This is 110% true for 2-4-5 Trioxin as well (not to be confused with 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). It's much better to have a canister simply rupture all at once, than to have a canister vent little bursts of the compound over time. 2-4-5 Trioxin is EXTREMELY hazardous to nervous tissue, especially the central nervous system, and specifically the brain itself. It is directly neurotoxic in chemical form when a person is exposed, though it is more well-known due to its secondary mechanism of injury which is physical neurological tissue destruction and denaturing essentially via acidic digestion of the proteins. A terrifying chemical, truly. The stuff of horror movies and nightmares.
Parliament empowered the Peter men [as in Saltpeter, aka Potassium Nitrate] in the 1600's [See Feb.1646 example link at end of this post] to dig anywhere in the country [including underneath your home bathroom] to get that precious liquid gold for the state! King [England] Charles-I is said to have proclaimed as policy: _In 1626, King Charles I ordered “his loving subjects [to] carefully and constantly keep and preserve in some convenient vessels or receptacles, all the urine of man during the whole year, and all the stale of beasts which they can save and gather together whilst their beasts are in their stables and stalls, and that they be careful to use the best means of gathering together and preserving the urine and stale, without mixture of water or other thing put therein. Which our commandment and royal pleasure, being easy to observe, and so necessary for the public service of us and our people, that if any person do be remiss thereof we shall esteem all such persons contemptuous and ill affected both to our person and estate, and are resolved to proceed to the punishment of that offender with what severity we may."_ Feb.1646 saltpeter act by Parliament www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/acts-ordinances-interregnum/pp828-830
@@czdaniel1 *KNOCK* *KNOCK* Who's there? Constable Wiggums Good day, constable. What may I do for you? Oh, I'm just here to take the piss. Very well. Piss off then.
Tried this multiple times here's what I found: 1) using an EDTA solution (about 40 drops of 1M) works well as a chelating agent. 2) using a smaller volume of more concentrated bleach (not diluting it to 5%) seems to give a bigger yield (although there maybe impurities)
Pool pellets tend to also have cyanuric acid in them (chlorine stabilizer). Could be why it didn't work. Might want to look into liquid pool chlorinator, which is just high-strength bleach solution with no stabilizer.
F16’s auxiliary power unit runs on hydrazine. When they were placed in service (yes I’m old) we were briefed that when F16s landed at our base to not approach if we saw a puddle under it and call Job Control to dispatch a wash down truck. Hydrazine is colorless odorless and hypergolic so it’s a simple and lighter APU motor for a single engine fighter. I wouldn’t mess with any of this based on a “utub” video.
He's already got red fuming nitric acid, all he needs is a rocket! (Anyone who's interested, there's a really fun book called "Ignition: An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellents" which covers the development of rocket fuels during the 50's and 60's as written by one of the guys who was there. Needless to say of chemistry for that time period, it's quite a story. (It's easy to find a PDF for free online)
@@m1k3y48 there's never been a bigger rocket built since the Saturn V for the moon landing. Rocket science has digressed.. strange to think about strapping yourself to a massive bomb like that lol.
@@thedude9461 "Rocket science has digressed" no no no lol very very much no. Rocket science has not regressed, most governments just didn't want to fund rocketry projects after the space race. The closest thing anyone ever got to a closed cycle engine back then were the NK33s. Now, we can have a private company building full-flow staged closed-cycle combustion engines. While we haven't been testing the limits of rockets, the physics and engineering behind them have advanced a long way and we're only now seeing those advances being applied at a large scale.
😅 You could just use alcohol (the piss of yeast) and an oxydizer. 🤔 To re-ignite the engine, you could just throw in some nitric acid and aniline, which would re-ignite the mixture of the alcohol and oxydizer. Rocket science is no quantum physics!😉
Fun Fact: In 1966 chemist Karl Kordesch build an electric motorcycle that was powered by a hydrazine fuel cell. He used a gallon of hydrazine for 200 miles.
Gelatin is the same reason you use pvt or dextrin to reduce crystal size. It acts as inhibiter of crystal growth and weakens the reaction making it happen slower and thus less destruction from that reaction
@@brianbethea3069-- Only an outlier bleach would feel need to tell the world how "regular" he is!! Where were you on the night of June 2nd, 1973? _What did you do to Jimmy Hoffa's body?!?_
9:43 There's also some water being generated here (presumably from the hydrogen lost when the urea converts into the isocyanate and the oxygen lost when the hypochlorite is reduced to the chloride).
What would concern me about anhydrous hydrazine is the instability. It's toxic enough, but compared to HCN it's almost innocuous. The MLD/oral for N2H4 is about 55mg/kg, where as HCN has an oral MLD of about 1 or 2 mg/kg. Btw, nice video. Hope you keep up the good work!
this is not anhydrous hydrazine otherwise shit would have gone wild, and gone wild fast it's hydrazine hydrate, remove that hydrate and you got the delicious rocket juice from my nightmares that rockets love
KCN orally I thought was about 5mg / Kg MLD50 but HCN oral (as opposed to inhalation) ? That surprises me, I thought HCN would only be by inhalation and I *thought* perhaps wrongly, that mg for mg, inhaled HCN was slightly more toxic than ingested KCN. It's H2S that always makes me wary - as it is relatively cheap / easy for anyone to make and after the initial smell, folks tend to thing it has dissipated as the nose is de-sensitized by it. Insidious, cheap and lethal.
You wasn't kidding. Bubbles were exactly at the rim. 1mm more and it would spill over. Glad I used a 1000 ml high form beaker rather then the low form. Gives you that bubbling room. In fact I use mostly high form beakers as they tend to mess up the counter more and capture the micro droplets alot better
Actually I personally don't have any access to bleach, but that pool chlorinating agent is commonly called bleaching powder and is pretty easy to get and cheap as well. About $2 for kilogram
I don't know why this video suddenly was suggested to me, but as a subscriber and regular watcher of both Nile Red and Nile Blue, I enjoy THIS type of technical video rather than the more recent "fun" videos that Nile Blue has. (yes, I'll still watch Nile Blue, but it's more of a "background" channel instead of a sit down and watch channel)
Hey, just for the record and science. I did the reaction in a 400g of urea scale (and generated my own NaClO because commercial ones were just too dilluted), and used something like 10g of EDTA instead of gelatin and the yield was pretty high. Keep up the good work :)
The gas that was released in the reaction (until heating to 85C) could not be CO2. It is bound in Na2CO3 too strongly - heating Na2CO3 solution will not release any CO2 (unlike NaHCO3), and moreover - if the excess of NaOH is present in the solution. It is not the formation of gas that pushes equilibrium to the right - it is formation of Na2CO3 where CO2 is so strongly held. The fact that NaOH excess was still present in the end is supported by the observation on H2SO4 addition - first little CO2 is formed (NaOH neutralised) and only later it forms. So, what was the gas? Most probably, a mixture of O2 (2NaClO = 2NaCl + O2) and N2 (N2H4 + 2NaClO = N2 + 2H2O + 2NaCl).
The plastic doesn't stop hydrozene from going into the air. As soon as you take it off it goes into the air. It doesn't make it go away. Just have a good fan on pumping lots of air out of the window
I have an interesting experiment for you. To produce sulphur trioxide with simple ingredients, 3 Na2S2O8 + 5 S ----> 8 SO3 + 3 Na2S by heating, it is strongly exhothermic, but by adding e.g. bentonite, this reaction can possibly be slowed down, and the sulphur trioxide can be distilled off in a refrigeration unit.
If hydrazine sulphate is soluble in water, how did it precipitate out at the end after adding sulphuric acid? There was water in the reaction mixture so it should have not precipitated out
How about using (partial) vacuum in the reaction + de-bubbling stopper!? Your reaction would have much higher yield and could be done at lower temperature even without cooling!
So I did some research and the concern is that uncooked portobello mushrooms contain faint amounts of Agaritine, which is a hydrazine and therefore be used to make rocket fuel. It’s important to note however that much simpler and easier methods of hydrazine synthesis exist. For example NileRed has a video in which he uses; bleach, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloride acid to make such.
Hydrazine might be toxic but it's a VERY useful chemical compound! I did not know you can produce it that way... I usually ordered it at SigmaAldrich... ;-) For purification you could have recrystallized the raw product with WATER! It exhibits a very low solubility in COLD water! ;-)
+Palerider1942 Don't mess around with hydrazine. Hydrazine leaks are a real problem around jets, and every incident I've heard of is treated as an emergency (because of it's toxicity).
Nilered: "i didn't want to put something that was contaminated with hydrazine in somewhere that i store my food" Also nilered: "i then measure out 100 mils of 50 50 water to sulfuric acid. this stuff was left in the freezer so it's probably around -15 C So... you can't put a very dilute solution of something that might explode in the freezer but you can put in a highly corrosive and concentrated acid in the freezer where it could potentially corrode the freezer and make your food acidic.
Nile I am interested in amine and its ability to trap CO2 when cool and release it when its heated. Also I would like to know more about its hazards and toxicity. Think you could possibly do a video on this?
Can you make a video on making sulphuric acid with a platinum electrode, then testing the boiled down acid with sugar to see if it dehydrates the sugar?
50ml of water with 50ml od conc. sulfuric acid won't give you 50% H2SO4 though. The percentage is usually referring to weight and 50ml of conc. sulfuric acid weigh about 92g, so you end up with 142g of a solution that's 64.8% H2SO4 by weight...
I know someone who was exposed to Hydrazine from an EPU in an F-16. He is screwed for life (As in, he breathed enough into his lungs to have the lungs of an 80 year-old even though he is 30) but has a decent paycheck from the VA.
I tried this out last night with I think some good success. It would be nice to know the quality of the sulfate precipitate. I am waiting for the product to dry out before weighing it. A few notes: 1) I think the reason NileRed got a good yield is actually due to the spill! During the heating phase I imagine some NH2:H2N got dissolved in the condensate on the plastic and walls of the beaker. The overflow looked like 50ml from watching the video. Could more NH2:H2N have been dissolved in the condensate than the in spilled stuff? 2) NH2:H2N.HSO4 has a solubility of ~20g/100ml. The experiment ends up with ~600ml tailings. Could there be more product available in the solution tailings? 3) I assume that the tailings are contaminated with NH2:H2N. That and the filter paper. How do I dispose of them properly? 4) I hope I didn't mess things up, but it seemed that I didn't have enough H2SO4, because the solution foamed a tiny bit, and there seemed to be incomplete precipitate. I added more acid. Bad? NaHSO4 is a little more soluble than Na2SO4... 5) Putting the acid in the freezer was brilliant. It helped me drizzle down the side of the beaker instead of using an eyedropper. 6) I started with 8.25% NaClO, and assuming a 5% loss of strength which meant I diluted 300ml of bleach with 200ml of water. It seriously looked like I was thus working with too dilute bleach. But it went okay. 7) Hand held vacuum pumps do not work really well, because I still ended up with a paste. 8) Why go with a bisulfate of hydrazine? Why not di-hydrazine sulfate? 9) There were no odors from the beaker until I started adding the acid and it started effervescing. Then, I had to open the garage wide. 10) What about using a fractional distillation column on a 1L flask to capture the aerialized NH2:H2N? 11) Some automatic stirring hot plates do not work very well between a stainless steal bowl. Some hot plates which claim to go up to 100 C don't (www.ebay.com/itm/131699117190). I had to carefully warm the side of the beaker with a torch. 12) The experiment took more time than anticipated (probably the faulty hot plate). 13) If I were to do this again with the "concentrated" bleach would it work or would I get more sulfate contamination? 14) I checked my vacuum flask this morning and found a thin silt deposit. Could it be more product? There is honestly too little to consider further extraction. 15) I noticed a different approach with ammonium sulfate instead of urea. The sulfate ion is already present. I believe that the solution would still have to be very alkaline at first and then acidified. Any thoughts? ... Someday I would like to make a Peltier hotplate making heating and refrigeration in the same place.
So I have prepared the salt with this method, but after some time I wanted to use it in a synthesis. But when I opened the bottle, there was a faint ammonia-like smell coming from the crystaline powder. Is there actually a chance that some base had made it into the product and actually created freebase hydrazine? The powder was well dried so there should not be any moisture present but maybe it picked some over time?
Sometimes you can't get pure bleach and it's mixed with things like sodium hydroxide, detergents, and additives, like in my area, but I was able to find some pool chlorine tablets that claimed to be pure TCCA.
@NileRed Would this be a safer reagent in luminol synthesis than straight hydrazine? I have to design a procedure for my orgo lab and I can't use straight hydrazine because my lab doesn't have the right safety precautions for it. Would this be a good substitute?
It was used in fuel back in the 70s and 80s in drag racing until it was outlawed because it was poison and it was so dangerous! btw is was mixed in fuel!
Will any kind of defoamer work without killing the reaction? Seems like gelatine gives the best yield, reducing the copious foaming would greatly simplify the procedure. I am aware that other chelating agents work, such as EDTA, but they seem to give lower yields.
How did you clean up that spill from when you were adding the acid? You said that this stuff is horribly toxic, but when the solution spills, you sort of gloss over it.
Hoffman as in the chemist who made LSD, or a different Hoffman? I know hydrazine is used in the manufacture of lsd but it’s also used for other stuff so I was just wondering.
ERIC SMITH Albert Hofmann who discovered LSD was born a few years after the death of August von Hofmann whom the reaction in this video was named after. Interestingly the latter is considered as one of organic chemistry‘s most important pioneers.
Lethal dose of hydrazine is 60 mg / kg. For hydrazine sulfate it is 10 times higher, so you have about half the dose there to eliminate an adult human.
Nice choice!! I would like to know why didn't you use a distillation process instead of adding sulfuric acid? if we can do so can we use any drying agent to dry our product?
nile that second reaction you did to get sodium hypochlorite from pool tablets you had it in a bath? could i bother you to give a few details like proper amounts, temp range etc? i need it in much more concentrated form than household bleaches, im experimenting with various oxidation and patinas for metal work. thank you
I wonder whether you'd need the gelatin or not if you used MilliQ or some other ultrapure water system; or would you figure that misc. metal ion contamination in storebought reagents/etc would still be enough to warrant using a chelator anyway?
+Westportlad I would guess "no." I wondered the same thing, not wanting to spend more money for 22g. From what I have found while researching was that the urea is mixed in with a lot of other "crap" and truly isolating it would fail. I looked into urea sulfate (a real compound) but found nothing... no detail... no solubility. I went ahead and bought it (5lbs for $13!). Again I used 22g. Well, at least I can make home made instant coldpacks for emergency prep.
He spoke so much more naturally in his older videos instead of that thing he does now where he constantly sounds like he's about to say "but..." or that something went wrong.
As a monopropellant passed across an Iridum catalyst, Yes. It also is useful as a primary rocket fuel when combined with an appropriate oxidizer like Nitrogen Tetroxide Its a hypergolic, Ie: it auto ignites when combined with an appropriate oxidizer, and needs no external ignition sources. Its also useable as a stable in storage fuel (when blended with suitible stabilizers) for ICBMs and assorted liquid fueled missiles. For example The Titan II ICBM and Gemini project booster used a 1:1 blend of hydrazine and UDMH (called Aerozine 50) It was also used in the lunar module. Basically - if a rocket engine is capable of being stoped and restarted in a vacuum - more than likely it uses a hypergolic fuel, and more than likely... uses some form of hydrazine. (The OMS engines on the space shuttle is another example)
I had an overflow after I added urea gelatin solution. It resembled volcanic eruption. It foamed slowly at beginning then shortly poof. Should I have continued reaction.
You should do a video where you make IRFNA and anhydrous hydrazine. You've already made red fuming nitric acid, you just need to remove most of the water and add ~1% iodine (assuming you don't have a safe-ish way of adding HF). I'd donate for such a video :)
I was once told that hydrazine containers were exempt from having pressure release valves because it was safer to just let them explode than off-gas
This is 110% true for 2-4-5 Trioxin as well (not to be confused with 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). It's much better to have a canister simply rupture all at once, than to have a canister vent little bursts of the compound over time. 2-4-5 Trioxin is EXTREMELY hazardous to nervous tissue, especially the central nervous system, and specifically the brain itself. It is directly neurotoxic in chemical form when a person is exposed, though it is more well-known due to its secondary mechanism of injury which is physical neurological tissue destruction and denaturing essentially via acidic digestion of the proteins. A terrifying chemical, truly. The stuff of horror movies and nightmares.
@@mannys9130 o lawd, that's nasty
@@mannys9130 now I want to boof 2-4-5 trioxin
O h
dinitranium persulfate
Huh, rocket fuel is made from piss jello.
Who'd have thought?
gunpowder starts in dirt .... why not :):):)
@Ungregistered User they mean blackpowder and yes codyslab has made that
Parliament empowered the Peter men [as in Saltpeter, aka Potassium Nitrate] in the 1600's [See Feb.1646 example link at end of this post] to dig anywhere in the country [including underneath your home bathroom] to get that precious liquid gold for the state!
King [England] Charles-I is said to have proclaimed as policy: _In 1626, King Charles I ordered “his loving subjects [to] carefully and constantly keep and preserve in some convenient vessels or receptacles, all the urine of man during the whole year, and all the stale of beasts which they can save and gather together whilst their beasts are in their stables and stalls, and that they be careful to use the best means of gathering together and preserving the urine and stale, without mixture of water or other thing put therein. Which our commandment and royal pleasure, being easy to observe, and so necessary for the public service of us and our people, that if any person do be remiss thereof we shall esteem all such persons contemptuous and ill affected both to our person and estate, and are resolved to proceed to the punishment of that offender with what severity we may."_
Feb.1646 saltpeter act by Parliament www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/acts-ordinances-interregnum/pp828-830
@@czdaniel1 *KNOCK* *KNOCK*
Who's there?
Constable Wiggums
Good day, constable. What may I do for you?
Oh, I'm just here to take the piss.
Very well. Piss off then.
Piss Jello 😂😂
NileRed -- This is almost the biggest compliment I can think of. You have improved on a chemplayer video. :D
+j_sum1 j_sum1 thanks :)
The mad science forum is quite phenomenal. Read some of the stuff there, lots of good out of the box thinking.
Tried this multiple times here's what I found:
1) using an EDTA solution (about 40 drops of 1M) works well as a chelating agent.
2) using a smaller volume of more concentrated bleach (not diluting it to 5%) seems to give a bigger yield (although there maybe impurities)
But it also give you way more foaming. I used 15% bleach and had foaming 5-7 times the initial volume.
@@emmepombar3328 cobalt - copper electrodes?
I'm glad you mentioned safety issues. The overflow was a real health fire risk.
I'm watching this in case I need to grow potatoes on Mars.
Robert Browne you can make gelatin out of alien bones.
Great book, must have read it 50 times
@@marialiyubman that was really good one
Watching this so I know how to make a thirst quenching drink
Pro-tip: I keep some ice made from DI water in the freezer and use that to dilute my acid.
Pro-er tip add acid to water instead of water to acid.
@@aaronsalisbury2717 Pro-er-er tip just store you reagents in a fridge or freezer
@@jebbyhut4711 pro tip: no flammables or fridge go KABOOM when turn on
2 Nile Red videos and 1 NurdRage video in one day! Awesome!
ikr
*****, I didn't know about your channel but I just subbed. Gonna check some of your videos later.
+Eduardo Walcacer one of the best chem chans :)
What a great day it was :)
watch list approved
"This is very very toxic"
I dunno, looks like gatorade to me
Looks like Gatorade, works like Georgetown Kool-aid.
Bottoms up! 🍻
the forbidden lemonade
a cup of benzene would look delicious if you were dying of dehydration
and you could drink it, but only once
same case here
Love Nile red in many ways I can learn while I'm lulled to sleep
Pool pellets tend to also have cyanuric acid in them (chlorine stabilizer). Could be why it didn't work. Might want to look into liquid pool chlorinator, which is just high-strength bleach solution with no stabilizer.
Gelatin may act as a capping agent to control particle size/ion interaction (see e.g. nanoparticle synthesis, colloids, etc.).
Would be really cool if you could make longer chain N with it. I wonder if that's what happens without the jello.
F16’s auxiliary power unit runs on hydrazine. When they were placed in service (yes I’m old) we were briefed that when F16s landed at our base to not approach if we saw a puddle under it and call Job Control to dispatch a wash down truck. Hydrazine is colorless odorless and hypergolic so it’s a simple and lighter APU motor for a single engine fighter. I wouldn’t mess with any of this based on a “utub” video.
Hydrazine does actually have an ammonia-like odor, but by the time you smell it it's too late.
how to make rocket fuel from pee and common household chemicals
He's already got red fuming nitric acid, all he needs is a rocket! (Anyone who's interested, there's a really fun book called "Ignition: An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellents" which covers the development of rocket fuels during the 50's and 60's as written by one of the guys who was there. Needless to say of chemistry for that time period, it's quite a story.
(It's easy to find a PDF for free online)
@@m1k3y48 there's never been a bigger rocket built since the Saturn V for the moon landing. Rocket science has digressed.. strange to think about strapping yourself to a massive bomb like that lol.
@@thedude9461 "Rocket science has digressed" no no no lol very very much no. Rocket science has not regressed, most governments just didn't want to fund rocketry projects after the space race. The closest thing anyone ever got to a closed cycle engine back then were the NK33s. Now, we can have a private company building full-flow staged closed-cycle combustion engines. While we haven't been testing the limits of rockets, the physics and engineering behind them have advanced a long way and we're only now seeing those advances being applied at a large scale.
😅 You could just use alcohol (the piss of yeast) and an oxydizer. 🤔 To re-ignite the engine, you could just throw in some nitric acid and aniline, which would re-ignite the mixture of the alcohol and oxydizer. Rocket science is no quantum physics!😉
@@m1k3y48 This book is just wonderful, I am delighted to read the first few pages. Thank you very much for the recommendation!
Fun Fact: In 1966 chemist Karl Kordesch build an electric motorcycle that was powered by a hydrazine fuel cell. He used a gallon of hydrazine for 200 miles.
drive 200 miles with the constant fear of death
Gelatin is the same reason you use pvt or dextrin to reduce crystal size. It acts as inhibiter of crystal growth and weakens the reaction making it happen slower and thus less destruction from that reaction
that bottle of "regular bleach" seems pretty suspicious.
I noticed that too. "Nope, nothing to see here officer, just some regular ol' bleach..."
@@brianbethea3069-- Only an outlier bleach would feel need to tell the world how "regular" he is!! Where were you on the night of June 2nd, 1973? _What did you do to Jimmy Hoffa's body?!?_
That's what other bleaches want you to think
If you watch enough of CodysLab videos, you'll be pronouncing it "bletch", lol.
@@jhyland87 nade ne luagh
9:43 There's also some water being generated here (presumably from the hydrogen lost when the urea converts into the isocyanate and the oxygen lost when the hypochlorite is reduced to the chloride).
It would be fun to see a diazammonium salt reaction, and make red dye color. I think it was one of the first dyes to be synthesized.
You can increase yield by adding EtOH after the sulfuric acid
Really Simple Synthesis with good results. Thank you ! In other syntheses I had a lot of problems.
What would concern me about anhydrous hydrazine is the instability. It's toxic enough, but compared to HCN it's almost innocuous. The MLD/oral for N2H4 is about 55mg/kg, where as HCN has an oral MLD of about 1 or 2 mg/kg. Btw, nice video. Hope you keep up the good work!
this is not anhydrous hydrazine
otherwise shit would have gone wild, and gone wild fast
it's hydrazine hydrate, remove that hydrate and you got the delicious rocket juice from my nightmares that rockets love
KCN orally I thought was about 5mg / Kg MLD50 but HCN oral (as opposed to inhalation) ? That surprises me, I thought HCN would only be by inhalation and I *thought* perhaps wrongly, that mg for mg, inhaled HCN was slightly more toxic than ingested KCN.
It's H2S that always makes me wary - as it is relatively cheap / easy for anyone to make and after the initial smell, folks tend to thing it has dissipated as the nose is de-sensitized by it. Insidious, cheap and lethal.
You wasn't kidding. Bubbles were exactly at the rim. 1mm more and it would spill over. Glad I used a 1000 ml high form beaker rather then the low form. Gives you that bubbling room. In fact I use mostly high form beakers as they tend to mess up the counter more and capture the micro droplets alot better
Actually I personally don't have any access to bleach, but that pool chlorinating agent is commonly called bleaching powder and is pretty easy to get and cheap as well. About $2 for kilogram
Where do you live that you can’t get bleach?
The forbidden lemonade looks exquisitely refreshing.
I don't know why this video suddenly was suggested to me, but as a subscriber and regular watcher of both Nile Red and Nile Blue, I enjoy THIS type of technical video rather than the more recent "fun" videos that Nile Blue has. (yes, I'll still watch Nile Blue, but it's more of a "background" channel instead of a sit down and watch channel)
Hey, just for the record and science. I did the reaction in a 400g of urea scale (and generated my own NaClO because commercial ones were just too dilluted), and used something like 10g of EDTA instead of gelatin and the yield was pretty high. Keep up the good work :)
So the edta serves the role of protecting from metal ions then right?
H,C,N, and O.... Those 4 elements... It's amazing what you can make with just weird combos of 4 basic elements.
Toss in P, S, CL, and K and you can make almost everything.
DNA is one of the most interesting by far.❤
As one of my favorite lines from the Martian states, “Hydrazine, is some serious death”
The gas that was released in the reaction (until heating to 85C) could not be CO2. It is bound in Na2CO3 too strongly - heating Na2CO3 solution will not release any CO2 (unlike NaHCO3), and moreover - if the excess of NaOH is present in the solution. It is not the formation of gas that pushes equilibrium to the right - it is formation of Na2CO3 where CO2 is so strongly held. The fact that NaOH excess was still present in the end is supported by the observation on H2SO4 addition - first little CO2 is formed (NaOH neutralised) and only later it forms.
So, what was the gas? Most probably, a mixture of O2 (2NaClO = 2NaCl + O2) and N2 (N2H4 + 2NaClO = N2 + 2H2O + 2NaCl).
The plastic doesn't stop hydrozene from going into the air. As soon as you take it off it goes into the air. It doesn't make it go away. Just have a good fan on pumping lots of air out of the window
I have an interesting experiment for you.
To produce sulphur trioxide with simple ingredients, 3 Na2S2O8 + 5 S ----> 8 SO3 + 3 Na2S by heating, it is strongly exhothermic, but by adding e.g. bentonite, this reaction can possibly be slowed down, and the sulphur trioxide can be distilled off in a refrigeration unit.
How did you clean up that spill? Watching hydrazine bubble over almost gave me a heart attack
A very interesting video. I didn't knew this method.
If you need to wash your product, why to not use cold ethanol?
because it won't dissolve the sodium sulfate minor contaminant so that would be pointless
If hydrazine sulphate is soluble in water, how did it precipitate out at the end after adding sulphuric acid? There was water in the reaction mixture so it should have not precipitated out
How about using (partial) vacuum in the reaction + de-bubbling stopper!?
Your reaction would have much higher yield and could be done at lower temperature even without cooling!
#truth
So I did some research and the concern is that uncooked portobello mushrooms contain faint amounts of Agaritine, which is a hydrazine and therefore be used to make rocket fuel. It’s important to note however that much simpler and easier methods of hydrazine synthesis exist. For example NileRed has a video in which he uses; bleach, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloride acid to make such.
Hydrazine might be toxic but it's a VERY useful chemical compound! I did not know you can produce it that way... I usually ordered it at SigmaAldrich... ;-) For purification you could have recrystallized the raw product with WATER! It exhibits a very low solubility in COLD water! ;-)
Done this 3+ times, thanks for the great info!
Can you use this as hypergolic fuel
Also, can u use CMC powder instead of gelatin
how do you clean up the hydrazine solution that spilled out during the foaming reaction?
I personally lick it
Once spilled, it'll be there forever. You can't clean. It's impossible.
You move to a new state and pretend you always lived there
Light a match and pretend you had time to run?
Bleach just pour it on the spill
I process alcahol into acetaldehyde on a nearly nightly basis, it may be my favorite reaction.
in presence of antabuse catalyst your yield of acetaldehyde will increase dramatically ;^)
ok, just for exploring the science, how would pure hydrazine be extracted from this? would it be distilled off before the sulphuric acid was added?
+Palerider1942 Yes. However, that is really dangerous.
i would imagine. hot hydrazine vapours going about? damn. i wonder how its made in bulk for rockets?
+Palerider1942
Don't mess around with hydrazine. Hydrazine leaks are a real problem around jets, and every incident I've heard of is treated as an emergency (because of it's toxicity).
oh i have no intention, nor the ability, to produce hydrazine, i just watch for the science :)
well if i wasnt already put off of teh whole hydrazine thing. i certainly am now XD
Nilered: "i didn't want to put something that was contaminated with hydrazine in somewhere that i store my food"
Also nilered: "i then measure out 100 mils of 50 50 water to sulfuric acid. this stuff was left in the freezer so it's probably around -15 C
So... you can't put a very dilute solution of something that might explode in the freezer but you can put in a highly corrosive and concentrated acid in the freezer where it could potentially corrode the freezer and make your food acidic.
Instead of celane wrap couldnt we use a reflux condensor on top of a round bottom flask
Nile I am interested in amine and its ability to trap CO2 when cool and release it when its heated. Also I would like to know more about its hazards and toxicity. Think you could possibly do a video on this?
Hydrazine is used in boiler systems as an O2 scavenger and metal passivation chemical
The case of the missing sulfuric acid
Can you make a video on making sulphuric acid with a platinum electrode, then testing the boiled down acid with sugar to see if it dehydrates the sugar?
When you use cold baths its a good idea to circulate the water using a pump.
Does the spilled solution on the hot plate contain hydrazine? How is it cleaned up? You have a fume hood but not a separate fridge for chemicals?
50ml of water with 50ml od conc. sulfuric acid won't give you 50% H2SO4 though. The percentage is usually referring to weight and 50ml of conc. sulfuric acid weigh about 92g, so you end up with 142g of a solution that's 64.8% H2SO4 by weight...
Can you or have you made a video on how to use or draw the hexagon structure connecting chemicals thingy?
I know someone who was exposed to Hydrazine from an EPU in an F-16. He is screwed for life (As in, he breathed enough into his lungs to have the lungs of an 80 year-old even though he is 30) but has a decent paycheck from the VA.
Couldn't he just get his lungs washed?
Aw Nile, that thermometer stirring... :D
*board rubber flies past head*
"Oi! Do not use the lab thermometers to stir your experiments!"
*Watches nilered video and twitches*
I tried this out last night with I think some good success. It would be nice to know the quality of the sulfate precipitate. I am waiting for the product to dry out before weighing it. A few notes:
1) I think the reason NileRed got a good yield is actually due to the spill! During the heating phase I imagine some NH2:H2N got dissolved in the condensate on the plastic and walls of the beaker. The overflow looked like 50ml from watching the video. Could more NH2:H2N have been dissolved in the condensate than the in spilled stuff?
2) NH2:H2N.HSO4 has a solubility of ~20g/100ml. The experiment ends up with ~600ml tailings. Could there be more product available in the solution tailings?
3) I assume that the tailings are contaminated with NH2:H2N. That and the filter paper. How do I dispose of them properly?
4) I hope I didn't mess things up, but it seemed that I didn't have enough H2SO4, because the solution foamed a tiny bit, and there seemed to be incomplete precipitate. I added more acid. Bad? NaHSO4 is a little more soluble than Na2SO4...
5) Putting the acid in the freezer was brilliant. It helped me drizzle down the side of the beaker instead of using an eyedropper.
6) I started with 8.25% NaClO, and assuming a 5% loss of strength which meant I diluted 300ml of bleach with 200ml of water. It seriously looked like I was thus working with too dilute bleach. But it went okay.
7) Hand held vacuum pumps do not work really well, because I still ended up with a paste.
8) Why go with a bisulfate of hydrazine? Why not di-hydrazine sulfate?
9) There were no odors from the beaker until I started adding the acid and it started effervescing. Then, I had to open the garage wide.
10) What about using a fractional distillation column on a 1L flask to capture the aerialized NH2:H2N?
11) Some automatic stirring hot plates do not work very well between a stainless steal bowl. Some hot plates which claim to go up to 100 C don't (www.ebay.com/itm/131699117190). I had to carefully warm the side of the beaker with a torch.
12) The experiment took more time than anticipated (probably the faulty hot plate).
13) If I were to do this again with the "concentrated" bleach would it work or would I get more sulfate contamination?
14) I checked my vacuum flask this morning and found a thin silt deposit. Could it be more product? There is honestly too little to consider further extraction.
15) I noticed a different approach with ammonium sulfate instead of urea. The sulfate ion is already present. I believe that the solution would still have to be very alkaline at first and then acidified. Any thoughts?
... Someday I would like to make a Peltier hotplate making heating and refrigeration in the same place.
+Sean Walton Do you know what your yield is?
+Nile Red
14.9g
:(
Sean Walton that isnt TOO bad!
where does the carbon come from in this reaction?
That chipped beaker has been irking me for weeks😂.
Adam Harrington you pointed it out why😖
Maybe it's supposed to be like that, to keep the thermometer in place?
Also for pouring necked bottles
So I have prepared the salt with this method, but after some time I wanted to use it in a synthesis. But when I opened the bottle, there was a faint ammonia-like smell coming from the crystaline powder. Is there actually a chance that some base had made it into the product and actually created freebase hydrazine? The powder was well dried so there should not be any moisture present but maybe it picked some over time?
@NipeRed thank you for the share
Sometimes you can't get pure bleach and it's mixed with things like sodium hydroxide, detergents, and additives, like in my area, but I was able to find some pool chlorine tablets that claimed to be pure TCCA.
Could you make a Video abou a Wolff-Kisher Readuction using the Hydrazine? :)
may be not spectacular but educational I think
@NileRed Would this be a safer reagent in luminol synthesis than straight hydrazine? I have to design a procedure for my orgo lab and I can't use straight hydrazine because my lab doesn't have the right safety precautions for it. Would this be a good substitute?
damn nilered was throwin mad shade at chemplayer in this video
Hydrazine sounds like a name you'd find as a trademark sports drink.
It was used in fuel back in the 70s and 80s in drag racing until it was outlawed because it was poison and it was so dangerous! btw is was mixed in fuel!
Will any kind of defoamer work without killing the reaction? Seems like gelatine gives the best yield, reducing the copious foaming would greatly simplify the procedure. I am aware that other chelating agents work, such as EDTA, but they seem to give lower yields.
Hydrazine is very good for reducing graphene oxide back to graphene or other hard to reduce oxides like WO3.
a gas?
so when using a vacuum pump you put the reaction equilibrium to the product side --> better yields
8:58 well youtube... when a nitrogen and a carbon love each other very much...
Very nice, thank-you!
Well done!
This is the first one that makes me question your sanity.
How did you clean up that spill from when you were adding the acid? You said that this stuff is horribly toxic, but when the solution spills, you sort of gloss over it.
sodium hypochlorite if i remember correctly destroys the hydrazine so he could do that
AYO HE MENTIONED ITS DANGEROUS IN A PODCAST I DIDNT KNOW HE ACTUALLY DID AN EXPERIMENT
how did you determine your yield without knowing how pure your product is? you didnt do any melting point tests or recristallization, right?
Hoffman as in the chemist who made LSD, or a different Hoffman? I know hydrazine is used in the manufacture of lsd but it’s also used for other stuff so I was just wondering.
ERIC SMITH Albert Hofmann who discovered LSD was born a few years after the death of August von Hofmann whom the reaction in this video was named after. Interestingly the latter is considered as one of organic chemistry‘s most important pioneers.
@@bnkhlhs9214 august or albert?
Lethal dose of hydrazine is 60 mg / kg. For hydrazine sulfate it is 10 times higher, so you have about half the dose there to eliminate an adult human.
Which is worse?
Is it possible to make hydrazine hydrate?
Reaction equation please. Love your vids man.
2:25 on to 2:35
Oops, I accidentally imagined nitric acid rather then sulfuric acid. Shoot, time to start over and watch it correctly this time
Nice choice!! I would like to know why didn't you use a distillation process instead of adding sulfuric acid? if we can do so can we use any drying agent to dry our product?
@8.35 Although clearly this is different from the Hofmann elimination, which is an entriely different reaction.
YEE!!! Super metamorfoze!!! Organik - Nonorganik
nile that second reaction you did to get sodium hypochlorite from pool tablets you had it in a bath? could i bother you to give a few details like proper amounts, temp range etc? i need it in much more concentrated form than household bleaches, im experimenting with various oxidation and patinas for metal work.
thank you
I wonder whether you'd need the gelatin or not if you used MilliQ or some other ultrapure water system; or would you figure that misc. metal ion contamination in storebought reagents/etc would still be enough to warrant using a chelator anyway?
Store-bought bleach contains significant amounts of metal contamination
Fans: Why wont you make it?!
NileRed: Cause I like my house... and hair.
time for a nice fresh glass of lemonadeeee
Thank you NileRed you have inspired me to peruse chemistry in university. I also have a question is it possible to extract urea out of urine?
Just buy it...
+RealChemistry lool:))
Chem Player have a video about it.
+Westportlad
I would guess "no." I wondered the same thing, not wanting to spend more money for 22g. From what I have found while researching was that the urea is mixed in with a lot of other "crap" and truly isolating it would fail. I looked into urea sulfate (a real compound) but found nothing... no detail... no solubility. I went ahead and bought it (5lbs for $13!). Again I used 22g. Well, at least I can make home made instant coldpacks for emergency prep.
Sean Walton ahahahahahhahahahahahahahah, bro, never challenge nile.
What is that type of syringe called that you start using around 12:20?
A volumetric pipet
They have hydrazine for our GPU’s. Smells like almonds when burnt. (Don’t breathe the fumes before or after)
Thanks, very useful reagernt!
He spoke so much more naturally in his older videos instead of that thing he does now where he constantly sounds like he's about to say "but..." or that something went wrong.
Should I cool the urea-gelatin solution too? Or let it just cool down to room temp and then use it right away?
Man you sound completely different than newer videos
Is hydrazine acid good for precipitating gold from quartz rock?
wasn't hydrazine used as a RCS thruster propellant?
As a monopropellant passed across an Iridum catalyst, Yes.
It also is useful as a primary rocket fuel when combined with an appropriate oxidizer like Nitrogen Tetroxide
Its a hypergolic, Ie: it auto ignites when combined with an appropriate oxidizer, and needs no external ignition sources.
Its also useable as a stable in storage fuel (when blended with suitible stabilizers) for ICBMs and assorted liquid fueled missiles.
For example The Titan II ICBM and Gemini project booster used a 1:1 blend of hydrazine and UDMH (called Aerozine 50)
It was also used in the lunar module.
Basically - if a rocket engine is capable of being stoped and restarted in a vacuum - more than likely it uses a hypergolic fuel, and more than likely... uses some form of hydrazine.
(The OMS engines on the space shuttle is another example)
I had an overflow after I added urea gelatin solution. It resembled volcanic eruption. It foamed slowly at beginning then shortly poof. Should I have continued reaction.
Its uses to make lsd,the best use
You should do a video where you make IRFNA and anhydrous hydrazine. You've already made red fuming nitric acid, you just need to remove most of the water and add ~1% iodine (assuming you don't have a safe-ish way of adding HF). I'd donate for such a video :)
fucking die% chemistry edition™