This is how chemistry needs to be taught. There are no leaps or unexplained events in this video, it is a complete, concise, logical path from beginning to end. I am so glad there are people who understand the difference between presenting information and education.
Thanks for the comment and suggestions. This was one of my first attempts at creating a TH-cam video, and I agree that there are certainly some ways to improve it. I like the suggestion of an alternate with genuine fragments. I have had my eye on this as one lesson which I would like to revisit and apply all that I have learned and developed over the past year making micro-lectures for my channel. Maybe the time is drawing near :-)
Hi Brian. No worries. You are absolutely right! The right hand rule of physics predicts that the ions would fall away from the page or out of the page depending on the exact direction of the field lines.Showing the exact motions and the field lines in three dimensions is a tough animating challenge and is a little bit beyond my skill set at the moment, so I fudged the right hand rule to make it easier to see. I think the basic concept holds, though.
Phan Chin Soon. Yes, in this simple model (and in most mass analyzers that I am familiar with) the detector is fixed and the ion trajectory is altered through the course of the experiment. This general concept is true for most common mass spectrometers, including ion traps and quadrupoles. I plan to make a few animations later showing how each of these analyzers work, so subscribe and stay tuned!
We don't. They are silent to this technique. The neutral fragments just fly right on through the mass filter unaffected by the field (no charge means no force!).
Very nice explanation of Mass spectral mechanism in animation view. Instead of your showing pink, green yellow balls as positive ions, you can try to show molecular ions, like methyl cation, ethyl cation, benzene cation if you choose Ethylmethylbenzene. I think this will be more highly understandable for youngster. Please give these kind of animation for MALDI TOF Mass spectrum. This will be useful for some higher levels... Thanks a lot for your above contribution. Congrats...
Wow your video is so helpful. It helped me visualize the process. Hope you will have time in the near future to integrate a 3D video to portray the magnetic field as mentioned by Brian. If not recommend to add a note on the video. THANK YOU so much.
At here, the ions are separated by using magnetic field. So the detector is fixed in position and need to constantly vary the magnetic field so that all the ions able to strike the detector?
Question: For the scheme of the Mass Analyzer, since the magnetic field is applying a constant force to the fragment ions, shouldn't the arrow point downwards? Perhaps there's a reason why you have them pointing UP. Awesome video!
HiAlex. If I understand your question, you are pointing out that the right hand rule isn't really presented quite right. If so, you are correct. This was one of my first animations for the channel, and the 3D relationships between the field lines and particle motions was (and still is ) tough to show just right. Truth be told, there are many more common (and more complex) mas filtration schemes, but the principle still applies!!! Lighter ions are deflected more than heavy ones.
Thank you, sir! Are you planning on coming up with a video showing a more detailed explanation for Mass Spec in tandem with either GC or LC? Again, thank you very much.
I would love to. Will probably start intense work on the channel again this summer after my project with The Great Courses is wrapped. Based on the success of my lab and instrumentation-focused videos, I will definitely be producing more of them then!
I assume you are suggesting a detection system that could detect all masses of interest simultaneously (something akin to a photodiode array in UV spectroscopy that can detect all wavelengths rather than scanning through them to produce a spectrum)? If this is indeed what you suggest, then there are many reasons. My first instinct is to site cost. The electron multipliers that my instruments use cost over a thousand US dollars each. An array of those detectors covering the entire spectrum of masses that I might want to see could easily cost more than the entire instrument does now (not to mention that the manifold of the instrument itself would have to be be gigantic to accommodate all those detectors). In addition, most mass filters don't work exactly as I have shown in the animation. In my illustration, the paths of the ions simply curve. In most modern MS systems, however, complex electrode configurations are used to make ions travel in spirals (as a quad system would) or orbits (as an ion-trap system would). These more complex ion motions have the advantage of requiring less physical space for the instrument, but they also often would preclude the use of multiple detectors. Finally, the experiments can already take place at startlingly fast speeds with modern technology. My ion trap systems scan the entire mass spectrum of small to moderate sized compounds in far less than one second. This is more than fast enough to produce the resolution necessary to create a useful chromatogram, for example when used in GC-MS. I would file this under the "if it isn't broken, then don't try to fix it" logic for not using multiple detectors. Thanks for the question! Professor D.
Hi Ashley. Liquid Chromatography (LC) is often used when the compounds to be analyzed are non-volatile (usually rather large compounds, like polyaromatics, large peptides, etc), though it can be done on any non-volatile compound. This method of separation doesn't produce a gaseous analyte the way GC does, and so a different ionization technique is often employed: the technique of electrospray ionization (ESI). As the name implies, ESI involves spraying the liquid analyte solution into the MS through a nozzle with a voltage applied to it. The molecules of analyte take on charge as they pass out of the nozzle via a process akin to the triboelectric effect. One noteworthy consequence of ESI-mode MS is that ions can, and often do, take on multiple charges, making their m/z ratios less straight-forward than they are with electron impact (EI-mode).
ehow.com shows the MLA approach to referencing online videos. You should be able to glean all the info you need from my channel (upload date, author name, etc).
This is how chemistry needs to be taught. There are no leaps or unexplained events in this video, it is a complete, concise, logical path from beginning to end. I am so glad there are people who understand the difference between presenting information and education.
I swear I wish more teachers/tutors understood this concept
Use the videos for learning, or as a sleep aid. It is all good with me. I'm just glad to know that they are helping you out in some way.
Cheers,
Davis
Glad you found it helpful. Don't forget to tell your friends and subscribe. I am putting out new videos as quickly as I can make them!
Exemplary explanation and presentation- It's a departure from the usual explanations. Thanks!
Thanks, Muhammad. I am glad you found this useful! That is our goal.
great explanation of mass filtering and mass to charge ratio. as an ms analyst this is a great teaching tool. well done
Thanks for the comment and suggestions. This was one of my first attempts at creating a TH-cam video, and I agree that there are certainly some ways to improve it. I like the suggestion of an alternate with genuine fragments. I have had my eye on this as one lesson which I would like to revisit and apply all that I have learned and developed over the past year making micro-lectures for my channel. Maybe the time is drawing near :-)
Hi Brian. No worries. You are absolutely right! The right hand rule of physics predicts that the ions would fall away from the page or out of the page depending on the exact direction of the field lines.Showing the exact motions and the field lines in three dimensions is a tough animating challenge and is a little bit beyond my skill set at the moment, so I fudged the right hand rule to make it easier to see. I think the basic concept holds, though.
Phan Chin Soon. Yes, in this simple model (and in most mass analyzers that I am familiar with) the detector is fixed and the ion trajectory is altered through the course of the experiment. This general concept is true for most common mass spectrometers, including ion traps and quadrupoles. I plan to make a few animations later showing how each of these analyzers work, so subscribe and stay tuned!
This is such a good explanation of how Mass Spec. works. Thank You
You make me want to chuck my textbook out of the window. Thank you!
A very good presentation of mass spectrometry concept. Thank you very much for sharing
Congrats for your clarity!
David this is really very helpful, i wish my teacher could have explained it this well..
Glad you were able to benefit from it!
Phenomenal video and great explanations. Thank you. 💙
Really useful. Thank you for making it.
man i had an instructur try and explain this using a blow dryer...... thank god i found this
so once a spectrum is made you not only will know wich compound it is but also you can know how much of that compound is present in your sample?
Wonderful video! Thanks for posting!
My pleasure!
What happens to the lighter ion when not being detected by the detector? Where are they being striked on?
Awesome basic explanation 🎉🎉
We don't. They are silent to this technique. The neutral fragments just fly right on through the mass filter unaffected by the field (no charge means no force!).
Very nice explanation of Mass spectral mechanism in animation view. Instead of your showing pink, green yellow balls as positive ions, you can try to show molecular ions, like methyl cation, ethyl cation, benzene cation if you choose Ethylmethylbenzene. I think this will be more highly understandable for youngster. Please give these kind of animation for MALDI TOF Mass spectrum. This will be useful for some higher levels... Thanks a lot for your above contribution. Congrats...
Wow your video is so helpful. It helped me visualize the process. Hope you will have time in the near future to integrate a 3D video to portray the magnetic field as mentioned by Brian. If not recommend to add a note on the video. THANK YOU so much.
Isn't an eletric field that makes the ions travel till the mass analyzer? I assume it's omitted. Great video btw :-)
good video. glad it helped.it is best explanation of mass spectrometry.
At here, the ions are separated by using magnetic field. So the detector is fixed in position and need to constantly vary the magnetic field so that all the ions able to strike the detector?
Very well done. Thank you!
+John Veitch Glad you liked it! Please pass the video link along!
Thank you! This helped sooo much!!
Best explanation video out there - - - Kudos :)
Now it is easy to understand complex concepts
Thanks a lot !!!! that was so helpful
Question: For the scheme of the Mass Analyzer, since the magnetic field is applying a constant force to the fragment ions, shouldn't the arrow point downwards? Perhaps there's a reason why you have them pointing UP. Awesome video!
HiAlex. If I understand your question, you are pointing out that the right hand rule isn't really presented quite right. If so, you are correct. This was one of my first animations for the channel, and the 3D relationships between the field lines and particle motions was (and still is ) tough to show just right. Truth be told, there are many more common (and more complex) mas filtration schemes, but the principle still applies!!! Lighter ions are deflected more than heavy ones.
Thank you, sir! Are you planning on coming up with a video showing a more detailed explanation for Mass Spec in tandem with either GC or LC? Again, thank you very much.
I would love to. Will probably start intense work on the channel again this summer after my project with The Great Courses is wrapped. Based on the success of my lab and instrumentation-focused videos, I will definitely be producing more of them then!
Thanks for the vid. that was very informative. Do you happen to have one of tandem MS aka ms/ms? This would be highly appreciated.
Beautiful presentation
Not nitpick, but I think the magnetic field should be perpendicular to the motion of the ions, or in this case, into or out of the screen
what does the detector called within mass spect
Thanks a lot .Simple and neat
wow, thax man, this is really good, keep it up man
+Trin Athigapanich Thanks, dude. Don't forget to check out the rest of the channel and subscribe. th-cam.com/users/chemsurvival
good demo..quite informative.Thanks
Why we can not use multiple detectors
I assume you are suggesting a detection system that could detect all masses of interest simultaneously (something akin to a photodiode array in UV spectroscopy that can detect all wavelengths rather than scanning through them to produce a spectrum)? If this is indeed what you suggest, then there are many reasons. My first instinct is to site cost. The electron multipliers that my instruments use cost over a thousand US dollars each. An array of those detectors covering the entire spectrum of masses that I might want to see could easily cost more than the entire instrument does now (not to mention that the manifold of the instrument itself would have to be be gigantic to accommodate all those detectors).
In addition, most mass filters don't work exactly as I have shown in the animation. In my illustration, the paths of the ions simply curve. In most modern MS systems, however, complex electrode configurations are used to make ions travel in spirals (as a quad system would) or orbits (as an ion-trap system would). These more complex ion motions have the advantage of requiring less physical space for the instrument, but they also often would preclude the use of multiple detectors.
Finally, the experiments can already take place at startlingly fast speeds with modern technology. My ion trap systems scan the entire mass spectrum of small to moderate sized compounds in far less than one second. This is more than fast enough to produce the resolution necessary to create a useful chromatogram, for example when used in GC-MS. I would file this under the "if it isn't broken, then don't try to fix it" logic for not using multiple detectors.
Thanks for the question!
Professor D.
what happens to the beam of electron that resulted in ionization of gases after it has ionized
If I wanted to cite this video in an essay, what sources would I use?
Thank you sir for the effort. good video
+Jack Blue my pleasure. I hope you enjoyed it!
Very nice video. Ty alot. Regards
I am seriously screwed for my lab tomorrow
how do we deal with the neutral fragments ?
WOW thanks so much .
great video, thank you
Thanks for watching! Please pass it on.
good start up for pg's thanks.
How does Liquid Chromatography change the mass spec results/process?
Hi Ashley.
Liquid Chromatography (LC) is often used when the compounds to be analyzed are non-volatile (usually rather large compounds, like polyaromatics, large peptides, etc), though it can be done on any non-volatile compound. This method of separation doesn't produce a gaseous analyte the way GC does, and so a different ionization technique is often employed: the technique of electrospray ionization (ESI). As the name implies, ESI involves spraying the liquid analyte solution into the MS through a nozzle with a voltage applied to it. The molecules of analyte take on charge as they pass out of the nozzle via a process akin to the triboelectric effect. One noteworthy consequence of ESI-mode MS is that ions can, and often do, take on multiple charges, making their m/z ratios less straight-forward than they are with electron impact (EI-mode).
thank you sir good and vary usefull video
Thanks a lot!! Really helpful =)
very good!
Thanks
nice presentation
Thanks a lot!
Glad it helped!!!!!
ehow.com shows the MLA approach to referencing online videos. You should be able to glean all the info you need from my channel (upload date, author name, etc).
nice one
I want more
try th-cam.com/users/chemsurvival (my channel, with over 100 videos like this one!)
ENJOY BEST
*Snores*
Yikes! Here's hoping you were wrong about this!!!!