A perfect example of how just the music in a song can drive me to tears every time I hear those painfully beautiful chords and melodies... Thanks for watching! 🥰
Being a lad from the North East of England to succeed in the music business you have to move to London. That compromise is what his Mother is warning him about. Don't sacrifice yourself for fame! First saw Chris as the support for Eric Clapton at the NEC in Birmingham and have been a fan ever since. He always said Mark Knopfler (from Dire Straits and another North East lad) made the breakthrough and showed him a path to go down. Chris plays a combination of straight Electric and slide on a Fender Strat.
1989, but how relevant are those chilling lyrics about the ‘road to hell’. 34 yrs on & still grappling with the even more dire reality of hedonism, greed & catastrophic climate change. A genius before his time. 🙋🏻♀️🇦🇺
SO glad you checked out Chris Rea. He is a phenomenal artist! He is the one playing slide guitar, like none other I might add. It's interesting that you pegged the pop rock / blues sound. Chris did start off as a pop rock musician, and he had some really great songs. But, as he evolved, his voice became more raspy and his guitar more impassioned. Something about his sound is right up my alley.
You were one of a couple who led me to him (you started the conversation), so thank YOU! Can't wait to hear more, already have a decent list going after today and your suggestions a little while back...
@@retroreactions.... Based on a lot of your reviews I felt we have similar taste in music. It made me feel you might enjoy checking out Chris Rea. Glad you enjoyed what you heard!
Slide guitar is my fave, and Chris’ work here is great! Just curious: Are you familiar with the song The Bluest Blues by Alvin Lee? One of my favorites…and George Harrison does a slide solo on it. Gorgeous.
I have played Part 2 on repeat many times over the years. It is one of those songs that as soon as it finishes you want to hear it again straight away. However, I've never heard Part 1. What a revelation! What a fantastic, moody introduction. And I will always listen to these together from now on thanks to you! As ever, you articulated absolutely everything I loved about these two parts. Thanks so much!
@@retroreactions.... By the way Brandon, you have been going for six months on your time travelling musical journey. I wonder if you would do a video setting out your favourite artists and songs that you have featured here and why. Any such lists are always subject to change. You could put your top three or five artists in no particular order. Or you could really nail your colours to the mast and rank them #1, #2 & #3. Or you could do a top three for the three decades you cover. It is all for fun and would cause some lively debate from us, lol. 🙃
Someone else suggested that. I really should, may be a big task with over 220 videos already! I also found a list online of the cheesiest songs of all time or something. I thought of doing a video going through the list to give my opinion. Would you watch something like that or no?
Gracias, gracias, gracias, por tu reacción, Chris es mi mega ídolo, llevo ya mas de 3⃣ años escuchando su amplio reoertorio musical, y es INCREIBLE, él es un hombre muy sensillo, pero mega talentoso, porfavor escucha mas de su música, te seguiras sorprendiendo, aun en su etapa de Bluesman, es tambien increible, me encantarin todos tus comentarios , examinando esta mega canción, gracias mil gracias, esperando pongas mucha de su música, te aseguro que no te arrepentiras ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
@retroreactions.... the title track is excellent, and I particularly enjoy both 'Set Me Free' and 'Looking for the Summer'. The whole album is filled with mellow, listenable tunes; so you'll not go far wrong, whichever you choose.
This song for me was a hit on the whole 'young upwardly-mobile professional' greed aspect of the 80s, aka Yuppies. Greed, waste, and uncaring. "This ain't no upwardly-mobile freeway, this is the road to hell". Great song, great album. Heavy Dire Straits vibes - another one of my favorite bands. Check out "You Must be Evil" from this same album. And or "Once Upon a Time in the West" by Dire Straits. You'll surely hear the similarities.
Another big WOW! I love Chris Rea ❤. I don’t know why I’ve never thought of suggesting him. I’ve listened to him for probably more than 30 years. I’ve never seen him live, mainly because he never toured in the US. I bet he would be great in concert. I love his slide guitar playing. This is one of my top favorites of his. A couple others I really like are “Texas” and “Working On It”. I know you’d like these two as much as I do. It seems, Head East, that we’re seeing a lot of new artists, Head East, this week. I’m not, Head East, trying to influence you or anything. Lol. Just keep ‘em coming my friend.
Guess I have to start memorizing new usernames, as this change seems permanent and widespread at this point ugh...Glad you know and love Chris, Dale. Will add those to the list! No more new artists this week, but you're gonna be happy later on I predict...😊 For some reason I suddenly feel like heading east for the summer....??? Me and my buddy Jeff might Air B & B in town, or maybe camp by the creek.....????? 🤔🤣
Yeah… at first thought that the username change was unique to me, but obviously not. Regular crew members just need to keep you in the loop when their username changes. You know I’ll keep pestering you pretty much on the daily!! Lol
Down here in Austin, as we near the end of what passes of winter, you can count on radio stations playing Chris Rea's 'Texas' as we prepare for those warm winds on those roads that go on forever.
Hey Brandon so glad you decided to do Chris Rea. He produced some brilliant power pop in the last 70s and 80s. This was a great driving beat of a song with a terrific build up. He had some great songs in the 70s notably Fool If You Think Its Over which became a huge hit for Elkie Brooks. He also had some brilliant albums in the 80s, especially Wired To The Moon, which had some killer tracks on it. Other great songs he had were Josephine, I Can Feel Your Heart Beat, Windy Town and I Don't Know What It Is But I Love It, Girl In A Sports Car, and his massive Xmas hit Driving Home For Christmas, which is constantly on the radio during the Festive Season. Look forward to you doing some more Chris!, and yes Chris plays his famous red strat and is a great musician.
@@retroreactions.... I left London 23 years go, but lived and worked there all my life. I finally had enough of London life and took myself, cats and 7 year old daughter to the Far East coast of England. She turned 30 last week. She's a country girl now but with a gypsy traveller's heart. TMI Sorry! But the roads out of London man, they suck.
The album "The Road To Hell" (1989) = A masterpiece. I picked it up when it came out and have been listening to it regularly ever since. The voice and guitar blues of CHRIS REA, his compositions chiseled with perfectionism, lyrics that project a thousand images of a free spirit (on the road) in search of answers to the fundamental questions of existence (to listen to the overwhelming song : "Tell Me There's A Heaven"). Alas Rea will commit, in 1999, an album "The Road To Hell, Part 2" which will be totally missed. Wanting to surf on the success of the first album, he tried to do it again... he screwed up. It was the album too many. The unique is not repeated, perfection (in the same form and the same substance) is never equal. Thank you, Mr. Brandon.
Had the pleasure of seeingChris live a few times and he’s had a few hitS in the uk over the years. He is an outstanding guitar player, composer and a fantastic voice. 8:59
Welcome to Chris Rea. Parts 1&2 make up a great song and are the highlight of a very good album. As others have mentioned, from the same album, Texas is a good one, as is You Must Be Evil. The album Auberge is worth checking out, as is one of my favorite albums of his, his 1981 self titled album Chris Rea, which has the standout track "Do You Still Dream." He has so many good songs.....Enjoy the journey.
@@retroreactions....this song is one of those where the video is on point. Your backdrop is well picked. If you want more music with feeling 1/ Dire Straits “Brother in Arms” official video, very touching 2/ Van Morrisson, “Have I told you Lately that I Love you” “Someone like you” 3/ Gary Moore “Still got the Blues” “Parisienne Walkways” “The Messiah Will Come Again” “The Loner” “In my Dreams” best if you get the later live versions in good quality, few speak guitar feelings as Gary Moore 4/ The Waterboys “The whole of the Moon” “This is the Sea”, “Fisherman Blues” “ The Pan Within” “A Pagan Place” “Bring Em all in” 5/ Roxy Music “More than This” , “Avalon” “Love is the Drug” “Jealous Guy” 6/ David Bowie “Heroes” “Space Oddity”, “Ashes to Ashes”, Ziggy Stardust” “Suffragette City” “Let’s Dance” “Life on Mars” “ Young Americans” “Fame” “Oh you Pretty Thing” “Rebel Rebel”
Chris is a great character who loves to pop an egg in his bath. Bob Mortimer: "Following advice from Chris Rea, I always crack an egg into my bath." - Would I Lie to You? Series 12 Episode 1.
No idea who Chris Rea was before I heard this. This was good but it definitely has more than a passing resemblance to Dire Straits and Mark Knopfler’s brilliant vocals and guitar work. His guitar is legendary and they band is worth diving into on your channel Brandon. 💛
Brandon, my young brother! I hope you have an ample supply of carrots, because this is yet another rabbit hole you just entered! Chris’ discography is phenomenal. Some have already listed songs like Texas, I Can Hear Your Heartbeat, Auberge and You Must Be Evil. I will add On the Beach extended version, Your Warm and Tender Love, I Just Wanna Be With You, Josephine, All Summer Long, Steel River, Shamrock Diaries and Driving Home for Christmas for starters. Enjoy this magic carpet ride! 🤟🏽🤟🏽
Hello! Yup, and I think I'm starting to grow whiskers and a tail LOL...Thanks for the suggestions/guidance and for watching. Not sure if I know you, since TH-cam decided to get rid of everyone's usernames... ☹
It's just so confusing, because TH-cam took away everyone's usernames, so it's gonna be a nightmare not knowing who's who anymore....Really appreciate your support!!
Hi again Brandon can I suggest a song to react to it's by Mike Rutherford the song is Smallcreep's Day suite 24mins of brilliance synth & drums especially
Hello. I'll have to explore DS eventually. Well, not a red clothing person, so my only red shirt is def the choice if I ever go back on the road to hell LOL...if I ever wear green though, feel free to hit the dislike 🤣🤣
@@retroreactions.... Caution, Mark Knopfler of Dire Straits is for my money the greatest guitarist this side of David Gilmour. When I first heard Chris Rhea back in the 80s, and the twang of that guitar, I thought it *was* Dire Straits. Chris is good but he doesn't really come close. DS was one of the biggest bands of the 80s.
A perfect example of how just the music in a song can drive me to tears every time I hear those painfully beautiful chords and melodies... Thanks for watching! 🥰
Chris rea is a crimally understated singer/singwriter and guitarist i love his voice and all his songs.
So excited for the journey!
Brilliant Incredible Songwriter Composer and Lyricist and one of the greatest Guitarist of all time.Been a fan for 47 years...
🎼☮️🤜🤛🇨🇦🎶
chris rea is one of the greatest artists of all time, an underrated genius
That one line "a perverted fear of violence" is such an impact filled line. It hits home right now (2023) that it could be a new.tagline
Everything Chris Rea is top shelf.
Absolutely one of the best tunes EVER! Chris has tons of great music. Thanks for reacting to this.............
Agreed! You're welcome and thanks so much for watching!
@@retroreactions.... You are certainly welcome!
Being a lad from the North East of England to succeed in the music business you have to move to London. That compromise is what his Mother is warning him about. Don't sacrifice yourself for fame! First saw Chris as the support for Eric Clapton at the NEC in Birmingham and have been a fan ever since. He always said Mark Knopfler (from Dire Straits and another North East lad) made the breakthrough and showed him a path to go down. Chris plays a combination of straight Electric and slide on a Fender Strat.
1989, but how relevant are those chilling lyrics about the ‘road to hell’. 34 yrs on & still grappling with the even more dire reality of hedonism, greed & catastrophic climate change. A genius before his time. 🙋🏻♀️🇦🇺
For sure, one of my favorite discoveries on the channel so far!
yes it is Chris on guitar
My first introduction to Chris Rea was this Song..and I've never looked back! ❤ Enjoy!
Soft Top, Hard Shoulder,,, Looking for the Summer
The entire album is a great listen. 80’s summer vibes for me.
Nice! Thanks so much for watching!
YEH, CHRIS IS ON LEAD GUITAR ALSO SINGING. HE COMES FROM THE SAME PLACE HAS MARK NOPFLER. (NEWCASTLE ENGLAND)
Thanks for watching!
Middlesbrough in fact
So Many Great Songs from Chris
I can only imagine! Thanks
SO glad you checked out Chris Rea. He is a phenomenal artist! He is the one playing slide guitar, like none other I might add. It's interesting that you pegged the pop rock / blues sound. Chris did start off as a pop rock musician, and he had some really great songs. But, as he evolved, his voice became more raspy and his guitar more impassioned. Something about his sound is right up my alley.
You were one of a couple who led me to him (you started the conversation), so thank YOU! Can't wait to hear more, already have a decent list going after today and your suggestions a little while back...
@@retroreactions.... Based on a lot of your reviews I felt we have similar taste in music. It made me feel you might enjoy checking out Chris Rea. Glad you enjoyed what you heard!
Slide guitar is my fave, and Chris’ work here is great! Just curious: Are you familiar with the song The Bluest Blues by Alvin Lee? One of my favorites…and George Harrison does a slide solo on it. Gorgeous.
😁 and now I get to hear more from him!
Assume that question was not for me, but fyi I have not heard that song..
I have played Part 2 on repeat many times over the years. It is one of those songs that as soon as it finishes you want to hear it again straight away. However, I've never heard Part 1. What a revelation! What a fantastic, moody introduction. And I will always listen to these together from now on thanks to you! As ever, you articulated absolutely everything I loved about these two parts. Thanks so much!
Glad you could discover Part 1 today!! Sweet! You're very welcome bud..
@@retroreactions.... By the way Brandon, you have been going for six months on your time travelling musical journey. I wonder if you would do a video setting out your favourite artists and songs that you have featured here and why. Any such lists are always subject to change. You could put your top three or five artists in no particular order. Or you could really nail your colours to the mast and rank them #1, #2 & #3. Or you could do a top three for the three decades you cover. It is all for fun and would cause some lively debate from us, lol. 🙃
Someone else suggested that. I really should, may be a big task with over 220 videos already! I also found a list online of the cheesiest songs of all time or something. I thought of doing a video going through the list to give my opinion. Would you watch something like that or no?
First time I heard this I was putting around the house I came to a complete stop
Ha nice...I certainly don't blame you for doing that!
Gracias, gracias, gracias, por tu reacción, Chris es mi mega ídolo, llevo ya mas de 3⃣ años escuchando su amplio reoertorio musical, y es INCREIBLE, él es un hombre muy sensillo, pero mega talentoso, porfavor escucha mas de su música, te seguiras sorprendiendo, aun en su etapa de Bluesman, es tambien increible, me encantarin todos tus comentarios , examinando esta mega canción, gracias mil gracias, esperando pongas mucha de su música, te aseguro que no te arrepentiras ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
Wow, me alegro de que quieras tanto a Chris. También me encanta su música y definitivamente tendré mucho más de él en mi canal. ¡Gracias por mirar!
I have a great fondness for Chris Rea's album 'Auberge' - all killer; no filler. You could do worse than checking that one out.
Nice! A favorite song off of it?
@retroreactions.... the title track is excellent, and I particularly enjoy both 'Set Me Free' and 'Looking for the Summer'. The whole album is filled with mellow, listenable tunes; so you'll not go far wrong, whichever you choose.
Thank you!
Heard this for the first time maybe a year ago. LOVE his voice….and that guitar……OH YEH…….some ferocious blues and blues rock here. Yummy! 😁😎
Had a feeling....with blues being involved! 😁
This song for me was a hit on the whole 'young upwardly-mobile professional' greed aspect of the 80s, aka Yuppies. Greed, waste, and uncaring.
"This ain't no upwardly-mobile freeway, this is the road to hell".
Great song, great album. Heavy Dire Straits vibes - another one of my favorite bands.
Check out "You Must be Evil" from this same album. And or "Once Upon a Time in the West" by Dire Straits. You'll surely hear the similarities.
Awesome glad you liked this one! Will add the 2 to my list, thank you!
I never thought of that, but as soon as I read your comment, I immediately could hear it. Thanks!
Another very cruisy track that I just love, Is ‘Curse of the Traveler’ & ‘Let’s Dance’, just can’t get enough of his voice.
Another big WOW! I love Chris Rea ❤. I don’t know why I’ve never thought of suggesting him. I’ve listened to him for probably more than 30 years. I’ve never seen him live, mainly because he never toured in the US. I bet he would be great in concert. I love his slide guitar playing. This is one of my top favorites of his. A couple others I really like are “Texas” and “Working On It”. I know you’d like these two as much as I do. It seems, Head East, that we’re seeing a lot of new artists, Head East, this week. I’m not, Head East, trying to influence you or anything. Lol. Just keep ‘em coming my friend.
Guess I have to start memorizing new usernames, as this change seems permanent and widespread at this point ugh...Glad you know and love Chris, Dale. Will add those to the list! No more new artists this week, but you're gonna be happy later on I predict...😊 For some reason I suddenly feel like heading east for the summer....??? Me and my buddy Jeff might Air B & B in town, or maybe camp by the creek.....????? 🤔🤣
Yeah… at first thought that the username change was unique to me, but obviously not. Regular crew members just need to keep you in the loop when their username changes. You know I’ll keep pestering you pretty much on the daily!! Lol
Down here in Austin, as we near the end of what passes of winter, you can count on radio stations playing Chris Rea's 'Texas' as we prepare for those warm winds on those roads that go on forever.
Hey Brandon so glad you decided to do Chris Rea. He produced some brilliant power pop in the last 70s and 80s. This was a great driving beat of a song with a terrific build up. He had some great songs in the 70s notably Fool If You Think Its Over which became a huge hit for Elkie Brooks. He also had some brilliant albums in the 80s, especially Wired To The Moon, which had some killer tracks on it. Other great songs he had were Josephine, I Can Feel Your Heart Beat, Windy Town and I Don't Know What It Is But I Love It, Girl In A Sports Car, and his massive Xmas hit Driving Home For Christmas, which is constantly on the radio during the Festive Season. Look forward to you doing some more Chris!, and yes Chris plays his famous red strat and is a great musician.
Awesome! Thanks for the suggestions!
Hey Brandon, I have been on that road, it is pure hell. Chris is fantastic musician.
Hi there! Let's avoid that road in the future! Thanks for stopping by for this one!
@@retroreactions.... I left London 23 years go, but lived and worked there all my life. I finally had enough of London life and took myself, cats and 7 year old daughter to the Far East coast of England. She turned 30 last week. She's a country girl now but with a gypsy traveller's heart. TMI Sorry! But the roads out of London man, they suck.
Thanks for sharing! Glad you did what sounded like the best thing for yourself..
driving home for christmas good one
Thanks!
THAT’s where I know him from! Wished he’d toured here in The States! Would love to see him.
The album "The Road To Hell" (1989) = A masterpiece. I picked it up when it came out and have been listening to it regularly ever since. The voice and guitar blues of CHRIS REA, his compositions chiseled with perfectionism, lyrics that project a thousand images of a free spirit (on the road) in search of answers to the fundamental questions of existence (to listen to the overwhelming song : "Tell Me There's A Heaven").
Alas Rea will commit, in 1999, an album "The Road To Hell, Part 2" which will be totally missed. Wanting to surf on the success of the first album, he tried to do it again... he screwed up. It was the album too many. The unique is not repeated, perfection (in the same form and the same substance) is never equal. Thank you, Mr. Brandon.
Thanks for the great info. I will add your vote for "Tell Me..." Appreciate you watching!
Had the pleasure of seeingChris live a few times and he’s had a few hitS in the uk over the years. He is an outstanding guitar player, composer and a fantastic voice. 8:59
So cool you got to see his amazing talent live!! Thanks for watching!
how could this chap have survived without hearing any of chris rea? a real pity
Another road to hell M62.
Love your unique custom backdrops. Very well suited to song being reviewed.
Thanks so much for acknowledging that...and for watching!
Welcome to Chris Rea. Parts 1&2 make up a great song and are the highlight of a very good album. As others have mentioned, from the same album, Texas is a good one, as is You Must Be Evil. The album Auberge is worth checking out, as is one of my favorite albums of his, his 1981 self titled album Chris Rea, which has the standout track "Do You Still Dream." He has so many good songs.....Enjoy the journey.
Thank you! Appreciate the guidance. It'll be a great journey no doubt!
Thank you
Wow
Ohh One of my Favorites. Chris Rea is so good. OK… so you might go Vsn Morrison later, Van The Man. And Waterboys.
Woohoo nice! You'll see in a minute what I thought..thanks for being first today 🥇
@@retroreactions....this song is one of those where the video is on point. Your backdrop is well picked.
If you want more music with feeling
1/ Dire Straits “Brother in Arms” official video, very touching
2/ Van Morrisson, “Have I told you Lately that I Love you” “Someone like you”
3/ Gary Moore “Still got the Blues” “Parisienne Walkways” “The Messiah Will Come Again” “The Loner” “In my Dreams” best if you get the later live versions in good quality, few speak guitar feelings as Gary Moore
4/ The Waterboys “The whole of the Moon” “This is the Sea”, “Fisherman Blues” “ The Pan Within” “A Pagan Place” “Bring
Em all in”
5/ Roxy Music “More than This” , “Avalon” “Love is the Drug” “Jealous Guy”
6/ David Bowie “Heroes” “Space Oddity”, “Ashes to Ashes”, Ziggy Stardust” “Suffragette City” “Let’s Dance” “Life on Mars” “ Young Americans” “Fame” “Oh you Pretty Thing” “Rebel Rebel”
Wow thanks for all those great (no doubt) suggestions!
"I Can Hear Your Heartbeat" is a favourite and "On the Beach".
Cool, will add them to my list
Another great one from him is: Curse of the Traveller
I think you'd like it
Thanks!
You're wearing the right shirt for this song because it has a LOT of D. Straits vibes, Mr. Brandon is a profet 😉
Haha, The Retro Music Prophet! I'll take that title... 😊
@@retroreactions.... OMG I wrote almost in spanish, "el profeta" BrandumDamus LOL
Great tune(s). You must checkout Nothing To Fear off of God's Great Banana Skin. Right up your alley.
Hello! Thanks so much for watching and for the suggestion. Adding it to my list.
What a cool name for an album!
Chris is a great character who loves to pop an egg in his bath. Bob Mortimer: "Following advice from Chris Rea, I always crack an egg into my bath." - Would I Lie to You? Series 12 Episode 1.
hmm lol...wonder if it comes out poached!
Except it was a lie lol
No idea who Chris Rea was before I heard this. This was good but it definitely has more than a passing resemblance to Dire Straits and Mark Knopfler’s brilliant vocals and guitar work. His guitar is legendary and they band is worth diving into on your channel Brandon. 💛
Yes, I need to add DS soon to the channel!
Chris Rea and Mark Knopfler are pretty much the same age, they grew up in the north-east of England, about 50 miles apart from each other.
Funny how you connected Mark knoppfler to Chris as they are both from the North east of England.
Brandon, my young brother!
I hope you have an ample supply of carrots, because this is yet another rabbit hole you just entered!
Chris’ discography is phenomenal. Some have already listed songs like Texas, I Can Hear Your Heartbeat, Auberge and You Must Be Evil.
I will add On the Beach extended version, Your Warm and Tender Love, I Just Wanna Be With You, Josephine, All Summer Long, Steel River, Shamrock Diaries and Driving Home for Christmas for starters.
Enjoy this magic carpet ride!
🤟🏽🤟🏽
Hello! Yup, and I think I'm starting to grow whiskers and a tail LOL...Thanks for the suggestions/guidance and for watching. Not sure if I know you, since TH-cam decided to get rid of everyone's usernames... ☹
I am just another fan of your reactions, reliving my first time reactions to these fabulous gems through your reactions.
Keep up the great job!
It's just so confusing, because TH-cam took away everyone's usernames, so it's gonna be a nightmare not knowing who's who anymore....Really appreciate your support!!
Another absolutely great Chris Rea song is Auberge, the title song from the album of the same name.
I can't believe the adult man in 2023 year hears Road To Hell fist time.
Chris is a master musician! His music is very diverse check out Texas and Aurberge and soo many others ! I really enjoy your reactions keep it up !
I will add your votes for those 2! Thank you so much!
Nobody suggested skipping first 2 min 42 secs of the album cut..haha
No way
Hi again Brandon can I suggest a song to react to it's by Mike Rutherford the song is Smallcreep's Day suite 24mins of brilliance synth & drums especially
OK I have added your vote thanks!!
This gives me a Dire Straits vibe.
Interesting.. Have to delve into them soon....Thanks
Interesting, Dire Straight vibes for sure, on the second half. Is this what we hear on the way to hell?????? : ) lol
Hello. I'll have to explore DS eventually. Well, not a red clothing person, so my only red shirt is def the choice if I ever go back on the road to hell LOL...if I ever wear green though, feel free to hit the dislike 🤣🤣
Never!!!
@@retroreactions.... Caution, Mark Knopfler of Dire Straits is for my money the greatest guitarist this side of David Gilmour. When I first heard Chris Rhea back in the 80s, and the twang of that guitar, I thought it *was* Dire Straits. Chris is good but he doesn't really come close. DS was one of the biggest bands of the 80s.
💙
Good to know...definitely heard Mark's name mentioned over the years...