There is an error present in the first section - it says something about the nucleus being mostly empty space with a concentrated mass in a small region called the nucleus. It should be saying atom is mostly empty space not nucleus?
Hi, firstly I want to say thank you for all the amazing videos you put out, they are really useful. I'm just curious to the absence of binding energy and E=mc^2 stuff in this summary video?
Hi, it's just Microsoft Whiteboard. It used to be amazing, however the latest version is quite heavy and intense on the memory, still pretty good though!
Questions: -when would you use atomic mass unit -how do you use it -is the radius constant 1.2fm required to be remembered (and is it the same for every element?)
atomic mass unit - sometimes in calculations the mass may be given in units of u, I would then convert it to kg. You may also be asked to define it. 1.2 fm , not required, typically you would need to work it out, however just in case I'd remember it, if nothing else, you'd be able to feel confident when you use it in a question.
Hi, is the size of the nucleus you calculated not the distance of closest approach since 'r' in coulombs law is the distance between the centres? @zphysics
Hi, I was confused about the part where you worked out the size of the nucleus. In the electric potential energy equation isn't r the separation between the 2 particles?
Hey again! Thanks for this video. Just wondering, do we need to know anything else about mesons and muons, or do we just need to know that mesons are hadrons and muons are leptons, and just be aware of their general existence aha. Thanks!
the answer depends slightly on your exam board? Have a look at your specification where it should say clearly. I would also add that hadrons interact with the strong nuclear force.
hi, just wondering if the classification of hadrons and leptons is something that can be in a large mark question or whether it is more just understanding examples of hadrons and leptons. Is the idea of strange quarks important too?
Very hard to answer this accurately as impossible to predict what may come up. At A Level beside basic properties of strange quarks I doubt much else could come up but you never know.
Hi, in the advanced specification for Tuesday's ocr paper 3 it mentions practical skills for nuclear and particle physics, would this be Rutherfords alpha scattering experiment?
when talking about the separation between two protons in a nucleus is it measured from the centre of each proton or from the outside of one proton to the other? (when i google the separation of two protons in a nucleus it gives me a value of 2x10^-15 m hence my confusion)
so due to quantum effects we can't really have that level of precision, as in reality we need to treat them as quantum mechanical objects which is beyond the a level spec but very interesting indeed
a lot of it is applicable to aqa, however aqa teaches a lot of it in the first year in more depth. I have a separate video for that: th-cam.com/video/bMuqbjHfnPk/w-d-xo.htmlsi=VAW5SktQvlFc0aTK If you are preparing for Paper 2 A Level, check out my binding energies and radioactivity videos. Good luck!
yep! If you see my playlist for the ones that can't I have AQA version, e.g. AQA particle physics and then the options here: th-cam.com/play/PLSygKZqfTjPB7h0saqGd1tJvDw6_r5BHb.html&si=Qc746hGZFH63bbjD
They are massless and chargeless particles that carry away extra energy, as well as conserving electron lepton number. An electron has a lepton number of +1, so needs an electron anti neutrino which has a lepton number of -1 to be emitted in order to cancel it out and conserve it, except when one of the input particles is an electron neutrino, therefore +1 = +1 and therefore it is conserved on both sides.
Even more so - there are a few further videos on Nuclear Physics and they are in order in this playlist: th-cam.com/play/PLSygKZqfTjPC3hJ7nRSnnXTw3tI_o67dR.html&si=6rHgXRRRKRuwlnz_ Hope this helps!
Excellent question! Nope, think of it, this way. Below 0.5 fm it needs to be repulsive so that two protons cannot be in the same space at the same time. Just above that - they are glued in the region. And above 3fm it drops to zero. Hope this helps!
@@zhelyo_physics ok thanks, I thought the strong force is the force that repels particles away from the nucleus and attracts the particle once it reaches a certain radius. But ig I should just talk abt electrostatic forces instead of strong force. It’s probably safer
Sir, how to solve this question- if a iodine-131 sample gives 85 counts per second what will be the rate at the end of 10 days? Please help. Thank you.
So this is very similar to the problem I solved here: th-cam.com/video/iRznL46qezw/w-d-xo.html In short - find the decay constant from the half life, then use the exponential decay equation. Also check out my entire video on radioactivity to understand the concepts well: th-cam.com/video/4MbxxtGBnhY/w-d-xo.html
@@zhelyo_physics ah thanks for your response, out of curiosity do you recommend product design or product design engineering at university. I want to be more employable due to engineering but at the same time my natural skillset lends itself to product design more. Thanks.
@@a.m.a.b147I don’t know the difference between those two but go with the one that gives you more experience in the field. Any job highly values experiences over a degree. Degree apprenticeships are most likely the best best option to be the most employableafter graduating.
at 0:53 did you mean atom or nucleus is mostly empty space ?
definitely did not mean nucleus : ) thanks for spotting!
probably the best paced physics channel, all the others are either so slow you fall asleep or so fast you miss everything before you even processed it
thank you so much!
Best a level physics TH-cam channel
Thanks a lot! Much appreciated!
I just finished my paper 2 for OCR A, feeling really confident, couldn't have done it without you!!
Fantastic to hear! Well done and thanks for the comment!
What did you get bro because I have 2 months left and im thinking of grinding this 2 week half term break 😟 but not sure if i can make it.......
There is an error present in the first section - it says something about the nucleus being mostly empty space with a concentrated mass in a small region called the nucleus. It should be saying atom is mostly empty space not nucleus?
Thanks for spotting this!
@@zhelyo_physics No problem!
Love this guy so much, thank you for making my revision so much better!
Haha anytime! Glad to hear this is helpful!
Awesome concepts!! Explained welll !! , Thanks !
Thank you so much for the comment!
Hi, firstly I want to say thank you for all the amazing videos you put out, they are really useful. I'm just curious to the absence of binding energy and E=mc^2 stuff in this summary video?
Thanks for the comment! I'll include it in a separate video.
th-cam.com/video/-Wr7ikqG4ms/w-d-xo.html now here
Hi Z, why does mass of proton ~ mass of neutron mean that the mass of a nucleon is proportional to nucleon number?
so let's say mass of a proton=mass of a netruon=m The total mass will then m_total=Am where A is the nucleon number. Hope this helps!
@@zhelyo_physics thank you.
what software do you use? it looks pretty good for notetaking
Hi, it's just Microsoft Whiteboard. It used to be amazing, however the latest version is quite heavy and intense on the memory, still pretty good though!
Questions:
-when would you use atomic mass unit
-how do you use it
-is the radius constant 1.2fm required to be remembered (and is it the same for every element?)
atomic mass unit - sometimes in calculations the mass may be given in units of u, I would then convert it to kg. You may also be asked to define it.
1.2 fm , not required, typically you would need to work it out, however just in case I'd remember it, if nothing else, you'd be able to feel confident when you use it in a question.
@@zhelyo_physics Ok great, thank you so much!!
@@oskarwitha_k8258 if you do OCR A yes you have to remember r nought
Hi, is the size of the nucleus you calculated not the distance of closest approach since 'r' in coulombs law is the distance between the centres? @zphysics
Yep! It's an approximation, not many ways to calculate/measure a very very dense femtometer.
@@zhelyo_physics Thank you so much, your videos are driving my revision today!
@@zhelyo_physics Thank you so much, your videos are driving my revision today!
Shouldn't anti electron neutrino be emitted instead of electron neutrino? So that the lepton number stays at 0 for both LHS RHS of the equation
Hi! I presume you mean the beta plus decay? The lepton number of the positron is -1 and the neutrino is +1, conserving lepton number.
@@zhelyo_physics Ohhhhhhhhh, I get it now, thanks again!
Hi, I was confused about the part where you worked out the size of the nucleus. In the electric potential energy equation isn't r the separation between the 2 particles?
yep, by finding the minimum distance you get an estimate for the size of the nucleus.
great video
Thanks a lot!
Hey again! Thanks for this video. Just wondering, do we need to know anything else about mesons and muons, or do we just need to know that mesons are hadrons and muons are leptons, and just be aware of their general existence aha. Thanks!
the answer depends slightly on your exam board? Have a look at your specification where it should say clearly. I would also add that hadrons interact with the strong nuclear force.
hi, just wondering if the classification of hadrons and leptons is something that can be in a large mark question or whether it is more just understanding examples of hadrons and leptons. Is the idea of strange quarks important too?
Very hard to answer this accurately as impossible to predict what may come up. At A Level beside basic properties of strange quarks I doubt much else could come up but you never know.
Hi, in the advanced specification for Tuesday's ocr paper 3 it mentions practical skills for nuclear and particle physics, would this be Rutherfords alpha scattering experiment?
Could be lots of things. I filmed some here: th-cam.com/video/1ADzhEEf0FY/w-d-xo.html
when talking about the separation between two protons in a nucleus is it measured from the centre of each proton or from the outside of one proton to the other? (when i google the separation of two protons in a nucleus it gives me a value of 2x10^-15 m hence my confusion)
so due to quantum effects we can't really have that level of precision, as in reality we need to treat them as quantum mechanical objects which is beyond the a level spec but very interesting indeed
hello sir does the weak nuclear force apply to all hadrons and leptons? or just baryons and leptons?
it acts on all quarks and leptons, so in this case both. : ) Hope this helps!
@@zhelyo_physics thank you
hi at 5:26 how does that value of d give an estimate for the size of the nucleus isn't d the seperation?
it was the first estimate. The shorted separation can be thought of as the size (or the distance to the centre). Hope this helps!
will r subscript naught be given to me in the question?
typically yes or you may have to calculate it. It's around 1.2 fm and the radius of hydrogen's nucleus
Is this in aqa or with aqa, os it in the opntipnal ones?
a lot of it is applicable to aqa, however aqa teaches a lot of it in the first year in more depth. I have a separate video for that: th-cam.com/video/bMuqbjHfnPk/w-d-xo.htmlsi=VAW5SktQvlFc0aTK If you are preparing for Paper 2 A Level, check out my binding energies and radioactivity videos. Good luck!
can these videos be applied well to the AQA specification?
yep! If you see my playlist for the ones that can't I have AQA version, e.g. AQA particle physics and then the options here: th-cam.com/play/PLSygKZqfTjPB7h0saqGd1tJvDw6_r5BHb.html&si=Qc746hGZFH63bbjD
@@zhelyo_physics thank you! love your videos
What does a neutrino do ?
They are massless and chargeless particles that carry away extra energy, as well as conserving electron lepton number. An electron has a lepton number of +1, so needs an electron anti neutrino which has a lepton number of -1 to be emitted in order to cancel it out and conserve it, except when one of the input particles is an electron neutrino, therefore +1 = +1 and therefore it is conserved on both sides.
Is there nuclear physics 2?
Even more so - there are a few further videos on Nuclear Physics and they are in order in this playlist: th-cam.com/play/PLSygKZqfTjPC3hJ7nRSnnXTw3tI_o67dR.html&si=6rHgXRRRKRuwlnz_ Hope this helps!
@@zhelyo_physics thank you so much
In my formula sheet my electric potential is Q/(4πεr) but you’ve put Qq/(4πεr). Is that right?
I am using electric potential energy which Qq/4πεr
@@zhelyo_physics oh oh course PE = QΔV it’s something different. Thanks a lot 😊
I’m 14:06 shouldn’t the force between 0.5fm and 3fm be repulsive and below 0.5fm it should be attractive?
In*
Excellent question! Nope, think of it, this way. Below 0.5 fm it needs to be repulsive so that two protons cannot be in the same space at the same time. Just above that - they are glued in the region. And above 3fm it drops to zero. Hope this helps!
@@zhelyo_physics ok thanks, I thought the strong force is the force that repels particles away from the nucleus and attracts the particle once it reaches a certain radius. But ig I should just talk abt electrostatic forces instead of strong force. It’s probably safer
Sir, how to solve this question- if a iodine-131 sample gives 85 counts per second what will be the rate at the end of 10 days?
Please help.
Thank you.
Are you given the half life of it in the question? If so find the decay constant, then use A=A0e^(-lamda*t)
@@zhelyo_physics half life of iodine is 8 days, so what is the initial amount? I am so confused..😥
So this is very similar to the problem I solved here: th-cam.com/video/iRznL46qezw/w-d-xo.html
In short - find the decay constant from the half life, then use the exponential decay equation.
Also check out my entire video on radioactivity to understand the concepts well: th-cam.com/video/4MbxxtGBnhY/w-d-xo.html
Sir, if A and Ao are in counts per second then t will be in seconds?
Sorry to ask silly questions..
correct! not a silly question
is this for edexcel?
Applicable to all exam boards but follows the OCR order of teaching
@@zhelyo_physics okay thank you!! so far the video is great :)
thanks a lot!
get a better mic please.
I have : ) check out my later videos. Thanks for the suggestion.
@@zhelyo_physics ah thanks for your response, out of curiosity do you recommend product design or product design engineering at university. I want to be more employable due to engineering but at the same time my natural skillset lends itself to product design more. Thanks.
@@a.m.a.b147I don’t know the difference between those two but go with the one that gives you more experience in the field. Any job highly values experiences over a degree. Degree apprenticeships are most likely the best best option to be the most employableafter graduating.