Polar, Non-Polar, and Ionic Compounds: Explanation, Examples, and Practice
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 4 ต.ค. 2024
- Learn to determine if a molecule is polar or nonpolar based on the polarity between bonds and the molecular geometry (shape).
We start with the polarity between bonds using the electronegativity (EN) values on the Periodic Table provided. After that we’ll look at how the shape of the molecule, based on VSEPR, allows us to determine if the entire molecule is polar or nonpolar.
In the video you will also learn how to deal with unbonded electron pairs (lone) and how it affects the symmetry and polarity of molecules.
To help you learn and retain knowledge practice problems, with solutions, are provided throughout the video.
Contents:
Finding is a bond between two atoms is polar or nonpolar.
Practice.
Finding is molecules are symmetrical and how this impacts polarity.
Practice.
The role of unbonded electron pairs on molecular shape and polarity.
Practice
Wrap up on polar and nonpolar molecules.
Get more chemistry help at www.thegeoexcha...
Molecular Shapes done with PhET's free online website:
phet.colorado....
Drawing/writing done in InkScape. Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
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Dr.B out of all the 7 hrs I have studied chemistry for the past 2 days, I have dealt with just memorizing concepts and not understanding it at all. All I needed to do was watch a 9 minute video like yours to truly understand this perfectly. Thank You!!!. You are such a big help. I wish I should have seen this video earlier.
That is most encouraging to hear - I spent a lot of time and effort on this particular video. Thank you for commenting!
Today is my 1st time I see his video I am really happy because I really understand. I passed more days without catching anything .
Now I am ready for my 3 tests next week while continuing to watch all I need on this chanel.
Thank you Dr B
@@wbreslynSame here! This video - and the animations that demonstrate the concept - just made the concept click for me. THANK YOU! You’re a brilliant educator 🎉
He has a magnificent and simple way in explaining this. Thank you so much! Will definitely help me for my finals in a couple weeks.
All the best on your finals! --- Dr. B
9:29
How’d they go?
Huge thanks to you from Scotland, Doctor B! I'm a mature student in my mid-40's, studying chemistry for the first time in my life and your videos have been a massive help to me along the way. You make complicated/complex theories easier to understand. Take a bow!
I love you bro you saved my life for my chemistry test tomorrow
I literally only had to watch about an hour total of your youtube videos to totally understand what took my hours to understand throughout the weeks of classes related to these topics. Thank you so much for your perfect editing, visuals and so easy to understand explanations!!
You are most welcome!
Thank you for your clarity and easy to follow I wasn't understanding the difference in polor molecule and polar bond. But your step by step instructions made it possible.
This is the only video that made sense to me. All the other videos that I watched I did not understand. You did a great job at explaining it to someone that had a hard time to understand it
Glad I could help! --- Dr. B
I love your videos - anytime I need to look up a lewis dot structure or want a concise explanation, I click on your videos! :) THANK YOU!
Thank you so much for your videos, with this, reading my book, and practicing, I think I will get an A tomorrow on my exam. Thanks from a current Biochem major in NM, with your help I hope to never deter from my path. Thank you, thank you, thank you!!!!
All the best on your exam tomorrow and in your Biochem degree! It sounds like you have a solid approach that will serve you well. ---- Dr. B
Thankyou so much to explain very easily and straightforward. I was having really hard time to understand this concept from three days.
Thankyou so much really appreciate your hard work.
Happy to help!
Thank you so much for your work. I have a better understanding after watching your videos. I must say that all that time struggling was solved by a 4min video. Keep well.
You are most welcome!
I just want to say thank you for such a thorough and amazing explanation. I have a test tomorrow and I know that I will pass it thanks to this. I've binged so many videos.
All the best on your test!
Dr. B is Amazing!! I love all of your videos. Going back to school is challenging for me and I do not remember any chemistry material back from high school and you are here for me and for all of us. You help me understand the material better and you explain in in such a clear way that it becomes easier for me to understand the topic. Huge Thank You!!! I really truly appreciate your help and effort!!!
Thanks for the kind words! All the best back in school!
As a mature student, I have been struggling with this topic. Thank you for your wonderful explanation. :-)
Glad I could help! --- Dr. B
Thank you thank you thank you thank you thank you thank you....
You are the best teacher on TH-cam i wish i knew your helpful channel before because it really helped me a LOT 💛💛💛💛💛💛
You're very welcome!
im so glad i found your channel! this was explained way better than my professors notes. like no offense to her but she shouldn't be qualified to teach. she has a really low rating on rate my professor (she was my only option when i signed up) but your videos are really saving my life here! thank you!
SO ELEGANTLY EXPLAINED tysm ❤
you've been helping me for over two years in chemistry and I just want to say,
thank you :)
You are most welcome!
Thank you so much sir, you are seriously amazing and saving me from failing this course!
All the best in your chemistry course! --- Dr. B
I really appreciate your visual explanation of polarity. Thanks! It really helped me. The one thing that would make it even better is if you showed the values for electronegativity for each of the atoms as you determined the shape of the molecule.
What a great video! One of the simplest and easiest chemistry video I have ever watched. May Allah bless you.
Thank you for the kind words!
i have no word to praise, excellent lecture
this was extremely helpful thank you!!
very very ....clear thank you professor.
Thank you very much for uploading these videos!
Great way to refresh our memories during winter break.
thank you so muchhh I had been confused in class until I watched this
Happy to help!
Very much helpful. Nice explanation with these animations.
Thank you very much. You got a magnificent way of studying buddy. Keep up.
It's my pleasure!
Thank you so much doc I really appreciate your effort you are doing a heroic act I have an online exam tomorrow and this video and a bunch of other videos helped me very much so thanks.
Thank you sir for all of your super helpful videos. I appreciate your work a lot because it helps me to study chemistry better. I have a question for this video: when we look at the symmetry, do we look at the electron geometry or molecular geometry? Thank you!
Thank you sir
Love from India
Very good definition sir thanks so much.
thank you so much @ Wayne Breslyn for this video. With this I am now able to solve polarity questions much faster. Your other videos like the one on Lewis Structure has also helped me a lot. :)
Great video Dr. Thanks for sharing!
My pleasure!
@@wbreslyn Mr. Breslyn I'm just a chem. hobbyist. Please explain to me how C 12 is an isotope when the proton & neutron count are the same? Thanks so much
@@conniepierce328
Great to hear there are chem hobbyist out there!
It really doesn't matter that the protons and neutrons are the same or not with. These videos might help:
th-cam.com/video/dBiMh4315Zk/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/j0xDtpT7_hQ/w-d-xo.html
@@wbreslyn Thanks I watched the video and subscribed. Very helpful!
@@conniepierce328 Excellent!
Your channel is a great supplement to my learning.
I appreciate the visuals! The software visuals helped understand how each pair of electrons interacted in the compound.
Thanks, I was hoping the visuals would help - they are what I think of in my mind as a chemist. You can play with them at phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/molecule-shapes/latest/molecule-shapes_en.html .
--- Dr. B
Hi Dr. Bresyln
I am an older student wanting to return to university when I retire. I have all the credits required to go direct to university but decided to review my last year of high school chemistry courses and some other math, physics also. With the quality of online teaching with this Covid you have saved me from incredible frustrations from the lack of quality online teaching materials from my local school boards.
I see you have many videos on formula conversion. Would it be possible to post more on conversions? Molecules to atoms, moles using Avogadro's number, etc. Just examples going back and forth one step at a time. I know it is really simple once I do a few but for whatever reason I haven't done enough to grasp the concept for when I go to more advanced courses. I am presently in inorganic chemistry and will be doing organic soon and that will be a challenge. Thank you.
Glad I can help with the chem! The conversions are always a tough for students of all ages. These are my videos that cover the big concepts (with examples):
Molar Mass in Three Easy Steps: th-cam.com/video/o3MMBO8WxjY/w-d-xo.html
Understanding the Mole: th-cam.com/video/DyLktMPTuHY/w-d-xo.html
Moles - Gram Conversions: th-cam.com/video/aIv5nr8ZNyw/w-d-xo.html
How to Balance Chemical Equations: th-cam.com/video/zmdxMlb88Fs/w-d-xo.html
Mole Ratio: th-cam.com/video/i71BMVlrMiw/w-d-xo.html
Reaction Stoichiometry: th-cam.com/video/rrTqOsZPpaU/w-d-xo.html
Organic chemistry is an entirely different can of worms! Lots of memorization there. Making flashcards helped me a ton in college.
Hey Dr. B. Thank you very much ! I was taking notes through this video. This video is very understandable.
Awesome! This is one of my favorite videos. Good to hear it helped. --- Dr. B
Very helpful and friendly. Thanks a lot!!
Glad I could help with polarity! --- Dr. B
this is really helpful, please continue making videos
Thanks, I'm working on a few more right now... --- Dr. B
Great work sir👍
Thanks a lot!
thank you. now i understand the non polar and polar
Excellent! Polar and non-polar bonds are a key concept in chemistry. --- Dr. B
We need more videos from you, sir.
Very nice explanation
Thank you!
Thank you very much Sir! I found it very useful.
Excellent! Polarity is an important concept in chemistry. --- Dr. B
Thank you Dr. B!
You are most welcome! -- Dr. B
Thanks for this amazing video.
You are most welcome! --- Dr. B
Amazing sir!
Thanks! I put a lot of effort into this particular video! --- Dr B
It's a good explanation
Thank you so much Dr.B you're blessing to my JEE preparation
All the best with JEE!
@@wbreslyn I'm not gaining confidence due to online studies:(
@@mitalimsonkamble2944 Online studies are very, very difficult for most students. One recommendation would be to look at past exams and work especially on areas where you are weak. If you can discuss and solve the problems with a group of peers on Zoom that is even better. Wishing the best for you!
Thank you for the information
thank you so much sir, it helped a lot, continue making videos
No problem, I will! --- Dr. B
Hugely helpful.
Glad it was helpful!
Sir please make a video on H-bond
If you understand polarity then h-bonding isn't too difficult.
Just look at the polar molecule for water and imagine all of the positive sides (where the hydrogen atoms are) being attracted to the negative side (the oxygen side). It's similar to how the poles of magnets will attract or repel. For hydrogen bonding It's a very weak bond, more of an attraction, but does influence how atoms behave. --- Dr. B
Thank you very very much, this really helped me to understand polarity and different bonding shapes of molecules. Great help for my upcoming Chemistry paper
You are welcome and all the best with your chemistry paper! --- Dr. B
Dr. B., both ethanol and detergent(dish soap) are amphipathic, right? So, when using for cleaning, why ethanol can damage plastic (make it drier, etc) and detergent can`t? I read a manual saying to use detergent and water instead of ethanol to clean a plastic device...
Sir please explain polar and non polar molecules on the basis of Centre of mass of positive and negative charges.
i dunno how to thank u sir ..... i just wanna .....thank u sir..... :)
You are most welcome!
Now this is what I wanted
Glad I could help! --- Dr. B
Love your videos and often recommend them to my students. I hesitate to use this one because your values on the continuum are 2.0 and 0.5. I use 1.8 and 0.4. Different books give different values. How should I explain this to students? Is it like the visible spectrum where there is no clear line between frequencies of light?
Some books use 1.7 as well. It is helpful to think of a compound as having different amounts of ionic (or covalent character). I like your analogy of the visible spectrum. Students won't find it as interesting but behind these values are decisions scientists have made based on their own knowledge and the problems they are trying to solve.
@@wbreslyn Thank you. Makes complete sense. I often tell students that we make rules to attempt to describe the universe. The universe does not necessarily have to follow our rules.
@@jamesquebedeaux3950 You are right about that! I also like to tell that that the instances where the rules aren't followed is a window into a deeper understanding. Not sure they see it that way, though.
Tnk u sir🤗
Welcome 😊
Thank you so much
You're most welcome!
Please Can you tell me how AlP is ionic even tho this formula doesn’t work?
Very Nice Video Go A Head
Thanks!
Thank you for explaining this in normal terms. Can you be my teacher please.
thank u man!
Welcome!
Hello sir, can you explain why polar solute can only dissolve in polar solvent?
I'm unable to understand this part
It has to do with the oppositely charged atoms on different molecules attracting each other.
This discussion might help
chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/170solutions.html
--- Dr. B
@@wbreslyn thank you sir
legend
Thanks!
Thanks a lot sir🍫🍫🍫🎈
You're welcome! -- Dr. B
Thank you!!!
You're welcome!
Sir ,if I may ask how do we find the electronegativity from the period table 😢
Pretty much look it up. But it helps to know F is the most electronegative and it decreases form there. This might help - th-cam.com/video/j7laiQa2KDE/w-d-xo.html
Why 2.20-3.16= 0.96? I thought is -0.96 so HCl is non-polar
Please Dr tell me the name of the software you are using to draw and show electronigativity cloud
Here it is:
phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/molecule-shapes/latest/molecule-shapes_en.html
Very powerful for learning (and free!).
What is he using at 6:08
PhET app. It is something is awesome for visualizing molecules (and free):
phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/molecule-shapes/latest/molecule-shapes_en.html
I thought to determine whether non polar or polar it was based off of molecules only.
Why is Aluminum Chloride polar?
Thank you sir
You are welcome. Glad I could help with polarity! --- Dr. B
not all superheroes wear capes
Hi there Dr.B, I was wondering how you can figure out if it a polar or non-polar molecule without looking at the 3d rendering software you had. I have a test upcoming where such aids won't be allowed, I was wondering how I can figure out if it is symetrical or not in that case. Thanks in advance!
For smile compounds, like HCl you just look at the electromagnetic values. For things like CH4 you can try to visualize their shapes in your mind: VSEPR: th-cam.com/video/Moj85zwdULg/w-d-xo.html
Sometimes teachers will just ask about the polarity of a bond, not the whole molecule. So read the question carefully!
Sir why you have not put the two lone pair of elelectron in opposite directions???
For water the two lone pairs are on the opposite side of the hydrogen atoms. We call the electron geometry for water tetrahedral. (The molecular geometry is bent.) Often the way we draw the Lewis Structure does not reflect the actual polarity or molecular geometry of the molecule. That's where VSEPR comes in. ---- Dr. B
You’re awesome
Thank you! --- Dr. B
Sir I'm not understanding the reason why tetrahedral molecules are nonpolar if they consist of carbon bonded to 4 of the same element? Can you plss replyy
The bonds may be polar but overall since the molecule is symmetrical they cancel out. This discussion might help:
www.quora.com/Why-is-CCl4-not-polar
- Dr. B
i'm still don't know what electronegativity ?
And sir plz tell me how can we corelate bond order with bond angle
Like NO2+ NO2 - And NO2 arrange in increasing b. Angle
Sir how can we do via bond order plz plz tell me ?
check these pages out ... seem well done:
chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/Organic_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Map%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(Bruice)/01._Electronic_Structure_and_Bonding_(Acids_and_Bases)/1.14_Summary%3A_Hybridization%2C_Bond_Lengths%2C_Bond_Strengths%2C_and_Bond_Angles
www.quora.com/What-is-the-relation-of-Bond-Angle-with-Bond-Order-or-Bond-Energy
You're goated - an algerian who studies in French
Excellent!
I do not understand why water is not a symmetric molecule and in this picture it seems to me that there is a mirror plane that divides the molecule into two equal parts ://i2.wp.com/blog.doublehelix.csiro.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/symmetry1.jpg?ssl=1 Thanks
There is symmetry, much like human beings are bilaterally symmetrical. But because of the bent molecular geometry there is a negative side (with the oxygen) and a positive side (the hydrogen atoms). so the entire molecule is not symmetrical and that leads to a net diopole and water being a polar molecule.
This page might help some:
ch301.cm.utexas.edu/section2.php?target=imfs/vsepr/shape-dipole.html
--- Dr. B
@@wbreslyn Thank you very much for your response and quality explanation. Do unbound electron pairs contribute to the asymmetry of the water molecule or are only atoms viewed?
@@mirjanavrdoljak899 They contribute in the sense that they push the Hydrogen atoms down in the water molecule. This results in the H atoms being on one side and the O atom being on the other.
Take a look at:
VSEPR: th-cam.com/video/Moj85zwdULg/w-d-xo.html
Do you mean we have to memorize all the electronegativity of the molecules?
There is actually a pattern on the periodic table for electronegativity. An easy way to remember is that F is the most electronegative. As you go to the left it decreases and as you go down it decreases as well.
This might be helpful:
chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Periodic_Trends_of_Elemental_Properties/Periodic_Trends
--- Dr. B
Can you please tell me which program you used to draw moleculs in this manner? It is appeared the moving of bonds and angles when you drowing and make it easy to illustrate. Please if somebody have an idea about the program name please inform me
Good question. I use a number of tools and increasingly I’m trying to use only open source software.
Lately I’ve used InkScape for the writing (free). It is vector based so it gives the writing a very smooth feel.
For image manipulation I use Krita (free).
Animations are usually done in OpenToonz (free) although I’ve not done much since it takes a lot of time.
For screen recording I use Camtasia Studio (costs money). This isn’t open source. I also do my cleanup and editing using
Camtasia Studio. Many of the fades and transitions are done in Camtasia.
I’m using a Dell Insprion notebook computer with Windows 10 and a Yeti Blue Microphone. My writing tablet is a Wacom Bamboo.
There are a lot of moving pieces, but they make the process more enjoyable and the outcome more useful.
--- Dr. B
@@wbreslyn Thank you Sir, I am a PhD student at Newcastle University, and I am seeking to improve my teaching skills, the manner you used is really clear, so that I am wondering if it is possible to make a video about drawing and moving bonds and angles in your drawing manner. In my project I use Xp to draw (.res) files for X-ray and sometimes using mercury,but now I am really interesting to learn your method in drawing molecules
Many Thanks
Atheer
a.m.m.al-rammahi@ncl.ac.uk
I think you might be talking about the visualizations of the molecules?
For this particular video I used the apps at phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/chemistry (specifically the molecular shapes) for the visualizations. They are top notch, tested with students, and available at no cost with no ads. Just really solid stuff. I can't say enough good things about PhET.
I'm working, slowly, on chem ed content (stoichiometry) this month. It would be great to get some feedback from someone with the chem skills. Email me if you'd be interested... www.breslyn.org/connect.php
--- Dr. B
Does anybody know the app he uses at 4:35 ?
Here you go!
phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/molecule-shapes/latest/molecule-shapes_en.html
@@wbreslyn thanks!
Methnol CH 3OH how is it
Polar...
th-cam.com/video/vKhk9bycbis/w-d-xo.html
--- Dr. B
BrCl is polar.
💜💜💜
1900th like
Wow, almost to 2K!
@@wbreslyn tq for replying genius
T'y you
No problem! --- Dr. B