Hallstatt Culture DNA: What was the Genetic Makeup of the Proto-Celtic Culture of Europe?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 มิ.ย. 2024
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Hallstatt Culture DNA: What was the Genetic Makeup of the Proto-Celtic Culture of Europe?
Chapters:
0:00 The Hallstatt Culture
3:04 Hallstatt DNA & Genetics: Y-chromosome Haplogroups
5:13 Hallstatt Maternal Haplogroups
5:51 Wider Genetic Context of the Hallstatt Culture
What was the genetic makeup of the Hallstatt Culture, a proto-Celtic culture that played a significant role in the history of western and central Europe? What haplogroups and genetic markers were common amongst them, could you share some of these, and was the Hallstatt culture related to previous cultures of Europe such as the Bell Beakers?
But firstly, what exactly was the Hallstatt culture? Well it takes its name from the town of Hallstatt in modern Austria, where there was a rich salt mine and where over 1,000 burials have been found. It was a culture that existed from around 1200 - 450 BC, with its lifespan usually broken down into 4 phases, from Hallstatt A to D. It was preceded by an earlier culture of Europe known as the Urnfield culture, and it was followed by the La Tène culture, a culture associated with the ancient Celts. The Hallstatt Culture itself was strongly associated with Proto-Celtic speaking people, and it is one of the main cultures that the ancient Celts grew out of.
Now how broad was the territory of the Hallstatt culture? Well by the 6th century BC, the Hallstatt culture had expanded to include wide territories, falling into two zones, east and west, between them covering much of western and central Europe down to the Alps, and extending into northern Italy. Parts of Britain and Iberia were also included in the ultimate expansion of the culture.
Sources:
Hallstatt culture - Wikipedia
Strettweg Cult Wagon (Illustration) - World History Encyclopedia
Barry Cunliffe - The Ancient Celts (a Very Short Introduction) (Oxford University Press 2003)
Strettweg cult wagon - Wikipedia
Hallstatt | Austria, Ancient Salt Mining Village, & Map | Britannica
Gretzinger, J., Schmitt, F., Mötsch, A. et al. Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe. Nat Hum Behav (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01... Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe | Nature Human Behaviour
Haplogroup R-M269 - Wikipedia
FamilyTreeDNA Discover - Y-DNA Haplogroup R-M269
Haplogroup G2a (Y-chromosomal DNA) - Eupedia
Haplogroup G-P303 - Wikipedia
Brunel S - Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jun 9;117(23):12791-12798. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1918034117. Epub 2020 May 26. PMID: 32457149; PMCID: PMC7293694. Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history - PMC (nih.gov)
Haplogroup H (mtDNA) - Eupedia
Urnfield culture - Wikipedia
La Tène culture - Wikipedia
Map of the The Hallstatt Culture (Illustration) - World History Encyclopedia
Hallstatt Culture - World History Encyclopedia
Libation - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libation
Haplogroup G-M201 - Wikipedia
Haplogroup H (mtDNA) - Wikipedia
Creative Commons Imagery:
“LepoRello (Wikipedia)” File:Heuneburg (Diorama - Ausschnitt im Heuneburg-Museum, Hundersingen).JPG - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported | Creative Commons
Marsupium photography File:Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave reconstruction.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic license. CC BY-SA 2.5 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic | Creative Commons
Christophe.Finot File:Chatillon-sur-Seine - Musée du Pays chatillonnais - Cratère de Vix - 01 (cropped).jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported | Creative Commons
Jahelle File:Strettweger Kultwagen.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed | Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International | Creative Commons
#hallstatt #ancestry #genetics
Thanks for watching! Please let me know your thoughts below...
Im 95% Gael origin. Born on Tyneside. Im a Celt and i approve of this wonderful video. ☘️👍
According to Eupedia's DNA page the progenitors of Celtic culture and language - the Urfield Folk have a YDNA signature of R1b-U152. Very few of the Insular Celts have this particular YDNA signature, but it is more frequently found among English males. More ironically it has its highest occurence in that part of England where the Anglo-Saxons first settled. i.e. along the southern and eastern coasts. The same level of occurence can also be found in SE Scotland - from the Boarders to Tayside.
The English are not really British. Mere blow-ins. Only here for 1,500 years. They are German tourists.
Except the Urnfield Folk never encompassed all of west Europe where as the Bell Beakers did, so I encourage the Commies to revaluate their propaganda.
The Italic haplogroup and I’m R1b U-152 from Nord Italy (Alps)
Proto-Celtic culture should be differentiated from Celtic language. Celtic language is a branch of the Indo-European language tree. The spread of Celtic language aligns quite well with the spread of Y haplogroup R-M269.
It would be interesting if we know when R1b M269 came to Britain. Did it arrive with the Bell Beakers?
No it didn't R-M269 spread with the beaker folk not the celts
The Hallstatt culture has too older roots
to be relationated to indo'eur Celts. Salt extraction started in the mountains of Hallstatt 5000 years (5 millenaries) before the apparition of the firsth Celtic hordes in the region. The population of Hallstatt was rich, cultivated , and had strong links with the oldest civilisations of the Orient ( Mesopotamia, Indus, Akkad, Minoans, Mykenian Greeks, Egypte they regularly visited exchanging salt with the most precious artistic products of these civilisations.
The trick with the "PROTO" Celts ( when the
"celtitude" of a given population is uncertain) permits the celtomaniacs to supercivilize the Celts which were nothing other than rude, analphabet warriors, living from razzias and plundering, and absolutely incapable of any cultural realisation. The Celts had no towns, not even villages.They lived in the forests, slept on the ground, washed their hairs with their own urine ( an efficacious manner making the hair brillant). Their druides jealously kept their knowledge for themselves and did not transmit writing to their pupils.
It is only in the latest LaTène years that some celtic wapponmakers perfectioned the material quality and killing efficacy of iron wapons. After 300 or more years of stance in northern Italy the Galli, chased back by the Romans, did not leave a single trace of civilisation no stone constructions , no statues, no temples.The only traces they left were extended
"charniers" enclosed by barriers made of tausends of long bones of sacrificed ennemies or concurrent neighbours.
The mare of the Celts as "spiritual, nature venerating, musical Celts" originated during the 19.th century in England and France. Between Caesar's Bellum gallicum and the late XIX century , nobody was interested in the Celts.
M269 is a very old subclad of R1b. It originated during the late Neolithic period in the Pointic Stepps. Other subclads have been derived from M269. Such as U106 - progenitors of Germanic culture and language, L21 the Bell Beaker Folk and U152 - Urnfield or Hallstatt Folk - the progenitors of Celtic culture and language.
except that many R1B_U106 were part of the Bell Beaker sub group - the Barbed Wire Beaker. These people made their way into Scandinavia and mixed with the true Germanic people. There are samples of U106 in Hallstatt and La Tene. There are a lot of u106 Viking wannabes who over-simplify it as "u106=Germanic". It is more varied than that.
^ Pontic-Caspian Steppe.
So Celtic tribes would have came into the British Isles and mixed with the native population that was a mix of Bell beaker folk who mixed with the farmer folk who had mixed with the earlier Western hunter gathiers? The later Celtic arrivals would have the same genetic mix but in different proportions. I have the Celtic version of R1b.
Also known as "everyone f*ed everyone else for millenia. European history in a nutshell.
The Norwegians (Vikings) have the highest amount of Yamnaya DNA in Europe and the Scots are 5th on the list, and the Scots are effectively the high kings of Ireland mixed with the Norse Vikings.
Means we Germans have even closer relations with Great Britain than just the Saxons, even southern Germany is now linked theough the whole Halstaat Celtic bond.
I'm not convinced that the Hallstatt culture were "THE" proto-Celts. I'm more in favour of the Celts originating as a common linguistic and cultural area of the Bell Beaker peoples. The linguistic models of the divergence of many Celtic languages from Proto-Celtic are simply irreconcilable with the Hallstatt theory.
Yes, Celtic language branched off from Indo-European a very long time ago. No doubt as far back or further as the branching of Germanic and Italic. Culture suggested by archaeological finds may or may not have been associated with certain languages and DNA.
I think that the earliest European Celts that came to Britain would have encountered a very similar culture with relatively mutually intelligible languages, descended from the Beakers. Through trade, they certainly weren't isolated from each other. There had been over 2000 years of cultural diffusion from the beginning of the Beaker complex to the rise of La Tene, the language diverging into regional variations.
@@MacNab23 perhaps, but what I think is the bell beaker people were the celts.
General response to all previous responses from initial comment.
'Celtic', although I self-identify as a Celt myself, just isn't a term we can hammer down to one thing or another, is it linguistic (not entirely), is it cultural (not entirely), is it genetic (not entirely), is it time period specific (not entirely), is it geographic (not entirely). Do we exist ... well yeah, sort of ... or are we a classical author's misrepresentation of just 'not Greek or Roman'. It might explain why 'Celtic Art' often looks like an existential crisis; where did we start, where are we going, where are we now ... on your feet for 'Strip the Willow' and get the next round of drinks in ?
That's intellectually dishonest. When it comes to reality and not just arbitrary labels, DNA is the only thing we can rely on, as if there is a large concentration of specific DNA in an area, then it was actually that group of peoples. However we can't reliably say the same for pottery and burials, as there are too many 'guesses' as to what things are for. DNA is as close to objective truth as we get in these timeframes.
hi mate - great video again! the way you procounce the letter j, are you from dundee area? i worked there years ago
Thanks mate. Not from Dundee, I'm from around the Falkirk area and worked in Glasgow for years and went to uni there (Strathclyde). Cheers
H6a1b2 here - very close!
My hipotesis roots from Colin Fenfrew therory that Indoeuropean languages orgins from Anatolia and expands with the neolythic farmers.
This was the first wave of Indoeuroeans in Upper Danube region. (Non R1b DNA). Then between 3000 and 2000 BC nomadic Indoeuropean tribes migrated to Panonia (Hungary) and further East to Upper Danube in Austria and Bayern (R1b haplogrup). Mix of these two groups - First wave of neolythic Indoeuropean farmers and second wave of Indoeuropean nomads from Black Sea steppes - created the Celtic peaople/Celtic Langlages.
Also Unetice culture had some innfluence on creating Proto-Celts. But is hard to say If Unetice Culture was Proto-Celtic or not. (see "Dan Davis history" for the best introduction to Unietyce Culture).
Also non-Indoeuropean languages of Bell-Baker culture probably had some influence on Celtic languages (example VSO - verb, subjec object order)
My Y-DNA haplogroup is downstream of U-152, which arises in Northern Italy out of the R-M269 Haplogroup. My final Haplogroup is R-FT190614 of which there are only two of us currently known. It arose around 1150BC along the English Channel area.
Hello Brother R1b U-152 from the Allps 🏔️👋🏻
...is there an English version of this video 👀?
I match these Hallstatt samples.
Next video please....investigate when & how p celtic and q celtic diverged
What accent is it that you speak with?
It's a Scottish accent.
It is very interesting topic.
Yet it is very challenging way of speaking. I do havenon-dramatized problem to understand the topic through that thick almost accentuated accent (was that necessary).
We all are mere humans… can we not help each other and go to some lengths towards the others.
As non native in English, it is considerably harder to me to understand any non-standard linguos (Australian? Or Scottish? idk)
Its a quirk of genetic science but I always find it frustrating that mtDNA only passes through the maternal line after the second generation and is so limited in variety compared to Y-chromosomes. Imagine how much more we would know about female migration if that limitation was gone.
I guess that as we already can't cope with making much sense of convoluted male DNA migration it might save us from a further headache.
Y chromosomes only passes down paternally to male children. Even more limiting. But both have a lot of limitations.
@@mariiris1403 Sorry I confused my terminology, which is as close to 'I got the words wrong' as I'm probably going to admit to. Of course there is a difference between DNA and chromosomal inheritance. What I was trying to say was as all mtDNA only passes through the female line, ie male grandchildren do not inherit their paternal grandmothers mtDNA, only their maternal grandmothers, and they themselves do not pass that on to their offspring, then female genetic inheritence is lost. I hope that makes it clearer. If not please note I'm not a geneticist and my only science qualification is in Geology, which means I can probably tell you what your great grandmothers grave stone is made of, useful hey 🤷♂
@@iainmc9859 It's alright, I'm no geniticist either. I think I understand what you mean, but I think we can agree on the shortcomings of both methods. The Y chromozome will not show anything about a man's maternal grandfather either, only the direct paternal line.
😅@@iainmc9859
Can I have subtitles?
Hit the CC button
haplochromis mixed with blue cabbage and white cucumber. add a few juicy pink peaches and fruits to the cocktail. paint the colour as you wish. think you are unique ❤whatever your label is 😂❤
Okay, @CelticHistoryDecoded, I know you have an accent, but when pronouncing haplogroups, it would be REALLY helpful if you could, please, tone that down a bit. G2a you make sound like G2e. That would matter.
Also, you mistakenly said "HVo." It is NOT the letter 'o'. It is the number zero, i.e., 0, so, HV0. I know this, because this is my maternal mitochondrial haplogroup. Our moms' line ended up a county away from Stonehenge, in the person of Sylvina Crocker, alive in the 1600s or so. Otherwise, good content, and thanks for doing this.
actually, HE does not have an accent. You are on his page so HIS language and pronunciation are the correct ones, and YOU are the one having an accent, so tone that arrogance down a bit, that would matter.
@@kifi672 Bite a queef. Nobody asked you.
@@kifi672 We all have an accent, I live 10 miles away from where Celtic History Decoded was brought up and the accents different (very different). If CHD said letter o instead of number zero I'm sure he'd be the first to admit it was just a slip of the tongue; which is why in continental Europe a diagonal bar is often put through zero so it cannot be mistaken for a capital O.
I would of hated to live back then
have
@@craigperkis9593
@@craigperkis9593 Me too. As a caterpillar
But your ancestors did and they survived and thrived, because here you are.
@@robscoggins Cheers ancestors hope you had fun
I think east eurasian nomadic R1b ydna males have conquered west european lands of G2 ydna males, early european farmers.
Similarly east eurasian nomadic R1a ydna males have conquered east european lands of I2 ydna males, globular amphora culture.
That thumbnail...you know nothing John Snow!
Cule +turēt =Jānis
This compares to the parade of saints in the Catholic Church or a breeders club catalogue
You must finally be a real TH-camr, you're getting comments from the racists and the bible bashers. That's the problem with history, genetics and culture ... somebody always wants to twist it into 'We are the Chosen People', rather than 'its amazing how diverse and multi-layered we are'.
Fiction.
"Lost Tribes Of Israel".
Nonsense.
“We wuz kangz”
That's a poor opinion of our ancestors.
All the White people of Europe are Adamic man and our lineage is traced back to Noah and his three sons. The lineage before the flood goes back to our father Adam who was placed in the garden of Eden by God. All the Adamic race were wiped out in the flood and only Noah, his sons and their four wives were found perfect in the generations (genealogy)
Japheth were the first Europeans and they were replaced by our White Israelite people who were cast out of Israel as a punishment for their race mixing and idolatry circa 740BC when God had the Assyrians carry them off. Where the Israelite history ends so begins the history of the Scythians, Cymmerians, Celts, Saxons etc......
The people of Shem had been migrating to Europe before the Israelites were cast off, however, the Israelites became the great Germanic Barbarian tribes that conquered the Roman Empire and went on to overtake all of Europe.
A lot of these studies are produced to hide the true identity of the Ancient Israelite people who are today's White Christians, a people called by a new name, His Name; CHRISTIAN
R1b presents thousands of years before the 8th century BC.
@@robscoggins Adam was placed in the garden approx 5,000 BC. We can't know when the first Adamic man came from the area of Mesopotamia to Europe, however we do know that the first large migrations were after Noah's time.
We know from the Bible that the other races were present on the earth at the time Adam was formed by God and placed in the garden of Eden, however, the Bible does not go into the history of the other races as it is only to and about Adamic man. We know for example when Cain was cast out he found a wife from the other races and built a great city. Cain's sacrifice was not accepted by God, why was that ??? the answer to that will reveal to you why God said there would be eternal enmity between the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent.
Genesis 3:15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
The White Adamic race is the White Adamic race and it doesn't matter if you are in the line of Shem, Ham or Japheth. It does however make a difference when it comes to the time of Abraham as God promised Abraham that great nations would come from his seed (singular) and we know that Esau race mixed and lost both the promise and the blessing, we are also told that God hated Esau for this.
We Whites are the Chosen people.
I am sure that the first inhabitants of Europe would have been thrilled to know that their ancestors in ~100 thousands of years will be pale, racist and stupid enough to believe that the world only came to existence some 100 thousand years after they lived.
Cough cough
Hallstatt is NOT proto Celtic, but proto Germanic. The Celts were a people of the Atlantic coast not central Europe.
Then explain why Lepontic lenguage is Celtic, not germanic
Yet the biggest genius of all was R1a haplogroup. Nicola Tesla who revolutionized the whole world and the Bulgarian guy who invented the computer system. Celtics are very good at art and music.
We Celts are the chosen people.
Henry Ford made cars affordable for the common man.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone and put ailerons on planes.
Preston Watson invented those planes before the Wright brothers put men in one.
Arthur James Arnot patented the electric drill.
John Gorrie is the father of cold food storage.
@@prioritytarget7157 They all were R1a haplogroup when you do a proper research
@@Occident. You are totally wrong. The Jewish people are the chosen one and only
@@valamerkozlowski7915 The Celts are Judah.
Why do you think they produced so many kings?
The Scottish Declaration of Arbroath self-identifies the Scots as "the people of Israel" 300 years before the KJV was even produced.
There are no isles, Lords or Kings in jewland.
Isa 49:1 Listen, O isles, unto me; and hearken, ye people, from far; The LORD hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath he made mention of my name.
Jhn 10:24 Then came the Jews round about him, and said unto him, How long dost thou make us to doubt? If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly.
Jhn 10:25 Jesus answered them, I told you, and ye believed not: the works that I do in my Father's name, they bear witness of me.
Jhn 10:26 But ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep, as I said unto you.