Inside a HUGE Mushroom Farm that's Disrupting the Produce Market (The Mushroom Show Ep 10)

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 มิ.ย. 2024
  • On this episode of The Mushroom Show, we tour a Small (but huge) gourmet mushroom operation in Los Angeles, California whose is disrupting the produce industry; we discuss the remediation potential that Oyster mushrooms could have on our planet; and we cover a story about yet another Canadian company who has been given the green flag to grow psilocybin mushrooms using a tested-and-true method that was developed by the underground.
    #themushroomshow #freshcapmushrooms #mushroomedu
    0:00 - Introduction
    1:35 - SmallHold Tour
    10:25 - FreshCap Supplements
    11:30 - Oyster Mushrooms Can Eat ANYTHING
    19:28 - More Legal Mushrooms Being Grown in Canada
    MacLeans Article: macleans.ca/society/inside-fi... Butts in
    Australia: www.theguardian.com/australia...
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ความคิดเห็น • 159

  • @alberthall6687
    @alberthall6687 ปีที่แล้ว +132

    I’ve been addicted to heroin for 11 years, but after trying out psilocybin treatment I will be 2 years clean.

    • @JoseLopez-tl3yt
      @JoseLopez-tl3yt ปีที่แล้ว

      I would love to try shrooms, does anyone know where I can source them?

    • @larrydiaz9013
      @larrydiaz9013 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@royperry1165 is he on insta?

    • @colinsmalls6411
      @colinsmalls6411 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Psychedelics definitely have potential to deal with mental health, they really helped me.

    • @ralphadams2433
      @ralphadams2433 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      The trips I’ve been having have really helped me a lot.

    • @alanbaker6311
      @alanbaker6311 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I never had a bad trip with DMT

  • @mikeymakesmaps1849
    @mikeymakesmaps1849 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Wow, incredible show! The algorithm randomly popped this and it's so cool to see. I learned a lot, and was thrilled to hear they are trying to close the loop with vermicompost.

  • @cuznclive2236
    @cuznclive2236 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    I was awestruck with the result by my lack of attention to two bags of blue oyster straw bags (from Build a Soil). Thinking I would use them later to cover beds, I placed them in one of my carboard drying boxes used to cure small runs of cannabis. When I wanted to use the straw to cover/inoculate spring beds, I found a huge clutch growing from the air port.
    Nature finds a way, and the primary problem people seem to have with growing mushrooms is the fear of failure.
    I, literally, did nothing but place the bags in a carboard box that had some venting-ports to provide minimal air exchange... no lights, no nothing, and I'm cooking them with a flank steak tonight!

    • @violettracey
      @violettracey 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Awesome!

  • @jonnymycomushrooms
    @jonnymycomushrooms ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent video Tony! Thanks for the awesome content 👏

  • @linguistbreaker
    @linguistbreaker ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thanks Tony, love your content.
    With wider availability of psylocibes, I think a lot of folks are curious about personal dosing on a more regular and long term basis. I love how you tackle stuff with a combination of personal anecdotes, scientific studies and conversations with interesting folks. Is this a subject you'd be willing to explore in an episode?
    Thanks again and mushlove.

  • @pamelagiannini9015
    @pamelagiannini9015 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    i love your videos, this is the type of content I wanna see get popular 🙌

  • @davidhalldurham
    @davidhalldurham ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Another excellent episode, Tony!!

  • @arman_stoic60
    @arman_stoic60 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing

  • @corygetz8484
    @corygetz8484 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Nature finds a way

  • @mikeljbarham9555
    @mikeljbarham9555 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great ides

  • @dylanmonke1554
    @dylanmonke1554 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Would love to see the culture lab and how they keep vigor going across so many fruiting spaces.
    How often to you cycle your cultures?
    How often to you change the nutrients to keep their culture producing?
    How often do you test new cultures?
    What is your lab schedule like, man?

    • @TheMycophiliac
      @TheMycophiliac 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Probably outsourcing that!

    • @chillcopyrightfreemusic
      @chillcopyrightfreemusic 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I wanna a know too!! Great questions!! 😊

  • @devintheguru
    @devintheguru 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Huzzah! There's hope for Los Angeles! I love this. It's not easy finding oyster, turkeytail, lion's mane, etc, and I've been very interested in hen of the woods. Looks so gorgeous!

  • @adamdavis307
    @adamdavis307 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    freshcap. more like fresh hair cut!

  • @papastoney420
    @papastoney420 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I had no clue until today thank you!

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      Get from ⬆️⬆️🍄🍄, I started my journey with them it has been beautiful ever since(check my name). …

  • @sidbitters8435
    @sidbitters8435 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Interesting stuff! Easier to train mushrooms than train people to take care of cigarette butts.

    • @BaltimoresBerzerker
      @BaltimoresBerzerker ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I've been keeping my butts and disposing them in trash cans for decades. And I've noticed a huge decrease in cigarette filters on the ground between ppl quitting and being more caring. But it's great to hear that folks are problem solving with mycology!

  • @Poppen000
    @Poppen000 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Cool

  • @violettracey
    @violettracey 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Cool!

  • @CandiceDaniels-el6pz
    @CandiceDaniels-el6pz ปีที่แล้ว +6

    There's a lot of potential in psychedelics, I can't wait to try any of them mushroom specifically but it's just so hard to find a reliable source over here, l'll be glad if anyone can be of help

    • @AnthonyJunior-go1kf
      @AnthonyJunior-go1kf ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I've tried a lot and since the first time i tried it, I said "it's a crime against humanity to make psychedelic illegal"

    • @AllenRobert-oe6ox
      @AllenRobert-oe6ox ปีที่แล้ว +4

      [myco_carson]
      (Got psychs:)

    • @AllenRobert-oe6ox
      @AllenRobert-oe6ox ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ​@@CandiceDaniels-el6pz YES.He's got shrooms, lsd, magic mushrooms, chocolate bar, dmt and other psychedelics products.

    • @NoraWillams-nh9lo
      @NoraWillams-nh9lo ปีที่แล้ว

      The Trips I've been having have really helped me a lot,I finally feel in control of my emotions and my future

    • @CandiceDaniels-el6pz
      @CandiceDaniels-el6pz ปีที่แล้ว

      @@AllenRobert-oe6ox thanks I'll order some

  • @ShaneCarrigan
    @ShaneCarrigan ปีที่แล้ว

    I very much agree with Bill! talk about your products friend!

  • @oscarmarcos7711
    @oscarmarcos7711 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Mushrush!

  • @nickbonsavage2586
    @nickbonsavage2586 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    i saw a few video titles and articles in the past that said "mushrooms can save the world" or along those lines, but never thought much about it, glad you kind of went over how mushrooms could be applied in more ways than just being something we eat. I would have never thought of that had you not. Nor would i have ever clicked on those videos/articles. now i just might lol

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      ~👆👆~Mushrooms are a blessing to mankind, I know a colleague of mine who was having intense depression, anxiety and anger issues until he started microdosing shrooms.hit him up my handle above for guidance and shipping …

    • @TheMycophiliac
      @TheMycophiliac 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Not to mention Beta glucans, polysaccharides, betulinic acid, fighting cancer, HIV, and the beetus!!
      Mushrooms can save the world in so many ways!

  • @JoeRodrig8
    @JoeRodrig8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Psilocybin, LSD, shrooms and ketamine are absolutely life changing substances that have so much potential to help people with mental health issues.

  • @diegocastaneda4325
    @diegocastaneda4325 ปีที่แล้ว

    So damn cool!!

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      ~👆~The handle on my name got psychedelics, he’ll help you with guide and purchase.

  • @Enochulate88
    @Enochulate88 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Spreading the spores ... Aka g2g

  • @mushroomsarethefuture
    @mushroomsarethefuture 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Mushrooms are the future.

  • @HiTechFX
    @HiTechFX ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome! consumable Organic garbage disposals.

  • @BarackObamaJedi
    @BarackObamaJedi 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    "You can't just inoculate the giant plastic island, it would take too long" have you tried breaking and shaking?

  • @1Kent
    @1Kent ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Gotta feed the algorithm beastie 😀👍

    • @FreshCapMushrooms
      @FreshCapMushrooms  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      LOL, thank you!

    • @Subs1338
      @Subs1338 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@FreshCapMushrooms Why dont you delete these comments from bots pretending to sell psychedelics?

  • @philtate7740
    @philtate7740 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I live in UK...theres isn't a great choice in our supermarkets..in fact its only really Tesco that makes an effort .. ive had shitaki, oyster and portobello mushrooms alongside the UK staples as the button and chestnut varieties..
    Any other varieties have to be mail ordered and are therefore expensive

  • @ram3n890
    @ram3n890 ปีที่แล้ว

    damn got to get in on this

    • @elijahdick4405
      @elijahdick4405 ปีที่แล้ว

      @benjidelics online store is where I order my shrooms kits and spores from if you're looking to get some

    • @elijahdick4405
      @elijahdick4405 ปีที่แล้ว

      On

  • @Mercymary1
    @Mercymary1 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where did you get those mushroom grow bottles you use? I'm trying to find one with filters but I can't

  • @tytythecomic
    @tytythecomic ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great ep!

  • @funnyzenverse
    @funnyzenverse ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Despite their claims Freshcap is not testing their products for safety or potency for some reason. They used to source from Nammex and had a good reputation, but now they decided to cut costs and straight away the quality drops. Too bad.

  • @sapbucry
    @sapbucry ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I wonder if with mycoremediation and scale we just haven't put enough money and research to make them scale rather then it just does not work ...

  • @DivorceSourceRadio
    @DivorceSourceRadio หลายเดือนก่อน

    Which is better for health? Turkey Tail mushroom extract from fruiting body or Turkey Tail mycelium supplements?

  • @DirtDigglerDetecting
    @DirtDigglerDetecting ปีที่แล้ว

    Cool thing is to take the Process the Mushy uses to eat the plastic and reengineer it into our own system.

  • @coloradodirtbike5930
    @coloradodirtbike5930 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hey I was on your site and it said something like "you can load six 5lb blocks in a presto 23 qt canner"... can you link me a video or page from your site showing how that's done? Max I can fit is 3 I really want to see how you get 6

  • @DirtDigglerDetecting
    @DirtDigglerDetecting ปีที่แล้ว

    I seen something long time ago. The Plastic eating one.

  • @ScottWConvid19
    @ScottWConvid19 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Where are you located? Have you got a video tour of FreshCap Mushrooms?

  • @ShaneNull
    @ShaneNull 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    local!

  • @ytrebiLeurT
    @ytrebiLeurT ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I wonder if the fungi can also improve soils contaminated with depleted uranium...

    • @MrEiht
      @MrEiht ปีที่แล้ว +1

      They automatically do this because they disperse the radiation. You might want to check your science though. The radiation YOU should be scared of comes from material with a short half life. So these materials vanish quickly by definition - no shoom needed.
      But in general some shrooms and ganja plants do wonders.

    • @Moldugas
      @Moldugas ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I believe so. Paul Stamets talks about Japan needing to plant a nuclear Forrest where Fukushima happened. Plant some kind of mushroom that feeds off of radioactive material and after a few centuries it might be habitable.

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      ~👆👆~Mushrooms are a blessing to mankind, I know a colleague of mine who was having intense depression, anxiety and anger issues until he started microdosing shrooms.hit him up my handle above for guidance and shipping …

  • @RichardColwell1
    @RichardColwell1 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    7:54 who were the two people he named?

  • @davidwren1879
    @davidwren1879 ปีที่แล้ว

    Are the oyster mushrooms safe to eat when grown in oil?

  • @ajmalshah-ec5yb
    @ajmalshah-ec5yb ปีที่แล้ว

    What's up Tony

  • @dilsaliosatos8797
    @dilsaliosatos8797 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yes I want grow

    • @janepate
      @janepate ปีที่แล้ว

      Get your mushroom grow kits and good spores from Charlesmyco he's a mycologist.

  • @jimmybrokos4610
    @jimmybrokos4610 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    👍👍👍

  • @brandontrinh8287
    @brandontrinh8287 ปีที่แล้ว

    ❤❤❤

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      ~👆~The handle on my name got psychedelics, he’ll help you with guide and purchase.

  • @paul.phillips
    @paul.phillips ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm not far from there, or the Anaheim Convention Center, and I've never heard of them. Interesting!

  • @marcuspoe9353
    @marcuspoe9353 ปีที่แล้ว

    damn what a facility, and great idea to have in store! i`m in cornbilly indiana, i love my place, but way too small in towns around for them to carry much diversity. i want to grow myself and have bought from you before but dont feel i have the set-up to grow even for my table cause i`m not sure i have good climate controls to satisfy the needs of the spawn to be successful even for my plate. great vid! guess thats where being a city dweller is an advantage :)

  • @xXWillyxWonkaXx
    @xXWillyxWonkaXx ปีที่แล้ว

    Hypothetically, can oyster mushroom be “trained” to devour PFAs in the human body?

  • @ForestHensley
    @ForestHensley 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Monotub-tech all the way to the moon! lol

  • @ajmalshah-ec5yb
    @ajmalshah-ec5yb ปีที่แล้ว

    Are you graduate fungi biologist Mr toney.?

  • @nathanvreeland8761
    @nathanvreeland8761 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What is better for a supplement, the fruiting body, or the mycelium?

    • @lacroswolf
      @lacroswolf ปีที่แล้ว

      You can ge TT from an online store

    • @lacroswolf
      @lacroswolf ปีที่แล้ว

      Visit

    • @lacroswolf
      @lacroswolf ปีที่แล้ว

      mcclendontripz.....

    • @lacroswolf
      @lacroswolf ปีที่แล้ว

      //mcclendontripz//

    • @lacroswolf
      @lacroswolf ปีที่แล้ว

      on ig~

  • @rexawrex4947
    @rexawrex4947 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Very curious if the mushrooms grown from toxins can be eaten!

    • @ScottWConvid19
      @ScottWConvid19 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      It depends on the mushrooms and the toxins. One cool thing about mycelium is its ability to dismantle some chemical molecules. That's an interesting arena of study I haven't dove very deep into, but it's nearly impossible to buy some products on the market (like soy hulls, etc) that aren't contaminated with toxic compounds. We're living in a toxic society in every way.

    • @_simmac_
      @_simmac_ ปีที่แล้ว +5

      depending on the toxin, probably yes. Oyster mushrooms grown on coffee grounds also contain no caffeine for example

    • @ASMRGRATITUDE
      @ASMRGRATITUDE ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Yes. Like ever body Said: depends on toxins.
      Bad to eat mushrooms picked near the road due to leaded gasoline which is something of the past but is still in the soil.

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      ~👆👆~Mushrooms are a blessing to mankind, I know a colleague of mine who was having intense depression, anxiety and anger issues until he started microdosing shrooms.hit him up my handle above for guidance and shipping …

    • @angierox6964
      @angierox6964 ปีที่แล้ว

      I’m relatively new to the science of mushrooms, but I’ve only just associated the Oyster mushrooms and Ocean mushrooms and their similar role of cleaning their environment.

  • @michel3876
    @michel3876 ปีที่แล้ว

    How are mushrooms trained to eat plastic? Because for the mushroom to make new enzymes capable of breaking new chemical bobds like you said you would need to change its DNA. So did the researches enforce evolution? Or were they only trained to be resistant for the toxins inside the plastic waste?

  • @marcuspoe9353
    @marcuspoe9353 ปีที่แล้ว

    ok got to the 6 min mark :) , guess i`ll be just buying ready to eat from the store.

  • @Enochulate88
    @Enochulate88 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Its just colonizing some jars and adding it to grain bags.. it's not hard what so ever

    • @Enochulate88
      @Enochulate88 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Spending money on the fruiting and work space.. that's what's challenging

  • @greenyblue_bullet
    @greenyblue_bullet ปีที่แล้ว

    Does anyone know where to find anything on the paul stamens two island experiment I'm having a hard time finding anything on it?

    • @lacroswolf
      @lacroswolf ปีที่แล้ว

      You can ge t from an on line stor

    • @lacroswolf
      @lacroswolf ปีที่แล้ว

      visit

    • @lacroswolf
      @lacroswolf ปีที่แล้ว

      mcclendontripz....

    • @Reverendoctor
      @Reverendoctor ปีที่แล้ว

      Check out his book Mycelium Running

    • @greenyblue_bullet
      @greenyblue_bullet ปีที่แล้ว

      @@Reverendoctor thank you

  • @MrEiht
    @MrEiht ปีที่แล้ว +5

    By any means necessary...mushrooms HAVE TO thrive so we survive.
    My Lion`s Mane clone army is trained in Krav Maga and dual wielding Nodachi - contamination is just a victim, food.

    • @Poppen000
      @Poppen000 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Word

  • @mycologycorner
    @mycologycorner ปีที่แล้ว

    I trained CUBENSiS to decompose master mix. I have them
    Growing on a gourmet mushroom infrastructure

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      ~👆~The handle on my name got psychedelics, he’ll help you with guide and purchase.

    • @coloradodirtbike5930
      @coloradodirtbike5930 ปีที่แล้ว

      So your growing cubes on hardwood and soy pellets?

  • @jebatialah
    @jebatialah ปีที่แล้ว

    10/10 :)

  • @uhitsethan
    @uhitsethan ปีที่แล้ว

    "bringing X to the world" does not mix well with "proprietary"

  • @kazoopate
    @kazoopate ปีที่แล้ว

    Is a mushroom grown on oil or plastic safe to eat or compost for garden food?

    • @johnjingleheimersmith9259
      @johnjingleheimersmith9259 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Probably not cigarette butts. I would think heavy metals would be a concern.

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      ~👆~The handle on my name got psychedelics, he’ll help you with guide and purchase.

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      Get from ⬆️⬆️🍄🍄, I started my journey with them it has been beautiful ever since(check my name). …

  • @BobMonty99
    @BobMonty99 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I keep tarantulas on racks . This idea with mushrooms everything has to be spotless is absolute rubbish ? I can use oil from my conservatory or Coco fibre put it on to Spider. Thanks six weeks later with steel stagnant water mushrooms pop up . And I get
    Button, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and even Psilocybe in magic mushrooms. I do live in Dorset south England

  • @basnicoll
    @basnicoll ปีที่แล้ว

    Jes can jou lurn the muschrooms eat monney that wil solve allot problems 😂

  • @papastoney420
    @papastoney420 ปีที่แล้ว

    I feel horrible for people allergic to mushrooms they have nothing to help them.

    • @user-js9st1io6r
      @user-js9st1io6r ปีที่แล้ว

      ~👆👆~Mushrooms are a blessing to mankind, I know a colleague of mine who was having intense depression, anxiety and anger issues until he started microdosing shrooms.hit him up my handle above for guidance and shipping …

  • @nackedgrils9302
    @nackedgrils9302 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm also very curious to see what's in store for the decriminalization of Psilocybin in Canada. My guess is that it'll only be approved for therapy sessions with credited therapists and the fact that they require a specific dose (50mg, I believe) in order to induce a mystical experience tells me that they won't bother with mushrooms because there's too much variability in their psilocybin content. That and the fact that psilocybin-producing yeasts have already been engineered, making the whole production process faster but also much more expensive and probably patentable is the last nail in the coffin.
    Also, seeing how badly the Cannabis ''decriminalization'' was handled in Canada, I don't really have any hope for mushrooms. There are still provinces where you can't grow your own personal cannabis which doesn't make sense to me when it's perfectly ok to be growing your tobacco or even to ferment your own booze (let's be honest, there are many more things that can go wrong during a fermentation compared to when growing a plant). If it really were legal, anyone could be growing it and even sell it but that's not the case at all.
    At least, I believe that we still have some law to protect ''Compassion Health Providers'' or something and that's why we had cannabis dispensaries during prohibition and now have psychedelic dispensaries but I don't see the day when any of us will be able to financially profit from this legally.

  • @izokm3575
    @izokm3575 ปีที่แล้ว

    FreshCap Mushrooms, you are extremely sweet

  • @mickmac7911
    @mickmac7911 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I like your videos man, maybe because I like mushrooms.... but I have noticed your old news ... everything you talk about I learned a long time ago...and I'm just a pothead farm laborer 🙃 The Mushroom show id imagine would be front line cutting edge information and research... anyway just saying 🤙 peace out man

  • @zdogbigisland8012
    @zdogbigisland8012 ปีที่แล้ว

    dont ever pile oil rags into a 5 gallon bucket!!!!!!!! ! ! ! !

  • @bradzimmer239
    @bradzimmer239 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sadly, the Canadian government will ruin this industry via regulation like it has with the Marijuana industry. The Marijuana is not only low grade, but the plastic packaging that contains it is an embarrassment given that we are trying to eliminate plastic waste. They also restricted who could grow it, and although some of best Marijuana comes from BC, they chose growers from Ontario as a main supplier. (Surpirse surpirse) Ironic that something is only legalized when there's an opportunity for it to become taxed. PS: had to laugh watching scientists wearing lab coats growing mushrooms.

  • @spazzypotato8325
    @spazzypotato8325 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wish they would move away from the citys

  • @a.l.8618
    @a.l.8618 ปีที่แล้ว

    it would be great if you could visit the company that uses the Korean bottling system in Ontario.

  • @ajmalshah-ec5yb
    @ajmalshah-ec5yb ปีที่แล้ว

    Brain Boosters.?

  • @hoodyk7342
    @hoodyk7342 ปีที่แล้ว

    Mush fun but do not be like one of these crazy people who gets blindfolded and has someone rub their hands and they arnt alowed to move for hours. That sht is fked. And dont be a everyday microdoser (adict) just do some with people you know in places your familiar with, eat smell and touch some stuff.

    • @kylefrench8722
      @kylefrench8722 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      lol there’s literally a ton of researched benefits to support microdosing and the use of blindfolds while using mushrooms therapeutically.

  • @xxMattyIcexx
    @xxMattyIcexx 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    BIOREMEDIATON. It literally was half your episode and is a basic part of soil science which is a huge part of the soil. It's a scientific term... Please, if you're going to talk about these things, educate further. If you are ever going to talk about this subject inform yourself so that people know the actual vocabulary if they want to look it all up.