Why did the Celts Collapse?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 พ.ค. 2024
- Why did the Celts Collapse?
The Celts were a people of mysticism, tenacity, and rich culture. Though they lacked a written language for some time, making it hard to document their lives and civilizations for future generations, we have managed to learn a fair amount about these fascinating people. How they rose to power, how they existed, and even, where they are now…
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#History #Documentary #Celts
Why did the Celts decline?
Short answer: Rome
Yes, the Celts were expanding until the rise of Rome. They moved into Cisalpine Gaul, Thrace and Asia Minor. They had raiding parties going into Greece at one time. But they were no match in the end for the more developed states and their ever improving technologies and tactics. That culminated in the invasion of Britain. The Romans went from hill fort to hill fort, built a tower, put siege equipment on it, destroyed the buildings in the fort and waited for surrender. Being brave and fierce didn’t bring victory anymore.
@Motasem The expansion was also stopped by others, Macedonians, Pergamon, Carthago but the decline, yes, Rome.
From Celtic English language came
@@gokulvasan6880 English is more German / Saxon.
@@alainmellaerts8926 Short answer: People with technology stopped them
"Collapse" is the wrong word. Same with your Viking video. It implies that they were unified, and that there was some kind of organisation that fell apart. In both cases, it would be better to say "Decline".
That's a good point
Agreed
ur right but ur really splitting hairs
@@Oneshotkill775 And ur'd be wrong. There was no 'collapse' the Celts were essentially 'assimiltated' by both the Roman and subsequent cultures, with the remnants hanging-on in the remote regions of Breton (Brittany) Wales, Kernow (Cornwall), Eire and Scotland.
.
In fact, ur the one that is 'splitting hairs' and in obvious ignorance.
It’s a better word for a title of a TH-cam video though collapse will get more clicks than saying decline
3:39 - "conquered the whole of Gaul"
Well, not entirely. One small village of indomitable Gauls still held out against the invaders. Life was not easy for the roman legionaires who garrisoned the fortified camps of Totorum, Aquarium, Laudanum and Compendium.
Shocked that no one said this before!
Lol!
underrated comment
Asterix and obelix reference! Those comics were soo good! Just cos of that I’m subbing to ye
You forgot the delirium camp ;)
My favorite thing about the celts was that their houses were circles. This may not seems that special, but due to circle packing it caused their cities to form hexagonal blocks instead of square ones. And as every person of culture knows, hexagons are the bestagons.
France = hexagon
Hexagons ARE the Bestagons
In ancient times Celtic and Italic languages were the most closely related language families in Europe. Some linguists even describe the Indo-European branch as "Italo-Celtic". It was probably one of the factors that contributed to Romance languages almost exclusively thriving in the Celtic regions of the Roman Empire.
Wow
Indo european
Very interesting and could be true actually
Why are they so different now?
edit: when did they separate so drastically?
@@TooDeepForSleep It's hard to pinpoint because we are talking about pre-history here. The European branch of Proto-Indo-European (ancestor of almost all European language) was spoken about 2500 BC. Proto-Italic and Proto-Celtic were each spoken about 1000 BC. So at some point between those two points Italo-Celtic would have been spoken. The most common culture associated with Italo-Celtic is the Tumulus Culture which existed between 1600-1200 BC in Bavaria. So they probably split around that time and then gradually evolved over time, one in Italy and the other in Central Europe. It was never a "drastic split" but more of a continuous and very gradual "drifting apart".
It's kind of similar to how Italian, Spanish, French etc. all come from Latin. So it would be much easier for a Spanish person to learn Italian than let's say Russian.
Didn't the Gauls sack Rome centuries before Julius Caesar was born? I think Rome had interacted with Celts a long time before the Gallic Wars.
Yes, by Brennus, 390 BC. "vae victis"
even alexander the great was afraid to expand west
@@tommytuomaala9087 Alexander wasn't afraid of anything, he was fearless to a fault leading to him almost dying multiple times during battles. he wanted to expand his empire as far as possible, had he not died when he did he would have started to expand west.
@@theswedishdude1 🤦♂️
@@theswedishdude1 If only he hadn't died. He might have lived longer. :p
You completely skipped the Cantabrian wars where the celtic tribes gave the Romans a lot of trouble. It took longer for the Romans to conquer this small mountain region in northern Spain than it did for Caeser to conquer all of Gaul. Agrippa was so frustrated with how the campaign went that he refused to get a Triumph for it. This area is called Asturias and went unconquered by the Visigoths and Moors. It took in Christian refugees and was the birth place of the Reconquesta. They still use some celtic words in their unique language branch.
Wow. I didn't know that. Good info. It could be a movie.
We actually studied that in history!(in spain). We were teached that there was an invasion to a castle that lasted decades from the romans and the habitants of the castle fighted so hard to survive that they even decided to die than to give up the castle. From this comes the spanish (latin)expression of "giving Numantine resistnace"@@autotransportbroker
As someone from Wales I'm particularly offended that you said Ireland and Scotland particularly kept their Celtic identitites, inferring that we did not. Of all the Celtic langauges Wales is the most widely spoken, our mythology and our culture endured in much the same way as the other two, it's just that Scotland and Ireland have a larger presence on the world stage, but Celtic culture is the backbone of Wale's identity.
Welsh culture survived the most. Notably for inducing Brythonic Culture (along with the Bretons) spreading a Breto-Welsh folklore and mythology.
England and France burrowed from Welsh literature a lot.
To testify Welsh culture. It's influence can be found in its literature in England, France, and even Germany.
Will Wales secede ? It’s similar to how Ukraine is trying to shake off Russian imperialism to protect language rights
That's quite true culturally, but Wales disappeared entirely as a political entity when Henry VIII extended the English (actually Anglosaxon) system of local government there so that "Wales" was just a number of counties like England also. This is why Wales never made it onto the national flag of the UK.
Agreed, and no mention of Cornwall
Same with Northwestern Iberia(Asturias-Cantabria-Galicia) we are all strongly Celtic & celebrate it today. Sadly in the near future we may be all that's left that preserves it as the whole UK appears to be getting replaced & indigenous culture with it. Yes it really is & at an unheard of intentional pace.
No mention of Galicia Spain and northern Portugal. Till today at festivals the play bagpipes and wear kilts.
Asturias and Cantabria too
I was looking for this comment
Galicians like to be identified as Celts. Sorry, but that doesn't make them more Celtic than the French, the central Turks or northern Italians. I believe it is today more a romantic sentiment, which was born during the Galician national awakening mid XIX century. (Rosalia De Castro). Traditions and culture as well as the language are strongly Roman and apart from some archeological findings, today there is not much more. Celtic festivals and bagpipe music doesn't make Galicia more Celtic, because it is more a modern sociological phenomenon in Galicia. Also I would argue, that some linguistic and cultural traits are even more influenced by the later moorish culture than by the very old and few tribes that once inhabited the Galician region. Celts left very little heritage visible in today's Galicia. Similar to other parts of western and Central Europe. Galicia was once Germanic (Suebi) and even moorish, but they don't like to be associated with that, do they? ... even though it is more recent in history than the Celts.
@@KrlKngMrtssn Galician placenames, archtitecture, cuisine, music, festivals, mithology, etc are as Celtic as they are in Ireland. I don't know you got to that conclusion.
@@jorgeh.r9879 None of those things matter. They are mere relics. What matters is dna.
I find it amazing that Hispania/Iberia is always just ignored when talking about the celts xD
Haha yea lol. Same with the Balkans.
In Portugal we know their presence in history classes. Like Lusitanos, Visigodos...
@@contraplano3157 that’s nice to know. That Portugal edu system includes Celtic culture & heritage. In USA everything descends from England & had better pray to Jesus or you’re nowhere.
Galicians (and Portuguese) like to be identified as Celts. Sorry, but that doesn't make them more Celtic than the French, the central Turks or northern Italians. I believe it is today more a romantic sentiment, which was born during the Galician national awakening mid XIX century. (Rosalia De Castro). Traditions and culture as well as the language are strongly Roman and apart from some archeological findings, today there is not much more. Celtic festivals and bagpipe music doesn't make Galicia more Celtic, because it is more a modern sociological phenomenon in Galicia. Also I would argue, that some linguistic and cultural traits are even more influenced by the later moorish culture than by the very old and few tribes that once inhabited the Galician region. Celts left very little heritage visible in today's Galicia. Similar to other parts of western and Central Europe. Galicia was once Germanic (Suebi) and even moorish, but they don't like to be associated with that, do they? ... even though it is more recent in history than the Celts.
I find it the most annoying because I am a galo-portuguese descendant that bears a Celtic surname. and then it gets totally ignored under the Anglosphere lol
Galicia and Asturias in Spain also consider themselves Celtic cultural strongholds
Fun fact: the classic celtic leaf shaped bronze sword was thought to have started in modern day Germany but recent historians have found (through carbon and radiometric dating) that the oldest known celtic leaf sword was found in Wales and re-examination of germanic celtic blades has found Welsh copper used in the forging process. Thus concluding that although the celtic people did not unite they were aware of other tribes and that the British Celts and germanic Celts had a well established form of trade as there have been many diamonds found that appear to have been mined in central Europe. Ok maybe not fun but still interesting
They not only traded with eachother but also with the greeks, etrucans and latins. They even imported whine!
7:42 "The Celts largely disappeared from continental Europe"
The Celts were not exterminated by the Romans or by any other civilization. They mixed with the Romans and other people. What largely disappeared were the Celtic languages, not the Celtic peoples.
Same thing
If the language and culture die, the people die. That's the oldest history lesson one can see.
Good point, aspects of culture and civilisation still persist as peoples intermingle. It's not like you start speaking a different language and suddenly you forget all your traditions and way of life. Over time even religions get written over by the conquering civilisation's own but the local flavour survives. Like pagan influences on Christianity today for example, each region with its own local flavour.
@@marcrolle4601 You can change your language and your culture and still live. The question is does the modern population of continental Europe have a large percentage of Celt DNA.
@@greywolf7577 In the grand scheme of things, dna matters not one bit. We didn't even know it existed until a few decades ago. Culture and language is what makes a people.
Genetically most Turks, for example, are still very closely related to the Greeks, much more so than they are to the Turkic peoples of Central Asia; still, because of the people's changes in culture and language, they have long since ceased to be Greeks.
1:53 "the first significant clash between the Celts and Romans came during the Gaulic wars".. this is inacurate.. the Romans and Gauls have been at each others troats for centuries: for instance the sack of Rome by the Gauls in 387BC, or Marius wars.
This
There are plenty of inaccuracies i this video. I still liked it. But still
Agreed. Can’t believe they got this wrong
@@vrbe3694 He faced a mixed Celtic-Germanic coalition. Boiorix was a Celtic king.
@@vrbe3694 He did, but the Cimbri who seem to have been the leaders of the "crusade" were Celts, and their route notably took them to every corner of Celtic Europe before they were destroyed. German tribes were frequently confederates of the Celts before they were confederates of the Romans and Huns.
P.S. Interestingly, there was supposed to be a remnant of the Cimbri/Teutone survivors who settled northeast of Lake Garda, who still spoke a Celtic language right up until the 20th century.
its really nice to see my peoples culture talked about there was a fair bit of mistakes in this video but thank you for making it and please do make more videos on my people
It would have been interesting if you also showed a map of its archaeological legacy outside the British Isles and the recovered languages, as well as Celtiberian and Galician-Lusitanian
This "isles" term you use should not be used to refer to Ireland, not even geographically, as Ireland is Irish, even the North is at most northern Irish.
good to know
Absolutely, you have many cultural traits in Galicia in North-west Spain. Many there also have the straight black hair, very pale faces that seem to be quite Celtic features.
It in all of Western Europe but only in those males who have haplogroup R1b who descend from the ancient Yamnayas because some Scottish clans had the Semitic haplogroup J, the Neolithic I, North African E or the Slavic R1a
@John C northern Ireland was colonised by ulster scots not exclusively celtic Irish.
Thays what they've been fighting over fir the last 400 years.
The "somehow" that the Romans beat Boudicca's rebellion is the same "somehow" they beat most of their other enemies, superior military tactics and unparalleled cohesion. It was always their greatest strength, until it wasn't.
It was until rome couldn't recover their armies. They could always recover easily comapred to other enemies
The story of the Celts is truly a tragic one. But you can't solely blame their decline on foreign enemies (like the Romans, Greeks, and Carthaginians). Their decline is just as much their own fault, as they refused, in most cases, to unite against these foreign threats. This enabled their conquerors, mostly the Romans, to take them apart, piece by piece. Only the war for Gaul, and the rebellion by Boudicca, represent actual cases where Celtic peoples unified against conquest. But in both cases, it was pretty much too late to make a difference.
What happened to the Celts is a lot like what happened to Native Americans, in the 18th/19th Centuries. They did not unify well, against a common, powerful enemy, except in certain extreme cases. And by then, it was generally too late.
@@Zeerich-yx9po The fact that they finally did unite, in Gaul, is a sign that they could have united against Rome a lot sooner.
But they chose not to. Because they refused to take Rome seriously, and never imagined Rome so powerful as to dominate all of Western Europe. If they had united into a proper imperial power around the time that Rome was tied up with their war against Carthage, they would have probably done a lot of damage that would have hampered Rome's growth.
They did not. They could have, but they chose to ignore the Roman problem until Julius Caesar attacked Gaul. By then it was too late. If the Celts could unite in Gaul, they could have united a lot sooner. But they chose not to, because they underestimated the power of Rome. That's all that I'm saying.
@@Zeerich-yx9po Granted, that's a good point.
But the Celtics would not have been pushed to the brink, like they were, if they had only worked together sooner. Sure, the Romans would have kept coming after them, but it would not have been a complete walkover, like it turned out to be. Just like the United States would look a lot different today, if Native Americans had banded together a lot sooner, Europe would be different as well, from the standpoint of bloodlines, if the Celts didn't all just try to go their own way. FRANCE would be a primarily Celtic state, the same as Ireland! Think about how weird that seems, but at one point, it could have been a reality! Think about how history would have been altered, if things turned out that way!!
Also, there's a good chance the Roman influence on Europe would have been kept to a smaller size, if the Celts had presented a bigger obstacle to the Romans. Remember that the Germanic tribes of Central Europe are the ones who wound up holding up quite well against the Roman war machine. And the Germanic tribes were really not all that much more advanced than the Celts were, at their peak. And ultimately, it was a Germanic Hun, named Attila, who sacked Rome, and brought the entire western half of the empire crashing to its' knees. If the Huns could do it, there's no reason to think the Celts couldn't. They just allowed themselves to be picked apart early on, and that wound up killing them.
Yes the Romans benefited from the non-unification of the Celts but did not always have it Rome's way. For example Hadrian's Wall was a massive military response forced upon them.
@@ronniemcdonald2220 Extending their empire to the British Isles was a massive mistake. There was no need for them to settle on the Isle of Briton. They could have left that entire place to the Celts, and would have been just fine, because they would have at least controlled the Channel. Hadrian's Wall is just a classic example of expenses that could have gone elsewhere, if they didn't have the British headache foisted upon them.
What eventually becomes England was just a massive military/economic drain on Rome, that did nothing to help them against the Goths, or the Huns, in the East. There was never any need to settle there. But England was literally an "ego trip" by one of the Roman Emperors, who wanted to be remembered for conquering SOMETHING, after he was gone. What he accomplished actually did nothing for Rome, and may have actually hastened Rome's collapse in the end.
Pontiac, Tecumseh, Sitting Bull/Crazy Horse being among the more notable attempts at unifying among Native Americans...
Thanks. I am learning a lot from your videos. 😍👍
387BC the Celts defeated and sacked Rome. They even pulled the Senators beards and demanded gold payments to depart. Celts biggest problem appears to be lack of unity. Hadfields and McCoys in the American Appalachian mountains is the modern version of how they've been for thousands of years. I have their blood and know those divisions😬
What happened to the Celts?
Not much we just chilling
@lawrence rummerfield Centuries of rule by the English
@lawrence rummerfield many of us do speak it
Celts? We're Yanks, Aussies, Canadian- we speak English now
We Celts haven't gone anywhere, here's to another 3000 years! Onen Hag Oll!
Shame
@@chickeninyeezes3759 doubtful, we are everywhere, quite a Few Celtic towns in countries around the world.
Multiethnic/multiculturalism is the last nail in the coffin for you. No immigrant is going to want to learn celtic.
@@Northern85Star well... you're wrong based on the fact that I had a Lecturer in College who was an immigrant from India and she Embraced and integrated into Welsh Culture, she even learned to speak the language fluently...
@@xLionsxxSmithyx Doesnt matter. 99% wont do it, and you are becoming an ethnic minority like everyone else native to western europe. RIP.
Hi There! It was a great video.That is because,it went into details to discuss the overall celts history and culture and its impact on subsequent time.Scotland,Ireland and rest of the UK as well as France share history because of celts culture.
Thanks.
I love the Celts. One of the most fascinating people to ever exist. They didn't really collapse or decline but just intermarried and blended into other European cultural groups such as England which has a strong Celtic hybrid culture mixed with Saxon, Viking and Norman influences. ( The same case in France and the rest of Europe.) The Celtic Countries ( Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Cornwall etc ) have thrived strongly to this day. I am sure most Europeans today have some Celtic DNA in their family tree. As a Zimbabwean, I have been honoured to find many Celtic ( from Scotland and Ireland ) ancestors in my family tree from the UK.
Yma o Hyd!
We’re still here 😉✌️
@@TheAwillz 💯%💯👌😎👍👍
As an Englishman, I did a dna test recently, and I am entirely Northern European, Scottish, Welsh, English, Norwegian etc. and yes quite a decent chunk of my dna is Scottish which is fascinating because I do not have any direct Scottish family members
@@TheAwillz yes we are
@@ahmetkirdag4489 I’m English
Brennus and his Senones sacked Rome in 390 BC. Some might consider that an earlier confrontation than the Gallic Wars.
Sure. They fought even before with the etruscans in Northern Italy, in pianura padana, where the Italian celtic tribes established previously there was etruscan colonies sometime. The italic powers and the celts fought for centuries.
Battle of the Allia, Gaulish celts sack Rome
Brennus is an absolute legend, after a crushing victory over romans he smashed macedonians and greeks too, but in the end died cause of wounds in a battle with greeks, without him, celts were repulsed by greeks. But fuck, no matter that they loosed later, they still won agaist legioners and phalanx (!) having an army of peaseants without armor, without tactics, without normal weapons and this is something really phenomenal.
The Celts haven't collapsed! We're still here! In Ireland, and Wales, and Scotland!!!😁
And America 😉
@@valhalla9688 Of course!!!!👍👍👍😁
Good to know
@@brianmsahin i like celtic culture
Still here 💪
Love this channel!
Great video. Thanks
Very educating. Thank you very much for sharing.
When the channels I'm subscribed to talk about celtic culture
**happi welsh noises!**
By "happy Welsh noises" do you mean: llllllllll tttthhhhh dddddd?😂
No shade. As a native English speaker and someone who speaks Xhosa fluently, I can pronounce the latter two via my English and the first with my Xhosa. In Xhosa we write ll as hl.
Words like: hlukuhla (shake), isihlahla (wrist), hleka (laugh) and hlala (sit) all have the ll (hl) sound. It's very common.
Said "English squire" :p
*Username checks out*
Happy britain noises too
yet you're called english squire
Wow great vid!
Great video 👍
And also the celts were the first to sack Rome
Are the Goths lumped in with the Celts?
@@Spongebrain97 The Celts sacked Rome several hundred years before the Goths even appeared in history. Study the subject a bit before commenting; you avoid looking silly,
@@richardirvine1997 Well thats why I was asking a question son. You act like I told the OP they were wrong lmao
@@Spongebrain97 Back when Rome was still a relatively small republic around the 300s BC, it was sacked by a celtic tribe. This gave the celts a bad stigma to a degree, amongst the romans for centuries to come and was partially used as an excuse for Caesar's invasion of Gaul.
@@richardirvine1997 you look silly and edgy, sit down boi.
I remember the writings of one Roman (I forget who) who basically said that the Celts lacked any real strategy when they attacked and would rely on their numbers and ferocity to win battles. The Roman strategy was to stand firm and let the Celts burn themselves out, then counterattack.
The current Celtic nations are as much Celtic as the Italians are Roman.... perpetuating an old language and appreciating old art doesn't mean the culture has survived, that means part of the culture survived, but the culture as a whole has been long gone. People feeling emotionally and romantically nostalgic to the past do not equate to an old culture persisting to the modern times.
So basically, Celts fought amongst themselves and collapsed instead of banding together. Imagine that. Stronger nations always take advantage of others quarreling. Vercingetorix realized that way too late. He may have been the the only one with some sense.
Not really surprising really humans fight amongst themselves way too much so far always have and back then villages hated other villages cos their superiors chose hate and power over getting along and before that it was just primal caveman dumbness to protect their tiny tribe. Then other villages and countries took advantage of it when they heard but it was already over when things got too far they just got finished off after they slaughtered countless from each side.
Liberty dies to slave hordes
Julius Caesar recorded a case that two Celtic tribes he was facing on battlefield started to fight between themselves.
@@FlyingMonkies325 Reading your comment, even in my head, makes me wanna take a breath. Man, use commas, please.
Same thing with illyrians, they never brcame allies to eachother every city was carrying for themselves, if the illyrians were unified, the roman empire history whould be totally different.
As usual, great video Knowledgia. Looking forward for more :D
Disappointingly inaccurate and uninformative.
See other comments
@Matthew Suciu other comments by other people on this video.
@Matthew Suciu Dude I know it has nothing to do with But Anatolian Turks and Turks in Central Asia are ethnically Turkish, but the only difference between them is that their cousins are different races, right?
@@bossofbosporus7624 Dude I know it has nothing to do with But Anatolian Turks and Turks in Central Asia are ethnically Turkish, but the only difference between them is that their cousins are different races, right?
"For some reason, the Romans won" (against Boudica). I'm sure you know many reasons why they won even though they were outnumbered. Better organisation, militarily and economically, better tactics and strategies, and the most important, ruthless in their actions.
And also the fact boudica was basically useless as a military general.
@@mappingshaman5280100% right my friend. Even referring to her as a "general" is also not productive. Warlord or Tribal Leader is closer to her status. She had the bare bones idea for plans on how to attack, just "blah, roll over them with our numbers. Blah, revenge. Blah, wipe out every Roman." I understand the reason for her rebellion (its horrible and many can empathise with) and I can concede she did give the Romans a run for their money (for a time), but it's so wrong to elate her to goddess status simply because muh feminism is the "soup de jour" of modern morality/modern social ethics.
🏴 Ha!
Also , boudica is probably a roman invention. Cassius dio simply could not have seen her and since it happened all the time with Roman writers you kinda have to admit that nobody else on the British isles mention her nor any other roman officials and that Cassius description fits the female representation of provinces. Since it was a popular uprising emerging from illiterate tribes it's very likely that Cassius simply invented boudica and based her character on the said province female representation already known to Roman urban dwellers who would read the story. ( roman provinces were depicted as women on different texts and sculptures, a very impressive collection of elaborate scenes inspired by the provinces mythology survived the ages in Greece )
@@Sharktankgaming Contrast that to the success of the Lusitanian leader Viriathus with a much smaller force than Boudica had.He initiated his campaign after the Roman massacre of the Lusitanians and had multiple victories against larger Roman forces but was ultimately murdered by 3 traitors within his ranks.
My mother's people came from Breton, Brittany France and I'm proud of that heritage and ancestry,also knowing I'm a Celtic as well!💙
breton? ;) that makes two of us
@@JeMeSouvienPu Bretton region of France,today's Brittany France.🙂
Gauls were celtics as well.
Please consider adding to this a study of Galicia in northwestern Spain. As mentioned elsewhere in the comments, they do wear kilts and play a lowland-type bagpipe. But the people of the country-side also live much as they always have, with village chieftains and traditional political order. Their trad music is a bit more melodically oriented than the march-like rhythms of the Scots and dance patterns (jigs and reels) of the Irish. But still very Celtic sounding. They also use a drum very like the bodhran. A lovely, generous people!
Have in mind that back in the day, sailing along the coast was way more safer than traveling across the land. That could explain connection between Gallicia/Asturias - Brittany - Cornwall - Wales - Ireland - Isle of Man - West Scotland
Saying 276,000 people speak Gaelic as a first language isn’t really true. That’s just people that live in gaeltachts ( Irish speaking areas ) and only about 20% of people living here use Gaelic on a daily basis
@Rusty Shackleford well in scotland theres only one school in glasgow that speaks gaelic as first language, there will be a lot more up north but im unsure as im no fae there lol pretty damn sad if i do say so myself, id love to speak scottish well even irish wouldnt go a miss.
Welsh is actually in a much healthier position than Irish and is on target to get 1 million speakers by 2050.
@@itzskizzyk5472 Question 1: how close are Irish and Scottish Gaelic? Question 2: is there any overlap of Gaelic and Welsh? Question 3: are there any speakers of Cornish anywhere, or has the language disappeared?
@@riazhassan6570 1. very similar 2. unsure ive never studied either language 3. im not cornish nor english so i could not tell you, im scottish. you will need to ask an english person
@@riazhassan6570 Scottish Gaelic came from Ireland and is very close to Ulster Gaelic. Manx similarly came from Ireland. These are all 'Q' celtic languages. Welsh, Cornish and Breton are 'P' celtic languages, descended from the language of the pre-Roman Britons. When the Anglo-Saxons invaded and pushed the Britons westward, some crossed over to Brittany and the Bretons are their descendants. Cornish died out as a native language in the 18th century but has been revived and is known by a few hundred people in Cornwall, where it can be learnt in some schools. Manx also died out as native language in the 20th century but is kept alive by enthusiasts who learn it.
We Celts haven't gone anywhere. The irish, scottish, manx, welsh, cornish, and Bretons are all Celtic
Let's be honest here, the modern "Celts" have much, much more in common with Anglo Saxons then they do with their ancient ancestors.
The Gallo-Romans became the French. The Franks only replaced the top layer of society.
What? The English are more Celtic than the Irish, Scottish and Welsh
I bet you don't use a Celtic language as your first one
@@mk9650 Cé mhéad ba mhaith leat geall a dhéanamh?
I like the documentary its very help historical!!
Thank you!
How can you do a video about the "Celtic decline" and not mention the large influxes of Germanic tribes that caused even more displacement was almost the nail in the coffin.
I don’t think it was displacement. I think they all just intermarried and carried on.
@@rns7426 Realistically although some intermarriages would of went on, there was also large misplacement, the evidence for this is the creation of states such as Brittany in France and Britonia in Spain, saying they just "carried on" makes no sense.
Sure it does.
The old viewpoint of genocide and displacement has never had any evidence to back it up. It was an assumption based on no evidence. The people were more similar than different.
Even modern dna pretty much show populations were absorbed. They didn’t disappear.
@@rns7426 Your not reading my answers properly, there is evidence for conflict within these events from historical texts and the replacement of language, do you think nobles would give up their position in society easily, not to mention the creation of kingdoms such as Britany which you ignored from my previous answer. My issue was when you said "they just carried on", intermarriages most likely were not without giving up of language, culture, history and traditions and I doubt the "brides" and their families would of had a great degree of choice from the new invaders, so it wasn't as if nothing would of happened. As for genocide during invasions such as the Anglo Saxon migration to Britain we have lots of evidence to back up conflict between the Romano-Britons and the Germanic invaders, but what your definition of a genocide actually is, you'll have to be more specific, but to say there was no conflict is a very vague and black and white belief.
@@finngregory3599 I never stated no conflict.
I am suggesting there was more absorption over time than there was genocide or huge displacement in the British isles.
Once again there has always been more similarities than differences.
Not really an argument here. Just disagreeing with older theories that many adhered to for decades that haven’t really produced hard evidence for the over arching theme of invasion and genocide.
Certainly there was conflict.
You have to consider Celtic and Germanic tribes have never acted as one but as individual entities.
It’s not hard to imagine some where in conflict while others were in league.
The Celtic Holocaust, by Dan Carlin.
Best audio on this subject I’ve come across, yet.
Thanks! (I'm part Irish and Scots-Irish). Please do one on the Druids one of these days.
Consider studying the "Celtic from the West Hypothesis". The Celts wouldn't have migrated to Britain and Ireland "just before" Roman invasion, but rather would've continuously developed already along the Atlantic Basin ever since Indo-Europeans contacted those areas.
Why don´t you mention Northwestern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria) and Northern Portugal (Minho, Trás-Montes) they also have bag-pipes. Also, similar landscape too
Celts came from basque
Bagpipes originated in Persia, and Romans brought them to Europe.
@@vgjl1824 that is just not true
Representing Breton culture here and proud of it. You're right, we're still consider ourselves close to other Celtic cultures. That's the good thing of being from a multiethnic and multiorigins culture, we're open minded towards others groups. Also you're totally right about us fighting each other hard, we still do it as of today but always in a fair spirit toward each other ;)
Si los pueblos Mediterráneos,Roma y Grecia no les enseñan a escribir a estos Bretones ,Sajones,Hermanos,Escandinavos etc.no nos estaríamos comunicando,estarían aún con pieles a los hombros....
Here are some similarities between Indian languages and Irish:
Bhailé (town, pronounced as Baalya) : Palya (town in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil)
Cuna (high quality or elegant) : Guna (Quality in Tamil, Kannada and most Indian languages)
Bia (food) : Bua (Food in Telugu)
Faiché (green or lawn, refer to the Irishname of St. Stephen's Green) : Pache (Green in Tamil Malayalam, Kodava, Telugu and Old Kannada)
Dubh (Black, dark or shady) : Dhabba (stain in Hindi)
Mc or Mac (son or Child) : Maga, Makkala/Makka/Makkalu (son or children in most South Indian languages.
Innui (today) : Indhu/Inru (today in Kannada/ Tamil)
Suaite (Mischief) : Cheshte/Settai (Mischief in Kannada/Tamil)
Śeomra (Room) : Kamra (room in Hindi)
Ranga (hall) : Ranga (hall in Kannada), Arangam in Tamil means the same
Thalamh (ground) : (Thal means ground in Classical Hindi. Army is called Thal sena). Talam in Tamil means base.
Cos (leg) : Kaalu/ Kaal( leg in Kannada/ Tamil)
Ti ne (fire) : Thee in Tamil
Cothu (nutrition) : Sathu in Tamil
Dia (God) : Deva in most Indian languages.
Taighde (research) : Thedu in Tamil means search
Kil (Shrine) : Koil in Tamil
and many more!
Strange. I read the word Celt was an 18th century borrowing from French which ultimately comes from the medieval Latin word for 'chisel'....
Celt come from the Greek name Keltoi for the people north of the Danube.
It predates Latin
It's a mystery and a miracle how the Basque culture and language managed to survive yet the continental celtic culture and languages didn't
Because they were the only ones who join the romans in the beginning (tipical basque strategy) and when you are the only one alive, it is time to say everybody that you are super strong, and that is why you survived. But the reality is that they were smarter. That is why their language survived, but there is nearly no battles known in basque territory or even involving basque people. The famous basque warriors are always in the lines of the strongest civilization at the time.
All that northern coast of Spain is quite mountainous and inhospitable relative to the fertile lands to the south. They were probably left alone.
Most basque are French but they have strong DNA and regional identity.
@@victorg8924 basques are the perfect example of the phrase: "if you can't fight them, joint them".
Got some knowledge about the world thanx mate
I mean Celts really aren't gone. Not only are the Celtic nations (Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Cornwall, Britanny, and Galicia) Celtic, but England itself is indisputably genetically Celtic. More than this, even northern and central France are still majority Celtic based off limited genetic studies allowed, and there is a massive Celtic diaspora in the "Anglosphere" with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada all completely Celtic, and the USA boasting a huge Celtic population. The truth is we Celts still number in the hundreds of millions, and spread across the entire globe. It is not the Celtic people that have been lost, but rather our culture. I do hope one day we can regain our lost cultures, reviving cultures and languages like Welsh, Breton, and Irish.
I'm of Pictish descent, from Nechtan Morbet I believe. Caledonians and Pictish (Pict or Picti being a roman insult) are thought as the ones who came before us, living in the northernmost part of Scotland. It's interesting to see how the Celtic side of things came to be, and how things carried down over time.
The northern 'Picts' at least seem to have been called after the Verturiones tribe. The Anglo-Saxons called them Werteras and their territory is often referred to as the kingdom of Fortriu. Fortriu/Werteras/Verturiones all having common origin in whatever the original name was.The southerners may have been grouped around the Maeatae (Miathi) tribe. I agree that the term Pict is not helpful. I suspect the Romans started referring to the people north of the Clyde-Forth line as Picts after the last invasion in 210 which was the last time the Romans attempted to invade further north. They washed their hands of everything north and fell back into using memes to refer to the people there.
_". . . the first significant clash between the cultures of Rome and the Celtics came in the form of the Gallic Wars. These conflicts began in the year 58 BC and ended in 50 BC."_
Not true. The Celts actually sacked Rome in 387 BC after utterly defeating the Roman army at the Battle of Allia! The Celts only agreed to leave Rome when they were paid a ransom of gold weighing over 1000 pounds.
Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, minimeque ad eos mercatores saepe commeant atque ea quae ad effeminandos animos pertinent important, proximique sunt Germanis, qui trans Rhenum incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt.
@@chiisuigintou I'm not sure what your point is C.S. I was commenting on the video's erroneous claim that the first encounter between the Celts (Gauls) and Rome took place in 58 BC when the actual first encounter took place in 387 BC. You are using a snippet from Julius Caesar's _Gallic War_ (written after 58 BC but referencing when he, Caesar fought them.)
For those wondering what the Latin quote says: _"Of all these the Belgians are the bravest, because they live far away from culture and civilization, because they seldom see merchants who import things that weaken the soul, and because they are close to the Germans, who live over the Rhine and with whom they are constantly at war."_
Don't forget how the Gaulish leader Brennus pulled one of the nastiest flexes in history. They were negotiating over how much ransom the Romans would have to pay to get rid of the Gauls. Romans complained about unfair weights on the scale. Brennus put his sword onto the scale and said, *vae victis*. (Meaning "woe to the vanquished", or in more modern terms, "yer fucked")
A Uralich tribe broke away from the main group that settled around the Baltic Sea and settled in Bavaria. But that is just in one region that was once considered to be a Celtic heartland.
I enjoyed your video! Although I think Boudica may have been outraged at her name being pronounced Boo-dik-a instead of Boo-duh-kuh
I love this video..
I'm muslims.. but I love the history of cristians, rommans.. crusaders... Just love them
@Alan Collins Yes you are correct but I think he didn’t mean to say that celts were Christian. He meant he loved European history as a whole.
I also love middle eastern history. Uruk, Israel, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, Islamic golden age you name it
@@IbadKM Exactly..
@Alan Collins Christians were in Europe way before Constantine, he just saw that they were now as almost as big as the Hellenic and accepted them, secondly, the Celtic religion was full of mysticism, head-hunting cannibalism, ritual sacrifices of people and things like that, also animism.
Sa' alam brother Ali. I think the study of history can be a cultural bridge. Nice.
Waiting for the series on German and Italian War of Unification 👍👍
Love Germany so much 🇾🇪❤️🇩🇪
Respect Italy from Yemen 🇾🇪🤝🇮🇹
@@hackedbyusa8819 I also love germany ❤ it's history is very interesting and fascinating
@@anglowarrior7970 when they stop living in mud huts they ruin Europe with every chance they had
@@giannarosize I doesn't like that part of history I love roman and macedonian empire and its successor states history in antiquity
@@giannarosize nah they just tried to go for a "total domination" as france and the uk did before them (and the usa, russia and china after them), like evry other major power
The author doesn’t speak about Galicians. It’s also a Celtic culture. As a french Breton, I’m feeling sorry for not speaking a single word of the language but France did a good work of trying to erase the culture and language so it’s only a very people trying to revive it
Celts also remain in northwestern Spain, known as “gallegos” although they speak a Portuguese dialect not related to Gaelic.
The Portuguese language originated in Galicia
Everyone who live in a Celtic area must be taught in a Celtic language in their schools, its important that we don't let an entire branch of the Indo-European Languages die out...
Agreed
@@ryanhughes6405 Cornwall is integrated into England although they are Celtic through and through and see themselves as a nation within a nation
@@samueljesse2179 cool fact
@@samueljesse2179 Interesting that Cornwall barely gets mentioned in this video and yet the language is enjoying a resurgence and the Celtic cultural icons are still prevalent throughout Cornwall.
@@simoncoish2661 keep dreaming simon
You mean declined. They were never a unified empire so they never collapsed
Agrees, they were many tribes, like the Eburonion tribe, who fought these Romans and gave Julius Caesar a great defeat.,.
Julius caesar later told.,.
(Btw, Galia Belgica, or the region named Belgae, nowadays Belgium was home to several tribes)
Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, minimeque ad eos mercatores saepe commeant atque ea quae ad effeminandos animos pertinent important, proximique sunt Germanis, qui trans Rhenum incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt.
Ullans has also been recognised since the early 2010's aside from that omission and some unusual pronunciations good video.
Fun fact: in keeping celtic traditions alive, people still sometimes fight naked in Ireland.
It's not as common for obvious reasons but maby like 6 or 7 times a year you could see two naked guys fighting on the streets
Lol!
Celts, your culture is really great, I hope, you will save it for the future generations
Hey, do you think you could do a video on the Dane/Norse invasion of England lead by the sons of Ragnar and Jarl Guthrum and his summer army? That is a very intense and inspiring time period.
I'm Scottish and it bracks my heart to hear alot of this
I think we should view our Celtic ancestry as a group of tribes, much like it was within Ireland itself before they united against the English. It was never an empire or nation and generally more tribal in nature. It doesn't change anything though, we all remain very proud of our origins.
I believe that the Asturius region of Spain also has some remaining Celtic heritage and language. They're sometimes included and at other times not, for some reason. It would have been nice to hear what happened to Celts in other areas such as Turkey. Everyone knows about the Gauls and Boudicca, but the history of the Celts in Spain, Turkey and central Europe is almost never discussed.
Can you do a video about the Emirate of Sicily, please?
Really glossed over Galicia in Spain and their Celtic-Romance language
But Celtic came first 🤔🤔🤔
@@KrlKngMrtssn spain is a mix of almost every culture of mediterean
@@Zeerich-yx9po true
@@KrlKngMrtssn I suspect you´re right but Galicians do have a Celtic link and feel it in their bones. Their country is not like Spain. Neither is their music or culture and above all they are a stubborn people who are impossible to tame. Interesting that two people as far apart ideologically as Franco and Fidel Castro were Galicians. BTW so was my father-in-law, a Brazilian gallego. This is the Celtic trait. Be the same but be completely different at the same time.
Their language isn't celtic
Great video. Just letting you know the term "British isles" isn't accepted in Ireland. It's intertwined with centuries of politics despite it meant to being a geographical term.
What do they call them in Ireland?
@@uuutuuube3691 bri'ish isles
@@uuutuuube3691 we just say, Ireland & Britain, if we have to mention both Islands
@@lester4506 no we don’t. Never. Not used or recognised by Irish government either.
@@murpho999
But used by just about everybody else.
The Celts were in Great Britain and Ireland (and as far north as Iceland. Doubtless continental Celts did migrate to GB, but they’d been trading and intermarrying between tribes for thousands of years. The Celts were the so-called Ancient Britons. I refer you to the books of the eminent Cambridge professor, Barry Cunliffe.
In my village in Ukraine, Carpathian mountain, they play an instrument similar to the bagpipe and many red haired people in Wrstern Ukraine
@@buddyrojek9417 Are not those red haired people in Ukraine are descendants of the Kievan-Rus? Those were viking tribe, they founded Kiev. That was almost a thousand years after the Celts.
@@otapi i am in the Western region, they say the celtic genetics extended this far East
The Celts failed for one simple reason. They were not united in their politics, militaries or actions. Caesar did not face the full might of the Celts until right up to the end. Vercingetorix tried to unite the Celts under one banner, but it was too little too late at that point.
There is a lesson here to learn in these hyper partisan political times in the US. "A house divided cannot stand", especially against a near peer opponent that is united.
The Celts lack of unity doomed them
Read the book by Peter Berrisford Ellis. One of the best histories of the Celtic tribes ever written.
Being a celt myself. I feel very proud watching and knowing this.
Phew "i'm a celt" is probably stretching it a bit too much. You're as much a Celt as you're a Roman or a Greek. All these ancient cultures have influenced our very own civilization that yet is a very distinct thing. The stories you hear (and see - it's the age of movies!), the foodstuffs you eat, the clothes you wear, the values you hold, the implements you use, the kind of work you do… where's that Celtic? If you're living in a liberal democracy like (almost) anywhere in Western or Central Europe, Northern America, and large parts of East Asia - then that's the basket future historians will put you in.
it's hard to be the first, impossible to be the last
Nice to know that the languages are spoken till date and traditions alive.
True. A good number of Scottish towns further south and (as far as I'm aware) the Western Isles still hold to their culture. I know that Scots Gaelic is spoken natively further west, and currently I'm learning it up in the north. The culture and language will live for as long as there are people willing to keep it going.
@@camerondon3712 we still speak welsh here in wales. But the English want it gone, like they always have.
@@bassmasta93 That isn't true. There was no banning of language
@@mitchamcommonfair9543 it is true, the English always moan and complain about welsh road signs, and I’m pretty sure it was discussed to potentially remove them to keep the English happy.
The English used to beat it out of welsh children back in the day, my great grandparents would be hit with the cane if the teacher heard them speak welsh.
It was Litterally beaten out of children.
@@bassmasta93
Welsh teachers would do that. But then I expect there is always someone else to blame eh?
In the salary cap era, some contracts were huge, the arena maintenance costs, Massachusetts is a progressive tax state…so many reasons
this video reminded me a new season of Britannia just came out cheers
The Celts are one of those groups that I know there’s a big cultural mystique about, but I really know very little about them. I could definitely stand to learn more.
Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you friends. :)
Mística ... Los celtas fueron combatidos especialmente por los romanos por sus sacrificios humanos. Que estaban prohibidos en Roma .
Back at ya buddy
There's a lot of holes in the knowledge in this video. He doesn't mention Celt Iberians, where many of the Irish and British Celts came from. He doesn't mention the uniting Celtic tribes that fought the Romans and even sacked Rome before the Galic wars, some of which were given lands and settled in northern Italy. He doesn't mention the uniting Celtic tribes that stopped the expansion of Rome into northern Britain and therefore also into Ireland. His understanding of the types of 'celtic' languages is very basic.
The Picts of Scotland were not Celts they wrote their language on hieroglyphs on standing stones most Scots have the Russia steppe gene from our Pictish ancestors as Irish, welsh and English don't have the gene our ancestors were the Scythians who also wrote their language in hieroglyphs ... the Celts originated from the Iberian Peninsular our Celtic blood comes from the Dal Riatans of Ireland who settled in North West Scotland www.scotsman.com/news/politics/genetics-show-many-scots-are-descended-russian-nomads-1463717 ...
Dear heaven, holes is not the word. Did he get the info out of a school book.
No mention of Caesar's two landings in Britain nor Hadrian's wall....
Good Vídeo
Amazing documentary, thanks God
I love learning about the Celts! I am most likely part Celtic (my mum’s family is Irish) so it’s like I’m learning a little piece of my own family’s history
Maybe if you're French. French are more celtic than the Irish
I’m not sure how accurate that is. Brittany the only part of France with a strong Celtic background. That’s not to say there is no one of Celtic decent in the rest of France, I think other cultures such as the Germanic Franks and the Romans are more dominant culturally than the Celts. I could be mistaken of course, I am no expert on French genealogy or history.
@@Takayama-sama I'm just going by recent genetic discoveries. Linguistic transfer does not equal genetic transfer.
@@blanketparty5259 widely debunked.
@@savodoom3175 Not at all, you clearly havent done genetic research
Battle of Alesia wasn't that much "too little to late" - it was just as much the effect of the Ceasars Genius. I mean, they have walls and we cannot get them? Lets build our own walls, so that they cannot pierce through our siege. Oh, they asked reinforcements to break the encirclement? Lets build another set of walls so that they can not break the siege from outside.
Battle of Alesia is one of the most iconic ones in history. It shows the extreme boldness of Ceasar.
The Triskele symbol you used in this video to represent the celts in Ireland and Britain isn't a Celtic symbol. Its predates them by 1000s of years. It was a symbol carved into Newgrange by the Neolithic people who almost completely disappeared in Ireland with the arrival of the bronze age people.
@@BeautifulGreen252 That's true but technically us Irish while we speak a celtic language we have very little "celtic" dna. The bell beaker people who arrived here during the bronze age make up the bulk. The geals who be a better name for us.
Not true. It's most importantly a European symbol, but it became Celtic over time because that's what the descendants of said Neolithic farmers became and still are.
@@spcm6781 There isn't really any Celtic DNA unless you're trying to say swiss or Austrian. Celtic just means European descended (mainly Atlantic and central) and either speaks or spoke a Celtic language, or practiced or practices some sott of Celtic culture.
@@douglas_fir Yes I agree that's why I said "celtic" dna in comas
@@douglas_fir Archaelogists are rethinking the singular 'origin' of Celtic culture. Just because Hallstatt/LaTene art deveoped in those regions doesn't mean all aspects of Celtic culture did. The development of what we now call Celtic culture was likely very dynamic. The Celtic languages were likely already prolific before the Hallstatt era. The Celts should not be viewed as a singular ethnic group but rather a cultural complex.
The Celts did not "collapse" or "fail" we are still here alive and well. Ireland and Germany are the only two western countries that weren't dominated by Rome, our language still survives until this day along with our music, folklore, traditions etc. I am a fluent Irish speaker
The Picts of modern day Scotland weren't conquered by the Romans.
Very little, if any, Celtic tradition or language in Germany, though.
@@KaiHenningsen But for that, Rome is not to blame. Rather catholicism. Oh wait, the Vatikan is in Rome...
@@rumpelstilzz WDYM, any Celts that remained in central Europe were overrun by Germanic tribes during the migration period. None of that had anything to do with Christianity.
@@KaiHenningsen that's not what he means. He means that Germany, alongside Ireland was one of the places that the Romans never conquered.
The 'Celts' as they have been called, are still alive and well. Prospering all over the world.
They didn’t entirely collapse,they just integrated and assimilated into the fabric of Europe.There are still pockets in Northern Spain ,Ireland and outlying islands of Scotland that havea Gaelic dialect,although they are fading.
They did make it to the Finals this year.
It's funny because here in Brazil the Celts are associated with Spain and Portugal, we usually view Scotland and Ireland as a England 2.0
Spain and portugal are latinized af nothign in them remains celtic ireland scotland and wales kept celtic folklore genetics and many traditional and histories the celtic languages are still Alive even thought they are only spoke by a minority in scotland and ireland and a big almost half minority in wales so how does spain and portugal even compare to celtic preservation only a small part of North spain is "celtic"
Before the Celts were Romanised, the Romans were Celticised to a certain degree.
The dialitic is old beyond history's vision. Red vs blue = purple
Libertarianism vs authoritarianism = republicanism
Thesis vs antithesis = synthesis.
Yeah roman armour and wepons were massively influenced by the ones of celtic nobility
@@firescorched954 the helmet of a legionnaire are was adopted after the crisis of the third century when Aurelian defeated
The Gallic Roman senate
@@nicholasthuya7683 earlier than that, probably in the 2nd or 3rd century BC.
@NFX Yes, but roman weaponry in fact were heavily influence by celt, for instance Roman short sword Gladius, chainmail dan later helmet...
Nice video mate. My only annoyance is the use of the word "British Isles" to refer to GB and Ireland. Most people in Ireland hate that phrase being used to include Ireland as well. I get that its a historically accurate commonly used phrase in a lot of the world but in Ireland, it just reminds us of our colonial past and present with the occupation of 6 northern counties. Keep up the good work anyway mate lol :)
Well isnt like anybody cares is like that already everybody use it, in france we say "isles britanniques" wich means british isles in spain "islas británicas" etc..
If all the Celts had united, that would have been scary. They in many areas of Europe. They lived in Northern Italy for hundreds of years and sacked Rome twice. (390 BC and 290 BC) They are probably the reason Rome started to become stronger militarily. The Romans and the Celts battled on and off for 800 years. 390 BC to 410 AD when Rome left Britain.
Knowledgia: not talk about Galicia in 0:54
Celtic Galicia: Am I joke to u?