Historian Reacts - Siege of Vienna Part 1 (Extra History)
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 16 มิ.ย. 2022
- See the original video here - • Siege of Vienna - Open...
Check out the VTH Podcast
Spotify - open.spotify.com/show/2lMCaIT...
Apple - podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...
VTH Gaming - / thehistoryguy
VTH Extra - / @vthextra
VTH Originals - / @vthoriginals259
Fun fact: During the earlier siege of Vienna, in 1529, sultan Suleiman the Magnificent boasted that within a week of arriving to take the city, he would be eating breakfast in St. Stephen's Cathedral (Vienna's mother cathedral). A week later, his army hadn't taken the city, and the defenders sent him a message: "Your breakfast is getting cold."
Yet Suleiman conquered many cities during that expedition.
If only Charles V had the guts to bring his army to the field against Ottomans...
@@talhakarsloglu4278 But he didn’t take Vienna. This expedition was a failure.
@@talhakarsloglu4278 "if only Charles V had the guts"... *snort*
Following the rapid conquest of Mamaluke Egypt (1514-17) and victory over Persia, the new sultan Süleyman I turned west again in 1521. Having plucked the Red Apple of Constantinople, Ottoman aspirations increasingly focused on the Golden Apple of Vienna, heightened by the coincidence of the growth of their imperial power with that of the Habsburgs. Charles V refused to be diverted by the Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1529, going ahead with his own imperial coronation by Pope Clement VII in Bologna in 1530.29 Süleyman was forced to retire, having waited in vain for Charles to meet him in battle. The sultan masked the anticlimax by staging a triumphal homeward journey, hoping to outshine Charles’s recent coronation.
Wilson, Peter H.. The Holy Roman Empire (S.149). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle-Version.
Sounds rather like Charles made the right call. Süleyman and his army stood in front of Vienna, defended by, among others, Landsknecht Pikemen, who could quite well plug the gap they made into the walls, and the weather was turning bad. Why attack, if the enemy is forced to bugger off?
Best comment I've seen today
@@donrog5035 Ottomans got all of Hungary, Graz and many other Austrian castles. Didn’t lost anything. Seems like a slight success
fun fact: the term "to undermine" literally translates from under mine, where during sieges they would mine under walls to collapse them. Thus undermining their purpose.
Is this true, cuz bro that’s hilarious
Weird to think that tanks are only around 100 years old, and that cavalry served that function for the longest time.
Tanks took the place of cavalry, and mechanized infantry took the place of dragoons.
I had a history teacher who pointed out that the infantry of the King of Kadesh (Battle of Megiddo) in 1457 BC wouldn't have looked that out of place in the Assyrian army that lost at the Battle of Arrapha. That would be like Richard the Lionhearted fighting next to an M1A Abrams.
Patton was one of the leading figures in Armored warfare in the US Army. He started as a cavalry officer. He also lead the first motorized patrols for the US Army.
Even weirder to think that before the advent of the telegraph the fastest way to share information of any kind was "some guy on a horse".
@@gingerlicious3500 The Mongols approached this with their usual ruthless efficiency. Across their empire, they had waystations at intervals set at the average distance a horse could run flat out before tiring. The messenger would ride from waystation to waystation, changing horses at every one. In that way, a message could travel from the heart of Mongolia to Arabia or Eastern Europe in a matter of days.
I love when you do Extra history, because it turns into EXTRA EXTRA HISTORY!
You definitely add a lot of knowledge even when you react to topics that you aren't too knowledgeable in.
THEN THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVED
COMING DOWN THE MOUNTAINSIDE
COMING DOWN THEY TURNED THE TIDE
Not yet that's about 3 episode later
To quote Monty Python's SPam sketch: "SHUT IT!"
the winged hussars DID NOT save Vienna... they, together with 15,000 more cav, were the final nail in the coffin after the infantry had already mauled the ottoman forces! :P
@@reygonzalez4719 and no, it wasn't "ANd the Winged Hussars arrived!"... the infantry attacked the Ottomans, and hours later the cavalry charge of 18,000, including 3,000 Winged Hussars, drives the nail into the coffin.
It should be noted that Leopold's concerns about the French were not unfounded. They had annexed pieces of (at the time mostly German speaking) pieces of the HRE for years (such as Strasbourg just two years prior) and Louis IV was indeed in contact with the Sultan.
Whilst Ottoman forces advanced through the Balkans he gathered his own troops in eastern France in a manner that seemed to indicate a planned invasion of his own. This forced the western German princes along the French border to keep their troops at hand and prevented them from sending reinforcements to Austria.
There are several instances of French-Ottoman cooperation in mutual attemts to break Habsburg power in a similar manner.
And Gandalf and the Rohirrim arrived! As an author, I am also guilty of repackaging things from history. Great video as always!
Please consider doing a reaction series on their empire of Brazil videos at one point. It’s a really interesting story specially comparing to other independence movements in the Americas.
Good choice. I'm not even remotely familiar with this war. Great reaction as always.
Also, check out Extra History's video of the Mali empire.
Oh yeah! This is one of my favorates, even though it's only 3 episodes long. Nice to hear your commentary as always
You caught me off guard when you didn't start with "welcome back everyone" :D
Also, fun fact. In Poland, you usually refer to this event as the Relief of Vienna
Hi, Chris, a very good choice, Extra History are always good and this is very interesting. I've also learned a lot here.
I love this series of extra credit it's such a good watch
Omg was just watching this the other night happy to hear what you have to add
hello mr.vth, great video, there are some notes i would like to add;
09:40 vienna not that far away actually for turkish people. because i live in istanbul and my hometown is ığdır it locates at turkey's east border with azerbaijan, armenia and iran.(yes border with 3 countries, it is unusual) distance between ığdır-istanbul is close with istanbul-vienna. of course almost 1000 mile at that time was so much trouble; i just wanted to point that out
17:10 jan sobieski was very successful against ottomans at 1672-1676 war. i am sure you will see glorious comments about him because he is famous around polish history buffs
also about mehmed IV, he became sultan when he was only 7. his father murdered and real power struggle was between his mother and grandmother and his grandmother also murdered and between 1648-1656 state was on turmoil
1656-1683, köprülü family became grandviziers and they ended rebellion bloodily, they stopped venetian blockage of dardanelles and ended cretan war, they stabilized the austrian and polish fronts, at 1676 kara mustafa(grand vizier we watched here) show that his capable at turkish-russian war 1676-1681
Always happy to see you cover Extra History.
This siege of Vienna is a lot more famous but the first one is much MUCH more important for world history. By 1683 the Ottoman empire is already in huge decline, even if they took the city they had no way of actually exploiting it. In 1529 they had the best professional army in Europe, their fleets ruled the Mediterranean and they had a perpetual peace with the Polish Commonwealth... also a true strategic genius sultan in Suleiman the Magnificent.
And yet, he marched at a time that lead to him arriving in autumn...
@@undertakernumberone1 He actually started marching immediately after the weather in spring allowed it. But the weather turned again for the worse and it took him all that time to get to Vienna. The problem is that he couldn't have a rallying point closer, he had only conquered Hungary a couple years ago. Belgrade only in 1521 so any real staging point had to be in Bulgaria. Now of course this is not to excuse poor planning... he could have delayed the attack for a couple of years and secured Hungary and Buda first.
Love anytime there is an extra history video. Theh always have good content 👍
It immediately caught me off guard when Chris didn't start this video the way he usually does
i love watching history videos but watching them with you makes them a 1000 times better
It was really nice to watch a stranger comments on your history. I usually enjoy stuff like ww1, ww2 or napoleonic wars etc.. But this gives a different vibe 😁 Nice content
This was actually the first thing from Extra History I ever watched. This one video actually led almost every channel I've watched for the last 3 years. It led me to you. It led me to Sabaton. It led me to Indy and the the Time Ghost channels. This one video was the one the reignited my interest in history!
So excited for this series
Caught this too early, now I gotta wait a whole day for PT 2 :')
Funny that you mention Santa Ana trying to emulate Napoleon when you have the perfect example in Napoleon the Third, whose every action on the world stage was driven by the need to live up to his ancestor. Right to the very end.
Looking forward to this series. Can the next series be Justinian and Theodora or The South Sea Bubble.
I wouldn't agree that it is more referred to as the battle of Vienna. Here in Germany (and Austria for that matter) its basically known as the "zweite Belagerung von Wien (second siege of vienna)
Little correction, here in Austria it is known as "Die zweite Wiener Tütkenbelagerung" (the 2nd TURKISH siege of Vienna) as there have been quite a few others and the Battle that ended the siege is known as "Die Schlacht am Kahlenberg" (the battle of Kahlenberg)
Seeing as you did this Siege of Vienna it may also be a good idea to check out Extra History's series on Suleiman the Magnificent as well
I love the new podcast!
You missed or left out the part where they have disclaimer regarding the Mosque attack in New Zealand.
The extra history video on Saipan is really good
The capture of Constantinople was also the reason why exploration went up as the trade route through it was closed off and European merchants had to find alternate ways into the East.
I'd rather be a part of a well supplied garrison of 15,000 defending a fortress against 100,000 then be a part of the 100,000 assualting that fortress.
I’m sure someone else mentioned it already but tattoos as means of identification is actually a common thing throughout history. Most common among sailors and military people it was often the best way of identifying bodies after a battle.
Never a dull moment when you review EH. Siege of Vienna is a treat to do for us and we thank you. There is so much to unpack here and as always they do as much as they can in the short time they alot themselves. The jannissaries are almost underappreciated in this series, but they play a pivotal role in how things shake out. Mostly they take their pay in what they can ransack from deserted villages or conquered lands. This will come into play later. The politics of the church are so deliciously complicated in this seige as well, the pope didn't want another super power religion taking Christian territories obviously, but he couldn't muster the strength to fight them off like he could in the crusades, so he had to rely on other monarchies coming to terms to help the viennese struggle. The dynamic of the leadership and the complexity of the ottoman army are what kept western civilisation alive to this day, of course among other things. But this cannot be overlooked as a major stepping stone that was never crossed.
Are you sure you aren't mixing up the Janissaries and the Bashi-Bozouks? The latter were largely rewarded by the opportunity for plunder, whereas the Janissaries were a professional standing army.
My fav sabaton song would be "the last stand" which initially sounds of Christianity inspired music yet in reality is about the swiss guards in a great last stand or something of the sorts in rome
yeeees... i was hoping you would one day tackle this... way too few people know about this (even some austrians sadly)
You should try out more Historia Civilis, maybe his 3 part series on post-Napoleon Europe!
I've been told or read somewhere, that when attempting to take a heavily fortified city, the attackers need at least a 10 to 1 advantage over the defenders.
As much as I enjoy your reactions, I do prefer the reactions to subjects where you're going in blind, as opposed to the ones where you're already quite knowledgeable on the subject. I like the feeling of watching someone learn along with me. Either way, great videos!
Whenever I meet someone from Poland, I thank them profusely for stopping the Turks twice at Vine and the Red Army at Warsaw in 1920. Poland has way more than its fair share of thanks due for the existence of Western Civilization as we know it.
Think you`re doing a bit much there.
@@andreasiversen3440 yea that sounds a bit weird
Don't. As somebody from poland, i would be uncomfortable with that
Would really like if you made videos on Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth in the future. I would highly recommend Eastory’s series about The Deluge (I think it’s 3 episodes).
At some point I would like to see you watch their two part video on Mary Seacole. Very interesting person
I recently checked out Sabaton and their song "Great War". I really liked it. They remind me of the band, 'HB' (a Christian Metal Symphonic band). I highly recommend checking them out. 🙂
7 German Prince Electors = 3 Bishops + 4 noblemen = 3 chancellors + 4 arch officers with electoral dignity
the 3 Bishop
Bishop of Trier/"Chancellor of the Reich" of Burgundy,
Bishop of Cologne/"Chancellor of the Reich" of Italy,
Bishop of Mainz/"Chancellor of the Reich" of Germany
and the 4 noble men with arch officer titels with electoral dignity were in their hierachical order
the vassal "King of Bohemia" who had the arch officer titel ""Erzmundschenk"/arch cupbearer"
the "Count Palatine by Rhine" who had the arch officer titel "Erztruchsess"/"arch truchsess" (= arch seneschal)
the "Duke of Saxony" who had the arch officer titel "Erzmarschall/"arch marshall"
the "Margrave of Brandenburg" who had the arch officer titel "Erzkämmerer"/"arch chamberlain"
This was "the original electorial" made out of 7 but in the 17th century 2 more arch officer titels with electorial dignity were installed so from then on there were 9 Prince Electors
in 1623 the "Erzschatzmeister"/arch treasurer" hold by the Duke of Bavaria
in 1692 the "Erzbannerträger"/arch bannerbearer" hold by the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, that House became then the House of Hannover / Duke of Hannover
That "Prince Elector electorial" elected "the german king" (and not an "Emperor")
The "elected german king" then got announced as "Roman Emperor/Romanorum Imperator" by the pope ...and the german titel "Kaiser" is just the - in German written - the classic latin pronunciation of the traditional Emperor´s by-name "Caesar" with which the Roman Emperor got traditionally adressed.
it is called "the siege of the turks", and there were 3 of them. as a viennese I am very happy to watch this series and I will start, when it is finished. so much looking forward to.
You should react to historia civillis congress of vienna. Great 2 video series. A little long but very interesting.
Sees titled, “Part one? Are we going to talk about all seven sieges!?”
Actually I believe there's only like three videos in the series
Numerical tattoos as a symbol of fraternity. So cool. Of course, minus the stated sad example.
U are so naturally good at this shit
What is the most iconic weapon in history?
I feel like the cannon is the most iconic because it brings about this radical transition from melee combat to ranged combat.
Please react to Extra History’s series on the Majapahit Empire.
It not uncommon for the defender advantage to be expressed as a multiplication factor. Or how many attacking soldiers is a defending solider worth.
Ottomans didn't rename Constantinople to Istanbul. It was renamed much later by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk after the empire was abolished
3:57 just a little correction: after Ottomans conquered Constantinople it became "Konstantiniyye". Istanbul had its name after Ottoman has fallen and new Turkish Republic has formed.
Could you please do a reaction to the Warsaw Uprising episode of Extra History, after completing this series? I have heard you mention in countless WW2 videos how Poles fought so bravely till the end of the war. I think you would like that episode
Well, in Vienna we dont learn about the "Battle of Vienna" in our schools it is called the 1st and 2nd turkish siege.
And Leopold was correct to see the higher threat in France than Turkey, because Turkey only attacked because the king of France guaranteed them not to attack the turks and ally with the Habsburgs.
A funny thing, especially if you consider that the king of France saw himself as the "defender of christianity". :-D :-D :-D
and a t thing about our city walls - they were not that bad. After 1529 where we still had your fortifications from the 1200's (we build them with parts of the ransom money for Richard I. Lionheart), we highy strengthened our city walls. Never the less we have had two major problems in 1683 with our walls.
1. The walls were already 150 years old again and have not been very well serviced of the last 3 or 4 decades because of the never ending lack of money of the Habsburg emperors.
2. The city grew a loooooooooooooooooot since 1529 and lots of houses have been build directly in the city walls which weakened the structure and made it hard for the defending troops to go from point A to B if there is a house right in your way. So one of the first things Schwarzenberg did right at the beginning was to get rid of this houses.
and now two useless trivia knowledge things:
1. In the bell tower of St. Stephens there is still a canon ball of this siege
2. at 11:44 the skyline of Vienna - the bell tower is not shaped after St. Stephens, but the shape perfectly fits the "danube tower" a modern structrue in the 22nd district with a restaurant at the top of the tower.
I don't have anything to add but as a fellow Vienna dude, it's nice to see such an explanation from my colleagues.
@@dunnowhatname9976 Dere :-)
Fortifications are made to allow a smaller force hold against a larger one
In Austrian schools you learn:
1st siege = 1529 (the more heroic one)
2nd siege = 1683 (at this time most of the time the French paid the Ottomans to fight Austria, the catholic French kings fought with the Protestantic Union in the 30th years war); this is strong used by far right political parties in Europe today
1805 = Battle of Austerlitz, the greatest victory for Napoleon (no direct fight for Vienna)
1809 = Battles of Aspern-Essling (first time Napoleon lost a field battle, a big victory for Austrian engineer troops under command of captain von Magdeburg) and Wagram (half of the nearly 200.000 Austrian troops had been "Landwehr" which only had been short trained and not battle field trained and the archeduke John - later married to a post master daughter - the younger brother of Charles arrived too late on the battlefield because he rested his tired troops - in 1815 Blücher would force his to march to the battlefield)
1945 = liberation from Vienna (from Nazi rule and start the red terror; of course for the Austrian right it was a day of defeat until they got paid by Putin)
The rise of the Austrian Hungarian Empire mirrors that of the Ottoman Empire.
Their falls mirror as well.
"A convoy of five carriages..." (shows four carriages, 2:14)
In the holy Roman empire or the holy Roman empire of German nation (after they lost the territories in Italy) the Kaiser got elected by electing dukes (Kurfürsten) which were mostly the dukes of the most powerful nations of the empire like the Duke of Saxony, Brandenburg or Bavaria (which all become kings later) were such dukes. The Duke of Saxony was also the one that protected Martin Luther after he was excommunicated and several dukes stand against the empire during the German farmer wars in the 16th century.
It resulted in a dark part of Polish history, unfortunately. One century later Austria as a thank you was one of the three partitioners of our lands.
Hey man, love your videos! If your interested, I'm really interested in your thoughts about Extra History's Genghis Khan! Genghis has an extremely interesting life and one of the largest kingdoms the world have ever seen. He was also alot more progressive than most leaders in his lifetime
Idk why that photo of mehmed II cracks me up
The intro was so cringy 😂😂😂 Love it
Can you check out one of Jacob Geller's videos "Who's afraid of Modern Art?" Its unusual given its about art but he does go over some art history
I believe that the current king of Spain is right now the holder of the title Emperor of Rome, It has to do with the last Roman Emperor (Byzantine) son trying to get support and failing to retake the empire, then in his old age willing his birth right to the King of Spain. But like most royal titles its all very flacky and the King of Spain has never claimed that title
Wow and every time I thought of Vienna,I hear the song by Ultravox ! Who knew🤷♂️😂😂😂
1066, 1453, 1776, 1871(Birth of the German Empire), 1945(End of WW2), 1991(Dissolution of the Soviet Union) all important years in history
There are so many more that are far more important than 1991
Also discovery of the Americas
That’s not all important years in at all that’s like only 1% of all years that have had events that changed the course of history
How is water cutoff in Vienna, if it sits on the Danube river?
History Buffs' Midway Parts 1 & 2!!
the next series should be simple histories iranian embassy hostage crisis
Next series should be on Extra History Saladin
I know how, historians like clear dividing lines, eg. WWI ended in 1918 not true it ended with five separate treaties signed between 1917-1924 etc., Constantinople didn't officially become Istanbul until 1922 when Ataturks' republican government took control of Turkey. Istanbul just means the city. From 1453 until 1922 terms like the city or Constantinople or Istanbul would have been used interchangeably.
My only question is who the heck the king of spain on their deathbed was?
- Philip IV (r. 1621-1665)
- Charles II (r. 1665-1700)
understanding Charles II was a mess but a 17-year regency period is questionable
I’m here for the face you make at 17:52
The 17th century really was quite the peak for the Ottomans.
But weren't Henry VIII battles in France all good victories just very expensive and wasteful?
They were temporary and meaningless and expensive in cost lives and money.
Many in Poland argue to this day that we shouldn't get involve in this battle on side of Habsburgs. Colapse of Ottoman Empire directly leaded to rise of Imperial Russia. In just over 100 years theese events end up with partition of Poland and we lost our independance for 120 years.
Seeing that list of sieges of Vienna going all the way back to the Eleventh Century, all I can think is: Damn, people really want those sausages!
5:17 The election of the pope was used as a model for the election of the Emperor.
Charles of Lorraine was third cousin, second cousin once removed and brother in law to Leopold I. He was the candidate to the polish throne backed by the Habsburg in 1674, in opposition to Sobieski and his wife Eleonore, Leopold's sister, was the widow of the previous King of Poland.
HIs grandson, Francis, husband to Maria Theresa of Austria, will become Holy Roman Emperor and the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine branch.
Chris after doing the reaction videos on Extra History, I hope you can react to Epic History tv, 1917:Russia's two revolutions that you haven't react after the 5 parts of History of Russia.
BTW Electors did not elect emperor but king of Holy Roman Empire who would be sucsesor to current Emperor. Pope during ceremony in Rome than crowns king of HRE to be emperor (ceremony and tradition dating back to Charlemagne).
Hey you saw my winged hussars comment!
Hey Chris,
Why didn't you react to the first minute of the episode?
13:50 did the ottomans have better aim then the storm troopers of star wars?
The Sabaton is strong in this one
I've posted this request yesterday, but I can't recommend these series enough .Please do react to the Extra Credits series called as 'The Conquest of India'. Also, I recommend the series by the same creator on the Majapahit Empire of Indonesia, and videos of the channel- 'Odd Compass'. It will be quite a pleasure seeing more people learn about the history of my part of the world- the Indian Subcontinent. Also if you can, do react to at least the first two parts of Kraut's series on The Mexican American Border, as they don't involve modern politics, and on the Indian Subcontinent and the societal development of India and China if you can.
Please do consider them for your videos in the near future.
Also if possible, could you try to post your videos at about 1:30 pm EST so that it will be convenient for quite a bit of us to see your videos immediately as you posted them.
Would be great if any of my suggestions were considered.
Anyways, love your reactions to extra credits series and learn a bit of history that I didn't know before.
The need for glory by the Ottoman sultan reminds me of the leader of the Japanese police group, the Shinsengumi. Their leader, Kondo also dreamed of glory and it led to the decimation of his soldiers during the Boshin War. Of course, the war ended with the fall of the militaristic Shogunate and the reinstatement of Imperial rule. Kondo actually let himself be demoralized and ended up being ineffectual. He paid with his head...literally. The true hero of the Shinsengumi was actually his second in command, Hijikata Toshizo who, even though he knew they'd lose died fighting till the very end. As he said, even losing the war, a man is nothing if he doesn't fight to the bitter end for his beliefs, for a man who sacrifices honor just to live is no man at all. In case you can't tell, I greatly admire the man.
Speaking of Protestants v. Catholics, at this very time explicitly Protestant Colonies, escaping real and perceived Catholic oppression, were being founded in the Americas. It was barely over 50 years since the founding of Plymouth. Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, etc. Many of these areas hated Catholics much more than Muslims
and each of htose areas was settled by english settlers where Catholicism was the supressed religious minority, and moved over there for a variety of reasons... including Puritans wanting to dictate their view on everyone they see, but not being able to do so in England... (slightly exagarated)
Meanwhile the thirty years war had partially come around because the Calvinist nobles basically bullied the other protestants into their line.
Three developments challenged harmony after 1555. One was the emergence of Calvinism during the 1560s. Calvinists distinguished themselves from Lutherans theologically, yet considered they were simply continuing Luther’s ‘Reformation of the Word’ with their own moral ‘Reformation of Life’.118 Calvinism made most of its converts in the Empire among the aristocracy, unlike the French Huguenots and English Puritans, who evolved into more genuinely popular movements. Apart from Emden in East Frisia, which adopted a Presbyterian structure, Calvinism spread through its acceptance by Lutheran princes who then used their right of Reformation and the territorial church to impose the new faith on their subjects. The first and most significant conversion was the elector Palatine, who abandoned Lutheranism in 1559. Calvinism slowly gained ground from the 1580s, including the conversion of the landgrave of Hessen-Kassel (1604) and the elector of Brandenburg (1613), but had been adopted by only 28 territories, including a single city (Bremen) by 1618.119
Lutherans increasingly resented these inroads into their own faith, but minimized the differences to preserve the Peace of Augsburg. The elector Palatine, as self-appointed Calvinist leader, promoted his own, narrow form of irenicism to remain within the Peace by finding common ground with Lutherans. Internally, the Palatine government remained dominated by Calvinists who bullied the largely Lutheran population, persecuted Jews and refused dialogue with Catholics.120 Calvinism threatened the peace by seemingly adding substance to Catholic zealots’ arguments that no Protestant could be trusted. More seriously, the elector Palatine deliberately fanned fears of Catholic plots to persuade Lutherans to accept his leadership and his demands for constitutional change. The Palatinate had lost influence to Bavaria, ruled by a rival branch of the same Wittelsbach family who had conquered much of its territory in 1504 and who had remained Catholic.121 The elector Palatine’s demand for religious parity in imperial institutions promised not merely to remove the inbuilt Catholic majority, but also to level some of the status distinctions that currently disadvantaged the minor princes and aristocrats who formed the bulk of his political clientele. A hierarchy dominated by the electors and a few senior princes would be replaced by a political structure of two confessional blocs, with that of the Protestants firmly under Palatine leadership.
Developments in the imperial church represented a second challenge to peace.122 Protestant princes and nobles were not prepared to forgo the benefits of engagement in the imperial church, which still offered around 1,000 lucrative benefices for cathedral canons, as well as the considerable political influence through the 50 bishoprics and 80-odd abbeys recognized as imperial Estates. Although these were reserved for Catholics in 1555, Ferdinand’s Declaration extended toleration to individual Protestants living in church territories. Under this protection, Protestant nobles gained majorities in several important chapters, enabling them to elect their own candidates on the death of each Catholic bishop. Maximilian II and Rudolf II refused to accept these men as imperial princes, but tolerated them as ‘administrators’ to preserve peace. Ten sees passed this way into Protestant hands, including the substantial archbishoprics of Magdeburg and Bremen. The duke of Bavaria meanwhile promoted his relations in the church lands as a means of pushing his own family as Catholic champions in the Empire. Thanks to Spanish support, Bavaria blocked a Calvinist takeover of Cologne in 1583, establishing a Bavarian monopoly of this important archbishopric lasting until 1761. To advance these objectives, Bavaria pushed the emperor to deny the Protestant administrators rights of imperial Estates.
Wilson, Peter H.. The Holy Roman Empire (S.121-123). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle-Version.
(Good book, can reccomend)
Anybody got a source for the Jannisary tattoos? I've been looking but no luck. Sounds cool as hell but i wanna see if it's true.
Call me lazy if you must, but historians and academia, isn't it about time to rename this awesome history the Siege"s" of Vienna? I like to work smarter, not harder.
In 1683 the king of Spain is Charles II, notorious for his poor health from birth, he will somehow survive until the year 1700. I can't really find any information on this, was he really "on his death bed" in 1683 as the video says at 2:09?
sultan mehmed didnt gave any order to kara mustafa to take vienna his order was that mustafa help the hungarian uprising and take fortresses in northern hungary but mustafa disobeyed
The romans also used mines, just to go back longer😊
The Janissaries were elite shock infantry, but more importantly they were the first modern professional standing army in Europe. One of the main reasons Ottomans succeeded so well in the 1400 to 1500s is because of this. A lot of cultural depictions misleads what the Ottoman military exactly was, with people thinking it was a mass horde overwhelming with numbers. The Ottoman Empire was a intially a Balkans and Anatolian Empire, it didn't really have a large population before it expanded to the Middle East in the 1500s. Even then, Ottoman Empire was still smaller than France in population during the 1700s. So they had to rely on creating professional troops as force multipliers, of course they were well out of their prime by this period. The common misconception is to think of the Ottomans as Russia, when Prussia is a better analog.
In terms of size, the Janissaries were the first time there were these huge standing professional armies since the Roman Legion system disappeared in the 500s. In terms of training and drilling, since the 100s.
You should react to extra history Suleiman the magnificent
AND THEN THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVED!
Original.