How Your Body Metabolizes Medications
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 ก.พ. 2024
- MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Drug metabolism is the chemical conversion of drugs into water soluble compounds that can be excreted by the body. Drug metabolism mainly takes place in the liver, while excretion mainly takes place in the kidneys. Following drug administration, drugs must pass through tightly packed cells, crossing cell membranes to reach their sites of action. Usually drugs are lipophilic or fat soluble compounds, and cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, so drugs are able to cross them. However, for excretion by the kidneys, it's necessary to convert drugs to water soluble or hydrophilic compounds. Drugs are usually administered orally or parenterally. Parenteral drugs bypass the digestive tract. Parental routes include injection, transdermal patches, lotions, inhalants, and suppositories. If injected, the drugs reach general circulation quickly and have an immediate effect. If taken orally, drugs must pass through the cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Drugs cross through cells of the GI tract and travel to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. The liver has a chance to metabolize some of the drug before it goes into general circulation, this is called the first pass effect. In the liver, drugs enter hepatic cells where a series of enzymes in smooth endoplasmic reticulum metabolize them. Drugs move through the phospholipid membrane of endoplasmic reticulum. Hepatic microsomal enzymes such as p450 convert drugs from lipophilic to hydrophilic compounds. Repeated use of certain drugs increases the amount of metabolic enzymes and increases drug metabolism. This is called enzyme induction. Conversely, certain drugs compete to bind to metabolic enzymes thereby decreasing drug metabolism. This is called enzyme inhibition. Once metabolized, these hydrophilic metabolites leave the cell ready for excretion by the kidney. A drug's duration and intensity of effect are largely determined by metabolic rate. Increased metabolic rate will decrease drug duration and intensity by facilitating excretion. Decreased metabolic rate increases drug duration and intensity. A few of the factors affecting metabolic rate are the first pass effect, liver disease such as cirrhosis, neonates in the elderly have decreased liver function, compromised blood flow to the liver will lower metabolic rate, variation in amount and type of hepatic enzymes, poor diet and nutrition can affect normal liver function, and higher circulating drug levels due to dosage or patient's weight take longer to metabolize. ♪ [music] ♪
#MedicationMetabolism #DrugMetabolism #DrugExcretion
ANM11010
This channel taught me way more biology than my school teacher( She just read out the book nothing more really not exaggerating )
most prof read slides 😅😅
No one learns biology from school, if they will then they find boring
This is case of every school, and biology is something you gotta learn yourself.
@@Alasr27 then they exect us not read a line from presentation.
I absolutely love this beautiful, trustworthy, and entertaining biology, cellular, and scientific channel. My children ASK to watch these videos for their very limited screentime (10 minutes per day). My son enthusiastically retells what he has learned. My husband is a medical professional.
he gonna grow up to be a geniusss
Thanks for all your great advice. I really enjoy watching your videos, they provide a lot of knowledge and are very helpful on a daily basis in choosing food when shopping, etc. Thank you ❤✨
I was always curious about this, thanks
I have learned lots of things from this channel really amazing ❤❤❤
Always informative and fascinating
Very good video ty.
Thank you nucleus media love you so much please define any Anesthesia drugs step by step with different anaesthetic drugs ❤❤
Amazing, Thnk you
estos videos son muy buenos, deberian estar traducidos al español así puedo compartirlos!
interesting video 😍
Science annapurna teacher ji
Good
Hi. Want to know what software was used to make these animations? Thanks.
Forreal. Same 🫣
i really don't understand how people know all of this??
Studying?
It's why people have specializations. You don't see a physicist give medical advice do you?
I was always thinking that main route for orally taken drug to enter bloodstream is via intestine wall.
It is. The drug diffuses past the cells on the villi in the small intestine
One video on excretion of drugs plzz
TO YOU WHO ARE WATCHING THIS VIDEO, MAY ALL YOUR DREAMS COME TRUE, MUCH HEALTH AND MUCH SUCCESS. YOU DESERVE ALL THE BEST THAT LIFE HAS TO OFFER!
Thats soo sweet of you to write this. I wish the same for you and everyone reading this. Love and Light❤
The long time the drugs stay in your system, is whats making it possible for there side effects to harm you negatively so before you climate blablabla make drugs that are easily excreted from the body.
Watching this at 4 AM because it suddenly pops up 😒
🦊
BRO💀💀💀💀💀
Please follow page