Drach- my hat is off to you! Just realizing that you have to do SIX HOURS of questions just from Patreon supporters every month ON TOP of the weekly drydocks! SALUTE and thank you!
Some people thing they have it hard having a speaking job where they have to talk for an hour or so every day. Drach takes that to a level unheard of by the vast majority of the world. Its insane to me that he has not lost his voice more then whats happened so far
@@Kellen6795 Sometimes you can hear when he takes a break from recording, an answer to a question will be a bit less enthusiastic, then the next one is back to full drac passion!
Look after your health Drach, especially lungs. I just lost my younger brother to cumulative lung damage, including that from several severe infections.
My dad served on the seaplane tender Currituck and I would really like to see the unsung contribution by seaplane tenders given its proper due. Please do an episode on seaplane tenders. :)
I've always liked the broad-brimmed straw hats that the sailors of some navies wore around the turn of the 20th century. Practical, stylish and they kept the sun off your nut.
The hedgehog flotillas really speak to the largesse of having both the surplus vessels and launchers at that point in the conflict. Happily they were able to spare the resources and manpower to try new things to try to save lives
When you showed the USS Oregon Memorial, i recognized it immediately, not only because I've seem it so often, living in the Portland Metro since 1974, but also because of the US Bank Tower in the left background. I remember watching it being built. 😊
Regarding the Victorious refit. I have always thought that Victorious was the worst of the available carriers to modernise, as USS Robin and the trooping from the Far East, she must have had more miles under her keel than the others, obviously Formidable and Illustrious were in very poor state, bomb damage and propeller shaft problems. In my view, modernising the Implacables, slightly larger overall, with 4 power sets against 3, would have most likely have been cheaper and quicker, possibly both being brought to the Victorious standard in the time that Victorious was in Portsmouth. Not 100% sure that the first modernisation would be as full as the pace of technological advance then was so quick. A refit would have sorted it out though. The Implacables would have as a jet carrier have a smaller crew including air wing than in the Pacific Fleet, so a full two level hanger would be available, extra accommodation and offices etc could be put is as in Victorious in a mezzanine deck under the flight deck. This would result in a fleet of three Dustbin equipped Carriers, Eagle and the Implacables. What to do with Arc Royal is of course a question as is whether to complete Hermes as a Fleet Carrier or as a Helicopter Carrier. I hear the argument about using the funds to purchase two Forestalls, personally I feel that politically this would have been unacceptable, exchange control and British Jobs for British Workers, both in construction and refit phases, there being implicitly no supply chain in the UK for Forestall parts etc.
Minor quibble: Our Sailer that went to the house of negotiable affections during Prohibiton times would not get Penicillin. Prohibition ended in 1933 and tests with Penicillin started around 1938
So...he's just stuck doing his best impression of Gollum in the sun for five years? "It burns! It burns us!" Oh wait, Gollum hadn't been invented yet either. :)
@@Wolfeson28 I do not know who Gollum is but prior to that heroic does of Mercury and later Arsenic derivates where the norm if one believes the Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis#Treatment
My Dad served on a sub-chaser during WWII. He enthusiastically told me about the hedgehog system, how it "filled a gap" that depth charges couldn't exactly cover. Cheers, Drach. Awesome show.
The Japanese claimed that Yamato could fire effectively up to 16 miles. I get Yamato was very accurate, judging by her gunnery trials and Samar (hitting USS Johnston with six first salvo hits at 20,300 yards), but was she really so accurate that in a battleship duel Yamato’s going to be hitting ships beyond the range Warspite and Scharnhorst hit Guilio Cesare and Glorious?
At least one German ship taken by the USA not only was navigated back to America but actually remains in commission and has been maintained in operating order since WWII. That would be the sailing bark USCGC Eagle, formerly named Horst Wessel.
For measuring speed with a log it was common to space the knots every 7 fathoms and time for 30 seconds. Alternatively 8 fathoms and 28 seconds were used by some ships.
I might also add that the Stockholm hit the Doria pretty much ON the bulkhead between two W/T compartments. Engine room and generator room IIRC. So the watertight door couldn't help because the wall it was attached to was obliterated. And the Stockholm entered at slight angle while the inertia of the Doria basically dragged the Stockholm sideways allowing her mangled bow to 'sweep' the interior of the Doria causing extra carnage.
There was an excellent documentary by a naval accident investigator (I don't remember his name but it should still be around somewhere). He concluded several things. 1 because both ships were turning, the re-enforced bow acted like a can opener on the inside of Andre Doria. This did a tremendous amount of damage internally on the liner. He also concluded that the Stockholm was at fault. Her radar operator was alone at his station. His radar had 2 settings (long range and short range). He thought his radar was in the long range setting and that he had plenty of room to cross the liner's bow, but it wasn't and he turned right into Andre Doria. The liner tried to turn away but wasn't able to get clear. This wasn't explored at the trial because the same insurance company insured both ships and just wanted the whole thing settled as fast as possible.
Both ships had fault. But Calamai's insane turn at the last moment turned what could have been a bad collision into a life-ending collision for his ship. @@timothyschmidt9566
I am not an engineer but I spent 20+ years working with some in a global enterprise. Many of them were confused with capitalism, and sometimes how to treat people respectfully, but I held their hands through it (hello Dale Emery), and I am just a wanna-be-plowboy from Michigan. I can't thank you enough for your content. I often find myself being foolish. My patriarchal ancestry comes from Scotland via France, so by surname I am anti-anglo lol. By blood, I am mostly German, which in Michigan is common, we also have a lot of Poles, Irish and Italian heritage, something you probably know in the Isles. We also have a lot of African Americans that found their way here from the south searching for a better life, as well as the largest Iraqi population outside of Iraq, in the world. I kind of think that Spain was the first America, with its ethnic and cultural diversity. Being an American citizen demands Grace, even though many of my countrymen don't appreciate that we are all immigrants, including our beloved indigenous population (GO CHIPPS!). Anywho, my question is, if Hitler hired you in '33 and gave you free reign for the Kriegsmarine, with the same budget, what would you have done?
In Tacoma the measured mile has range markers to determine when abeam the start and end. To negate the local tidel and river current you need to run reciprocal compass headings.
Seventy-nine years ago today, the most catastrophic maritime disaster in human history occurred. On January 30, 1945, the Soviet submarine S-13, under the command of Captain Alexander Marinesko, torpedoed the Wilhelm Gustloff, a German military transport ship, which had been repurposed for evacuating more than 10,600 German war refugees from the eastern parts of the Reich across the Baltic Sea. This devastating attack led to the tragic loss of an estimated 9,600 lives, including more than 5,000 children.
Thank you Drach for finally considering my Greece scenario. I thought you gave a very nice treatment... It is after all just the way 5-5-3 was supposed to work. AGAIN THANK YOU...
interesting question, but i wonder if it would had an effect on post War Greece, re communism and the deal with Stalin, that Greece was British responsibility.
@davidrenton This has not just Naval consequences in the Pacific.. But massive land war implications in Europe. If the Japanese go north, the Siberian divisions counterattack outside Moscow in December 41 are unavailable.. n that's just a start....
I seem to remember , from when I was a kid back in the 1970s, that there was an odd model of the SS United States. It didn’t show the hull, the model company claimed, because nobody knew what it looked like: it had a classified hull form codeveloped with the USN. Its top speed was also classified. We were suitably mystified, although I can’t remember if any of us actually purchased the model.
I thought that Hedgehog used contact fusing in the anti-submarine variant as well. There was a bathymetric element that prevented said fuse from operating until after it hit the water, though - otherwise they would have detonated at that point. It was one of the reasons that Hedgehog was disliked by crews at first - depth charges always explode and users could convince themselves that every explosion was an achievement. Hedgehog just made a few disappointing splashes unless you hit something. Saying that, the Hedgerow bombs clearly have no arming propeller and an extender rod has been fitted to the contact fuse, ensuring (hopefully) that it detonates above ground rather than in it.
I boarded the Chilean Navy sail training ship when it called in. Three masts so far as I remember. I stood against the rearmost one, just forward of the wheel. I could wrap my arms around it as I stood there, but only just. A steel ship with steel masts.
In the case of the Andrea Doria and Stockholm collision, it was a classic case of any one event removed from the chain of events. And, the accident wouldn’t have occurred. One of the seemingly minor errors, yet played a huge role was the misinterpretation of the radar by the Stockholm OOD. He thought the range was set to a different setting, and he also was shown to be deficient use of the plotting board. The Captain of the Doria was criticized for speeding in fog, but this was a common practice. Finally, the Stockholm made an illegal turn and cut across the Doria’s bow to make the normal port-to-port abeam passage. Nothing really new, but these facts have been lost over time…It was a great tragedy in so many ways…Still felt by many people to this very day. As an interesting coincidence my mother was a secretary for the legal firm representing the Stockholm in New York City. So, I grew-up learning about the investigation and outcome of the board of inquiry’s findings. As for Stockholm, she went onto serve many more years, and only recently was laid up. With the exception of Captain Calamai, all the officers went back to sea…Andrea Doria is gone, but her legacy remains as one of the most beautiful ships ever built…IMHO
American Isolationism in the 30's and early 40's makes it very unlikely that the US would militarily intervene into a war between two imperial powers without an attack on US territory as well. If the Japanese military had sense enough to take that chance, then that British Pacific fleet would be on its own. This would be a fun scenario to war game. All that land based naval aviation (with highly effective torpedoes), the carrier strike force and the Japanese battleline may be more than the Royal Navy (and friends) could handle even with their advantage in radar.
Guessing names for the N-3 class battleships is a fun exercise. For all the reasons you gave I would think they would recycle names from the Majestic class that set the new standard for battleships in the 1890's. Majestic, Illustrious, Magnificent & Victorious.
Would love for you to add the USS Wolverine and USS Sable to your list. They were the US Navy's only 2 sidewheel driven training carriers and were used on Lake Michigan during WWII to certify pilots for carrier duty. Both were converted from interwar luxury lake steamers.
When you showed the USS Oregon Memorial, i recognized it immediately, not only because ive seem it so often, living in the Portland Metro since 1974, but also because of the US Bank Tower in the left background. I remember watching it being built. 😊
Hi Drach. Excellent set of videos. Comment on last question: No one is going to trust the Italians to stay out of the war unless they are defeated and their fleet destroyed. By this point, France has fallen so RN is only power policing the Med. The Germans traditionally came into Italy and defended it. No reason to believe they wouldn't do something similar here, even to the extent of seizing the remaining fleet units. So some reasonable squadron sized group wuold be left behind with aircraft carriers. The timing if the historical Japanese attack was based partially on the British being distracted by other events. With American isolationism running at an all-time high and pro-German feelings surprisingly high (Nazi vs Communist) it is unlikely the US will enter the war without a Pearl Harbor type event. I'm sure Japanese planners had something on paper for this situation but nothing survived the war. I could see a strike into the oil production areas, involving a decisive battle with RN. They had the troops to do it but the campaign is decided at sea. Without PH attack, US doesn't enter the war this election cycle. Then it's 1944 before American intervention. That's a long time for GB to fight on alone. Also, lessons learned in North Africa fundamentally educate Allied troops and leaders in modern war. Without it, those mistakes get pushed down the road. As an Army officer and historian, I don't see things going well.
What did the US learn about ship Design in WWII? As far as I know the US learned about the so called "Lürssen Effect" from german fast Torpedo Boats. A hydrodynamic effect (a set of rudders on the stern of the boat) that was discovered somewhere in the 1930s by the german Lürssen shipbuilding Company. It allowed for faster speeds without having to increase the engine power of the boats.
Were there ever any plans to upgrade the round 5.25" turrets on the KGVs, Didos, & Bellonas to the "Octagon" turret to improve Rate Of Fire and ease of maintenance?
@1hr36. The answer is always 5" 40cal. And why not...? Tbh, I'd channel my inner Colin Chapman and just add lightness. How much speed would just leaving those 200-odd tons off?
Exploding mines on a beach is a pretty bad idea mine holes exposed blue clay which made vehicle traversing the beach even more difficult, Flail tanks were also not favoured because again an exploding mine was a bad idea, Conger the early form of Giant Viper was fortunately not available at Normandy and was a disaster when used in the Netherlands, the preferred method of the mine clearance was to have been the Bullshorn mine clearing plough on a Churchill AVRE but wasn't used and the mine clearing was done by sappers with mine detectors and bayonet. Sometimes there was a proposal to shell mortar rocket bomb the beach for which the spigot mortar on an LCVP would have been ideal but for some reason for example at "Bloody" Omaha the beach was to be cratered to give cover for assault troops and that didn't happen, hence the carnage.
If there'd been no British intervention in Greece, the possible strategic effects may have been a quicker Germany Victory with less resources deployed and no need to send Rommel and the Africa Corp to North Africa. Which means more troops for an earlier attack on Russia, with unknown possible out comes for the war in Russia and the overall consequences WW2.
well if you put some kind of blister on each side of the landing craft you might be able to mount a half dozen 40mm and a couple hundred hedge hogs, maybe tow a barge of some kind with extra ammunition. -- greetings from Kansas in the USA - yep we still think that way
On the question about Fisher's plans. It is said that no plan survives contact with the enemy. I say that all enemies can be predicted, save one. That being time itself. Time, alone, shall see any plan succeed or fail. Weather, your enemy's plans. All are subject to time. And only time can fully decide the outcome. And only God can dorect time itself.
10:25 what is civil superannuation in this context? my only knowledge of superannuation is in the australian context, which doesn't come into the picture until much later
Concerning your discussion about a torpedo attack at the end of WW1 forcing a reassessment of AirPower vs ships, you could imaging an alternate history in which the B-17 is never developed. That leads to all sorts of alternate history.
But other countries, especially Britain, had planes that filled similar roles, so the US could build them under license, just like they built the Merlin engine or post war, the Canberra bomber.
surely there are true stories of naval wars, adventures and trading from the indian region that could be told if someone wants to centre the native people in naval narratives, without resorting to near-nonsense......
wrt the alt history of no allied intervention in Greece, the Axis was working on getting access to the oil fields of Iraq and Iran. The Vichy government was increasingly accommodating to the Axis, allowing Luftwaffe units to operate in airfields in Syria. Italy and Germany had backed a coup in Iraq, April 1, 41, which removed the pro-British regime and installed a pro-Axis regime. The Iranian regime was also regarded as Axis friendly. Without Allied intervention, Greece may have been defeated sooner, enabling an amphibious operation from Greece to Syria. British troops invaded Iraq May 2, 41, closing the door on the possibility of unopposed Axis access to Iraqi oil, before the Germans could secure Greece and Crete.
Great vids as usual. Regarding the "no Greece" scenario: 1) First, short of getting rid of Winny... Could not happen, because as soon as the Italians were defeated, there he goes again, anyway. Its like he thought he was Lord Byron and had to have Greece. Then once Barbarossa happened, the "soft underbelly" distraction thingie would still be required. 2) Preventing the fall of Singapore and Hong Kong was not in the cards. Why? Land. Mainly Territory troops, The RN couldn't stop that and the Army didn't have the man or will power. There is a reason the Japanese had their only propaganda coup with Indian troops who wanted independance. 3) Roosevelt could not premptivly join the war, too many isolationists, and even pro-germans, in Congress at the time. Maybe by 1943 he could, but not late '41 and early '42 . In those days Congress had to Declare. 4) Besides, i think how ever many ships the RN sent out there, the supply problems would be too tough to solve with the Battle of the Atlantic still being waged. Australia is a looong way down there and it wern't no Portsmouth. So they could end being up tied to Columbo and a few bases Down Under.
I think you are wrong on 3. Roosevelt already effectively started an undeclared naval war in September 1941 with the shoot on sight order. And he was clearly intent on pushing forward US involvement. In addition, Congress and the people were steadily shifting toward more open support for Britain and with the shoot on sight order there would be more "incidents" soon enough that would put the US actively in the war in 1942. Unless Hitler pulls back the U-boats (which wasn't going to happen), it was just a matter of time before a US warship was torpedoed and that would cause a declaration of war even if the sub was acting reasonably in self-defense. And in a scenario where there is a Pearl Harbor and no German declaration of war on the US, it would become trivial to get a declaration of war against the existential threat to a major ally in the Pacific. At that point any help to the British in Europe allows them to better resist Japanese advances on into India while a British defeat frees up a ton of troops to be redirected against the US and loses access to various important bases for fighting Japan.
@@88porpoise There would be some of that, and the air patrols also in the Pacific for the UK vs. Japan scenario. What there wouldn't be, is mass mobilization, hugelyy increased ship building, and gigantic growing of the Marines, Navy, and Army (significant growth but not the insane levels we saw after war was declared). Nor would there be a US submarine campaign, carrier fleet actions, and island invasions. None of that is possible without actual war. And no massive supply chain to go with those things as well.
At 0209:12, there was a question of one nation " Sabotaging" a vessel of a different nation. I know that this falls outside of the channels time limits, but there was the French DGSE sinking the Greenpeace flagship Rainbow Warrior in the port of Auckland, New Zealand on July 10, 1985 in Operation Satanique.
I thought all asw hedgehogs were contact detonation only, but also I've not heard of the hedgehog assault craft. Thanks for sharing your knowledge . Please keep up your excellent program. Did you enjoy USS NEW JERSEY?
The HMS Victorious question gives me a reason to circle back on the state of FAA aircraft development during WWII. Contrary to Drach's assertion naval aircraft development continued into the War culminating in replacements for the Swordfish/Albacore and Fulmar in 1943 with the Barracuda and Firefly. The former aircraft was introduced a year after the TBF with 1940 era performance and the while the Firefly had pretty good performance it still was not competitive with any Japanese or American naval fighters. And the Idea that the Victorious was "most advanced" carrier out there is silly. The US Navy had three of the four Forrestals in commission by the time the Victorious returned to service. The Victorious met RN requirements but she was nowhere near as capable as an Essex after the SCB 125 refit. The SCB 125 carrier Essex class CVs were more capable than HMS Ark Royal after her final modernization.
(1) How miscreants are treated on foreign soil depends on whether there is a Status of Forces Agreement in force. The agreement will usually cover jurisdiction for various offenses. (2) RE: Last question: if Italy drops out of the War in 1941 and releases Royal Navy assets for the Pacific either one of two things happens. Japan is forced to end the China on unfavorable terms. They could not win. The other possible outcome is Yamamoto sends the Kido Butai to strike Singapore and cripples the British Pacific fleet. Could they pull off a surprise attack on the Singapore under these circumstances? Maybe, especially if they give indications that they might be willing to negotiate a withdrawal from China. However, it is a lot easier to hide six carriers in the empty Northern Pacific waters than the busy shipping lanes of South East Asia. (3) And finally a bit of fantasy fiction. We know that the USS Nimitz almost defeated the Kido Butai in the hours before Pearl Harbor but what was the earliest date that a single post war US carrier battlegroup could have done the job? 1950: USS Oriskany with 2 sqds of F9Fs, 3 Sqns of F4Us (1-5, 2 -4B) 2 Sqn ADs. 1960: USS Midway with 2 sqns F8Us, 4 Sqn A4Es, 1 Sqn AD and finally 1970: USS John F Kennedy with 2 sqn F4Bs, 3 Sqn A7Es and 1 sqn A6Bs.
With regards to shore bombardment. There is a RN 1945 video somewhere on YoutTube, I saw it years ago. It involved the preparation, I think, for the invasion of Japan. And showed exactly how they did it, using spotter planes and bracketing, along with a detailed view of the Fire Control Computer and the changes to it
I recently bought a flash hood for my cold weather cycling. Thinking it was what I had worn in the RNR in the early1970s (1940s style?), I was disappointed. It was not a loose hood but a tight fitting, one size thing with a cut out for eyes not as wide apart as my own eyes, did not cover the whole head and had a weird buttonable mouth pocket. Highly uncomfortable and looking like the Austro-Hungarian one depicted, I ditched it!
Regarding the Andrea Doria and Stockholm collision, ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aids) were several years from being developed. Most radars of the time were course up (heads up). The watch officer would need to manually plot each contact on a radar plotting sheet to determine course and speed. The relative bearing must be converted to a true bearing for the plotting sheet.
@2:42:44: I'm also wonder how much the Torpedo Attack would have on Ship Displacements. Since this would cause people to want better underwater protection....
1:20:20 i've often thought about what if someone took the deck off a carrier (light or fleet) and put the Schwerer Gustav in it (maybe 2 depending of space), with the ability to have over head cranes and already having large crews it wouldn't matter much
Mousetraps .vs. Hedgehogs, I imagine that for the Landing Craft that they used the "Kissing Cousin" of Hedgehog, the Rocket Propelled Mousetrap! The US Navy did this "substitution" on smaller craft since there was a concern about the deck of these craft withstanding the (repeated) recoil due to firing Hedgehogs. My understanding is that they basically put a short (both in length and burn time) rocket motor in the tube that the spigot fit in of a Hedgehog.....
2:47:00 However if Italy is out of North Africa after the Connor operation and out of East Africa by 1941 (which they were) and then maybe out of the war completely, Staying in their box, at home making Calzone, that leaves Germany with the ability to attack USSR without having to waste DAK in Africa and carry out Op. Punishment (the German attack on Greece when the Italians couldn't handle that campaign). So Barbarossa starts at the beginning of April - May at the latest, so Moscow taken by October before the Rasputitsa gets hold, and possibly time enough to invest Baku before the close of 1941, Soviets than fold - Russia sues for peace as it did at Brest-Livtosk in 1918. But all these counter factual alternatives are "if ifs and buts were candy and nuts, we'd all have a merry Christmas".
I have two suggestions for future videos.. One, a short story of Hms Centaur..a worthy candidate and sadly overlooked.. The other would be a longer video about Hms Amythyst and the true Yangtze incident..thank you..😊
I believe that during the Dardanelles campaign the RN used spotter aircraft to direct 15” battleship fire on Turkish shore batteries. The battleship guns out ranged the Turkish batteries and neither side was visible to the other. I assume the aircraft used the tried and true “up 1000, right 1000” fire and correct fire method.
The picture you use to illustrate the Kreigsmarine shore bombardment question at th-cam.com/video/NXK-SBgcOvc/w-d-xo.html appears to have no guns in what I think the Germans referred to as Anton turret, do you know why that is he case?
Pls you could do one video about cruiser bahia and his battle in ww1 and ww2 he did the batle against dolphins in ww1 and ww2 he blowup becuase shot a naval mine on deck would be nice to see a review of it
Higher viscosity bunker oil means more preheating is required to get it to spray through the feed nozzles, it also means larger nozzles needed. Nozzles are easy to replace but providing more feed heat mreans an engineering solution is needed.
2:34 a lot of sailors in the mid to late 19th C were from Yemen - but of merchant service, and are the reason why the Tyneside town of South Shields at the Southern mouth of the Tyne had Mosques and Muslim community long before the textile workers arrived in Lancashire. As to racial appropriation documentaries and 'story lines' the main catalyst was that appalling series on WW1 run on BBC Radio 4 in 2014, which also had a link with Tyneside so perhaps banning Tynesiders from access to academia might be a valid idea -and Lucy that means you, even though you might be descended from an Admiral of the Fleet.
Hohohoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Will you do a video about the Knights of Malta and their time as pirates before and after the Great Siege and Lepanto?
Will you do a video about the Knights of Malta and their time as pirates before and after the Great Siege and Lepanto?
Drach- my hat is off to you! Just realizing that you have to do SIX HOURS of questions just from Patreon supporters every month ON TOP of the weekly drydocks! SALUTE and thank you!
Some people thing they have it hard having a speaking job where they have to talk for an hour or so every day. Drach takes that to a level unheard of by the vast majority of the world. Its insane to me that he has not lost his voice more then whats happened so far
It's his full time job! He's our History Channel!
@@Kellen6795
ooo
@@Kellen6795 Sometimes you can hear when he takes a break from recording, an answer to a question will be a bit less enthusiastic, then the next one is back to full drac passion!
Look after your health Drach, especially lungs.
I just lost my younger brother to cumulative lung damage, including that from several severe infections.
My dad served on the seaplane tender Currituck and I would really like to see the unsung contribution by seaplane tenders given its proper due. Please do an episode on seaplane tenders. :)
Absolutely!
The SS Roma was an ocean liner that had machinery from the canceled Francesco Caracciolo-class battleship.
I've always liked the broad-brimmed straw hats that the sailors of some navies wore around the turn of the 20th century. Practical, stylish and they kept the sun off your nut.
And on point right now owing to the popularity of 'One Piece'
One of the things I love about being a patron is that it gives me a jump on the multi hours that are the Enter the month drydock
The hedgehog flotillas really speak to the largesse of having both the surplus vessels and launchers at that point in the conflict. Happily they were able to spare the resources and manpower to try new things to try to save lives
Thank you for another massive dry dock Drach
Take care of your health first and foremost, we can wait till you're healthy for a live stream
When you showed the USS Oregon Memorial, i recognized it immediately, not only because I've seem it so often, living in the Portland Metro since 1974, but also because of the US Bank Tower in the left background. I remember watching it being built. 😊
I hope life improves for you and you can stop living in the metro!
@@TzunSu Thanks! I'm preparing for a move to the Midwest. 😁
Regarding the Victorious refit. I have always thought that Victorious was the worst of the available carriers to modernise, as USS Robin and the trooping from the Far East, she must have had more miles under her keel than the others, obviously Formidable and Illustrious were in very poor state, bomb damage and propeller shaft problems.
In my view, modernising the Implacables, slightly larger overall, with 4 power sets against 3, would have most likely have been cheaper and quicker, possibly both being brought to the Victorious standard in the time that Victorious was in Portsmouth. Not 100% sure that the first modernisation would be as full as the pace of technological advance then was so quick. A refit would have sorted it out though.
The Implacables would have as a jet carrier have a smaller crew including air wing than in the Pacific Fleet, so a full two level hanger would be available, extra accommodation and offices etc could be put is as in Victorious in a mezzanine deck under the flight deck.
This would result in a fleet of three Dustbin equipped Carriers, Eagle and the Implacables.
What to do with Arc Royal is of course a question as is whether to complete Hermes as a Fleet Carrier or as a Helicopter Carrier.
I hear the argument about using the funds to purchase two Forestalls, personally I feel that politically this would have been unacceptable, exchange control and British Jobs for British Workers, both in construction and refit phases, there being implicitly no supply chain in the UK for Forestall parts etc.
Minor quibble: Our Sailer that went to the house of negotiable affections during Prohibiton times would not get Penicillin. Prohibition ended in 1933 and tests with Penicillin started around 1938
So...he's just stuck doing his best impression of Gollum in the sun for five years? "It burns! It burns us!"
Oh wait, Gollum hadn't been invented yet either. :)
@@Wolfeson28 I do not know who Gollum is but prior to that heroic does of Mercury and later Arsenic derivates where the norm if one believes the Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis#Treatment
@@Wolfeson28”Not the Precious!”
@@mbr5742 it's a lord of the rings character
I truthfully love that Austro-Hungarian anti-flash gear. I would love to have one.
My Dad served on a sub-chaser during WWII. He enthusiastically told me about the hedgehog system, how it "filled a gap" that depth charges couldn't exactly cover. Cheers, Drach. Awesome show.
The Japanese claimed that Yamato could fire effectively up to 16 miles. I get Yamato was very accurate, judging by her gunnery trials and Samar (hitting USS Johnston with six first salvo hits at 20,300 yards), but was she really so accurate that in a battleship duel Yamato’s going to be hitting ships beyond the range Warspite and Scharnhorst hit Guilio Cesare and Glorious?
To be honest I think that’s too much to ask for from any battleship….
Your just D riding at this point
ooooo
Outshoot Warspite ?? 😂😂😂😂😂😂
At least one German ship taken by the USA not only was navigated back to America but actually remains in commission and has been maintained in operating order since WWII. That would be the sailing bark USCGC Eagle, formerly named Horst Wessel.
For measuring speed with a log it was common to space the knots every 7 fathoms and time for 30 seconds. Alternatively 8 fathoms and 28 seconds were used by some ships.
I might also add that the Stockholm hit the Doria pretty much ON the bulkhead between two W/T compartments. Engine room and generator room IIRC. So the watertight door couldn't help because the wall it was attached to was obliterated. And the Stockholm entered at slight angle while the inertia of the Doria basically dragged the Stockholm sideways allowing her mangled bow to 'sweep' the interior of the Doria causing extra carnage.
Not helped that Stockholm had a reinforced bow.
True dat.
oooo
There was an excellent documentary by a naval accident investigator (I don't remember his name but it should still be around somewhere). He concluded several things. 1 because both ships were turning, the re-enforced bow acted like a can opener on the inside of Andre Doria. This did a tremendous amount of damage internally on the liner. He also concluded that the Stockholm was at fault. Her radar operator was alone at his station. His radar had 2 settings (long range and short range). He thought his radar was in the long range setting and that he had plenty of room to cross the liner's bow, but it wasn't and he turned right into Andre Doria. The liner tried to turn away but wasn't able to get clear. This wasn't explored at the trial because the same insurance company insured both ships and just wanted the whole thing settled as fast as possible.
Both ships had fault. But Calamai's insane turn at the last moment turned what could have been a bad collision into a life-ending collision for his ship. @@timothyschmidt9566
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I am not an engineer but I spent 20+ years working with some in a global enterprise. Many of them were confused with capitalism, and sometimes how to treat people respectfully, but I held their hands through it (hello Dale Emery), and I am just a wanna-be-plowboy from Michigan. I can't thank you enough for your content. I often find myself being foolish. My patriarchal ancestry comes from Scotland via France, so by surname I am anti-anglo lol. By blood, I am mostly German, which in Michigan is common, we also have a lot of Poles, Irish and Italian heritage, something you probably know in the Isles. We also have a lot of African Americans that found their way here from the south searching for a better life, as well as the largest Iraqi population outside of Iraq, in the world. I kind of think that Spain was the first America, with its ethnic and cultural diversity. Being an American citizen demands Grace, even though many of my countrymen don't appreciate that we are all immigrants, including our beloved indigenous population (GO CHIPPS!). Anywho, my question is, if Hitler hired you in '33 and gave you free reign for the Kriegsmarine, with the same budget, what would you have done?
When doing shore bombardment the ship is considered to be standing still, but an island may be plotted as moving at NNE at 5 knots.
In Tacoma the measured mile has range markers to determine when abeam the start and end. To negate the local tidel and river current you need to run reciprocal compass headings.
Ah Battle Fleet Gothic! Lovelly game!
Take care of yourself Drach!
Seventy-nine years ago today, the most catastrophic maritime disaster in human history occurred. On January 30, 1945, the Soviet submarine S-13, under the command of Captain Alexander Marinesko, torpedoed the Wilhelm Gustloff, a German military transport ship, which had been repurposed for evacuating more than 10,600 German war refugees from the eastern parts of the Reich across the Baltic Sea. This devastating attack led to the tragic loss of an estimated 9,600 lives, including more than 5,000 children.
Thank you Drach for finally considering my Greece scenario. I thought you gave a very nice treatment... It is after all just the way 5-5-3 was supposed to work. AGAIN THANK YOU...
interesting question, but i wonder if it would had an effect on post War Greece, re communism and the deal with Stalin, that Greece was British responsibility.
@davidrenton This has not just Naval consequences in the Pacific.. But massive land war implications in Europe. If the Japanese go north, the Siberian divisions counterattack outside Moscow in December 41 are unavailable.. n that's just a start....
ooo
1:08:42 GOOD LORD, this would absolutely terrify me
Austro-Hungarian anti-flash gear is to warn people what they will look like if they don;t wear the thing.
Take care of yourself Drach. Don't go all Paul Harrell on us.
I seem to remember , from when I was a kid back in the 1970s, that there was an odd model of the SS United States. It didn’t show the hull, the model company claimed, because nobody knew what it looked like: it had a classified hull form codeveloped with the USN. Its top speed was also classified. We were suitably mystified, although I can’t remember if any of us actually purchased the model.
I thought that Hedgehog used contact fusing in the anti-submarine variant as well. There was a bathymetric element that prevented said fuse from operating until after it hit the water, though - otherwise they would have detonated at that point. It was one of the reasons that Hedgehog was disliked by crews at first - depth charges always explode and users could convince themselves that every explosion was an achievement. Hedgehog just made a few disappointing splashes unless you hit something.
Saying that, the Hedgerow bombs clearly have no arming propeller and an extender rod has been fitted to the contact fuse, ensuring (hopefully) that it detonates above ground rather than in it.
It also has a depth fuse to stop them detonating on impact with the water :)
q
I boarded the Chilean Navy sail training ship when it called in. Three masts so far as I remember. I stood against the rearmost one, just forward of the wheel.
I could wrap my arms around it as I stood there, but only just.
A steel ship with steel masts.
In the case of the Andrea Doria and Stockholm collision, it was a classic case of any one event removed from the chain of events. And, the accident wouldn’t have occurred. One of the seemingly minor errors, yet played a huge role was the misinterpretation of the radar by the Stockholm OOD. He thought the range was set to a different setting, and he also was shown to be deficient use of the plotting board. The Captain of the Doria was criticized for speeding in fog, but this was a common practice. Finally, the Stockholm made an illegal turn and cut across the Doria’s bow to make the normal port-to-port abeam passage. Nothing really new, but these facts have been lost over time…It was a great tragedy in so many ways…Still felt by many people to this very day. As an interesting coincidence my mother was a secretary for the legal firm representing the Stockholm in New York City. So, I grew-up learning about the investigation and outcome of the board of inquiry’s findings. As for Stockholm, she went onto serve many more years, and only recently was laid up. With the exception of Captain Calamai, all the officers went back to sea…Andrea Doria is gone, but her legacy remains as one of the most beautiful ships ever built…IMHO
American Isolationism in the 30's and early 40's makes it very unlikely that the US would militarily intervene into a war between two imperial powers without an attack on US territory as well. If the Japanese military had sense enough to take that chance, then that British Pacific fleet would be on its own. This would be a fun scenario to war game. All that land based naval aviation (with highly effective torpedoes), the carrier strike force and the Japanese battleline may be more than the Royal Navy (and friends) could handle even with their advantage in radar.
Guessing names for the N-3 class battleships is a fun exercise. For all the reasons you gave I would think they would recycle names from the Majestic class that set the new standard for battleships in the 1890's. Majestic, Illustrious, Magnificent & Victorious.
Would love for you to add the USS Wolverine and USS Sable to your list. They were the US Navy's only 2 sidewheel driven training carriers and were used on Lake Michigan during WWII to certify pilots for carrier duty. Both were converted from interwar luxury lake steamers.
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When you showed the USS Oregon Memorial, i recognized it immediately, not only because ive seem it so often, living in the Portland Metro since 1974, but also because of the US Bank Tower in the left background. I remember watching it being built. 😊
Hi Drach. Excellent set of videos. Comment on last question: No one is going to trust the Italians to stay out of the war unless they are defeated and their fleet destroyed. By this point, France has fallen so RN is only power policing the Med. The Germans traditionally came into Italy and defended it. No reason to believe they wouldn't do something similar here, even to the extent of seizing the remaining fleet units. So some reasonable squadron sized group wuold be left behind with aircraft carriers. The timing if the historical Japanese attack was based partially on the British being distracted by other events. With American isolationism running at an all-time high and pro-German feelings surprisingly high (Nazi vs Communist) it is unlikely the US will enter the war without a Pearl Harbor type event. I'm sure Japanese planners had something on paper for this situation but nothing survived the war. I could see a strike into the oil production areas, involving a decisive battle with RN. They had the troops to do it but the campaign is decided at sea. Without PH attack, US doesn't enter the war this election cycle. Then it's 1944 before American intervention. That's a long time for GB to fight on alone. Also, lessons learned in North Africa fundamentally educate Allied troops and leaders in modern war. Without it, those mistakes get pushed down the road. As an Army officer and historian, I don't see things going well.
What did the US learn about ship Design in WWII?
As far as I know the US learned about the so called "Lürssen Effect" from german fast Torpedo Boats.
A hydrodynamic effect (a set of rudders on the stern of the boat) that was discovered somewhere in the 1930s by the german Lürssen shipbuilding Company. It allowed for faster speeds without having to increase the engine power of the boats.
The Austro-Hungarian anti flash gear reminds me of early cyberman from Dr Who, from the 50s
My thoughts exactly! 👍
Were there ever any plans to upgrade the round 5.25" turrets on the KGVs, Didos, & Bellonas to the "Octagon" turret to improve Rate Of Fire and ease of maintenance?
Regarding the question about sabotage whilst not at war, although not military vessel, could France's sinking of Rainbow Warriors be included...
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@1hr36. The answer is always 5" 40cal. And why not...?
Tbh, I'd channel my inner Colin Chapman and just add lightness. How much speed would just leaving those 200-odd tons off?
Exploding mines on a beach is a pretty bad idea mine holes exposed blue clay which made vehicle traversing the beach even more difficult, Flail tanks were also not favoured because again an exploding mine was a bad idea, Conger the early form of Giant Viper was fortunately not available at Normandy and was a disaster when used in the Netherlands, the preferred method of the mine clearance was to have been the Bullshorn mine clearing plough on a Churchill AVRE but wasn't used and the mine clearing was done by sappers with mine detectors and bayonet. Sometimes there was a proposal to shell mortar rocket bomb the beach for which the spigot mortar on an LCVP would have been ideal but for some reason for example at "Bloody" Omaha the beach was to be cratered to give cover for assault troops and that didn't happen, hence the carnage.
When I asked the question I was wondering if one of the Brooklyn class had made it to Tokyo. I never would have expected an Omaha.
If there'd been no British intervention in Greece, the possible strategic effects may have been a quicker Germany Victory with less resources deployed and no need to send Rommel and the Africa Corp to North Africa.
Which means more troops for an earlier attack on Russia, with unknown possible out comes for the war in Russia and the overall consequences WW2.
well if you put some kind of blister on each side of the landing craft you might be able to mount a half dozen 40mm and a couple hundred hedge hogs, maybe tow a barge of some kind with extra ammunition. -- greetings from Kansas in the USA - yep we still think that way
Thought exercise: Which was more dangerous to their respective fleet? Beatty or Kamchatka?
On the question about Fisher's plans.
It is said that no plan survives contact with the enemy. I say that all enemies can be predicted, save one. That being time itself. Time, alone, shall see any plan succeed or fail. Weather, your enemy's plans. All are subject to time. And only time can fully decide the outcome. And only God can dorect time itself.
The picture for the second question... i didnt realise what i was looking at. How small the boars looked.. crazy
1:03:18 HEY DRACH! I’m 20 lmao and I know land nav as well as reading my way around the map with out the use of gps or sat map 🤣
2:10:32 1986, New Zealand. The French sink the Greenpeace ship 'The Rainbow Warrior' while in port
‘’Skipped out” so disgusted you could barely spit it out. I had a good laugh. That felt good.
In the scenario that you do on Italy you appear to for get what happens between USSR and Germany. What happens with Barbarossa?
10:25 what is civil superannuation in this context? my only knowledge of superannuation is in the australian context, which doesn't come into the picture until much later
Concerning your discussion about a torpedo attack at the end of WW1 forcing a reassessment of AirPower vs ships, you could imaging an alternate history in which the B-17 is never developed. That leads to all sorts of alternate history.
But other countries, especially Britain, had planes that filled similar roles, so the US could build them under license, just like they built the Merlin engine or post war, the Canberra bomber.
surely there are true stories of naval wars, adventures and trading from the indian region that could be told if someone wants to centre the native people in naval narratives, without resorting to near-nonsense......
wrt the alt history of no allied intervention in Greece, the Axis was working on getting access to the oil fields of Iraq and Iran. The Vichy government was increasingly accommodating to the Axis, allowing Luftwaffe units to operate in airfields in Syria. Italy and Germany had backed a coup in Iraq, April 1, 41, which removed the pro-British regime and installed a pro-Axis regime. The Iranian regime was also regarded as Axis friendly. Without Allied intervention, Greece may have been defeated sooner, enabling an amphibious operation from Greece to Syria. British troops invaded Iraq May 2, 41, closing the door on the possibility of unopposed Axis access to Iraqi oil, before the Germans could secure Greece and Crete.
Names for the N3
Annihilator
Demolisher
Obliterator
Exterminator
Great vids as usual. Regarding the "no Greece" scenario: 1) First, short of getting rid of Winny... Could not happen, because as soon as the Italians were defeated, there he goes again, anyway. Its like he thought he was Lord Byron and had to have Greece. Then once Barbarossa happened, the "soft underbelly" distraction thingie would still be required. 2) Preventing the fall of Singapore and Hong Kong was not in the cards. Why? Land. Mainly Territory troops, The RN couldn't stop that and the Army didn't have the man or will power. There is a reason the Japanese had their only propaganda coup with Indian troops who wanted independance. 3) Roosevelt could not premptivly join the war, too many isolationists, and even pro-germans, in Congress at the time. Maybe by 1943 he could, but not late '41 and early '42 . In those days Congress had to Declare. 4) Besides, i think how ever many ships the RN sent out there, the supply problems would be too tough to solve with the Battle of the Atlantic still being waged. Australia is a looong way down there and it wern't no Portsmouth. So they could end being up tied to Columbo and a few bases Down Under.
I think you are wrong on 3. Roosevelt already effectively started an undeclared naval war in September 1941 with the shoot on sight order. And he was clearly intent on pushing forward US involvement.
In addition, Congress and the people were steadily shifting toward more open support for Britain and with the shoot on sight order there would be more "incidents" soon enough that would put the US actively in the war in 1942. Unless Hitler pulls back the U-boats (which wasn't going to happen), it was just a matter of time before a US warship was torpedoed and that would cause a declaration of war even if the sub was acting reasonably in self-defense.
And in a scenario where there is a Pearl Harbor and no German declaration of war on the US, it would become trivial to get a declaration of war against the existential threat to a major ally in the Pacific. At that point any help to the British in Europe allows them to better resist Japanese advances on into India while a British defeat frees up a ton of troops to be redirected against the US and loses access to various important bases for fighting Japan.
@@88porpoise There would be some of that, and the air patrols also in the Pacific for the UK vs. Japan scenario. What there wouldn't be, is mass mobilization, hugelyy increased ship building, and gigantic growing of the Marines, Navy, and Army (significant growth but not the insane levels we saw after war was declared). Nor would there be a US submarine campaign, carrier fleet actions, and island invasions. None of that is possible without actual war. And no massive supply chain to go with those things as well.
No no as an American i agree add more guns till it endagers Stability
Ι thought the hedgehog only had contact fuses only to begin with 🤔
21st, 28 January 2024
Drachs rant about the we wuzing groups is hilarious
Would USS Liberty attack (1967) count as Peace-time sabotage attack?
Great work - Charge on!
At 0209:12, there was a question of one nation " Sabotaging" a vessel of a different nation. I know that this falls outside of the channels time limits, but there was the French DGSE sinking the Greenpeace flagship Rainbow Warrior in the port of Auckland, New Zealand on July 10, 1985 in Operation Satanique.
I thought all asw hedgehogs were contact detonation only, but also I've not heard of the hedgehog assault craft. Thanks for sharing your knowledge . Please keep up your excellent program. Did you enjoy USS NEW JERSEY?
They are once armed, but you need a depth sensor to arm them once launched or else they could explode when they hit the water :)
@@Drachinifel thank you.
The HMS Victorious question gives me a reason to circle back on the state of FAA aircraft development during WWII. Contrary to Drach's assertion naval aircraft development continued into the War culminating in replacements for the Swordfish/Albacore and Fulmar in 1943 with the Barracuda and Firefly. The former aircraft was introduced a year after the TBF with 1940 era performance and the while the Firefly had pretty good performance it still was not competitive with any Japanese or American naval fighters.
And the Idea that the Victorious was "most advanced" carrier out there is silly. The US Navy had three of the four Forrestals in commission by the time the Victorious returned to service. The Victorious met RN requirements but she was nowhere near as capable as an Essex after the SCB 125 refit. The SCB 125 carrier Essex class CVs were more capable than HMS Ark Royal after her final modernization.
(1) How miscreants are treated on foreign soil depends on whether there is a Status of Forces Agreement in force. The agreement will usually cover jurisdiction for various offenses.
(2) RE: Last question: if Italy drops out of the War in 1941 and releases Royal Navy assets for the Pacific either one of two things happens. Japan is forced to end the China on unfavorable terms. They could not win. The other possible outcome is Yamamoto sends the Kido Butai to strike Singapore and cripples the British Pacific fleet. Could they pull off a surprise attack on the Singapore under these circumstances? Maybe, especially if they give indications that they might be willing to negotiate a withdrawal from China. However, it is a lot easier to hide six carriers in the empty Northern Pacific waters than the busy shipping lanes of South East Asia.
(3) And finally a bit of fantasy fiction. We know that the USS Nimitz almost defeated the Kido Butai in the hours before Pearl Harbor but what was the earliest date that a single post war US carrier battlegroup could have done the job? 1950: USS Oriskany with 2 sqds of F9Fs, 3 Sqns of F4Us (1-5, 2 -4B) 2 Sqn ADs. 1960: USS Midway with 2 sqns F8Us, 4 Sqn A4Es, 1 Sqn AD and finally 1970: USS John F Kennedy with 2 sqn F4Bs, 3 Sqn A7Es and 1 sqn A6Bs.
1:34:04 Given what happened with the ships the US *did* remove CTs from (e.g. Helena [CL-50], Mississippi, Baltimore), adding more AA is quite likely.
With regards to shore bombardment. There is a RN 1945 video somewhere on YoutTube, I saw it years ago. It involved the preparation, I think, for the invasion of Japan. And showed exactly how they did it, using spotter planes and bracketing, along with a detailed view of the Fire Control Computer and the changes to it
I recently bought a flash hood for my cold weather cycling. Thinking it was what I had worn in the RNR in the early1970s (1940s style?), I was disappointed. It was not a loose hood but a tight fitting, one size thing with a cut out for eyes not as wide apart as my own eyes, did not cover the whole head and had a weird buttonable mouth pocket. Highly uncomfortable and looking like the Austro-Hungarian one depicted, I ditched it!
Regarding the Andrea Doria and Stockholm collision, ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aids) were several years from being developed. Most radars of the time were course up (heads up). The watch officer would need to manually plot each contact on a radar plotting sheet to determine course and speed. The relative bearing must be converted to a true bearing for the plotting sheet.
2:11:00 I guess you were only thinking of military vessels within your time period, but the sea shepard immediately comes to mind.......
@2:42:44: I'm also wonder how much the Torpedo Attack would have on Ship Displacements. Since this would cause people to want better underwater protection....
1:20:20 i've often thought about what if someone took the deck off a carrier (light or fleet) and put the Schwerer Gustav in it (maybe 2 depending of space), with the ability to have over head cranes and already having large crews it wouldn't matter much
Mousetraps .vs. Hedgehogs, I imagine that for the Landing Craft that they used the "Kissing Cousin" of Hedgehog, the Rocket Propelled Mousetrap! The US Navy did this "substitution" on smaller craft since there was a concern about the deck of these craft withstanding the (repeated) recoil due to firing Hedgehogs.
My understanding is that they basically put a short (both in length and burn time) rocket motor in the tube that the spigot fit in of a Hedgehog.....
2:47:00 However if Italy is out of North Africa after the Connor operation and out of East Africa by 1941 (which they were) and then maybe out of the war completely, Staying in their box, at home making Calzone, that leaves Germany with the ability to attack USSR without having to waste DAK in Africa and carry out Op. Punishment (the German attack on Greece when the Italians couldn't handle that campaign). So Barbarossa starts at the beginning of April - May at the latest, so Moscow taken by October before the Rasputitsa gets hold, and possibly time enough to invest Baku before the close of 1941, Soviets than fold - Russia sues for peace as it did at Brest-Livtosk in 1918. But all these counter factual alternatives are "if ifs and buts were candy and nuts, we'd all have a merry Christmas".
I have two suggestions for future videos..
One, a short story of Hms Centaur..a worthy candidate and sadly overlooked..
The other would be a longer video about Hms Amythyst and the true Yangtze incident..thank you..😊
The 2pdr Rapid Fire (aka Pom-Pom) had single, quadruple, and octantal mounts. Any idea why they never made twin mounts?
Did the Andrea Doria not have a DRT???
I believe that during the Dardanelles campaign the RN used spotter aircraft to direct 15” battleship fire on Turkish shore batteries. The battleship guns out ranged the Turkish batteries and neither side was visible to the other. I assume the aircraft used the tried and true “up 1000, right 1000” fire and correct fire method.
The picture you use to illustrate the Kreigsmarine shore bombardment question at th-cam.com/video/NXK-SBgcOvc/w-d-xo.html appears to have no guns in what I think the Germans referred to as Anton turret, do you know why that is he case?
Pls you could do one video about cruiser bahia and his battle in ww1 and ww2 he did the batle against dolphins in ww1 and ww2 he blowup becuase shot a naval mine on deck would be nice to see a review of it
Ohhhhhh. The Chinese boxer rebellion. I thought you meant the other one. The one shortly before the fifth opium war. Thanks for clarifying.
Higher viscosity bunker oil means more preheating is required to get it to spray through the feed nozzles, it also means larger nozzles needed.
Nozzles are easy to replace but providing more feed heat mreans an engineering solution is needed.
"MILITATES"NOT "MITIGATES" I THINK.
The WWI Austro-Hungarian naval headgear looks like an Otto Dix painting.
Hahaha! “Hey mate! You let water into the bottom of a ship to sink them, not letting air into the top! Hahaha! So well said…
On the question of iron masts i think i remember from Gordans strength of material that per weight wood is 7 times stronger than iron?
I see Drach would go with the 'Imperial Star Destroyer' naming convention
I love listening to your videos. Thank you for doing them.
2:34 a lot of sailors in the mid to late 19th C were from Yemen - but of merchant service, and are the reason why the Tyneside town of South Shields at the Southern mouth of the Tyne had Mosques and Muslim community long before the textile workers arrived in Lancashire. As to racial appropriation documentaries and 'story lines' the main catalyst was that appalling series on WW1 run on BBC Radio 4 in 2014, which also had a link with Tyneside so perhaps banning Tynesiders from access to academia might be a valid idea -and Lucy that means you, even though you might be descended from an Admiral of the Fleet.
Hohohoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Will you do a video about the Knights of Malta and their time as pirates before and after the Great Siege and Lepanto?
is "WW2 Tales" an accurate Japanese depiction of sea battles >?
I'm still waiting to find out how long a piece of square cubed is.
i had previously heard that the usual hedgehog projectiles were contact (not depth) triggered, thus ignition meant contact with a sub.
The depth fuse was to arm them so they didn't explode on contact with the ocean.
You need more salt pork and hardtack for your health.
Wow port of call Bayone NJ for Pt 2 Q2