Nestor Makhno's Black Army: the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ต.ค. 2024
- The Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, also known as the Makhnovtsi or the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, was a anarchist army active during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921. The army was led by Nestor Makhno, a Ukrainian peasant and anarchist who advocated for a society based on free association and mutual aid.
Makhno and his followers fought against various forces during the war, including the Red Army, the White Army, and various nationalist and anti-Semitic groups. The Makhnovshchina was initially aligned with the Bolsheviks, but later broke with them over disagreements about the role of the state and the suppression of individual liberties.
Under Makhno's leadership, the Makhnovshchina controlled a large swath of territory in southeastern Ukraine, which they organized into a network of communes and councils. The army practiced direct democracy and collective decision-making, and rejected the authority of any central government. Despite their successes on the battlefield and their popular support among the peasantry, the Makhnovshchina ultimately faced defeat by the Red Army in 1921. Makhno fled to Romania and then to Paris, where he lived in exile until his death in 1934.
History Hustle presents: The Black Army of Nestor Makhno during the Russian Civil War.
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SOURCES
- Red Famine. Stalin’s War on Ukraine (Anne Applebaum).
- Russia: Revolution and Civil War, 1917-1921 (Antony Beevor).
- Russia in Flames. War, Revolution, Civil War 1914 - 1921 (Laura Engelstein).
- A People's Tragedy. A History of the Russian Revolution (Orlando Figes).
- The Russian Civil War (2) White Armies [Men-at-Arms 305] (Mikhail Khvostov).
- Nestor Makhno. Anarchy's Cossack. The Struggle for Free Soviets in the Ukraine 1917-1921 (Alexandre Skirda, Paul Sharkey).
IMAGES
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VIDEO
Video material from:
• Makhnovtchina - Махнов...
Makhnovtchina - Махновщина
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Can you make video on Aramaic Grigory Semnov ? He was a warlord in the Transbaikal. He owned a territory as large as France
✅
@@thomaswatson1739 See my video about the White Terror:
th-cam.com/video/mlThTnXcBk4/w-d-xo.html&pp=ygUMd2hpdGUgdGVycm9y
Ukraine, in particular southern parts of Ukraine, has really been the most tragic part of Europe in the recent centuries with continuous conflicts and tragedies to no end.
It's Eastern Europe. Having a happy ending is illegal.......
Balkans isn't much better.
Thanks for your response.
@@BHuang92😂👍
@@gumdeoTrue
They also had arguably the best song out of all factions in this mess - "Mother Anarchy loves her sons".
Personally I still prefer the songs of Ukrainian People's Republic:
"Розмова" ("Пане Петлюро...") - пісня про отамана Петлюру і військо УНР
"Славний батько наш Петлюра" - пісня 24 стрілецького куреня армії УНР
Пісня про Тютюнника / Song about Tiutiunnyk (Юрій Тютюнник)
Here are some good ones you can look up on youtube, and that period also created some classics that are sung to this day, like Chervona Kalyna (red viburnum), and the national anthem of Ukraine.
@@thrwwccnt5845 Thanks!
@@Artur_M. also a song I really like by the Black Army more than Mother Anarchy is "Кінські Роздори" also called "Соловей-розбійник"
A banger
MAKHNO WAS AN ANARCHIST HERO!
@duckynado so we concentrate on infighting ? What? I'm an ancom but I'm cool with collectivists.
shout out to my main man Lenin for founding the first workers state
Still people who admire Makhno.
Why would you defend a gang r pist??
how goes the 8th grade?@@TimoDcTheLikelyLad
Just a little correction: It was a *C*-96 Mauser and the nickname "broom handle" was given to the gun, not the holster.
C-96 means, "Construction of 1896". Construction is spelled konstruktion in German, so K-96 may be an appropriate title in some countries.
@@robertsansone1680 Not at all. At that time it was spelled "Construction" also in German. It is most propperly a wrong transcript from the cyrillic alphabet.
@@peterstadlmaier3107 You are probably correct. Now that I think of it, C-96 is it's German designation. Oh well, I meant well with my theory. Thank You for the clarification.
Gotta say, machno and his guys definetly win the award of most stylish army of the russian civil war.
They sure had something yeah.
Especially his little friend Fyodor Schuss who always wore his sailor outfit
Very funny guys
Very interesting video! I've been fascinated by Nestor Makhno and the Makhnovschchina for years now, glad to see more content about the topic! :D
Awesome 👍
Cool pfp
Anarchists be like: ACAB, except when it's draped in a black flag ☺️
@@jessl1934they werent a police
@@Deadliner-svd Lol you can call it by whatever name you like but policing is done by cops.
You're literally proving my point with your reply.
Makhno was indeed a fascinating figure. While he was charging all over the Ukraine fighting Reds, Whites and Greens, I’ve never come across an account of life under the Makhnovischina controlled areas. These “communes” referred to were basically land appropriated from large land owners. I don’t think that any substantial collectivisation occurred as happened later in Aragon and Catalonia in the Spanish Civil War.
Very interesting, informative and well presented.
👍👍👍
After watching this video, it’s interesting to hear about the anarchist faction of this civil, which was rarely mentioned because we mostly pay attention to Soviet reds against the anti-communist whites.
Overall, as a Chinese who also studied our own modern civil war(KMT vs CPC), our civil war are also as complex as the Russian Civil war, with the main groups fighting to form a communist nation, group fighting to form a none communist nation and groups who wants regional independence. However unlike the Russian Civil War, which is about fighting for ideology, the Chinese Civil War is mostly about power struggles and to see who can rule Beijing/all of China under their one rule. Because in the early stage it’s about the Communist, Nationalist, many different warlord fighting one another plus regional separatists like Tibet and Xinjiang wanting to gain independence. Then in the later stages, it’s all the warlord siding with the Nationalists, against the Communists, and the regional separatists being themselves.
The Russian Civil War is largely unknown in the West, hidden behind decades of Soviet propaganda. Thankyou for this introduction to a much overlooked subject.
Yes. Well said.
Indeed, Propaganda in the West omits the fact that the founder of the Cheka (forerunner of the KGB) was Polish. Felix Dzerzhinsky. He was replaced by another Pole Vyacheslav Menzhinsky between 1926 -34. His sister Vera Menzhinsky worked closely with Lenin’s wife.
Lenin’s elite Latvian guard also played a crucial role in the Russian revolution.
‘The commanders of the Red Latvian Riflemen (as well as some other Latvians, not connected to the Riflemen) attained dizzying heights in Soviet Russia and across the USSR. Gustav Bokis, for instance, headed the mechanized forces of the Red Army, Jukums Vācietis served for a while as commander-in-chief, and Jēkabs Alksnis commanded the air force’.
@@rjames3981 wow, colonial forces exist? It's almost like collaborators have always sorta been a thing for occupied and colonized nations. Their existence in no way really justifies whatever "eastern and central Europe actually WANTED the soviets there" narrative you types seem to really love to push despite none of said groups ever really being given a choice in the matter. That which resembled a peaceful future would be shattered by the imperialist and reactionary tendencies of primarily two nations, making use of extremists in either to further their expansionist goals.
No it isn't what aload of propoganda and rubbish it's well know in the west. Your either an Eastern Europe or an American who doesn't have a clue what your on about. Its litteral apart of the school cariculm and most people know about it who do history at school. Bruh it's impossible not to and theirs a large and well know amount of western historians who study it
Nestor is my hero
Mine too
Nelson Mandela is *my* hero. No, grudge, no hate, a real service to the entire people. (And no storming forth on a horse, waving a sable!)
@@rursus8354 Was Nelson heroic when he was arrested carrying a bomb he planned to blow up a family with?
Many people still admire him.
I would never uphold a gang r pist as a hero.
But maybe that's because I'm an anarchist?
Thank you for this video because this is often neglected subject of the Russian revolution.
Thanks for watching.
Interesting, I've recently been learning about Ukraine's history (prompted by Russia's war against Ukraine), but finding English-language sources for this tumultuous period is difficult, especially sources that explain clearly the different factions: Reds, Blacks, etc. Thank you!
Great to read your reply Big Sarge!
Indeed, Propaganda in the West omits the fact that the founder of the Cheka (forerunner of the KGB) was Polish. Felix Dzerzhinsky. He was replaced by another Pole Vyacheslav Menzhinsky between 1926 -34. His sister Vera Menzhinsky worked closely with Lenin’s wife.
Lenin’s elite Latvian guard also played a crucial role in the Russian revolution.
‘The commanders of the Red Latvian Riflemen (as well as some other Latvians, not connected to the Riflemen) attained dizzying heights in Soviet Russia and across the USSR. Gustav Bokis, for instance, headed the mechanized forces of the Red Army, Jukums Vācietis served for a while as commander-in-chief, and Jēkabs Alksnis commanded the air force’.
Always interesting Stefan. Great topic. Cheers from Tennessee
Thanks for your reply!
Love the Ukraine content keep it up stefan!
Thanks for watching!
What a fantastically interesting and informative channel this is! I discovered it only last week and spent most my day off today watching video after video. Time very well spent.
Welcome to the channel! What history are you most interested in?
@@HistoryHustle Hi, thank you. I'm very interested in 20th century history, particularly military history.
Excellent! Thank You! I have heard that Makhno was a tough hombre & a worthy opponent. "He would take on all comers", as one book said.
A fascinating man for sure. Excellent video and photo footage in this video⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Many thanks for your nice words again!
An extra thanks for this episode. This is such an obscure topic, even to those who study the Russian Civil War. Makhno was doomed from the start, really. Neither the Reds nor Whites would have tolerated him when the war was finished., and he certainly wasn't going to win the war on his own. He was a useful person to both sides at different times, but in the end, a vainglorious attempt at... who knows what, really. I've read multiple times that was stopped the White's offensive at Moscow was Makhno's taking Ekaterinoslav , as that's where the Whites kept most of their artillery supplies and other munitions. Anyway, was the Ding Dong at 7:18 the signal for the White forces to go to Ekaterinoslav and defect? Just wondering. Take it easy.
Guess it was the signal haha. Cheers!
History Hustle! Always appreciate your content. Keep doing your great work. Will have to visit the Netherlands soon.
Your friend from Washington DC!
Great to read. Thanks Stephen!
Thanks!
Once else many thanks for yoir ongoing support Jesse!
Great review of history Good Friend ✌️ my best Stefan 👍 Cheers Jesse
Awesome! I am very grateful for your enthousiasm and support. Have a good weekend!
This is a very interesting topic. Thank you!
😎👍
Thanks. The Ukrainian Emiliano Zapata. Bz
Good comparison
@@scottabc72 Thanks.
"Instructor.." another Great example.." of little known military history..to some of us ..including myself.."revealed"!!
thanks bro
👍👍👍
Professional presentation. 🙏🇦🇺
Thanks Phil!
@@HistoryHustle 👍
Stefan please do an episode on the UPA and their struggle post-WW2 in Ukraine. Obviously tie that in with events (OUN) of WW2.
Perhaps one day!
Sir, as a life long, student of history, thank you very much for your work in preserving history.
👍👍👍
There's a pretty good 12 part Ukrainian-language TV drama series on Makhno with English subtitles. The main actor is a good likeness for Makhno.
Archinov and Voline are probably the best sympathetic writers on the movement.
Sounds interesting!
some of the Green forces, since Black army was shown here:
Green 'Republics'
At first "Greens" was the name of troops who hid in the woods (in the northern Caucasus and Crimean peninsula) and consisted of persons who had avoided mobilization into the army or deserters from both "Red" and "White" armies. At first "Greens" were non-political and made previously diversionary raids with different "Green" detachments supported various Communist (red), anti-Communist (white), anarchist (black) or nationalist movements.
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The largest Green Army existed in Black sea coast of Caucasus was the [pro-Communist] Kubano-Black Sea Red-Green Army (est. 15,000 persons) that resisted Denikin's Russian Volunteer Army in the summer of 1919 on the territory between Anapa and Adler. This Army and had no central commander and consisted of separate troops. In the winter of 1920 there were forces
under the Green 'Soviet' Army between Anapa and Tuapse (under commandant P.M. Morits) and Black Sea Peasants' Militia (between Sochi and Adler) that merged in Mar 1920 to form Red Army of Black Sea Land (est. 12,000 persons, under commandant Ye.S. Kazanskiy); it joined together with the "Red" Army to destroy Denikin's forces in the northern Caucasus.
.
pro-Communist "Green" (called "Red-Green") partisan troops in Crimea merged in Aug 1920 into the Rebel Army of Crimea (under commandant A.V. Mokrousov) and joined together with "Red" Army against Vrangel's (Wrangel) "White" forces.
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Some "Greens" joined the "White" movement, these were often called "White-Greens." The best known of these forces was the Army for Revival of Russia (in 1920 under command of General Fostikov) in the northern Caucasus.
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And there was the Green Ukraine = Cossacks migrants from Ukraine in Far Siberia/trans-Amur formed the republic of Green Ukraine trying to unite with Ukraine also but failed from June 1917 to January 1918, when it merged (although its congress stayed until 1922) into the Far Eastern Repubic/Chita Repubic under the White army of Kolchak until Oct 25, 1922.
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By mid-1920 nearly all the "Green" forces were dissolved, with some becoming part of Red Army.
The Russian civil war was rather multicolored, beside the White, the Reds, The Black army, the Greens, there were also the Grey, Yellow and Raspberry [Ukraine]!
Thanks for sharing.
I am proud that Romania has helped this brave man escape, though he was kind of naive to work with the Reds and not expect their betrayal.
Yes, Romania was a safe haven for them.
What was the attitude of the Romanians to Jewish people in the first half of the 20th century?
Владимиров - many of these topics are often complex and interlinked.
Lenin and the Bolsheviks were transferred from Switzerland to Russia in 1917 by the German High Command for instance.
@Владимиров - The German General Staff were well aware that the Bolsheviks wanted to remove Russia from WW1.
That’s why they facilitated their transfer through Germany and across the Baltic Sea to neutral Sweden (then Russian Finland)
PS Don’t forget the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919. I think History Hustle has a video about this.
What do you mean "not expect their betrayal"?
Not only was it not a betrayal but Makhno deeply distrusted the Bolsheviks, spoke out against them upon signing a treaty with them, and summarily executed people who he suspected of being Bolshevik sympathizers.
Informative and an excellent introduction of that part ( black rebellious ledger by Nestor Makhnos) against whites and red's ...during complicated conflicts during WW1 and later...I don't hear this matter in such details...about Ukrainian strokes in that period....thank you Sir Stefan
The Bolsheviks betraying the Black Army is a Top Ten Anime Betrayal Moment
Anime? Didn't know this.
Betrayal? Lol, this is what happens when you get your history from memes instead of books.
@@jessl1934 tradimento è infamia dei fascisti rossi. Esatto
🏴☠️🏴☠️🏴☠️
The black anarchist flag.
Very informative 👌
👍
verdadera mucho gracias
👍
Damn, i thought its was the Game Awards kid again
Lol.
The brother of makhno was killed by comunists in Ulyapole he was 6 years old.
That I did not know.
Slava Nestorovi! Slava Free territory! Viva la Nestor!
Ok.
Yessssss a new youtube video about the man who inspired me
👍
how goes the 8th grade?
👍
👍
We can almost take it for granted that Nestor, were he alive today, would be as equally disdainful of Ukrainian as he would be of Russian nationalism. A true
Internationalist,and foe of all and any nation-states that flog the exhausted old nag of ‘ Die for the motherland…. ‘ , off he’d go into exile again,..perhaps being pressured to bow to, or grovel before, a statue of Bandera prior to being expelled.
Why did Makhno create a secret police if he opposed creation of a state?
LoL read about him in immigration
@@Leo-yr5jb What do you mean?
Not bad, you are clearly using sources like Arshinov, Makhno's memoirs, and Skirda's writing, which are not that historical. Gotta dig deeper, my friend.))
Please explain.
@@HistoryHustle Well, it would take more than a comment on TH-cam. The commonly used above mentioned sources suffer from a certain ideological bias, as all ideologically charged narratives do.Unfortunately even the better sources, such a the Belashed book "The paths of Nestor Makhno", works of the Russian anarchist historian Shubin and some Ukrainian historians not going along with the official nationalist narrative still miss the broader picture.
For instance, the tachanka was invented by the Dutch settlers in South Africa during the Boer wars and used in WWI by all sides. Makhno did not invent it, it is a common trop.
Makhnovshchina as a movement and RPAU (makhnovists) went through a few iterations and never were the same at any point of time. It was more a mutation, which is good, than a gradual development.
Sorry, as I said earlier, it is not for a comment section. Cheers.
@@HistoryHustle At the risk of sounding snobbish, all of your sources rely on the sources I mentioned and they are not always reliable, except the overall view of how things generally went along.
Makhovshina is much more nuanced, as probably all historical things are, than it is presented either by the anarchists or their opponents. I had the luck of being born in Southern Ukraine, a privilege to talk to the witnesses of the events, and know history in details people usually do not care for. I
I am not trying to criticize your work, I commend it. All I'm saying is that the accepted narrative is not correct in details.Which are the best part of history IMHO.
Great overview of a little-known Ukrainian patriot who did not long survive after his cause failed. What uniform jacket are you wearing??
@Владимиров I thought I knew a great deal about the Russian Revolutionary era, but History Hustle and you have schooled me in a story I literally knew nothing about. Thanks for that, it has sent me on a new knowledge quest.
Thanks for your reply. Finnish WW2 actually.
СЛАВА УКРАЇНІ!
Ok.
Call Volga
I enjoy these Russian civil war videos... It's a large chapter of History missing from the American school books
👍
I thought the Civil War was between the Reds and Whites, until i found out about the Greens and Blacks! Unfortunately, we didn't get a whole rainbow
Wait, there are more colors!:
Raspbarry Ukraine = (Circassia) Kuban Rada later the Kuban Peoples Rebublic January 28, 1917 during the Revolution until November 6, 1919 when it was occupied by the White army of Denikin. It tried to unite with Ukraine and Georgia, but was unable to. Cossacks migrants from Ukraine were 55% of the Kuban, Russification and Genocide/Holodomor has reduced the Pop of Ukraninian heritage to 1%.
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Yellow Ukraine = Cossacks migrants from Ukraine aound the Volga River from Ashkatan to Samara. Never formed a political group.
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Grey Ukraine = Cosssacks migrants from Ukraine around the area of Omsk/north Kazakhstan. These did form political group Main Ukrainian Council of Siberia July 1917 which often changed name/joined others such as Provisional Siberian Government and New Provisional Siberian Government then the Provisional All-Russian Government until some cossacks led a coup which resulted in Kolchak and the White army taking charge.
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Green Ukraine = Cossacks migrants from Ukraine in Far Siberia/trans-Amur formed the republic of Green Ukraine trying to unite with Ukraine also but failed from June 1917 to January 1918, when it merged (although its congress stayed until 1922) into the Far Eastern Repubic/Chita Repubic under the White army of Kolchak until Oct 25, 1922.
@@tommy-er6hh Oh thank you! I had no idea! That's so interesting!
Nikolas was executed with his whole family. He never stepped down.
He did step down after the February Revolution.
@@HistoryHustle where did this information come from how come no one ever heard of it till now. We were Bolshevik refugees and we basically got murdered off our lands and had to escape occupied Russia. These people were worse than vampires.
Nicholas II abdicated the throne on behalf of both him and his heir on March 15, 1917.
"how come no one ever heard of it" lol, this is common knowledge among anyone who knows anything about the Russian Civil War. Go read a book before running your mouth, you're making a fool of yourself.
@@Oregon123
Et s il avait gagné ? , la rosa de Luxembourg aurait gagné ? , pas sûr !, après on ne sait ? Si ? , si , si ? On ne refait pas l histoire 😢
Who knows...
Nice hair.
Makhno or the youtuber? xD
@@thrwwccnt5845 both
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Case of heavy internal differences imploding the state after the central government collapse.
Like in Tito's SFR Yugoslavia.
Simple nation states are stable and productive more than forced complex multinational state prone to collapse.
One of the fighters against the Makhino , the Soviet General Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin, commander of entire Army Group- 1st Ukrainian Front, was killed by the UPA in March 1944.
Thanks for sharing this.
Si Makhno avait gagné ? , la Corée du Nord aurait perdu ???😂
Lol
The black movement in Ukraine has intrigued me since I first heard of it. Firstly, because in spite of being the most revolutionary of the political movements, it was very tame and conservative which led to it being stable. Secondly , it is actually worked. Which baffled me as a third positionist statist(fascist for short). And kastly because their military was one of the most competent of the time. All signs of a successful state yet they were anti-statists, it is very interesting and I have a great deal of respect for them because of it.
too bad they were almost all exterminated by the reds they once saw as allies
Makhno was a great guerrilla commander but a political illiterate who was unable to devise à long-term strategy. As his fellow anarchists during the Spanish civil war they ended up being the allies of the reactionaries. In fact, many of the veterans of the black army ended up fighting along side the banderistas and the nazis.
Yes, but he was an Anarchist. The political tactics of Anarchism is to be a political illiterate, to abolish long-term strategy, abolish ownership, abolish all state structures, and then everything will automatically turn out a paradise.
The Spanish Anarchists did not end up allies of reactionaries, most had to flee, be imprisoned or executed.
@@scottabc72 my bad, I botched my sentence. I should have said that it was the Makhnovic who ended up in OUN and then in nazi sponsored units.
it's never too late to learn bandera was put in a concentration camp by the nazis
Yo, do you have a source for them joining the OUN??
Nestor Makhno un magnifico illuso. A magnificent self-delusional
Indeed, Anarchists always lose in the end.
Interesting stuff nevertheless.
You should talk about stepan bandera and Nazi collaborators of ukraine next , you know, the group that still exists in ukraine and is a huge part of the euro maidan and which comprises literal actual military units in the Ukrainian military (azov regiment)
Let me guess, they also eat russian speaking babies and are behind the genetically modified mosquitoes that target russian speakers, produced of course in bioweapon laboratories sponsored by the evil west
@Multipolar - indeed. The Kim Dotcom ‘feed’ is very good on the present situation in Eastern Europe and Ukraine. Excellent drone footage from a few days ago too.
Anarchya mama za nas✊️
Ok.
Not if they're Mennonites tho!
@@jessl1934 boohoo 🤗 kulak shit, and the Mennonites weren't pacifist.
@@tezismith8795 I never said that they were pacifists but go off, I guess?
@@jessl1934 that's the typical line, sorry
the anarchists wanted anarchy for the mennonites. the [estate owning] mennonites (from 1919 onwards) resisted because they really, really liked being obscenely rich estate owners.
Books about the Makhnovists I would recommend : The History of the Makhnovist Movement by Peter Arshinov, Nestor Makhno : Anarchy's Cossack by Alexandre Skirda and the Unknown Revolution by Voline.
Thanks for sharing.
You've completely skipped over the pogroms and banditry they performed, which is part of why the modern fascist nationalists love them - for how they performed their pogroms and what the modern fascists could learn from them.
Will cover that later.
А будьонiвка та нiмецька каска,це по приколу?.
Он учитель истории голландского языка, поэтому у него есть исторические предметы. Похоже на каску времен Первой мировой войны.
Headgear of the enemies of the Blacks.