When I get too old to ride my old Ducati I will get an Alfa like this. When I was a little boy we had three of them in our family. What a privilege but I didn't realise it at the time. One of the greatest cars ever made.
Thank you for the video. I am the second owner of one, bought when I was 19 and serviced it with the Beninca family ( Surry hills) it’s entire life. It was garaged for 30 yrs. Cost a bit to get back on the road, ouch, one tiny rust patch (didn’t get washed for 30yrs) bit shabby inside but omg forget anti depressants, stress, and spiky in-laws, I will keep it for an investment, but mostly for therapy. I feel lucky to have one. If u get the opportunity to drive this, give it the stick the 1750 so dearly loves, I gave her a 90 thousand miles worth as advised by her therapists the great Beninca family and she loved me back, never once breaking down and stranded. The rear axle feels like the hind legs of a surefooted bunny rabbit when u jag a little left and right going straight through a roundabout (inside the speed limit of course) and going through the gears, the surge from the seats, the sound of that engine, It’s more theatre than breakneck speed (mind u has impressive top speed) but what theatre and handling. Grazie multo to whoever u wonderful Italian dudes were. I salute you.😊
I have a 1969 stepnose 105. It was a 1300 but somone stuffed a 1750 in it. My car is rough but it drives well. Very minor rust and easily repaired. I don't think rust is why they are rare and desirable but rather they are rare due to people hanging onto them and they are desirable because the market place, like some other classics, has finally realised just how great these cars are and easy to maintain. I'm just glad I have one.
These Alfa s are so valuable today is for a simple reason.The were very good cars in their days streets ahead of the pack. After 50 years the survival rate has to be low in most cars, the parts supply has now improved a lot for these cars thankfully.
I owned my S1 1750 GTV for 12 years and totally loved that car. When I sold it back around 2015 all I could get for it was $6.5K. How they rose on price thereafter. And yes they do rust. Mind you I bought a Giulia 1300 TI to replace the GTV and again only paid $6.5K for it back then. It too has risen in price. Mind you I also have a ‘69. Fiat AC 124 Sport which I have owned for 43 years, so I am not complaining.
My first Alfa was a secondhand 1750 Berlina which was identical to this one except for the longer wheelbase. It was the mid seventies and a mate sold it to me on the basis that all the rust had been cut out. I came from owning and hill climbing a couple of Mini Cooper S’s and was blown away by the steering feel, the gear change, brakes and utter connection between the driver and the road of the Alfa. And that engine note! It truly was an extension of your fingers and toes. But after a respray, rust did 🎉returned so in anger I traded it on a low mileage 1750 Alfetta. Neither car ever let me down. Rust however started to appear and with a baby on the way and no aircon I traded in to a new 2L Giulietta which we owned for 24 years before illness forced a sale. I live in Sydney, had excellent specialist mechanics and the Giulietta gave few worries and actually had no rust on sale. It was not that fast but it demanded, like all of my Alfas to be driven well, but rewarded one with such a great driving experience. So that ended over 34 years of wonderful continuous Alfa ownership. They all were special in their own way but the Berlina was my first love. I agree that the 1750 was the sweet spot in the engine lineup. Thanks for the review and the memories.
The reason why the rev counter flutters, is because the cable from the water pump drive to the gauge is worn internally. A new cable will fix the problem.
Some of Chiti's Autodelta F1 drivers would practice with this factory coupe. I don't know if the practice autos had a full array of Autodelta trick equipment.
Don't worry. We have plenty of white Teslas - and Tesla-haters - out here too. Although I haven't heard of coal rolling here as a 'thing' in Australia yet. Give it time. To me that's a bit like taking a dump in your neighbour's swimming pool and going "ha ha" like Nelson in the Simpsons. A bit childish. Confession: I actually like Teslas as cars. I like the way they steer and love the get up and go. Mark not so much - hence the "gawddam Teslas" remark for his benefit - as he just loves swapping cogs and the sound of a wailing flat 6 @ 9000rpm. Or even a low powered old Alfa 1750 motor. So do I actually. I want it both ways. Although even in my EV fanboy moments I think Mr Musk can be frightfully annoying, especially in his more sociopathic mood swings when he acts against the interests of his loyal customers and staff, or blow billions out of petulant pride to make some obscure point. And some of his ideas like the Yoke wheel, are simply idiotic.
I was on You Tube, looking at other Alfa videos when I stumbled upon this one. I love Alfas. I love the soul of the cars. I own many Spiders, from 1971 to 1993. Yes, the 1993 S4 lost a lot of the Alfa magic, but it's a great daily driver. I bought a 1971 GTV last year and I fell in love with it. It drives better than either the 1750 or 2000 Spider. I'm here in So Cal and I took it up Hwy 39 going toward Angeles Crest (it stopped going all the way through many years ago, but it's open much of the way). Beautiful on the twisties. Yes, it's definitely a keeper! You gentlemen did a fantastic job describing the driving experience and what makes the GTV so special. You were also honest about the drawbacks, which there are some. As a whole package, I'm amazed at how nice a 52 year old car drives. Yes, way ahead of it's time.
New car day! Picked up first ever brand new car - hyundai i20N. Just 9 miles on the clock. Now on 658 miles. Too wet I the UK to really explore but it's doing all the things I wanted. 3 decent rear seats. Firm but just about acceptable. Good tech. Every nut and bolt is brand new with 5 years warranty Inc track days. Best surprise is the front diff. Out of corner traction way beyond expectations
I hope you love your i20N. As you've owned a M3 and XK8 you're going to especially love that warranty. I remember how wet it was when I reviewed it.Torrential! It'll be right at home in the UK. Enjoy!
They are still modestly priced for what they are. The shape ages extremely well, the engine is fantastic and they are relatively low hassle to live with. Let’s not forget that the 1750 was a direct 911 competitor back in its day.
Great Great Review! Just subscribed! Thanks guys always give up the facts, specs, impressions and if there's something out of the ordinary. Almost everyone else fails in that regard.
Thanks AMG Guy. You might our enjoy our review of the AMG SLS Black Series (that sadly has not a lot of views - beats me why!) Or the C63S or the SL55 we enjoyed last week.
I had a 1969 1750 in the late 70s here in Aotearoa New Zealand. What a treat on our scenic roads, you couldn't get the smile off my face. Traded it for a BMW 2002tiii, wish I still owned both still.
Lovely cars, the older GTVs are great. Not sure that any ICE car is a great financial investment in the next decade though. Agree that the Bora is one of Guigaro’s greatest, but always had a soft spot for the GTV’s. I also liked the mid 80s ones with their rear transaxle (but I may be a bit biased about front engine rear transaxle lol). A mate had one of these 70s GTV’s in the 80s and I always admired it. Other mates had Alfasuds - one of them bought it new and had to have rust holes cut out of while it was still under warranty! Absolutely diabolical when it came to rust.
Having owned both a 1969 Type 105 "1750 Spider Veloce" and a 1974 Type 115 "Berlina 2000" in period (both purchased new), the correct factory designation for your Type 105 coupé is "1750 GT Veloce." [The later Type 115 coupé with the 2 liter was designated as a "GT 2000 Veloce."] The Alfa Romeo factory did not use the “GTV" moniker until the introduction of the Type 118 transaxle cars. Refering to your lovely coupé as a "GTV" is a misnomer.
Was tempted to go down that route but the 1600 has won me over. Would like more grunt but not at the expense of revs. I found the same with Minis- better a screaming 998 than a torquier 1275, whatever the speedo tells you!
open review, but really 195 section tyres on the test car spoil are a huge difference to the original size tyre and the whole feel of the car (not to mention much heavier steering at traffic speeds) and do not give an accurate assessment of the handling. The car was developed and tested by Alfa Romeo engineers on 165 section tyres on which they left the factory (without a 185 option either) and Alfas were all about a combined balance between engine, steering, suspension, brakes and tyres, not biased towards grip or power. Alfa engineers setup the car correctly and a stock car is in my opinion much better than modified cars if of course rubber bushings, shock absorbers and other proper maintenance are carried out. The 2000 GTV however despite having an inferior engine to the 1750 stock, had the advantage of the Limited slip differential to help the traction on differently cambered roads where the live axle is not ideal.
In the US, the inflated prices of these Alfas has alreadt taken place....a good example often blowing thru $45K...and what does one get for that?, maybe 125HP ??. With all the 400+ HP giant SUVs crawling around...the Teslas rocketing about eating up Camaros, Mustangs & Corvettes....Also the "inflated bodies" of American physiques ( Fat & obese peoples), they honestly don't even physically fit in these cars anymore...Why do you think Americans prefer their oversized SUVs?...it's so their oversize bodies can actually fit.
@@inCARnationAustralia Actually I wondered if it was a 3/4 model at first! There a few Japanese made 3/4 size iconic cars arnt there? And thats just a toyota, put it beside a Ram!
What a great video with a great car can you find a Fiat 124 coupe and do a video on it the drive might surprise you The later 2000 cars had dellorto carbs and had smoother transition from down low and therefore even better Well done guys don’t ever lower yourselves and start doing videos on a Tesla or any other Makita powered cars that are going to be powered on solar power and windmills 😂 😂 I’ve subscribed this is the first and looking forward to seeing many more
Michael, I like my bread buttered on both sides! It is possible that one can appreciate both the howl of a GT3 and the immense shove of an AWD EV. Makita! ouch!
Wasn't the current owner! And regarding the steering wheel, easiest solution - suggest watching the video using a mirror. I suppose I could create a flipped version for US and Europe. Sorry if it's a little unsettling.
@@joey243win Retrofitted sunroofs were were pretty popular on Long Island, NY back in the early eighties but didn’t add any value to the car as they always found a way to leak.
With just over 1200 Boras and Meraks made in total, little chance I'll ever get to sit in either. But yes, I was surprised to see the Merak is about 400kg lighter than a Bora. With it's 3.0 V6 motor, I guess it was more a Dino competitor and the Bora with its 4.7 V8 more a Daytona competitor. Interesting they both are on the same chassis I think - with identical external dimensions. Good observation about the Artura. Hadn't noticed that before but those buttresses at the back are very like the Merak. Thanks for your comment.
... thumbs up from me too. My Scottish GT Junior was riddled with rust, with the bottom 8" mostly fubared but we are getting there now. BTW the MX5's in this country are notorious for rusting out in tricky areas, ie high up in rear arches and many have been scrapped...
Pointless having cars of this pedigree in Australia if you can’t drive them to their full potential and no faster than 120km per hour. I love the freeway in Europe, where you can drive as fast as you like.
@@tommeiner9983 Have you actually ever been to Croatia, Germany or Italy ?. Well if you have then you would have noticed that the speed limits are recommended speed limits, recommended speed that you dont need to stick to if you wish to speed faster. As I have mentioned before, I regularly drive my car well above the speed limit here in Croatia.
@dantetomic7049 No, that's definitely not how it works. I live just north of you in Hungary, and while you won't get a ticket for doing 134 instead of 130, you still most definitely cannot as fast as you want. And the same applies to the countries you mentioned.
![[#2024MAMA] ROSÉ (로제), Bruno Mars - APT. | Mnet 241122 방송](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/dgGqD28J6aQ/mqdefault.jpg)
When I get too old to ride my old Ducati I will get an Alfa like this. When I was a little boy we had three of them in our family. What a privilege but I didn't realise it at the time. One of the greatest cars ever made.
Thank you for the video.
I am the second owner of one, bought when I was 19 and serviced it with the Beninca family ( Surry hills) it’s entire life. It was garaged for 30 yrs. Cost a bit to get back on the road, ouch, one tiny rust patch (didn’t get washed for 30yrs) bit shabby inside but omg
forget anti depressants, stress, and spiky in-laws, I will keep it for an investment, but mostly for therapy. I feel lucky to have one.
If u get the opportunity to drive this, give it the stick the 1750 so dearly loves, I gave her a 90 thousand miles worth as advised by her therapists the great Beninca family and she loved me back, never once breaking down and stranded.
The rear axle feels like the hind legs of a surefooted bunny rabbit when u jag a little left and right going straight through a roundabout (inside the speed limit of course) and going through the gears, the surge from the seats, the sound of that engine, It’s more theatre than breakneck speed (mind u has impressive top speed) but what theatre and handling. Grazie multo to whoever u wonderful Italian dudes were. I salute you.😊
Love reading comments like this. Just hope the spiky in-laws don't see it. Cars as therapy... well said.
Prego Andrew, we had a great day out with this wonderful car.
I have a 1969 stepnose 105. It was a 1300 but somone stuffed a 1750 in it. My car is rough but it drives well. Very minor rust and easily repaired. I don't think rust is why they are rare and desirable but rather they are rare due to people hanging onto them and they are desirable because the market place, like some other classics, has finally realised just how great these cars are and easy to maintain. I'm just glad I have one.
These Alfa s are so valuable today is for a simple reason.The were very good cars in their days streets ahead of the pack. After 50 years the survival rate has to be low in most cars, the parts supply has now improved a lot for these cars thankfully.
Thanks, they really are great cars to drive
Favorite car to work on
Have had a few
I owned my S1 1750 GTV for 12 years and totally loved that car. When I sold it back around 2015 all I could get for it was $6.5K. How they rose on price thereafter. And yes they do rust. Mind you I bought a Giulia 1300 TI to replace the GTV and again only paid $6.5K for it back then. It too has risen in price. Mind you I also have a ‘69. Fiat AC 124 Sport which I have owned for 43 years, so I am not complaining.
My first Alfa was a secondhand 1750 Berlina which was identical to this one except for the longer wheelbase. It was the mid seventies and a mate sold it to me on the basis that all the rust had been cut out.
I came from owning and hill climbing a couple of Mini Cooper S’s and was blown away by the steering feel, the gear change, brakes and utter connection between the driver and the road of the Alfa. And that engine note! It truly was an extension of your fingers and toes.
But after a respray, rust did 🎉returned so in anger I traded it on a low mileage 1750 Alfetta. Neither car ever let me down.
Rust however started to appear and with a baby on the way and no aircon I traded in to a new 2L Giulietta which we owned for 24 years before illness forced a sale.
I live in Sydney, had excellent specialist mechanics and the Giulietta gave few worries and actually had no rust on sale. It was not that fast but it demanded, like all of my Alfas to be driven well, but rewarded one with such a great driving experience.
So that ended over 34 years of wonderful continuous Alfa ownership.
They all were special in their own way but the Berlina was my first love. I agree that the 1750 was the sweet spot in the engine lineup. Thanks for the review and the memories.
Thanks Warwick. Gratifying to hear stories like that.
Great story, thanks for sharing
I remember almost buying one of those for $10k 30 years ago but then I bought the later 116 GTV and used to fly through McCars creek road there
It certainly was a great road to drive this 105 on.
The reason why the rev counter flutters, is because the cable from the water pump drive to the gauge is worn internally. A new cable will fix the problem.
Some of Chiti's Autodelta F1 drivers would practice with this factory coupe. I don't know if the practice autos had a full array of Autodelta trick equipment.
As an American, 17:45 is the most hilarious thing I've heard from an Australian so far. I agree though I hate tesla's
Don't worry. We have plenty of white Teslas - and Tesla-haters - out here too. Although I haven't heard of coal rolling here as a 'thing' in Australia yet. Give it time. To me that's a bit like taking a dump in your neighbour's swimming pool and going "ha ha" like Nelson in the Simpsons. A bit childish. Confession: I actually like Teslas as cars. I like the way they steer and love the get up and go. Mark not so much - hence the "gawddam Teslas" remark for his benefit - as he just loves swapping cogs and the sound of a wailing flat 6 @ 9000rpm. Or even a low powered old Alfa 1750 motor. So do I actually. I want it both ways. Although even in my EV fanboy moments I think Mr Musk can be frightfully annoying, especially in his more sociopathic mood swings when he acts against the interests of his loyal customers and staff, or blow billions out of petulant pride to make some obscure point. And some of his ideas like the Yoke wheel, are simply idiotic.
Yeah it's absolutely hilarious. It made my day 😂
They were / are a lovely looking car , and quick in their day.
I was on You Tube, looking at other Alfa videos when I stumbled upon this one. I love Alfas. I love the soul of the cars. I own many Spiders, from 1971 to 1993. Yes, the 1993 S4 lost a lot of the Alfa magic, but it's a great daily driver.
I bought a 1971 GTV last year and I fell in love with it. It drives better than either the 1750 or 2000 Spider. I'm here in So Cal and I took it up Hwy 39 going toward Angeles Crest (it stopped going all the way through many years ago, but it's open much of the way). Beautiful on the twisties. Yes, it's definitely a keeper!
You gentlemen did a fantastic job describing the driving experience and what makes the GTV so special. You were also honest about the drawbacks, which there are some. As a whole package, I'm amazed at how nice a 52 year old car drives. Yes, way ahead of it's time.
Thank you
Thanks, there are some great roads in So Cal to drive your collection. We appreciate your comment and are glad you’ve found our channel
Yep do an early 1.6 litre MX5, if u can’t find a good local one you can use mine but it’s in Melb. Lots of fun to be had
New car day! Picked up first ever brand new car - hyundai i20N. Just 9 miles on the clock. Now on 658 miles. Too wet I the UK to really explore but it's doing all the things I wanted. 3 decent rear seats. Firm but just about acceptable. Good tech. Every nut and bolt is brand new with 5 years warranty Inc track days. Best surprise is the front diff. Out of corner traction way beyond expectations
Well done, you’ll love the i20N.
I hope you love your i20N. As you've owned a M3 and XK8 you're going to especially love that warranty. I remember how wet it was when I reviewed it.Torrential! It'll be right at home in the UK. Enjoy!
Great video Thankyou would love to see a mx5 review future or near future classic!
Yes a MX5 is long overdue for a review
They are still modestly priced for what they are.
The shape ages extremely well, the engine is fantastic and they are relatively low hassle to live with.
Let’s not forget that the 1750 was a direct 911 competitor back in its day.
Great Great Review! Just subscribed! Thanks guys always give up the facts, specs, impressions and if there's something out of the ordinary. Almost everyone else fails in that regard.
Thanks AMG Guy. You might our enjoy our review of the AMG SLS Black Series (that sadly has not a lot of views - beats me why!) Or the C63S or the SL55 we enjoyed last week.
I had a 1969 1750 in the late 70s here in Aotearoa New Zealand. What a treat on our scenic roads, you couldn't get the smile off my face. Traded it for a BMW 2002tiii, wish I still owned both still.
Lovely cars, the older GTVs are great. Not sure that any ICE car is a great financial investment in the next decade though. Agree that the Bora is one of Guigaro’s greatest, but always had a soft spot for the GTV’s. I also liked the mid 80s ones with their rear transaxle (but I may be a bit biased about front engine rear transaxle lol). A mate had one of these 70s GTV’s in the 80s and I always admired it. Other mates had Alfasuds - one of them bought it new and had to have rust holes cut out of while it was still under warranty! Absolutely diabolical when it came to rust.
Having owned both a 1969 Type 105 "1750 Spider Veloce" and a 1974 Type 115 "Berlina 2000" in period (both purchased new), the correct factory designation for your Type 105 coupé is "1750 GT Veloce." [The later Type 115 coupé with the 2 liter was designated as a "GT 2000 Veloce."] The Alfa Romeo factory did not use the “GTV" moniker until the introduction of the Type 118 transaxle cars. Refering to your lovely coupé as a "GTV" is a misnomer.
EVs will die off, synthetic fuels will save the ICE
Beautiful little cars. Throw in a warmed 2L twinspark, LSD and throttle body FI and they are even more fun.
Was tempted to go down that route but the 1600 has won me over. Would like more grunt but not at the expense of revs. I found the same with Minis- better a screaming 998 than a torquier 1275, whatever the speedo tells you!
open review, but really 195 section tyres on the test car spoil are a huge difference to the original size tyre and the whole feel of the car (not to mention much heavier steering at traffic speeds) and do not give an accurate assessment of the handling. The car was developed and tested by Alfa Romeo engineers on 165 section tyres on which they left the factory (without a 185 option either) and Alfas were all about a combined balance between engine, steering, suspension, brakes and tyres, not biased towards grip or power. Alfa engineers setup the car correctly and a stock car is in my opinion much better than modified cars if of course rubber bushings, shock absorbers and other proper maintenance are carried out. The 2000 GTV however despite having an inferior engine to the 1750 stock, had the advantage of the Limited slip differential to help the traction on differently cambered roads where the live axle is not ideal.
Very interesting
Auto meravigliosa. E' la prima volta che ne vedo una con il tetto apribile.
Grazie! (Translation : Wonderful car. It's the first time I've seen one with a sunroof)
In the US, the inflated prices of these Alfas has alreadt taken place....a good example often blowing thru $45K...and what does one get for that?, maybe 125HP ??. With all the 400+ HP giant SUVs crawling around...the Teslas rocketing about eating up Camaros, Mustangs & Corvettes....Also the "inflated bodies" of American physiques ( Fat & obese peoples), they honestly don't even physically fit in these cars anymore...Why do you think Americans prefer their oversized SUVs?...it's so their oversize bodies can actually fit.
Bellissima ingegneria italica
Review a Fiat 128sl
Great review
Thanks
Just like the one I had in the late 1970s.
'There's one of those god damned Teslas!' 😂 😆 😝. Sounds just like me driving one of my classics. 😂
Have you reviewed an X1/9 yet? Sublime handling and, as yet, a still affordable Italian classic. PS: nice Breitling.
I'll try to find one. Pretty rare now here
Thank you I do like Brietling watches
I wondered if Ii might have been the camera angle but the Alfa looked tiny behind that Toyota ute at the start.
No trick photography in that one at all. The Alfa was closer to camera than the ute. 210mm zoom lens.
@@inCARnationAustralia Actually I wondered if it was a 3/4 model at first! There a few Japanese made 3/4 size iconic cars arnt there? And thats just a toyota, put it beside a Ram!
What a great video with a great car
can you find a Fiat 124 coupe and do a video on it the drive might surprise you
The later 2000 cars had dellorto carbs and had smoother transition from down low and therefore even better
Well done guys don’t ever lower yourselves and start doing videos on a Tesla or any other Makita powered cars that are going to be powered on solar power and windmills 😂 😂
I’ve subscribed this is the first and looking forward to seeing many more
Oops too late i should have checked you’ve already done EV ones
Michael, I like my bread buttered on both sides! It is possible that one can appreciate both the howl of a GT3 and the immense shove of an AWD EV. Makita! ouch!
What the hell did you do to the roof?!? And why is the steering wheel on the wrong side of the car?😂😂😂😂
Wasn't the current owner! And regarding the steering wheel, easiest solution - suggest watching the video using a mirror. I suppose I could create a flipped version for US and Europe. Sorry if it's a little unsettling.
Dealer fitted option in the day webasto sunroof
@@joey243win
Retrofitted sunroofs were were pretty popular on Long Island, NY back in the early eighties but didn’t add any value to the car as they always found a way to leak.
The Bora is the most "beautiful" car ever imho. A shame they designed the rear after lunch.
Yes I know what you mean Ben. Maybe I'll go with a Merak instead. It's backside is still distinctive but better don't you think?
@@inCARnationAustralia yes and its being copied now with artura from mclaren. From memory it's the lighter funner version?
With just over 1200 Boras and Meraks made in total, little chance I'll ever get to sit in either. But yes, I was surprised to see the Merak is about 400kg lighter than a Bora. With it's 3.0 V6 motor, I guess it was more a Dino competitor and the Bora with its 4.7 V8 more a Daytona competitor. Interesting they both are on the same chassis I think - with identical external dimensions. Good observation about the Artura. Hadn't noticed that before but those buttresses at the back are very like the Merak. Thanks for your comment.
🙋♂️
Live axle in a 75??
Yes to an NA Mx5
Yes we're long overdue to review MX5s - NA NB NC
... thumbs up from me too. My Scottish GT Junior was riddled with rust, with the bottom 8" mostly fubared but we are getting there now. BTW the MX5's in this country are notorious for rusting out in tricky areas, ie high up in rear arches and many have been scrapped...
Pointless having cars of this pedigree in Australia if you can’t drive them to their full potential and no faster than 120km per hour. I love the freeway in Europe, where you can drive as fast as you like.
Only one country in Europe has such highways, and even there it's only certain sections where there's no speed limit.
@ You don’t seem to have been in Europe. I regularly drive over 200km in my native Croatia which has some of the best highways in Europe.
@@dantetomic7049 In Croatia the speed limit on the highways is 130km/h. So you definitely can't drive as fast as you like.
@@tommeiner9983 Have you actually ever been to Croatia, Germany or Italy ?. Well if you have then you would have noticed that the speed limits are recommended speed limits, recommended speed that you dont need to stick to if you wish to speed faster. As I have mentioned before, I regularly drive my car well above the speed limit here in Croatia.
@dantetomic7049 No, that's definitely not how it works. I live just north of you in Hungary, and while you won't get a ticket for doing 134 instead of 130, you still most definitely cannot as fast as you want. And the same applies to the countries you mentioned.