Lac Operon & Gene Regulation Made Easy - Best Explanation
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 ธ.ค. 2019
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The lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available through the activity of beta-galactosidase.
Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes for this reason. This lactose metabolism system was used by François Jacob and Jacques Monod to determine how a biological cell knows which enzyme to synthesize. Their work on the lac operon won them the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1965.
E. coli encounters many different sugars in its environment. These sugars, such as lactose and glucose, require different enzymes for their metabolism. Three of the enzymes for lactose metabolism are grouped in the lac operon: lacZ, lacY, and lacA (Figure 12.2). LacZ encodes an enzyme called β-galactosidase, which digests lactose into its two constituent sugars: glucose and galactose. lacY is a permease that helps to transfer lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA is a trans-acetylase; the relevance of which in lactose metabolism is not entirely clear. Transcription of the lac operon normally occurs only when lactose is available for it to digest. Presumably, this avoids wasting energy in the synthesis of enzymes for which no substrate is present. A single mRNA transcript includes all three enzyme-coding sequences and is called polycistronic. A cistron is equivalent to a gene.
A second aspect of lac operon regulation is conferred by a trans-factor called cAMP binding protein (CAP, Figure 12.5). CAP is another example of an allosterically regulated trans-factor. Only when the CAP protein is bound to cAMP can another part of the protein bind to a specific cis-element within the lac promoter called the CAP binding sequence (CBS). CBS is located very close to the promoter (P). When CAP is bound to at CBS, RNA polymerase is better able to bind to the promoter and initiate transcription. Thus, the presence of cAMP ultimately leads to a further increase in lac operon transcription.
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Here are some notes too.
th-cam.com/video/YSvoid3wjbc_/w-d-xo.html_THE_LAC_OPERON
S sir of course we know all of u r efforts 😇 we always... Support u and ur vedios we all encourage u for still more vedios 😇 tq for all u r vedios.... 🥰
Watching this, I realized the concept isn't even difficult. The textbooks and useless teachers make it hard. Thanks for making this understandable and logical! So happy I found your video.
Frrr the textbooks almost made me memorize the stuff without really knowing what is what... now I feel like I've aced the topic😌
Here are some notes too.
th-cam.com/video/YSvoid3wjbc_/w-d-xo.html_THE_LAC_OPERON
Yeah. I can even make it simpler
Ss
Hi
This was actually the best explanation!!!
Thank you
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toughest topic for neet aspirants
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This video 100% deserves my like and a comment. An incredible amount of valuable details, and it is so easy to follow along when you have some knowledge of the topic. Best 25 minutes spent on ever! Four hours in class did not provide 1% of what this video gave me! Amazing job! Thank you so much for doing that.
Well done. This is a wonderful breakdown of this topic. I love the way you linked the concepts together. You did a wonderful job. Thumbs up.
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This is truly the BEST EXPLAINATION of Lac Operon . Good quality of audio and video and simple and easy.
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Extraordinarily Excellent Presentation and explanation on the topic of Lac Operon. The best ever detailed description of the concept with amazing animations. Well done. Expecting more videos on AP Biology topics.
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That was a very helpful explanation of the lac operon and how it works, thank you! The visuals and analogies helped too.
i read the text for 6 times and didnt get the concept. u made it so easy to understand and learn. thank you!!
I had so many misconceptions and concepts that I previously did not understand fully but after watching this video all concepts are crystal clear now.
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Learned more in a 20 minute video than a 50 slide lecture. Thank you very much
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The best explanation of this topic in TH-cam. Thumbs up for the immense effort. The two mistakes I found was that
1. You once said DNA polymerase in place of RNA polymerase.
2.The I gene stands for inhibitor, and not, as you said, "inducer". The substrate of the enzyme beta-galactosidase, i.e.lactose or allolactose is the inducer.
Feels glad and satisfaction when I learned facts with proper understanding. Gratitude from a plus 2 student👍
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This was so helpful, thank you! I was so confused by the way my textbook broke this down!!
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A very big thank you as my teacher just reads and completes topic.
Thank you very much again.
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thank you 😊
Studying STPM in Malaysia and was super confused but this idea did great to help me understand. Thank you so much!
Superb duperb lecture ever on lac operon....fantastic animation with highly detailed information...simply awesome...❣️❣️❣️....and ya..hats off to the hard work...required in the completion and giving it an perfect final touch...mindblowing bro...👏👏❣️❣️❤️❤️💯
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Really good explanation, thank you so much 🧡
thank you! this was very clear and helpful. No part was confusing. Loved the relation of the letter B to promoter and polymerase .
I am so glad i was able to help. Thank you so much for appreciating
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Expect more on genetics and genetic engineering.
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Thanks a lot for this video...!! It cleared all of my doubts and made a clear picture Lac Operon and Gene Regulation!! I loved the how it explained everything with those cartoon images..!! Thanks a lot!!
I read many books about this
But I didn't even understood a single word. After watching this video I got to know each and everything clearly
Thank you so much sir 😊
this is just amazing. had trouble understanding the concept in class and from the book but merging this with the power slides I have gives me perfect understanding.thank you very much sir.
12:30
The function of beta galactosidetransacetylase is that it activates the enzyme beta galactosidase.
Great work man . Had real fun
Thank you so much... really enjoyed all the animations.. best explanation indeed in a simple and easy way..
Extremely helpful video! Thank you so much!
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Explanation was amazing and very clear
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Fantastic explanation and damn superb animation hats off .,thank you for your hardwork
Beautifully explained.
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Im really enjoy this video,thank you!!
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Everything is finely defined and explain. 🙌🏻❤️
Thanks for making such amazing videos they help us a lot
Thank you Sir!!!!!It helped a lot :) .... I appreciate your work ,it must be taking so much of time.