Transcription initiation in prokaryotes | prokaryotic transcription lecture 2
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 พ.ค. 2015
- Transcription initiation in prokaryotes - This lecture explains about the prokaryotic transcription initiation. The nucleotide pair within the DNA double helix that corresponds to the web page from which the first 5' mRNA nucleotide is transcribed is referred to as the +1 website online, or the initiation website. Nucleotides preceding the initiation site are given poor numbers and are exact upstream. Conversely, nucleotides following the initiation site are denoted with "+" numbering and are referred to as downstream nucleotides.
A promoter is a DNA sequence onto which the transcription machinery binds and initiates transcription. Mostly, promoters exist upstream of the genes they regulate. The targeted sequence of a promoter is very important when you consider that it determines whether the corresponding gene is transcribed at all times, one of the crucial time, or sometimes. Although promoters differ among prokaryotic genomes, just a few elements are conserved. At the -10 and -35 regions upstream of the initiation website, there are two promoter consensus sequences, or areas which are an identical throughout all promoters and throughout various bacterial species. The -10 consensus sequence, called the -10 region, is TATAAT. The -35 sequence, TTGACA, is famous and certain through σ. Once this interaction is made, the subunits of the core enzyme bind to the website online. The A-T-rich -10 neighborhood facilitates unwinding of the DNA template; a few phosphodiester bonds are made. The transcription initiation section ends with the creation of abortive transcripts that are polymers of roughly 10 nucleotides which are made and released.
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Sir, I actually read somewhere that the abortive initiation occurs while the sigma factor is still attached to the RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase in the open promoter complex starts transcribing the DNA but is unable to move forward due to the attachment of sigma factor to it thus releasing the short synthesised mRNAs. This synthesis and release of several short mRNAs produce optimum energy for the release of the sigma factor and RNA polymerase can finally move forward. The time for which sigma factor stays attached to the RNA polymerase is called PCT (Promoter Clearance Time) which is usually 2secs to 2mins in prokaryotes.
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Prokaryotic transcription or Eukaryotic transcription
Pribnow box or TATA box
RNA Polymerase or RNA pol II
Signa factor or sigma absent.
If it is prokaryotic transcription
No TATA box
No RNA pol II
If it is Eukaryotic,
Yes to TATA box
Yes to RNA polymerase II
No to sigma factor
Yes, you're totally right... Well, do you know which one of Sigma factor and RNA polimarase II binds to promoter first? I already reads some books that explained that sigma factor is binds first to the promoter then give a signal to RNA polimerase to bind in.. But in some animation video it explained that sigma factor binds to the RNA polimerase II then form a complex enzim then atack the promoter to start inisiation process... Which one is right?
@@janme936 I think the video amination is right because the RNA polymerase enzyme has to be activated before it is able to perform in its active state. it is more regulated this way and make more sense. also some textbooks explains like this
And in eukaryotes there is RNA pol. ||| not || which is used to transcription initiation or elongation......pol. || is only work when pol. ||| isnt working or absent eventually.
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There is no 0 site in template strand,the start site is known as +1 site,from where the transcription starts and moves toward downstream region.
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Actually Sigma factor contain some structural motifs that binds to -35 box. The structural motif is Helix-turn-Helix.
Another portion of Sigma factor( Actually Sigma 70) binds to -10 box through a specific alpha helix. This helix contain some Hydrophobic Amino acids and the Hydrophobic side chains facilitates melting of DNA at -10 box by creating Hydrophobic interactions with Nitrogenous bases of -10 box.
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in prokaryotes TATAAT sequence is called Pribnow box which is 10 base pairs upstream from the starting site of mrna synthesis. but in eukaryotes same sequence is noun as HOGNESS box which is 25 base pairs upstream from the the site of mrna synthesis
Praveen Dath not mrna it's upstream of dna
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Thank you so much...I found it really hard to understand the initiation process..and you explained so well so thank you
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one question is that the bases which is present between the promoter and initiation site are transcript ?????
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There is nothing called “0” the start point is at +1 position. (From Lewin gene)
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where does the ternary complex specifically formed? is it after the promoter region? at the start site itself? or after the start site? thank you
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The sigma factor is released in E. coli due to abortive initiation, as scrunching occurs, energy is made and it causes it to be released from the core enzyme. Not sure if this is the same in other proks and euks
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there is two question i want to ask regarding amino acid and nucleic acid
Q1. the rise and pitch of B-DNA are 0.33 nm and 3.40 nm, respectively. about hoe many helical turns are there in a fragment of 1 mm in length ?
Q2. lysine is an amino acid with three ionizable groups. these are the alpha COOH amino acid and nita amino groups with pKa values of 2.2, 9.2 and 10.8 respectively. the isoelectric point (pI) gor lysine is:
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TATAAT is in prokaryote and TATA in eukaryote. it differs in distance in nucleotides from the start point..like in prokaryote -10 sequence has the consensus TATAAT also known as pribnow box...and -30 is for TATA in eukaryote also called as TATA box
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In a book i have found close complex forms before open complex..Bt here it is opposite...RNA pol should remain attached beyond or downstream of initiation site to start elongation..confused
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