaders of the combined forces of the Angles and the Saxons were Jutes. Their names, Hengist and Horsa, should mean Stallion and Horse, somewhat odd names. At the times of the Norse plunderings and invasions the Jutes were just a part of the Normans.
We like to believe that the Jutes are direct descendants of the Cimbrians that threatened Rome. This is quite possible. But the Jutes probably have very little to do with the Teutons that joined that expedition. The inhabitans of Thy does not agree with that. They (we) hold barbarians in high esteem!
Under Augustus a Roman expedition sailed around Jutland, no doubt about that. Jutland is named the Cimbrian Peninsula. But various tourist bureaus have claimed that the Romans visited Ringkøbing and Århus (they certainly did not exist at that time). A name is mentioned, the site Raunonia, which may be anywhere. The sea has eaten much land in the last 2000 years.
this is my first video, and it was so good, the video sketch is nice, amazing voice and not to forget it is my first video that made me subscribe
Beautiful video.
There are many words in English that are the same in the Fries Language ( This is Friesland today in North Netherlands and North East Germany) And this is older than the Germanic languages.
you mean north west germany? East Frisia is in the Northwest of germany, im from there and within 30 minutes by car you'd be in the netherlands, add 20 minutes more and you're in Groningen.
I'll bet you have flaxen hair and sky blue eyes?
They are all Germanic languages
Friesland is a cultural area as much or more than a political one. Don't start splitting hairs. Frisian is the closest germanic language to english, just that. Maybe the Frisians who came with other groups had a stronger social effect on what became a common dialect in Southeast England. At any rate all the current languges/dialects have changed and maybe English now influences Fries more than the other way around.
Lol Fries language
Derived from the potato language
English is a great example of what pidgin and creole languages can become if given freedom from stigmatization. Essentially, it derived from the trade that occured on the island between the Germanic dialects and the Scandinavian dialects, languages separated long enough by time to have diverged in phonology and to have innovated new words. Moreover, the Norman Invasion created a social dynamic not unlike those implicated in the development of Caribbean and African creoles. Unfortunately, the human desire for purity causes many people to see Modern Standard Englishes as a single unsullied language. English is still evolving in many amazing ways, such as in the contact situations around Asia (specifically, India, Singapore, and the Philippines). Singapore, for example, has spectacularly combined the Chinese sentence particles into English to great effect. Even in America, the Appalachian and African-American dialects are growing, and even interacting, while at the same time Northern cities are changing the vowel sounds! No language is stagnant, but this fact is too often ignored.
"African American Dialects" It's usually called Ebonics seeing as the former is inaccurate. But in any case, for all intents an purposes it is its own language. Mutual intelligibility is high but grammatically it's quite different from English.
+Grokford I always hear the word Ebonics used in a derogatory tone. Moreover, I don't want to assume that there is purely one single dialect used solely by African Americans. Maybe we should say "African-inspired dialects"--that really does sound objectively clear.
prufrock1977 Ebonics isn't a term used in casual conversation so there isn't much of a stigma against it as far as I know but some people have taken it upon themselves to change it anyways. Most alternate suggestions are inaccurate or just plain condescending and I have to take issue with "African inspired Dialects" because it's more of an offshoot of English than an offshoot of West African languages or a mixed form of them. I would however consider it more of a dialect continuum than a single language so your right about that.
I will definitely concede on my suggestion of nomenclature. I'm more into codeswitching, language contact, and syntax than dialect studies.
prufrock1977 fair enough though I personally would consider Ebonics to be it's own language with a high rate of mutual intelligibility. If an English speaker had never been exposed to it confusion would commence almost immediately because of the differentiations in grammar.
I am trying to learn Norwegian and a blown away by the number of words that are basically the same but pronounced differently....I think old Norsk has had a much larger influence on English than is commonly accepted....either that or both Norwegian and English have not changed much from back when they were both a common Germanic language....However, the fun fact is that for some reason, knowing English I actually found it easier to learn Spanish than Norwegian...don't know why that is- maybe the accents and inflection in spoken Norwegian
Thought I am the only guy on the planet who is trying to learn both Spanish and Norwegian lol
You should to learn dutch, now that you know english, should be a piece of cake
Can they do one on the celtic languages and where they came from?