I'm a Genetics Masters student and I'm still intrigued by the way Patrick explains the basics of genetics. Totally love this new series Humans. Can't wait for more episodes.!!🙌
I am so glad other people study this and understand it. I was lost somewhere around two minutes in. Very happy to know that others are on top of it. This frees me to concentrate on being a musician for a living. I wonder if my DNA consists of a lousy ability to understand DNA, but then also a great ability to play a 3 over 4 polyrhythm in a minor Blues scale, and modulate one half note up without missing a beat.
@awesome guy funny thing is, I didn't really get the joke until DMoney Industry commented that; I was thinking "shouldn't it be their thymine, not his?".
The creme brulee analogy seems broken. Creme brulee doesn't make itself. Also, this perpetuates the myth that genes neatly describe a set of instructions that can be understood like a recipe (i.e. this is the gene for x kind of thinking). For an example, fur color and disposition seem to be linked traits in foxes. The protein that controls fur color also affects brain structure. This is not a result that would be at all predicted by the recipe analogy. I don't know that our culture currently possesses an easily digestible analogy that neatly captures complex self-organizing systems in which a bunch of tiny rules interact in very complex ways for a variety of unpredictable and surprising results. But the description of transcription is nifty. One other really nifty thing to know about ribosomes is that they are made of RNA and protein, not just proteins like most of our molecular machinery. It suggests an abiogenesis in which RNA played a significant role, since ribosomes are so fundamental and universal.
true! One problem with analogies is that they never perfectly represent the subject matter, only view it through a more simplified and distorted lens. Unfortunately, making the analogy any more complex for the sake of accuracy would hurt its effectiveness in transcribing the meaning to a larger audience.
This is the best explanation of DNA that I’ve come across on TH-cam and I’ve watched many tutorials and am still struggling to grasp the entire concept so thanks for excellent teaching skills!
I get lost with all the abstract explanations and terms and how they relate to each other. I will never be a medical professional or scientist. Still , I have always tried my best to get a basic understanding of the universe around me. I have always been fascinated with things I know nothing (or exceedingly little) about. Your videos touch on these basic/complex concepts and feed my curiosity to keep looking for more. Thank you !
You guys forgot to mention that the RNA, which is created right after the RNA polymerase finished it's job, is actually the pre-mRNA. The introns (non-coding parts) get removed in a process called splicing. Afterwards, a Poly-A tail gets added to the 3' end and a cap-region is added to the 5' end. This is important because the mRNA would be disassembled in the cytoplasm without the Poly-A tail and the cap region.This only applies to eucaryotes though.
I would really like to know , how DNA encodes 3D data of body shape , I already have some hints about it , like cells use Cilia protien on their membrane to know their 3D position , and cilia does some singnaling that interacts with the DNA , but it would be pretty cool if we know how DNA encodes topological data , thus we can tell how some organs can endup malformed
I recently watched Unnatural Selection on Netflix, genes are just so amazing! It's a bit scary what CRISPR is capable of, but still facinating. Thanks for the video!
I don’t understand how macro evolution could explain how all these molecular machines could have arisen at the same time and had such complexity to create all the systems in a organism. The more we uncover, the more it seems to me that we have precise and highly tuned coding that points to intelligent design, whether that be hologram theory or being fearfully and wonderfully made by a creator. But I don’t think those two are mutually exclusive scenarios, could be the same thing. Our world never ceases to amaze me whatever the case. PS- these are just my thoughts, I know everyone has their own. And I respect that. Have a great day awesome people
Appearance of design does not mean it has a designer. With evolution what remains is what we see today. It surely did not start as well “designed” at first. Most of the primary cells that ever existed never evolved passed unicellular stage. Scientists are pretty sure only one cell actually ended up creating every living thing we know of. What appears as intelligent design is just a byproduct of a long chain of mutations and selection. What we get is a purified version of the first cells. Still plenty of useless stuff in most DNA strands that is vestigial from a long time ago.
I already knew most of this through school but it's still astonishing how it all works in the background with no "brain" organising it. The CRISPR machine blows my mind.
This is a telomere or ending sequence for coded DNA strands and tell the repair parts of the Cell not to fix beyond this point. Specifically this is a telomerase coding.
The most amazing thing regarding our genes is that it changes by the environment. The environment affects how RNA reads DNA. If DNA is cookbook, environment marks some important and unimportant pages. Then, the genes exhibit different aspect thg has beeen hidden. For more information, please watch my trilogy video clios 'determinism
After watching this, I even feel more curious about my body. How do the RNA polymerase knows where to copy and where to end? Who sends the signals to it? Some one pls suggest a channel so I can learn all this thing. TYSM!
If the U bonds with the A, why is there a T? Why the polymerase decided to take the U with the A instead of a T? Why the U doesn't flow around the nucleus at that time?
Wow, that was very clear and informative, thank you! I have a question. Do cells have a mechanism of restoring RNA if it’s damaged (by a virus, for example)? Like, can it detect that RNA is not a true copy of DNA anymore and re-make it?
@@22f94 The check leads to cutting of the RNA to prevent it from being transcribed to proteins which conducts all the actions we see. For further reading, such mechanisms can be seen in Si-RNA and micro RNA for regulating what is made in you. The field is called epigenetics
The very fact that some of the deadliest diseases thrive in our bodies tell us that our bodies are capable of playing host to them,instead of throwing them out or stopping them from growth.
How those instructions exist? How those seemingly similar DNA and protein able to differentiate on what cells they're going to be? And going to the right place like where cells that made eyes supposed to be?
Cool video other than all the v2k. This doesn’t actually explain the creation of dna just the semantics of rna to dna and o-chem of dna. Radial bodies from the holographic integration in to ones being via phosphorus cells from rna to mRNA to dna may have something to do with it as radial bodies are radiation bodies and the foundation of ones holographic energies as all of a form of energy and all energy = holograms.
the sequence for your cooking recipe means. 5 Tomatoes tartar sauce avocados green onions green peppers gelatin 300 degree oven MAKES A PERFECT HUMAN😂🤣😂🤣😂
one question, how long does the process of reading dna to a ready made protein take? from my understanding in how computers execute a code, the process is pretty much instantaneous
Replicating and making pre m-RNA showed in the video takes matter of seconds for reading 50 to 70 neuceotides. Next process (splicing) may take a few minutes Next process (translation) may take seconds for reading 50 anticodons. So it would take depending on the size few minutes
It sucks many youtubers undervalue memorizing lines in videos. I guess it’s to do with closeups and budgets, possibly time considerations as well. But I get so distracted by watching people’s eyes jump around reading teleprompters that I can’t watch. My ADD starts firing. Pulls me right out. So I listen, but then I miss some of the other useful content.
We don't have to make a smart robot. Just mix a rock, water, electricity, and exposure of the sun. Wait until a million years and smart creatures will appear.
There’s a great animation showing this molecular machinery in action to scale and in real time. Look up a ted talk called drew berry animation of unseeable biology. Mind blowing stuff!
The sequence of T,C,G and A in the father and mother chromosome could be different (of course if both parents had black eyes then they would have the same alleles (same sequence) if this gene only coded for the eye colour)
Hi I really appreciate your work I have a question If the all cells in any creature have the same sequence of DNA What make the cell unique and differentiate What makes that cell a skin cell and the other one is gland cell And thank you very much
All cells in the human body have the same chromosome as you have stated. A skin cell will activate a certain part of the chromosome for replication and make the helicase and RNA polymerase to bind and conduct transcription. When I say activate, this is what I mean: There are promotor codons and control codons before the gene. These condons needs certain situations for it to make the gene be promoted to get replicated and inhibited to prevent it to be replicated. These "certain situation" are controlled by the cell and its environment. So here, we can stimulate certain factors for a stem cell to grow as a skin cell by promoting certain genes and inhibiting others.
TTAGGG is the base sequence of telomeres, the so-called caps at the end of chromosomes. Telomeres are shorten everytime the DNA is duplicated, dictating the life span of a cell. Certain carcer have the ability to restore telomeres, kick starting cell duplication, an advantage for the cancerous cell. At the same time, scientist are studying how restore telomeres as anti-aging strategy. What a great time for science!
My eyes 👀 change colour all the time from brown to green, and when I was a kid I had tons of freckles across my nose and under my eyes, but as I got into double digits in age they started to dissappear, just some of the weird things that can happen to more people than you think 🤔
So what happens over one's lifetime that my inherent DNA no longer rebuilds my hair/eyes/ears/muscles to the perfection of my youth? Aren't the instructions still there?
Well non living may have conciousness too. Its just the matter of one's perspective. Our DNA machinery is so precious in working (like copying information and then the modification to be done everything) And how a non living things can do it in first place. Its scary and surprising too.
Hi Seekers, thanks for watching! For more Human, check out our playlist here: bit.ly/HUMANplaylist
‘TTAGGG’ those are the Telomere repeating base pairs.
Yo I get not saying its aliens but you left out the most important thing, it spead up as it left
the most confusing explanation ever made
Where are the instructions for making DNA?
May I ask a question?
5'
Thymine - Adenine
Thymine - Adenine
Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
Guanine - Cytosine
Guanine - Cytosine
3'
This is the sequence for telomeres.
Also known as guacamole
The end caps for chromosome.
Finally a detail explanation of the process that is clear and concise. :-)
Still not fully explained !
@@RoXon007 Here’s one to burst your bubble, dna dosnt contain letters, they’ve lied to you.
I'm a Genetics Masters student and I'm still intrigued by the way Patrick explains the basics of genetics. Totally love this new series Humans. Can't wait for more episodes.!!🙌
Here’s one to burst your bubble, dna dosnt contain letters, they’ve lied to you.
At 5:00 5' TTAGGG 3' is a telomeric repeat sequence found in mammals bound by proteins called shelterins
Correction: I am a delicious dessert!
I eat delicious desserts
Both facts... 😳😳
Tuxedo wolf nope, sorry dude, you’re gay now. 😚
I eat delicious desserts 🍨🍮🧁
Jiggle (joke)
Not gonna lie, seeker thumbnails r fire🔥
I am so glad other people study this and understand it. I was lost somewhere around two minutes in. Very happy to know that others are on top of it. This frees me to concentrate on being a musician for a living. I wonder if my DNA consists of a lousy ability to understand DNA, but then also a great ability to play a 3 over 4 polyrhythm in a minor Blues scale, and modulate one half note up without missing a beat.
He explained it very poorly
I made a DNA joke in my biology class but no one laughed.
Guess my thymine was off.
😅
@awesome guy 🤣 her comment made me laugh so hard.
@DMoney Industry r/woosh
@awesome guy she known she's just dont git it :v
@awesome guy funny thing is, I didn't really get the joke until DMoney Industry commented that; I was thinking "shouldn't it be their thymine, not his?".
The creme brulee analogy seems broken. Creme brulee doesn't make itself. Also, this perpetuates the myth that genes neatly describe a set of instructions that can be understood like a recipe (i.e. this is the gene for x kind of thinking).
For an example, fur color and disposition seem to be linked traits in foxes. The protein that controls fur color also affects brain structure. This is not a result that would be at all predicted by the recipe analogy.
I don't know that our culture currently possesses an easily digestible analogy that neatly captures complex self-organizing systems in which a bunch of tiny rules interact in very complex ways for a variety of unpredictable and surprising results.
But the description of transcription is nifty. One other really nifty thing to know about ribosomes is that they are made of RNA and protein, not just proteins like most of our molecular machinery. It suggests an abiogenesis in which RNA played a significant role, since ribosomes are so fundamental and universal.
Ok boomer
@@FlashBO7 - Did you mistakenly reply to the wrong post or on the wrong video?
Eric Hopper no I mistakenly reply to a wrong person
true! One problem with analogies is that they never perfectly represent the subject matter, only view it through a more simplified and distorted lens. Unfortunately, making the analogy any more complex for the sake of accuracy would hurt its effectiveness in transcribing the meaning to a larger audience.
You said whole lot of nothing in this essay. You contradicted yourself multiple times. You don’t understand biology. At last, okay boomer.
Hey SEEKER! I want you people in my college 😭😭😭😭🙏🙏🙏🙏 you people explain these concepts so well. I love you💝
This channels videos are one of life's pleasures.
This is the best explanation of DNA that I’ve come across on TH-cam and I’ve watched many tutorials and am still struggling to grasp the entire concept so thanks for excellent teaching skills!
Here’s one to burst your bubble, dna dosnt contain letters, they’ve lied to you.
"proteins give your eyes their color"
Me: steaming inside "NOT BLUE I'M SPECIAL"
Saaaaame mate
5'TTAGGG3' is TELOMERE
How ??
I get lost with all the abstract explanations and terms and how they relate to each other. I will never be a medical professional or scientist. Still , I have always tried my best to get a basic understanding of the universe around me. I have always been fascinated with things I know nothing (or exceedingly little) about. Your videos touch on these basic/complex concepts and feed my curiosity to keep looking for more. Thank you !
Thank You Seeker! I've been watching since the DNews days, love learning from all of you.
Same.. DNews was always an unfortunate name
You guys forgot to mention that the RNA, which is created right after the RNA polymerase finished it's job, is actually the pre-mRNA. The introns (non-coding parts) get removed in a process called splicing. Afterwards, a Poly-A tail gets added to the 3' end and a cap-region is added to the 5' end. This is important because the mRNA would be disassembled in the cytoplasm without the Poly-A tail and the cap region.This only applies to eucaryotes though.
I would really like to know , how DNA encodes 3D data of body shape , I already have some hints about it , like cells use Cilia protien on their membrane to know their 3D position , and cilia does some singnaling that interacts with the DNA , but it would be pretty cool if we know how DNA encodes topological data , thus we can tell how some organs can endup malformed
th-cam.com/video/AC2_S-wcJes/w-d-xo.html
repeated TTAGGG sections are telomeres, they influence how often a cell can divide :)
I recently watched Unnatural Selection on Netflix, genes are just so amazing! It's a bit scary what CRISPR is capable of, but still facinating. Thanks for the video!
I don’t understand how macro evolution could explain how all these molecular machines could have arisen at the same time and had such complexity to create all the systems in a organism. The more we uncover, the more it seems to me that we have precise and highly tuned coding that points to intelligent design, whether that be hologram theory or being fearfully and wonderfully made by a creator. But I don’t think those two are mutually exclusive scenarios, could be the same thing.
Our world never ceases to amaze me whatever the case.
PS- these are just my thoughts, I know everyone has their own. And I respect that. Have a great day awesome people
There is no evidence supporting the existence of a creator. What created that being?
Appearance of design does not mean it has a designer. With evolution what remains is what we see today. It surely did not start as well “designed” at first. Most of the primary cells that ever existed never evolved passed unicellular stage. Scientists are pretty sure only one cell actually ended up creating every living thing we know of. What appears as intelligent design is just a byproduct of a long chain of mutations and selection. What we get is a purified version of the first cells. Still plenty of useless stuff in most DNA strands that is vestigial from a long time ago.
You must be a christian. Only christians make comments like this...
I already knew most of this through school but it's still astonishing how it all works in the background with no "brain" organising it. The CRISPR machine blows my mind.
Awesome analogy + animation
"you are not a delicious dessert sadly" 1:06
"What are you?"
"An idiot sandwich"
I'm still waiting for you to tell us how DNA instructs cells to form an eye - as you promised at the beginning of the video.
So incredible. Thanks so much!
Interesting topic. Excited for the new video
Wish to learn and improve my channel!
Who loves his DNA?
I love my quarks and beyond
Racists.
or, you know, everyone else who isn't self loathing.
Loved how handsome the presenter is and how much I love his voice ☺️😍🙈
Rainbow Sushi u childish
U forgot to say no homo bro
Rainbow Sushi u stink like fish
Omg you guys are so childish.
Anyone is allowed to say someone is beutifull.
No matter the sexuality.
🙄
Also a Ttaggg is a 'telomere', whose real word equivalent at the end of a shoe string is called an 'aglet'.
The DNA polymerase doesn't separate/unzip the DNA strands, a protein called Helicase does that.
The videos had audio problem
There is a gap and pitch problem
This video brought back so many good memories of junior year IB biology for me 😂❤️
"Mitochondria is power house of the cell."
Yall broke this down so well schools should be taking notes😂😂😂
Thank you so much for this ❤️ 💚 👏 👍
7:52 Well played
This is a telomere or ending sequence for coded DNA strands and tell the repair parts of the Cell not to fix beyond this point. Specifically this is a telomerase coding.
The most amazing thing regarding our genes is that it changes by the environment.
The environment affects how RNA reads DNA.
If DNA is cookbook, environment marks some important and unimportant pages.
Then, the genes exhibit different aspect thg has beeen hidden.
For more information, please watch my trilogy video clios 'determinism
Interesting man I will rush into your channel.
dont forget to add in a mix up of some COSMIC RAYS with gluons that tend to interact with RIGHT Handed particle configurations.
'Usually in that order?'
I've never been compared to tasty food before, I'm flattered.
Since these are too small to see, how do thay figure all these mechanisms out? That would make a very interesting video.
After watching this, I even feel more curious about my body. How do the RNA polymerase knows where to copy and where to end? Who sends the signals to it? Some one pls suggest a channel so I can learn all this thing. TYSM!
If the U bonds with the A, why is there a T? Why the polymerase decided to take the U with the A instead of a T? Why the U doesn't flow around the nucleus at that time?
Bravo and thanks a lot
We need a written copy of our DNA when we are young, so we can overwrite our older and corrupted DNA with our younger DNA.
I haven't heard a better explanation then this.
Wow, that was very clear and informative, thank you! I have a question. Do cells have a mechanism of restoring RNA if it’s damaged (by a virus, for example)? Like, can it detect that RNA is not a true copy of DNA anymore and re-make it?
No. However, the DNA has enzymes ready to check whether there is any errors in the DNA sequence. Like when there GT instead of GC.
@@jaykomp9597 and what does the check lead to?
@@22f94 The check leads to cutting of the RNA to prevent it from being transcribed to proteins which conducts all the actions we see. For further reading, such mechanisms can be seen in Si-RNA and micro RNA for regulating what is made in you. The field is called epigenetics
Maaaaaaaaaaany thanks Patrick. This was a great video.
The very fact that some of the deadliest diseases thrive in our bodies tell us that our bodies are capable of playing host to them,instead of throwing them out or stopping them from growth.
1:06 YES I'm not a dessert! IM THE WHOLE DAMN MEAL B*TCH!!!
How those instructions exist? How those seemingly similar DNA and protein able to differentiate on what cells they're going to be? And going to the right place like where cells that made eyes supposed to be?
This is a simplified video sadly 😪
Considering the "electric Theory" and the "Solar Particle Forcing" Mechanism of course.
Freue mich schon richtig auf die Koch Videos mit den Jungs von Pietsmiet!
did you make the A T C G brownian motions on purpose ?
Damn Oliver Queen sure knows his biology.
TTAGGG are the nitrogen bases, thymine adenine and guanine. The replicate as AATCCC and transcribe as UUAGGG :)
Thankyou sir !!!! Now only i understand about DNA .....
I had to look it up, but 5' TTAGGG 3' is the code for telomeres, which are present at the ends of each chromatid.
More DNA content please!
My favourite case
Thanks a lot sir💓
the explanation is detailed yes but how do these polymerase and ribosome know what to do. what is triggering their reaction?
Is it known where exactly in the DNA the information about what organs we have and where they need to be is?
The ribosome is made of what material?
My eyes change between blue green and grey, please explain?
Cool video other than all the v2k. This doesn’t actually explain the creation of dna just the semantics of rna to dna and o-chem of dna. Radial bodies from the holographic integration in to ones being via phosphorus cells from rna to mRNA to dna may have something to do with it as radial bodies are radiation bodies and the foundation of ones holographic energies as all of a form of energy and all energy = holograms.
the sequence for your cooking recipe means.
5 Tomatoes
tartar sauce
avocados
green onions
green peppers
gelatin
300 degree oven
MAKES A PERFECT HUMAN😂🤣😂🤣😂
When you heart a comment, the outline disappears...
Wait, this isn't Tik Tok....
one question, how long does the process of reading dna to a ready made protein take?
from my understanding in how computers execute a code, the process is pretty much instantaneous
Replicating and making pre m-RNA showed in the video takes matter of seconds for reading 50 to 70 neuceotides.
Next process (splicing) may take a few minutes
Next process (translation) may take seconds for reading 50 anticodons.
So it would take depending on the size few minutes
But how Ribosome reads RNA? What is the mechanic behind this?
Probably chemical?
It sucks many youtubers undervalue memorizing lines in videos. I guess it’s to do with closeups and budgets, possibly time considerations as well. But I get so distracted by watching people’s eyes jump around reading teleprompters that I can’t watch. My ADD starts firing. Pulls me right out. So I listen, but then I miss some of the other useful content.
Super explanantion!
5'ttaggg3' is for telomeres it seems or telomerease
We don't have to make a smart robot. Just mix a rock, water, electricity, and exposure of the sun. Wait until a million years and smart creatures will appear.
There’s a great animation showing this molecular machinery in action to scale and in real time. Look up a ted talk called drew berry animation of unseeable biology. Mind blowing stuff!
If a always pairs with t and g with c how does an embryo get two different sequences from the sperm and egg? Wouldn't they just be the same?
The sequence of T,C,G and A in the father and mother chromosome could be different (of course if both parents had black eyes then they would have the same alleles (same sequence) if this gene only coded for the eye colour)
Des informations intéressantes.
Oui 🌚
@Seeker 5:01 5'TTAGGG3' is vertebrate telomere sequence. Repeated thousands of times at the ends of human chromosomes. Where is my treat?
How does a cell know which part of the DNA is useful for itself?
So we were created?
Not necessarily
What do you can an indecisive organelle? A Mightochondria.
Where did the ribosomes come from?
Can dna can be changed based on the food we eat
you should try my first, to say that "I'm not a delicious dessert" >.-
Why is audio so crappy?
The analogy of a recipe is fine... But where is the cook?
Telomeres! Or the overhang at the end of it!
Hi
I really appreciate your work
I have a question
If the all cells in any creature have the same sequence of DNA
What make the cell unique and differentiate
What makes that cell a skin cell and the other one is gland cell
And thank you very much
All cells in the human body have the same chromosome as you have stated.
A skin cell will activate a certain part of the chromosome for replication and make the helicase and RNA polymerase to bind and conduct transcription.
When I say activate, this is what I mean:
There are promotor codons and control codons before the gene. These condons needs certain situations for it to make the gene be promoted to get replicated and inhibited to prevent it to be replicated. These "certain situation" are controlled by the cell and its environment. So here, we can stimulate certain factors for a stem cell to grow as a skin cell by promoting certain genes and inhibiting others.
Science is not just Biology @Seeker. Pls upload other science, innovation,tech, planet saving stuff
TTAGGG is the base sequence of telomeres, the so-called caps at the end of chromosomes. Telomeres are shorten everytime the DNA is duplicated, dictating the life span of a cell. Certain carcer have the ability to restore telomeres, kick starting cell duplication, an advantage for the cancerous cell. At the same time, scientist are studying how restore telomeres as anti-aging strategy.
What a great time for science!
My eyes 👀 change colour all the time from brown to green, and when I was a kid I had tons of freckles across my nose and under my eyes, but as I got into double digits in age they started to dissappear, just some of the weird things that can happen to more people than you think 🤔
Wow I felt like a Genius there for like 30 seconds. Haha.
"Those beautiful brown eyes of yours" I must be colour blind, because I thought they were blue.
Isn't Tryptophan responsible for helping to produce melatonin efficiently?
Remember episode one, nobody told there was homework. My dog ate it.
5:50-6:00 Difference
Oh telomeres! Niiiice!
So what happens over one's lifetime that my inherent DNA no longer rebuilds my hair/eyes/ears/muscles to the perfection of my youth? Aren't the instructions still there?
The telomere sequence gets shorter each time a cell divide so after many years they cannot divide anymore. Hence aging .
Well non living may have conciousness too.
Its just the matter of one's perspective.
Our DNA machinery is so precious in working (like copying information and then the modification to be done everything)
And how a non living things can do it in first place. Its scary and surprising too.
Ummm what?