Big Mysteries: Extra Dimensions
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 พ.ค. 2024
- The weakness of gravity compared to the other subatomic forces is a real mystery. While nobody knows the answer, one credible solution is that gravity has access to more spatial dimensions than the other three known forces. In this video, Fermilab's Dr. Don Lincoln describes this idea, with the help of some very urbane characters.
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I started liking this guy, he explains perfectly.
I think so too...
Agree
@@RaffaCaboFrio
Absolutely!
I love his personality
Dessert for g@@tammylee8420
The editor achieves the perfect balance with the text on screen. Never obnoxious and always driving the important bits home. Very good job!
The billiard-sound dimension thing was pretty awesome !
1:39 very sneaky moves, barley noticed that the noble prize was gone!
SSHHHHHH
What Nobel Prize?
🤣🤣🤣🤣
Yes I like his style of explaining certain non-intuitive concepts, while frequently reminding us of how little the "experts" actually know. Look forward to more of his videos
I really like his lecturing techniques and is really helping on what I am personally working on during my free time
I never thought of gravity that way. Great video!
Dr Lincoln: Gravity is an incredibly weak force
Black hole: *am i a joke to you*
Thanks a lot for the subtitles in English, they make the google translator very easy for other languages.
Very interesting. Love the analogy of tight rope walkers, & the clarification of extra *physical*(!) dimensions apart from the Hollywood 'alternate reality' dimensions.
It nice when you can learn and fun at the same time.
I still can't get my head around the extra dimensions though, but this video was a big step in the right direction.
Great content! Perfect balance of humour and information!
Thanks for this! I love your humor! Keep it up!
I love his down to earth and excellent delivery about these topics. I'd love to see him on a panel with NdT and Brian Greene :)
That 8-ball analogy was the best I've heard for that concept. Great videos, happy to be subscribed. Veritasium
Interesting video…I love the illustrations to help explain the unfamiliar. All of our knowledge is firmly rested upon our experience and trying to explain something you've never experienced is quite difficult…especially if NO ONE has ever experienced it like these extra-dimensions. Great job Fermilab!! =o)
Thank you for considering and what you are thinking i will consider also.I have sent for Carlo Rovellis book and hopefully it gives me more insight on quantum foam.I am finishing a book by Rodger Penrose and will be reading Quest next week.I wish that i could get all these guys together in one room.Oh, and Stewart Hammeroff because he is aware of things that i have experienced and will understand relating to entanglement.Thank you Keira and Fermilab
Great as always!
Thank you for the videos. They are awesome.
thanks for the vid. You are always pedagogic and entertaining. Most example are pretty good (which i saw many other youtuber fail there)
Thanks a lot. Nice Video as always.
The Nobel Prize gold medallion is Beautiful ! Bravo Bravo Bravo👏 Sir 🎩
Oh man, I can't wait. This 3 dimensional reality thing with all its limitations is getting me down.
Getting better every time.
Thank you Don!
I love this channel.
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
I am SOLD on Doc Lincoln! Really superior explanations of very complex physical concepts without the “look how smart I can be” examples and deliberate smarty pants jargon. He beats Neil deGrasse Tyson and Michio Kaku at their own game!
And this video hits a grand slam. He takes the ant on a line example (perhaps borrowed from “Stranger Things” Upside Down World) and ADDS the twists and turns of the rope that the ant can access but we can’t.
PERFECT!!!
Perfect I say! THAT is the way to do it, Doc! Well done! (And yes, physicists are cool in ANY dimension.). (Loved the “steal the Nobel” shtick. Heh!)
I couldn't agree more! He is so didactic.
Doesn't gravity also affect time?
So, wouldn't the higher dimension be the time dimension?
I think in this case hes specifically talking about spatial dimensions not time ones.
Time won’t explain how gravity is so weak! Only extra spatial dimensions would explain it. Say our universe contains 11 dimensions according to M theory. So gravity is much stronger in other dimensions. Since our 3 dimensions is a small part of the 11, we should feel gravity weaker.
@@Jeon710 why would there be a need for 11 dimensions. If this wasn't wat would d effect be in the world
@hairline Wire if there wasn’t strings couldn’t vibrate in different ways to produce different particles with which we are created, everything is created. Nothing would exist.
Sorry @hairware Line
excellent video as always.
Im loving this channel
this is a very good channel............ I really like the videos..
Excellent video!
7:12 what you could have said to help us understand is postulate a billiard table (again) but with a metal sheet above it, reflecting the sound waves. The waves decrease in strength by a factor of r, not r^2, since the waves are constrained to almost 2 dimensions. These smaller dimensions within atoms offered by loop quantum gravity are analogous in almost every possible way, don't you think?
Loved this one.
I wish these videos could be much longer.
Can you guys make a video on the recent paper on gravitational waves disproving large scale extra dimensional space?
I like the idea of curled up dimensions. It led me to think the universe might be an enormous doughnut with each dimension curled up on a different scale.
Whose Nobel Prize is that???
jesusthroughmary that might be a replica
Probably this guy's
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman
belongs to me...I wondered were it was....
Wow ! I get real understanding in ur video
Don, I really love you and your videos 😘
Awesome … thank you … !
More people should subscribe to this channel, it's great!
Request video : supergravity. Thanks for considering this.
Hi! I like, the video and the comments. I'm wondering, about the size of a "dimension" how does someone says it is big or small?
If a dimension is linear it’s normally infinite, but if it is eg. circular - angle like - it’s finite. Angles can’t go past 360 degrees, without revisiting previous covered places. And those circles that describe the angles can be small, as in loop quantum gravity theory.
The music at the beginning and the end excites me
Don has a great ability to explain happenings to the lay person like myself.
To my present day knowledge, did the LIGO readings on gravitational waves, debunk the idea of additional "big" spatial dimensions?
Just found this video. Really liked the explanation of curled up dimensions! I imagine that physicists have thought in great depth exactly what a dimension really is? I used to create multi dimensional databases and in order for a database to hold different values there had to be dimensions for those values. On that basis I would expect there to be dimensions for all the different properties of the universe. Because If you are using dimensions to define a point in space surely you must define it's location and time and the strengths of all the different fields, gravitational, electrical etc. Otherwise you have not described that point in space completely.
6:33 "20th of a millimeter." Recently, I actually tried (unsuccessfully) finding tests/experiments with gravity on the smallest scale. Anybody know of any links? What are the confounding factors with doing tests at submillimeter (and smaller) scales?
Very clear explanation. Hope the upgraded LHC finds new physics.
Could you please explain the dynamic theory of gravity
Can the other 'forces' have an effect on time in a similar way that gravity does with regards to relativity?
If time is another dimension and the strong, weak and electromagnetic 'forces' are found to not induce an effect on time then it would mean that gravity does act in one more dimension than the other forces and could hence explain its weakness.
4:47 That makes so much sense... The energy detectable in the flat surface is exponentially less that the sphere the sound travels. Inflate that up to other dimensions and the real energy of gravity could be immense!
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together.
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String Theory was not a waste of time. Geometry is the key to Math and Physics.
What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles?
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)
The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.
Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.
Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
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Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. We know there is an unequal distribution of electrical charge within each atom because the positive charge is concentrated within the nucleus, even though the overall electrical charge of the atom is balanced by equal positive and negative charge.
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In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
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How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
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Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?
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I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist. The model grew out of that simple idea.
I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.
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awesome video
An update of any progress would be interesting.
this dude...I just love him
Question:
Gravity moves EQUALLY in ALL directions you said, then why do a black hole/neutron star/magnetar have an accretion disk where it seems that everything gets pulled towards the equator of a black hole/neutron star/magnetar but not the poles? Or do we simply misrepresent the picture we took of a black hole, because I can clearly see a dark middle and a luminous ring around it... Or is it electromagnetism that causes the accretion disk and not gravity? Are we oversimplifying the effects of gravity when it comes to very dense stars? I mean, not everything is ferro-magnetic, for example we can levitate a frog with magnets.
Isn't gravity influence time as well? Do the other forces do this as well? If not: Could that be the difference?
Maybe three smaller spatial dimensions in planck volume, which planck volumes spread out in each of the three larger dimensions of space, for nine dimensions of space moving through one dimension of time (10D space-time block universe)?
Half the time when I play pool, i accidentally shoot the ball off the table. What you talking 2 dimensions 🥰
I have already solved the problem of weak gravity in my book, The Physics Rebellion, page 22, in which I reconcile the 4.2 times ten to the 42 differential between gravity and electrons. The key is the Larson postulate that gravity is three dimensional inward motion and electricity is one dimension outward motion plus the fact that the conventional reference system cannot distinguish between inward and outward scalar motion.
Okay maybe I am dumb, is gravity the curvature of space caused by mass/energy and thus not a force but an emergent property or is it an actual force?
Question: what contradicts finite but non-looping dimensions?
Sorry I did not see this sooner. Once again I hear someone conjecturing about "smaller dimensions" and once again I must ask for clarification on the concept of a dimension having magnitude. My understanding of dimensions is that they have direction but not size. A few related questions come to mind like "smaller than what?" or "What is the size of our normal dimensions in space?". Indeed, the concept of a size that one might measure seems inexorably linked to the concept of dimensions, so it feels a bit circular to try to impart a concept of size to a dimension that is not measured in dimensional units.
Thought: What if iur universe has small temporal dimensions? Could that explain why extremely small objects seem to be able to be in more than one place at a time?
Fantastic
So, if gravity works on more than three dimensions, but electromagnetism doesn't, does that mean that there are extrademensional forces we aren't aware of? In others words, if the three other forces are limited, could there be forces that don't interact with the three dimensions we experience? Just curious.
Could there be a fifth quantum gravity dimension which is timeless because of Einstein theory of time dilation?
Don, here's something exciting. Mathematics of quantum computing functions are infinite dimensional and are represented on a sphere. Remember stereographic projection on Riemann sphere, where the poles are the positive and negative infinities. Similarly QC function is represented on a sphere where the latitudes and longitudes can be divided into infinitely small parts, called cubits in information/holographic theories, providing a basis to tackle 'complexity' and self-error correcting QC, with algorithm unknown.
What would be the effects of gravity having an effect in extra dimensions? I assume that it would be some observable effect in the three (or four) dimensions we experience.
No you are misunderstanding me. It would have to be an effect other than gravity being weak. These extra dimensions exist. Okay so what? Something happens in one of them. There should be some observable *change* in the dimensions we know, or the theory is just hogwash good for nothing.
I'm assuming they have an answer to this question.
Thanks for the simple. I've wondered about gravity being a galactic phenomenon. Both galaxies and solar systems are disk shaped. That suggests they have magnetic poles. At the center, + energies are ejected and immediately attracted to the - energies and vice versa. An energy ejected from one pole is instantly attracted to the other and solar systems form where the + and - meet and the process continues with planets and their moons. This is the Zero or neutral point since the joining of the + and - = 0. It's possible the galaxy itself started at a rip in the fabric of space/time.
the reason the term "dimension" is so confusing: The term does literally mean a direction perpendicular to all other cardinal directions. But in science fiction, the idea was presented of worlds that are literally parallel to our own, but inaccessible due to being separated from us by a higher dimension. Thus, we would say that world, be it Narnia, Phase or Xanth, is in the fourth dimension. That led to the worlds themselves being referred to as dimensions.
In the case of alternate realities, the same thing applies, except that instead of spacial dimensions, we are now talking about temporal dimensions. Alternate timelines, at least in speculative fiction, exist in a temporal dimension perpendicular to past and future.
Then, of course, there is the dimension of reality, which is more a matter for metaphysics than physics, but the same thing applies. There is a vertical reality dimension and a horizontal one, and the various worlds therein have come to be called dimensions for this reason as well.
But for the record, while referring to a realm, timeline or reality as a dimension is common parlance, it is scientifically incorrect.
We know that alternate timelines aren't a thing because the idea of Feynman having been a dork is inconceivable.
Extra dimensions are special cases for time loops. Never can you get out except a few.
Gravity: Hey nerd, let go of the magnet and then we'll see who's stronger
Don, I am a big fan.
Doesn´t gravity also affect time, because of relativity?
The reward to figuring that out IS figuring that out.
The subtle jokes in this video are on point
So these dimensions loop back on themselves after a very short distance... Wouldn't this imply the large dimensions of 3-space also are likely to do this?
thank you very thank you
Awesome Cool Video
is it related to the fact that electric and magnetic fields have polarity and gravity does not appear to?
Hmm
One day I will be one of your colleagues, Dr. Don Lincoln...
I actually wish him that Nobel price. He can explain very imaginative
thanks for video
I think there is some very basic differences between a magnet and gravity. Gravity applies to all, regardless whether it is made of iron or not, whereas magnet can only attract iron or something made out of an iron. You cannot imagine magnet can also attract a tree or a stone, not even copper object. So, how to qualify magnetic force is stronger than gravity when it is only applicable to something with iron content?
Wow really? You have missed the entire point! Gravity is a weak force and can be overcome very easily if not you would be stuck to the earth and couldn't move since that isn't the case I can't attract a stone or a tree but I can overcome the gravitational pull of the earth quite easily, you on the other hand have a problem pulling your head out of you're arse/blackhole since it's gravity is too strong and you are too weak minded!!
I tend to agree with the multiple dimensions idea. And not just for gravity, but all the matter and energy we've observed. If all energy, matter, forces etc are simply multidimensional things, then maybe the way those things interact with our 3D universe is why we interpret them differently. Dark matter and dark energy could simply be something that doesn't exist in our 3 dimensions.
Does it have to be an extra dimension of space can it be a dimension in time
So if gravity is weak at the 3D scales we are familiar with, yet strong in those minute extra dimensions, does this explain the immense gravitation pull of a black hole. It's so small that those extra dimensions have leaked through to our 3D scale.
Is a black hole a 4th dimension hole in a 3D space? So gravity should has its effect in (at least) 4 dimensional space... or not?
Asking for strength of an interaction. Isn't it the question for the amount of a charge in the first place? So the question would be, why have elementary particles masses far smaller than Planckmass..?
Wait is he really tightrope walking? I immediately assumed it was an effect but the slack line moves so intricately, and you can see the shadows of his feet..
cool stuff
So if this is correct, we can also Assuming dark matters are gravitational field from other dimension and radiate to our dimension
If gravity can apply to more dimensions, maybe dark matter is matter from those extra dimensions, and only its gravity interacts with our own 3 dimensions?
Does gravity exist in extra dimensions of time as well as space at once while the other forces exist within three dimensions of space?
So the force... Is it cause or an effect?