Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: th-cam.com/video/AzzE7GOvYz8/w-d-xo.html Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: lexfridman.com/sponsors/cv8008-sa See below for guest bio, links, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *GUEST BIO:* Ed Barnhart is an archaeologist and explorer specializing in ancient civilizations of the Americas. He is the Director of the Maya Exploration Center, host of the ArchaeoEd Podcast, and lecturer on the ancient history of North, Central, and South America. Ed is in part known for his groundbreaking work on ancient astronomy, mathematics, and calendar systems. *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: lexfridman.com/contact *EPISODE LINKS:* Ed's TH-cam: youtube.com/@archaeoedpodcast Ed's Website: archaeoed.com/ Maya Exploration Center: mayaexploration.org Ed's Lectures on The Great Courses: thegreatcoursesplus.com/edwin-barnhart Ed's Lectures on Audible: adbl.co/4dBavTZ 2025 Mayan Calendar: mayan-calendar.com/ *SPONSORS:* To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: *MasterClass:* Online classes from world-class experts. Go to lexfridman.com/s/masterclass-cv8008-sa *Shopify:* Sell stuff online. Go to lexfridman.com/s/shopify-cv8008-sa *NetSuite:* Business management software. Go to lexfridman.com/s/netsuite-cv8008-sa *AG1:* All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to lexfridman.com/s/ag1-cv8008-sa *Notion:* Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to lexfridman.com/s/notion-cv8008-sa *PODCAST LINKS:* - Podcast Website: lexfridman.com/podcast - Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2lwqZIr - Spotify: spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 - RSS: lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ - Podcast Playlist: th-cam.com/play/PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4.html - Clips Channel: th-cam.com/users/lexclips *SOCIAL LINKS:* - X: x.com/lexfridman - Instagram: instagram.com/lexfridman - TikTok: tiktok.com/@lexfridman - LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: facebook.com/lexfridman - Patreon: patreon.com/lexfridman - Telegram: t.me/lexfridman - Reddit: reddit.com/r/lexfridman
Ancient Astronaut theorists: "The pyramids were so advanced only aliens could've built them!" Archaeologists: "The first pyramid was a trash dump" The vast distance between these two poles is hilarious to me 😆
I am an old man who always thought the peopling of America was much earlier than conventional knowledge once thought. It's good now in my old age other's are finding that to be true. I enjoy your podcasts especially on this subject.
I remember watching/reading I forget which an obscure but well researched article/show/podcast that showed evidence that Australia very well could have been where humans originated from. The researchers were called racist, the scientific and archeologist communities shunned them etc. Because it would have changed everything if they delved into it with all their money and brains. The evidence shown and suggested was remarkable and it's a shame the academic community will never allow such a divergence in human history that goes against everything they were taught to believe. I wish I could remember more to give people reading this comment more information on it.
Imagine how intelligent those early people were to navigate through from North American down to South. Generations of knowledgeable people. Truly remarkable storytellers too which made them so formidable against such odds.
Any kids that ever picked up dirt or sand and let it run out of the bottom of their fists see a pyramid built. Makes a lot of sense that would be a type of first architecture.
I can see an image of God just towering over Egypt and these other places and sifting his hands through the sands and picking it up.. and then it just running out and making these pyramids on earth just like the kid your talking about...
Sure y’all thought of this, but here are two ideas about your “temple” with the circle POOL. 1. There are baby remains there because it was used as a birthing pool…the natural way to give birth. 2. At night it makes a mirrored scale model of the Cosmos on the reflection pool’s surface. By watching the Stars move around the pool, you have a CALCULATOR and CALENDAR. 😊🤙🏼✌🏼
You are really stretching it for a society that was known for human sacrifices. Just stop making up things in your mind and accept that they were brutal and inhumane and move on. Their brutal and inhumane now with visits in Amazon rainforest. What makes you think they never killed babies back then?
@@rainbowodysseybyjonlion I’m a stretchy guy, what can I say! ✌🏼😊 Also…they were talking about the Inca and Peru, not Mexico and Aztecs. Pay attention friend.
"The cradle of civilization" has become a slogan with political purpose. Better to specify and trace DNA, linguistic, and technological events. For example, 1. The orongorongo stones of Rapa Nui are linguistically traceable to the rangaranga boards of Austronesian origins. 2. The Olmec phenotype carved in stone is identical to BOTH the stone heads of Angkor wat and the modern visage of Papa Mau, the Micronesian navigator.. 3. The 30 ton Latte stones of Guam were quarried from Rapa and sealifted to Guam. Displacement sailing vessels capable of sealift are carved in stone at Angkor wat. 4. Rapa Nui's stone wall at Vinapu is ancient. And it is evidence of stone masons of advanced capability finding their way across oceans to remote destinations. 5. Denisovan DNA was recently discovered in South America. Denisovan DNA can be traced thru Asia to Austronesian voyagers. THUS THE QUESTION: 1. Are the stone masons (and navigators) of the Olmec, Vinapu wall, and Rapa quarries of Austronesian origins?
I've always thought where did they put all the waste.. bodies, food waste, pottery. Everything together would make terra preta.. then you notice food is growing from them spots without even planting it and grows better then anything ever has..
I really don’t know if I would call huaca Prieta a pyramid, there isn’t any actual evidence of that like there is at Caral-Supe, and even then it depends on how you would define a pyramid, depending on where you are in the world they can very massively, even the ones in Sudan look different to the Egyptian ones, and with Caral-Supe for instance it looks much more similar to a Sumerian Ziggurat then a pyramid, as for Huaca prieta it’s definitely a mound like those seen across Europe but that’s as much as I could say, I wouldn’t class it as a pyramid
Of course, he means organized religion is quite old and comes from the jungle (this and that estimated time). Religion itself is as old as language. As soon as people were able to share thoughts through the ages they would have shared ideas about the supernatural or in other words things that are not obvious facts.
His definition of pyramids is thick bottom leading to thinner top, regardless the material used. I guess I always was just like 'EGYPT!" every time i heard the word pyramid.
Caral, Tiwanaku, Cueva de los Tayos, Cochasqui, and many more great unknown sites beside Machu Picchu. In Ecuador there is the Cañari legend about a flood that destroyed civilization, bird gods, serpent gods. Also there are people that make some type of conection between America and ancient Mesopotamia, Ruth Rodriguez Sotmayor make the claim that arians are preamericans and her books explain the conection in language. There are also the Paracas red haired elongated skull people in Peru. The father Crespi story in Ecuador is also crazy. There are a lot of mysteries and a lot to investigate, who know what really happenned.
It can’t be though because the carbon dating on the mortar used in the pyramids gives the same dates as the written records of the building sites. They kept super detailed logs of what groups were in the build site, what portion they were building, where they were getting the stones from the quarry, how much they got paid in grain and other things each day for their labor (beer was also a form of payment 😅).
@@StuartAnderson-xl4bo Yeah there are so many articles about it if you didn't know: The Mortar Used in the Construction of the Great Pyramid: "The primary component of the mortar used in the Great Pyramid was lime-based, a material that has been foundational in construction for thousands of years. The mortar consisted of lime mixed with sand and water, creating a paste that hardened over time., Recent studies have revealed that gypsum was also used in the mortar mix for some sections of the pyramid. Gypsum mortar was notably different from lime-based mortar due to its unique properties"
@@Quinlan.Monroe Yes, many different things can confirm the dating of the pyramid: 1) Papyrus logbooks written over 4,500 years ago by Merer, a middle-ranking official/ overseer which documents the transportation of white limestone blocks from the quarries at Tura, taken by boat on the Nile river to build the great pyramid of Giza. It lists of the daily activities of Merer and his crew. That's physical written evidence of them building the pyramid. 2) carbon dating from mortar (lime and gypsum sludge) found between stones dates them to around the reign of Khufu 4) all the pottery found at Giza is from the reign of Khufu, 5) Egyptian mathematical documents that show them figuring out how they're going to build them. 6) The Harper's Song of Antef (1st Intermediate Period c. 2181-2055 BC) refers to "the gods who existed before, who rest in their PYRAMIDS, and the blessed nobles, likewise buried in their pyramids."
I gotta be honest, I hear about an theory regarding "trash management" and I scratch my head. What trash? The only "Trash" they would have is natural things; the fish example is especially dumb imo because why wouldn't they just throw the fish carcass back in the ocean after filleting it or whatever? Just makes no sense.
The bigger the city, the lazier the people get. Why do we have any food waste in our garbage today? Why don’t we just compost it? Most trash is food waste even today. Easy answer, laziness. Don’t want to spend time composting and recycling. They were the same. A lot of the info we know from cultures thousands of years old is what we get from… their trash. They throw out food that we find traces of, clothing that was ruined, pottery that broke and they don’t want to bother fixing.
they had the most advanced sewage systems in the Mexica empire. mostly because of their 24 hr sewage workers but the fact they were so advanced is what's most important here
The bigger the city, the lazier the people get. Why do we have any food waste today? Why don’t we just compost it all? Most trash is food waste even today. Easy answer, laziness. Don’t want to spend time composting and recycling. They were the same. A lot of the info we know from cultures thousands of years old is what we get from… their trash. They throw out food that we find traces of, clothing that was ruined, pottery that broke and they don’t want to bother fixing.
This man’s answer to why someone built pyramids all over the world was disappointing. This is what happens when people become “experts” in one narrow specialized field. Any study of ancient civilizations and their megastructures should have a variety of experts working on a team. If this man knew ANYTHING about construction and engineering he would understand the wonders of the ancient megalithic structures. Not just the pyramids either. As someone who worked in heavy construction I can tell you right now that no one is coming up with an explanation as to HOW those structures were built. The people they claim built them didn’t build them. I believe they found them. Different groups of primitive people around the world found abandoned ancient structures and they set up shop. Most of these people didn’t even have the wheel never mind the knowledge and experience to build things like that. We couldn’t do some of these things now. No one knows how they quarried such massive slabs of granite so precise and in the case of Peru moved them to mountain peaks hundreds of miles away. Our roads would collapse even if we could invent a vehicle to hoist up and move something like Baalbek. It’s not happening. The Maya, Inca and Aztecs were not building anything like that.
I like this guy. However, if you want to call the structures in South America pyramids, then you probably also have to call Ziggurats pyramids, too. One other thing, on the topic of WHY people made pyramids. My guess? When you look across a world you believed has been created by gods, the peaks of their masterpiece are the mountains. Pyramids are man made mountains. You would strive to erect a mountain, because you believe yourself to be a god.
@@Clemfandang0 Oh I see. 10,000 years of unbroken belief systems, but it's 'common sense' to assume atheism. You're not qualified to have this conversation. Thanks anyways.
Body mounds? So you start off with a hundred or so. It grows. Let's say even to 100,000. How many people die a day or withing the same week in order to bury a pile of bodies to avoid the stench. Not to mention to create a mound large enough to repurpose it as a gathering mound? Lol. Idk. Its hard to see that many people dieing a day to make a pyramid by accident
Its still taboo to admit that ancient civilizations were in contact. its the most simple explanation. Caral and Eygpt - india lived in the same cultural world somehow
We need a more descriptive term to define 'religion". By using the blanket term, it diminishes practices and knowledge that do not closely resemble what people think of , when referring to religions that entire groups of people participate in. The shamanism of ancient cultures does not resemble modern religion. Belief systems that are organized with a central authority that prescribe a strict set of practices, are not comparable to a small group using plant based medicines for example. We are so infused with ritual in our time, we see it everywhere, so they must have been also this way. It also actually gives too much credibility to modern religion, to suggest we have always done this. Black robes were known well before christianity.
@@Demontoastslayer the edge of town would be just as far as the middle of town. Doesn’t matter how large the town is because it’s just a circle and the average distance will always equal out when you account for everyone’s location on the town. Also even if the edge of town was was 2x as far for everyone on average, that is still better than having a disgusting pile in the fucking middle of town lol. They were the original Americans but that doesn’t mean they were that lazy and stupid. And i know they call them Indians, but they weren’t actual Indians shitting in their streets.
Lol every major city in the US has a garbage pyramid. I live in Dallas Fort Worth and we have 3 that you can see for literally 60 miles and they are covered in dirt. The reason the are in the middle was because there were no carts with wheels or draft animals. People won’t carry their crap 10 miles to throw it away. Humans were as nasty then as they are now.
@@SEKreiver Smithsonian Magazine has an exceptional piece published in 2020 on ancient Sudan, its pyramids and connection to ancient Kemet aka Egypt. The article is titled “In The Land of Kush.” I encourage you to read it.
Why did ancient people all over build big pyramids is the same as asking why there are so many tall buildings all over when our current civilization is rediscovered 3000 yrs later!!
Thank-you Ed, correct. And, we understand that you have to " follow " archeology finds from the past, and the " old " think. There are pyramids all over earth....why do you believe that is.......some massive, some much smaller....all over the planet.....there is a water source, under each pyramid...you present as respecting " that you have not found out real answers "....have fun on the journey....I'm NY 1962 Toms very British/Brazilian future wife MD, Veteran, Middle East & Cont. of Africa
What about India? There seem to be many similarities between India and South America. The ancient Indian texts mention places that appear to resemble Peru. It’s all so fascinating. I want all the answers!
Why cus He's honest archeologist always lie and try and say everything they say is right ..he tells you when it's true and when it's what he and other archeologist can't prove your just a hatter 😢
@@Jcruises_ “Some of the oldest human remains ever unearthed are the Omo One bones found in Ethiopia. For decades, their precise age has been debated, but a new study argues they're around 233,000 years old.” - NPR. It seems there’s much debate around the world of the oldest human remains. So in reality no one knows for sure or I should say, agree on one source. Soooooo there’s no way you can prove that statement.
I don't think he means humans originated from. He's talking about large organized groups and large structure building. Just like mesopatamia is considered a cradle of civilization. He stating there are many not just one.
When so much is unknown and undiscovered, why does Lex insist on trying to get definitive answers?? It is obvious that every new discovery pushes back the start of current human civilization to farther back in history, and also changes our concept of where it might have started. So let's just keep our rational mind in check and just hope that archaeologists keep finding wondrous new things.
No kids, these geniuses inventing the math and machinery to build these things weren't kids playing with Fing blocks. They gotta legally make historical bigotry the crime that it is.
If one listens to western archeology, it seems all antiquity architectural structures around the world were built around 6 to 4000BC. It is worth noting that the bible says the earth is about 6000 years old. Looking at all this, I fail to buy these western archaeological theories on the subject of the age of the world, the age of giant ancient structures and histories of humans on different continents. These are children and students of plunderers of colonial thieves, rapists, usurpers and distortionists who approach studies with the bias of their forefathers and teachers who did not consider anything outside their narrow colonial and western dominance theories....
This man doesn’t want to believe in an ancient lost civilization because he knows this goes completely against the man from ape theory. But all the evidence points to the fact that modern archaeologist don’t know too much about the past. Yet the oldest people on the planet.. African/Asiatics have been explaining our history. We’ve been here millions of years and you just can’t prove that with solid artifacts. You cannot reject an ancient world civilization just because it makes you uncomfortable, people smart enough to build civilizations but too slow to travel the waters and spread the civilization they created. And Americans are just the gosh darn cream of the crop but haven’t produced not one pyramid reminiscent of Mexico or Egypt with all our electronics and gas and oil gadgets.. right? Wrong
Archaeologists have an abundance of physical artifacts from basically every period in history. It's very clear how and when civilization evolved. There are no big mysteries that elude them like this.
@@awsomenesscaleb no that not true.. archaeologists have plenty of evidence that contradicts their claims of how civilization started and they either bury them in a dusty room and/or destroy and discredit the archaeologist that have tried to prove other wise. Academia is no longer not a free and open door willing to think outside the box. Historians have been rejected by the schools they teach at for trying to publish certain books. Archaeologists have admitted to only examining about 5% of the ocean floor.. and have not spent time in digging up most of the earth as they claim. The man just said it in relation to Caral Supe, they discovered it and never went back. But you ignored the fact that we cannot reproduce the technology or megalithic structures that is a mystery in itself but you can believe what you want.
Ancient lost civilizations are fun flights of fancy. Insisting they exist without evidence is dumb. This guy was great and points out the reality of the archaeological field. It’s a dirty job that pays shit and most digs get ignored by the vast majority of the global population. Someone has to pay for these digs, usually governments that would rather collect taxes on the land being surveyed. There is no conspiracy, there is a lack of funds.
@@DDGenes no. Did I make a statement of fact? Or just ask questions? You can’t prove otherwise either that there’s no pyramid structures in Africa older than 8-10 thousand years ago.
@PolishBehemoth when Cortez asked Montezuma where his people came from the answer was Atlan ti you don't see a similarity in the name. then something is wrong with you
Has someone looked into possible connections between india and south america? I have heard of a theory connecting a character in Ramayana to the Candelebra of the Andes in Peru ( i cud be wrong with the location). The name of the king in Ramayana who is said to have gone to South America is named Virochana. Also native mexicans look so much like indians that i as an indian have been fooled before.
Um no... If anything the original Indigenous people of Indus valley region like the Tamil and Dravidians like everyone else came from Africa and are more closer to Ethiopians. The lighter skinned Indians came later due to the admixture from foreign populations from the northern Caucuses area. Also maybe a few lighter skinned Indians may look like some Mexicans but its rare that people get Mexicans and East Indians mixed up. How ever many East Indians can pass for Ethiopians or Black Americans. VP Kamala Harris is a prime example of this.
I hate how he says “I think” like he came up with the idea it’s borderline common sense and we’ve know for thousands of years why people build pyramids. It was never a mystery to people who can critically think
Fool! Misinformation. Ethiopia is the only cradle of civilization. Sudan played a huge role in the story. Clarify between the cradle of human civilization and the cradle of civilization for viewers.
to talk about an advanced civilization in Peru, we should ask about language(in this case non existen?). Any scientific breakthroughs or atleast assimulation of it? Any mythology, poems,written word? I see nothing of that sort,just some guys building pyramids to get closer to the sun ,so that the sun god would see the ripped hearts and the blood spilled all over.?
Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: th-cam.com/video/AzzE7GOvYz8/w-d-xo.html
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: lexfridman.com/sponsors/cv8008-sa
See below for guest bio, links, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
*GUEST BIO:*
Ed Barnhart is an archaeologist and explorer specializing in ancient civilizations of the Americas. He is the Director of the Maya Exploration Center, host of the ArchaeoEd Podcast, and lecturer on the ancient history of North, Central, and South America. Ed is in part known for his groundbreaking work on ancient astronomy, mathematics, and calendar systems.
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*EPISODE LINKS:*
Ed's TH-cam: youtube.com/@archaeoedpodcast
Ed's Website: archaeoed.com/
Maya Exploration Center: mayaexploration.org
Ed's Lectures on The Great Courses: thegreatcoursesplus.com/edwin-barnhart
Ed's Lectures on Audible: adbl.co/4dBavTZ
2025 Mayan Calendar: mayan-calendar.com/
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this dude may be the best podcast guest I have ever seen/listened to. Also, Lex is the guy for this type of interview.
Is he first historian you’ve encountered?
Lol he don't know jack 💩
I wish he had a deeper knowledge about some of the topics that the guest talks about.
Imagine a group of Alex Pereiras running at you.
😂
🗿🗿🗿🗿🗿🗿
The battle cry...."CHAMA!"
Bro.
That's Gold.
Lol. My god.
Ancient Astronaut theorists: "The pyramids were so advanced only aliens could've built them!"
Archaeologists: "The first pyramid was a trash dump"
The vast distance between these two poles is hilarious to me 😆
There's pyramids everywhere for the same reasons everyone discovered bow and arrows, we are guided by laws of physics
bow and arrow was developed in africa
That doesn't answer the question. The building of pyramids by one culture would be odd but all of them is a pattern.
@@Ck-zk3weit was probably developed multiple times in multiple places, but almost certainly in Africa first
Yes thank you! You want build high without iron you build a pyramid… why everyone was building pyramids? that’s the answer
@@andycockrum1212Africa didn’t invent shit but AIDs.
That was unexpected. I now have an interest in seashell pyramids.
First credible sounding archeologist i have ever heard.
Yup. I'm getting tired of young punk archeologists trying to make a name for themselves by slamming other people.
@@andrewblackard3369 its cheap and character revealing
This guy don't know jack 💩
outstanding guest
Interesting take, certainly not the most glamorous one, but something to think about.
I am an old man who always thought the peopling of America was much earlier than conventional knowledge once thought. It's good now in my old age other's are finding that to be true. I enjoy your podcasts especially on this subject.
I remember watching/reading I forget which an obscure but well researched article/show/podcast that showed evidence that Australia very well could have been where humans originated from. The researchers were called racist, the scientific and archeologist communities shunned them etc. Because it would have changed everything if they delved into it with all their money and brains. The evidence shown and suggested was remarkable and it's a shame the academic community will never allow such a divergence in human history that goes against everything they were taught to believe. I wish I could remember more to give people reading this comment more information on it.
Imagine how intelligent those early people were to navigate through from North American down to South. Generations of knowledgeable people. Truly remarkable storytellers too which made them so formidable against such odds.
Yet murdered by 400 Spanish conquistadors go figure
@@StuartAnderson-xl4boand thousands upon thousands of Native allies
@@ATOQ777 hey ho still got marked out deal with it, must of been unpopular the other natives sided with the foreigners but no matter they got battered
@@StuartAnderson-xl4bo I am not denying that, but the Spaniards didn't and COULDN'T do it alone, simple as.
@@ATOQ777 whole of meso America became Spanish or Portuguese so yes they could deal with it or don't but that's what happened
From Alaska down through the Americas, and arriving at PATAGONIA! Peru down to Patagonia!
Any kids that ever picked up dirt or sand and let it run out of the bottom of their fists see a pyramid built. Makes a lot of sense that would be a type of first architecture.
Kids pretending to make hills and mountains
I can see an image of God just towering over Egypt and these other places and sifting his hands through the sands and picking it up.. and then it just running out and making these pyramids on earth just like the kid your talking about...
Seems like many ancient cultures share a considerable measure of commonality/roots, dosent matter what continent.
Many were quite aware of each other. Different configuration of the planet, lower sea levels, more land mass especially in the Indonesian subcontinent
Sure y’all thought of this, but here are two ideas about your “temple” with the circle POOL.
1. There are baby remains there because it was used as a birthing pool…the natural way to give birth.
2. At night it makes a mirrored scale model of the Cosmos on the reflection pool’s surface. By watching the Stars move around the pool, you have a CALCULATOR and CALENDAR.
😊🤙🏼✌🏼
You are really stretching it for a society that was known for human sacrifices. Just stop making up things in your mind and accept that they were brutal and inhumane and move on. Their brutal and inhumane now with visits in Amazon rainforest. What makes you think they never killed babies back then?
@@rainbowodysseybyjonlion I’m a stretchy guy, what can I say! ✌🏼😊
Also…they were talking about the Inca and Peru, not Mexico and Aztecs. Pay attention friend.
The rate of infant mortality back then is heart breaking.
🤯mind blasting
We have been talking about Amazon for some time now 🤯
I'm liking this dude !!
in 2015 in Chiclayo or a city near by, I saw that people put a concrete water tank on top of a pyramid from dirt bricks.
"The cradle of civilization" has become a slogan with political purpose.
Better to specify and trace DNA, linguistic, and technological events. For example,
1. The orongorongo stones of Rapa Nui are linguistically traceable to the rangaranga boards of Austronesian origins.
2. The Olmec phenotype carved in stone is identical to BOTH the stone heads of Angkor wat and the modern visage of Papa Mau, the Micronesian navigator..
3. The 30 ton Latte stones of Guam were quarried from Rapa and sealifted to Guam. Displacement sailing vessels capable of sealift are carved in stone at Angkor wat.
4. Rapa Nui's stone wall at Vinapu is ancient. And it is evidence of stone masons of advanced capability finding their way across oceans to remote destinations.
5. Denisovan DNA was recently discovered in South America. Denisovan DNA can be traced thru Asia to Austronesian voyagers.
THUS THE QUESTION:
1. Are the stone masons (and navigators) of the Olmec, Vinapu wall, and Rapa quarries of Austronesian origins?
The climate was something else entirely during the ice ages and the land lost to glaciers was compensated by smaller oceans.
And if the oceans were smaller it was likely much easier to travel from one continent to another
Beer, people started farming to have a steady supply of hops for beer. (I am not afraid to be wrong, it may have been cotton for textiles.)
I've always thought where did they put all the waste.. bodies, food waste, pottery. Everything together would make terra preta.. then you notice food is growing from them spots without even planting it and grows better then anything ever has..
5:26 a couple a child corpse ? If the child mortality rate was so great where are the rest of the bodies ?
I really don’t know if I would call huaca Prieta a pyramid, there isn’t any actual evidence of that like there is at Caral-Supe, and even then it depends on how you would define a pyramid, depending on where you are in the world they can very massively, even the ones in Sudan look different to the Egyptian ones, and with Caral-Supe for instance it looks much more similar to a Sumerian Ziggurat then a pyramid, as for Huaca prieta it’s definitely a mound like those seen across Europe but that’s as much as I could say, I wouldn’t class it as a pyramid
"remember me!" -Bender
STANDING ON WOOD AND STONE🐋🌎🙏💫SAN FRANCISCO BAY
Of course, he means organized religion is quite old and comes from the jungle (this and that estimated time). Religion itself is as old as language. As soon as people were able to share thoughts through the ages they would have shared ideas about the supernatural or in other words things that are not obvious facts.
A place where ritual probably took place😂 He ain't lyin😅
I like his approach and honesty
Love this guy. I’ve been saying this about pyramids since ancient aliens came out
When someone says pyramid, I don't think Egypt 🤔
How?lol
I always thought about the commonality was volcanoes. The reason why so many pyramids in different locations. But he's the expert and not me😂
His definition of pyramids is thick bottom leading to thinner top, regardless the material used. I guess I always was just like 'EGYPT!" every time i heard the word pyramid.
they built their own mountains to be closer to the heavens to show their dedication to creation
Nice image/thumbnail 🔥
Caral, Tiwanaku, Cueva de los Tayos, Cochasqui, and many more great unknown sites beside Machu Picchu. In Ecuador there is the Cañari legend about a flood that destroyed civilization, bird gods, serpent gods. Also there are people that make some type of conection between America and ancient Mesopotamia, Ruth Rodriguez Sotmayor make the claim that arians are preamericans and her books explain the conection in language. There are also the Paracas red haired elongated skull people in Peru. The father Crespi story in Ecuador is also crazy. There are a lot of mysteries and a lot to investigate, who know what really happenned.
Or Egypt is much older than what it’s dated
It can’t be though because the carbon dating on the mortar used in the pyramids gives the same dates as the written records of the building sites. They kept super detailed logs of what groups were in the build site, what portion they were building, where they were getting the stones from the quarry, how much they got paid in grain and other things each day for their labor (beer was also a form of payment 😅).
@@raina4732 there is no evidence of anything on or in the Giza pyramid that states who or when it was built.
You’re referring to graffiti
@raina4732 sshhhh there is no mortar you chopper
@@StuartAnderson-xl4bo Yeah there are so many articles about it if you didn't know: The Mortar Used in the Construction of the Great Pyramid: "The primary component of the mortar used in the Great Pyramid was lime-based, a material that has been foundational in construction for thousands of years. The mortar consisted of lime mixed with sand and water, creating a paste that hardened over time., Recent studies have revealed that gypsum was also used in the mortar mix for some sections of the pyramid. Gypsum mortar was notably different from lime-based mortar due to its unique properties"
@@Quinlan.Monroe Yes, many different things can confirm the dating of the pyramid:
1) Papyrus logbooks written over 4,500 years ago by Merer, a middle-ranking official/ overseer which documents the transportation of white limestone blocks from the quarries at Tura, taken by boat on the Nile river to build the great pyramid of Giza. It lists of the daily activities of Merer and his crew. That's physical written evidence of them building the pyramid.
2) carbon dating from mortar (lime and gypsum sludge) found between stones dates them to around the reign of Khufu
4) all the pottery found at Giza is from the reign of Khufu,
5) Egyptian mathematical documents that show them figuring out how they're going to build them.
6) The Harper's Song of Antef (1st Intermediate Period c. 2181-2055 BC) refers to "the gods who existed before, who rest in their PYRAMIDS, and the blessed nobles, likewise buried in their pyramids."
I gotta be honest, I hear about an theory regarding "trash management" and I scratch my head. What trash? The only "Trash" they would have is natural things; the fish example is especially dumb imo because why wouldn't they just throw the fish carcass back in the ocean after filleting it or whatever? Just makes no sense.
Right! Or they would just use it as natural fertilizer
The bigger the city, the lazier the people get. Why do we have any food waste in our garbage today? Why don’t we just compost it? Most trash is food waste even today. Easy answer, laziness. Don’t want to spend time composting and recycling. They were the same. A lot of the info we know from cultures thousands of years old is what we get from… their trash. They throw out food that we find traces of, clothing that was ruined, pottery that broke and they don’t want to bother fixing.
they had the most advanced sewage systems in the Mexica empire. mostly because of their 24 hr sewage workers but the fact they were so advanced is what's most important here
The bigger the city, the lazier the people get. Why do we have any food waste today? Why don’t we just compost it all? Most trash is food waste even today. Easy answer, laziness. Don’t want to spend time composting and recycling. They were the same. A lot of the info we know from cultures thousands of years old is what we get from… their trash. They throw out food that we find traces of, clothing that was ruined, pottery that broke and they don’t want to bother fixing.
Yeah, like how you just throw your food scraps in your front lawn and it’s no issue. Dude, you’re fvcking dumb. Please never comment.
This man’s answer to why someone built pyramids all over the world was disappointing. This is what happens when people become “experts” in one narrow specialized field. Any study of ancient civilizations and their megastructures should have a variety of experts working on a team. If this man knew ANYTHING about construction and engineering he would understand the wonders of the ancient megalithic structures. Not just the pyramids either. As someone who worked in heavy construction I can tell you right now that no one is coming up with an explanation as to HOW those structures were built. The people they claim built them didn’t build them. I believe they found them. Different groups of primitive people around the world found abandoned ancient structures and they set up shop. Most of these people didn’t even have the wheel never mind the knowledge and experience to build things like that. We couldn’t do some of these things now. No one knows how they quarried such massive slabs of granite so precise and in the case of Peru moved them to mountain peaks hundreds of miles away. Our roads would collapse even if we could invent a vehicle to hoist up and move something like Baalbek. It’s not happening. The Maya, Inca and Aztecs were not building anything like that.
awesome comment
No graham Hancock bulls### I love it
I like this guy. However, if you want to call the structures in South America pyramids, then you probably also have to call Ziggurats pyramids, too.
One other thing, on the topic of WHY people made pyramids. My guess? When you look across a world you believed has been created by gods, the peaks of their masterpiece are the mountains. Pyramids are man made mountains. You would strive to erect a mountain, because you believe yourself to be a god.
I think you have a good idea.
Real good idea.
People know they are not god because we were all kids at one point
@@Clemfandang0 Oh I see. 10,000 years of unbroken belief systems, but it's 'common sense' to assume atheism.
You're not qualified to have this conversation. Thanks anyways.
Would love to see this guy talk with Graham Hancock, not sure Grahams ego would entertain it though
Body mounds? So you start off with a hundred or so. It grows. Let's say even to 100,000. How many people die a day or withing the same week in order to bury a pile of bodies to avoid the stench. Not to mention to create a mound large enough to repurpose it as a gathering mound? Lol. Idk. Its hard to see that many people dieing a day to make a pyramid by accident
Yeah it sounds like bullshit. They sacrificed a lot of bodies.
They just haven't turned them into a business yet. Best to leave it alone until we settle down.
Göbekli Tepe??
Its still taboo to admit that ancient civilizations were in contact.
its the most simple explanation.
Caral and Eygpt - india lived in the same cultural world somehow
We need a more descriptive term to define 'religion". By using the blanket term, it diminishes practices and knowledge that do not closely resemble what people think of , when referring to religions that entire groups of people participate in. The shamanism of ancient cultures does not resemble modern religion.
Belief systems that are organized with a central authority that prescribe a strict set of practices, are not comparable to a small group using plant based medicines for example. We are so infused with ritual in our time, we see it everywhere, so they must have been also this way. It also actually gives too much credibility to modern religion, to suggest we have always done this. Black robes were known well before christianity.
I fell out of the cradle when I was born,nan told me that's why I have a boxers nose,hard to breath when I have a cold,in winter.
How does having a cold break your nose?
When I was small, this one time I did something
Humanoids evolved in south America, we didn't cross from Siberia.
The need to maintain present technology levels as the pinnacle in all sciences ever is an absolute bias that will consistently tilt your analysis.
this is so much more interesting to me than graham hancock style bullshit
Why would they pile their trash in the middle of town lol? They would just put it away far from town. Such an easy solution and the logical one
Would you want to walk to the edge of town everytime to reach your trashcan?
@@Demontoastslayer the edge of town would be just as far as the middle of town. Doesn’t matter how large the town is because it’s just a circle and the average distance will always equal out when you account for everyone’s location on the town. Also even if the edge of town was was 2x as far for everyone on average, that is still better than having a disgusting pile in the fucking middle of town lol. They were the original Americans but that doesn’t mean they were that lazy and stupid. And i know they call them Indians, but they weren’t actual Indians shitting in their streets.
Lol every major city in the US has a garbage pyramid. I live in Dallas Fort Worth and we have 3 that you can see for literally 60 miles and they are covered in dirt. The reason the are in the middle was because there were no carts with wheels or draft animals. People won’t carry their crap 10 miles to throw it away. Humans were as nasty then as they are now.
This guy is pretty awesome
Languages developed independently 3 times in human history. Once in China, once in Mexico, and once in Mesopotamia.
@@Tepaneca That's not exactly "true".
Older pyramids in Africa aside from Egypt are in the Sudan. The starting points of the Nile are the cradle for all humanity. In Africa.
The Nubian pyramids aren't as old as the actual Egyptian pyramids.
@@SEKreiver there’s debate about that. So it’s not a settled matter of fact
@@SEKreiver Smithsonian Magazine has an exceptional piece published in 2020 on ancient Sudan, its pyramids and connection to ancient Kemet aka Egypt. The article is titled “In The Land of Kush.” I encourage you to read it.
@@S_C_ I read it at the time it was published. I was very likely reading about the Nubian pyramids before you were born.
@@SEKreiver that’s good
I would love to hear Zahi’s take on this.
Zahir hawass is nothing but a Liar!
Why did ancient people all over build big pyramids is the same as asking why there are so many tall buildings all over when our current civilization is rediscovered 3000 yrs later!!
God bless Spain.
people built big structures to intimidate intruders.....
Okay, what about India?
Why do HUMANS keep building the same structures around the world despite never contacting each other.....let me guess....
Aliens bro...
Thank-you Ed, correct. And, we understand that you have to " follow " archeology finds from the past, and the " old " think. There are pyramids all over earth....why do you believe that is.......some massive, some much smaller....all over the planet.....there is a water source, under each pyramid...you present as respecting " that you have not found out real answers "....have fun on the journey....I'm NY 1962 Toms very British/Brazilian future wife MD, Veteran, Middle East & Cont. of Africa
Someone's throwing out alternative dates and ish....IJS.
🤔
What about India? There seem to be many similarities between India and South America. The ancient Indian texts mention places that appear to resemble Peru. It’s all so fascinating. I want all the answers!
Praveen has a great channel on YT
I think now that we have the white sands find, we need to re-evaluate both the time line of both north and south America
i will never understand how people dont build home from the rubble..
This guy gives serious “Door to Door Encyclopedia Salesman” vibes.😂😂😂
Why cus He's honest archeologist always lie and try and say everything they say is right ..he tells you when it's true and when it's what he and other archeologist can't prove your just a hatter 😢
Sold. I'm buying what he's selling.
This is Kip after he left the door to door Tupperware sales industry
The cradle of civilization is Africa.🌍
Yes the earliest records of humans is found in Africa. You are correct.
Keep telling yourself that, Humans come from the Americas not the other way around
@@Jcruises_ “Some of the oldest human remains ever unearthed are the Omo One bones found in Ethiopia. For decades, their precise age has been debated, but a new study argues they're around 233,000 years old.” - NPR. It seems there’s much debate around the world of the oldest human remains. So in reality no one knows for sure or I should say, agree on one source. Soooooo there’s no way you can prove that statement.
@@S_C_homo erectus Caucauses
1.7 million
I don't think he means humans originated from. He's talking about large organized groups and large structure building. Just like mesopatamia is considered a cradle of civilization. He stating there are many not just one.
When so much is unknown and undiscovered, why does Lex insist on trying to get definitive answers?? It is obvious that every new discovery pushes back the start of current human civilization to farther back in history, and also changes our concept of where it might have started. So let's just keep our rational mind in check and just hope that archaeologists keep finding wondrous new things.
No kids, these geniuses inventing the math and machinery to build these things weren't kids playing with Fing blocks. They gotta legally make historical bigotry the crime that it is.
perfectly said. When I bring balance to the world's population we surely will adn we will never allow this to happen again
Huayatlaco
America. Aka Hue Hue Tlapalan
Pyramids are highly technical. It is scientifically proven to be the best way to stack up rocks and have them not fall down for a super long time.
All this is good and well, except some researchers are pushing the date of the Egyptian pyramids to 12,000 years BCE.
If one listens to western archeology, it seems all antiquity architectural structures around the world were built around 6 to 4000BC.
It is worth noting that the bible says the earth is about 6000 years old.
Looking at all this, I fail to buy these western archaeological theories on the subject of the age of the world, the age of giant ancient structures and histories of humans on different continents. These are children and students of plunderers of colonial thieves, rapists, usurpers and distortionists who approach studies with the bias of their forefathers and teachers who did not consider anything outside their narrow colonial and western dominance theories....
Pyramids were their temples. Pagan religion
This man doesn’t want to believe in an ancient lost civilization because he knows this goes completely against the man from ape theory. But all the evidence points to the fact that modern archaeologist don’t know too much about the past. Yet the oldest people on the planet.. African/Asiatics have been explaining our history. We’ve been here millions of years and you just can’t prove that with solid artifacts. You cannot reject an ancient world civilization just because it makes you uncomfortable, people smart enough to build civilizations but too slow to travel the waters and spread the civilization they created. And Americans are just the gosh darn cream of the crop but haven’t produced not one pyramid reminiscent of Mexico or Egypt with all our electronics and gas and oil gadgets.. right? Wrong
Nonsense. Questions of lost civilizations have nothing to do with the very early evolution of hominids.
Archaeologists have an abundance of physical artifacts from basically every period in history. It's very clear how and when civilization evolved. There are no big mysteries that elude them like this.
@@awsomenesscaleb no that not true.. archaeologists have plenty of evidence that contradicts their claims of how civilization started and they either bury them in a dusty room and/or destroy and discredit the archaeologist that have tried to prove other wise. Academia is no longer not a free and open door willing to think outside the box. Historians have been rejected by the schools they teach at for trying to publish certain books. Archaeologists have admitted to only examining about 5% of the ocean floor.. and have not spent time in digging up most of the earth as they claim. The man just said it in relation to Caral Supe, they discovered it and never went back. But you ignored the fact that we cannot reproduce the technology or megalithic structures that is a mystery in itself but you can believe what you want.
Ancient lost civilizations are fun flights of fancy. Insisting they exist without evidence is dumb.
This guy was great and points out the reality of the archaeological field. It’s a dirty job that pays shit and most digs get ignored by the vast majority of the global population.
Someone has to pay for these digs, usually governments that would rather collect taxes on the land being surveyed.
There is no conspiracy, there is a lack of funds.
The man literally said Peru has hundreds of pyramids lol so what are you talking about
So they picked up massive stones and placed them with such precision to align perfectly with the solstice as their trash piles lol? What?
So no pyramids in Africa prior to 6,000 BCE? 8,000 yrs ago? Really?
yes really, its about time n8v americans got the credit they deserve, the truth always comes out and rises to the top
@@sebastianbenitez948 don’t say “yes really” have you done archeological research throughout the continent of Africa……nahhhhh
@@S_C_ have you?
@@DDGenes no. Did I make a statement of fact? Or just ask questions? You can’t prove otherwise either that there’s no pyramid structures in Africa older than 8-10 thousand years ago.
@@S_C_ i'd believe the expert in this video over you, a random youtube commenter
ALELU
The America's is what is left of Atlantis.
Put the drugs down bro
@PolishBehemoth when Cortez asked Montezuma where his people came from the answer was Atlan ti
you don't see a similarity in the name. then something is wrong with you
Has someone looked into possible connections between india and south america? I have heard of a theory connecting a character in Ramayana to the Candelebra of the Andes in Peru ( i cud be wrong with the location). The name of the king in Ramayana who is said to have gone to South America is named Virochana. Also native mexicans look so much like indians that i as an indian have been fooled before.
Um no... If anything the original Indigenous people of Indus valley region like the Tamil and Dravidians like everyone else came from Africa and are more closer to Ethiopians. The lighter skinned Indians came later due to the admixture from foreign populations from the northern Caucuses area. Also maybe a few lighter skinned Indians may look like some Mexicans but its rare that people get Mexicans and East Indians mixed up. How ever many East Indians can pass for Ethiopians or Black Americans. VP Kamala Harris is a prime example of this.
Lmao not the reason people were building pyramids.😂
Using AI for the Thumbnail sr? You broke?¡
I hate how he says “I think” like he came up with the idea it’s borderline common sense and we’ve know for thousands of years why people build pyramids. It was never a mystery to people who can critically think
And what’s that?
I have no idea what you're talking about. What is common sense about how pyramids are built?
@@rainbowodysseybyjonlion not how dumb ass, why it’s one of the most common structures built throughout the ancient world
First
wooooow 6000 bce ? ok my opinion on THIS guy has changed...:) between the flood and sumer
B.c.e. is so dumb. Its B.C.
Lex just seems dopey..not a very good interviewer. Bland, low energy, does not push back ever...Kinda like a quiet polite ROGAN...
I sometimes feel the podcast would be improved by taking him out. Just let this guy give a seminar to a stuffed doll.
Since the natives of the americas are tied to Asians... Does that mean latinos can make Asian jokes😂
I think this guy is a bit full of it. Not seeing much real analysis?
Fool! Misinformation. Ethiopia is the only cradle of civilization. Sudan played a huge role in the story. Clarify between the cradle of human civilization and the cradle of civilization for viewers.
Wow you know everything. What more is there to learn!
black fragility
@@jakubzneba1965you saying that shows your white fragility
@@jakubzneba1965you saying that shows your white fragility
White fragility
to talk about an advanced civilization in Peru, we should ask about language(in this case non existen?). Any scientific breakthroughs or atleast assimulation of it? Any mythology, poems,written word? I see nothing of that sort,just some guys building pyramids to get closer to the sun ,so that the sun god would see the ripped hearts and the blood spilled all over.?
i suggest all read book Mormon in book of ether for answers
I read it, and this giant salamander jumped out of the book and told me I needed to go get some magic underwear