Pentaquarks
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 17 ส.ค. 2015
- Scientific research isn’t always simple; in fact, it’s often like rummaging around an unfamiliar room in the dark while wearing a blindfold. Under such conditions, it is inevitable that we have to make guesses about what we encounter. Sometimes those guesses turn out to be right and sometimes they don’t.
This kind of exploratory research is especially true at the very frontier of human understanding and a recent announcement at the LHC about a new form of matter called pentaquarks exemplifies this sort of investigation. The history of the search for pentaquarks involves previous observations that eventually faded under the light of more study. So what’s the deal with this recent announcement? Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln tells us of the history of this interesting possible particle and gives us an idea of what we can expect in the near future. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Thanks for the video. The existence of the pentaquark with two up quarks, a down quark, a charm quark, and an anti-charm quark was confirmed back in August 2016.
Wouldn't a charm quark and an anti-charm quark immediately annihilate?
@@Breathingdeeper only if they collide
Thanks, I was going to ask exactly that question.
@@Breathingdeeper that's why accelerators speed particles to almost the speed of light. These particles are so short lived that we need to speed them to almost the speed if light to observe them.
@@soliel5680 bro i knew that but it made **click** again!
Thanks tho
"This is all fairly garden variety stuff"
Man, you have an interesting garden.
I came for the pentaquark and left with a better understanding of how science is done. Much love Fermilab
I love this channel! Thank you guys for the great honest science and the enthusiasm. I'm working towards my masters in particle physics and this channel is a continuous inspiration. Keep the videos and science coming!
Thanks so much Don and the Fermilab broadcasting team for such great content.
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
I am very grateful that your channel exists. It is refreshing to finally find a science heavy channel that speaks to other scientists.
Interesting video! Please keep video such as this coming!
Thanks for sharing!
Many questions were stuck in my mind for years and I'm now getting the answers ... I glad I found this channel
Respect
A great talk, as usual. Especially good to bring up how scientific approach goes. A few questions: 1) Are pentaquarks the largest hadrons being expected to be able to form? Could there be a hexaquark, ie. with three quarks and three antiquarks? 2) I recall reading from somewhere that quark-composed particles are actually in a state of great fluctuation, pairs of quarks constantly appearing and annihilating one another. Is this what goes under the hood?
Excellent video on the possibility of pentaquarks.
I love these videos. Learn so much all around watching them. Keep up the good work in explaining these works for us.
This man gives me life.
❤️
I thought it was your mom
Excellent video. Thank you. Please keep making more.
I'm going to cool down my brain by watching the Three Stooges!
Seriously.
P.S. Keep up the great work, y'all. :)
Love these videos, please keep em coming!
Excellent video. This is really more to do with the scientific process that it is to do about the quarks themselves. I think that this kind of science education is important. Keep up the good work.
Thanks very much,pentaquarks
Wow
Grettings from México.
Very interesting and eye opening.
Excellent video
Hooray for the scientific method!
Awesome video!
I have a question: How can a particle contain regular matter and antimatter quarks? I thought matter and antimatter annihilate on contact.
They didn't say a thing about their lifespan. So I think they do.
only matter that corresponds to antimatter will decay through annihilation. an up and anti up quark will annihilate, however an up and an anti strange quark will not annihilate. however, both combinations are unstable. the up and anti up quark combination will disappear faster than the up and anti strange quark.
You can have a meson, like a neutral pion, which constitutes of a quark and its corresponding anti-quark (more precisely, it's a quantum combination of two states: up/anti-up pair, and down/anti-down pair). It very quickly decays, usually into a pair of photons. (The difference is: neutral pion decays by elecromagnetic force, while charged pion - up/anti-down or down/anti-up depending on whether it's a positive or a negative pion - decays by weak force; that's why the lifetime of a charged pion is significantly longer.)
You can also have positronium - a bound state of an electron and a positron, which also eventually decays into photons (and compared to subatomic particles, it's stable for ages).
As usual.. awesome video.. great information...not dumbed down too much... good stuff... looking forward to it...
Question: I thought matter and antimatter annialate each other? How do the quarks and anti quarks combine without annialating each other?
NeonsStyle - "Question: I thought matter and antimatter annialate each other? How do the quarks and anti quarks combine without annialating each other?" This is the same question I had when I watched the video. Hopefully, Dr. Lincoln or one of his associates will respond to this question [hint, hint, please?]?
+NeonsStyle I think it could be caused by color charge. Eg you can have 2x green up, red down blue charm, and magenta (anti-green) anti-charm. If charm quarks annihilated rest wouldn't be neutral (white). But that pentaquark is not stable. If up and charm quarks switch colors by exchanging gluon, charm could annihilate.
NeonsStyle This might help you understand profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/largehadroncolliderfaq/whats-a-proton-anyway/
thankyou
NeonsStyle I completely agree, an excellent video. And to answer you question, Anti-matter and matter only annihilate when they come into contact so if they physically touch, not if they're bonded together. Sci-fi series like star trek, star wars, red dwarf and many others have exadurated the idea of this.
----> excellent
As usual, too much cooooool!!!!!!
6:33 Watch it, there! The 3 Stooges weren't amateurs, either! They were trio of professional world-class comedians.
You might almost say they were The 3 Quarks!
Dr. Don Lincoln does a great job dumbing this stuff down close to my neanderthal level of understanding. thanks!
Quakitechture is really fascinating. Is there any information on the life and stability of the particle assemblies? Such discoveries provide more information to explore string theory models with. I would be expecting the second possibility to be more probable, and it fits better with my thought experiment where energy is far more dynamic than the vibrating string concept.
As always, an excellent presentation. Dr. Lincoln refers to quarks and anti-quarks but, aren't we taught that when anti-matter comes in contact with matter that they instantly annihilate each other? I'm assuming that my confusion is over the nomenclature being used? How is it that a quark and anti-quark can combine without instant annihilation?
ScienceNinjaDude posted on another comment about the same question - They do, but only if they are identical. A matter up quark annihilates with an antimatter up quark very quickly. A matter up quark will coexist forever with an antimatter down quark.
Well, not forever...the weak force changes the identity of particles...but the basic idea is sound.
+David Duvall Not a nuclear physicist. But I would guess that there are internal repulsive forces, that prevent them from coming in contact.
David Duvall a quark has addition degree of freedom (the colors), which can give many combination of a quark and antiquark pair. So here, the color flavors might not be appropriate for the annihilation.
just thought..... i'm not an expert... even don't belong to this field.
David Duvall Annihilation only occurs when a particle reacts with its own anti particle (for example an up quark and an anti down quark wouldn't annihilate). In this case however, the particles in question were a charm and an anti charm quark, so your question is well founded.
The answer lies in the fact that on the quantum level the concept of two particles "coming into contact" doesn't really exist in the conventional sense. Particles in quantum mechanics are best described as wave functions, which are basically probability distributions that describe how likely it is to find a particle in a particular place at a certain point in time. When the wave functions of the two particles gain a significant overlap you can then calculate the probability of them "colliding" (and in this case annihilating) after given time. Therefore they don't necessarily annihilate right away, meaning that the particle definitely can exist until then. In other words, the particle exists but is really unstable and will decay with a certain half life.
Keep in mind that I have only studied quantum mechanics for about a year, so you should probably take what I say with a grin of salt unless someone more experienced can confirm this explanation.
David Duvall Quantum Chromodynamics!!! Quarks and anti quarks can exist together as mesons, if their colors are different. Eg: Blue Charm Quark and Green Anti Charm Quark, which won't annihilate when in contact.
Reference: physics.info/qcd/
can you make an update video about pentaquarks and other older videos?
Would it be possible to do some videos with these kinds of graphics but material more suitable for people who already know the 101 level stuff? It's also fascinating getting to know more about how we believe we know things, even how the sensors work, ya know?
Awesome : )
hello fermilab, do you have any advice on how to grow my physics channel? also good job in your vids
"This is one question for which the answer will become clear in the next months and possibly a year or two; and when we know, we'll let you know."
[Looks at watch]
I have a question about the configuration of Quarks
Are there any rules which kinds of quarks are necessary to build a proton, neutron or something else?
Thank you
Protons are made of two up quarks, and one down quarks, while neutrons have it the other way around (2 down, 1 up).
The reason that this are the only particles that build baryonic matter is that any other configuration of quarks is not nearly as stable.
I don't know why other types of particles involving just up and down quarks are not stable (www.quora.com/Are-there-any-particles-that-contain-3-up-quarks-or-3-down-quarks although this might help), I know that particles involving the other quarks aren't stable because the other quarks are too massive, so they quickly decay into other particles.
If you are asking if there are other configurations of quarks that can create protons/neutrons, well I don't think so becuase the proproties of each type of quark are unique, but this is up for the rules of quantum chromodynamics and the standard model decide.
So if baryons have 3 valence quarks and a whole bunch of quark-antiquark pairs and gluons, why does having a charm-anticharm pair make it a pentaquark? Won't it just be part of the stuff that binds the valence quarks together?
Or is it because the color charges of the ups and downs don't balance? What I mean is, for example, the ups are red, the down is blue, the charm is green, and the anticharm is antired.
We love him!
Absolute certainty isn't possible? Are you absolutely certain about that?
thefaith01 No, of course I could be wrong about that...and that...and that, ad infinitum. :)
maybe
Absolutely not
LHC energizes several protons and one of them (uud) had it's energy (~2.56GeV) convert into mass (charm/anti-charm pair) while it hit the detectors. This high mass-energy proton was perhaps perceived as the penta-quark (uud+cC) in this video.
Crazy how much of this evolved over my lifetime. It felt like all of it, because i started knowing nothing as a kid, but still. Its soo cool. Too bad my time is finite, and i wont be able to study everything i want to. Atleast ill learn quantum mechanics after i get my CS degree and learn AI.
Are top and bottom quarks into S&M?
Does anyone one know what the book at 6:00 is?
Particle Data Group book
verification is the highest form of trust !
could you create a video for double slit experiment? :)
@simonO712 once the meson decays into e and neutrino these are are stable particles and so the ORIGINAL quark pair no longer exists,. That is, Electrons are fundamental (not composed of quarks) and so are neutrinos (as far as we know them at present). Yes, Meson are created by only in high energy interactions, cosmic rays and or artificially in accelerators. I didn't say that Mesons no longer exist I was referring to a particular singular decay as an example.
Dr. Lincoln, what happens if you smash two particles say two protons at 1/2 speed of Light? and at 1/4, 1/10, 1/30... ?
Not much, generally. The interesting question is "what is the combined impact speed of 2 particles travelling at near-c?", because the answer is c. It is the "leftover energy" of such collisions that makes the creation of new particles possible. This is why we want to keep building larger colliders, to have more leftover energy, and thus produce new, more massive particles that we could not otherwise observe at all
We found em’!!!
Could anything that is discovered at the LHC be replicated elsewhere? I would guess not since the LHC is the most powerful particle accelerator on earth. How would we deal with something that cannot be replicated elsewhere?
I like your question. My response would be that multiple LHCs are cost prohibitive so we can't do this YET. Future instruments will likely both verify AND increase the accuracy of measurements.
You technically don't have to replicate them ELSEWHERE. It's also possible to replicate it the LHC but after one of its upgrades. This helps verify that it wasn't an accident. Also, in many cases smaller detectors can detect some of these things but with out a more powerful detector like the LHC to tell them what to look for, they wont notice anything. So since they have specific result to try and verify, they can look for it at a smaller detector (possibly, it's not always possible).
It definitely needn't be replicated somewhere else. CERN does all the replication necessary to prove something already. They essentially have to see the same thing a bajillion times before they say it's been confirmed.
It is true but they dont use all the power of the accelerator in every collision, they just use it when they are trying to find something wich requires it. As an example you can think of a car, even thoug it could reach 200 km/h, you hardly ever drive it at that speed ( or at least I hope so) because you do not need to do it.
Every LHC operation generates many billions (at least) of collisions, which I believe might reach the "replicability" requirement to most peoples satisfaction
What forces would bind these quarks into an atomic molecule?
Has anyone tried weighing work to see if it can be measured in tons?
Please make more videos about ongoing researches, but include more math so we can better understand what is going on
But would the colors of Θ+ balance each other? Or it can be unbalanced?
Where are the updates to these lectures?
Did you follow up on this pentaquark discovery?
i am a laymen, so please forgive me if this is a stupid question but, how can an anti-matter partical exsist "in the same bag, so to speak" as its matter counter part, or with any matter, with out annihilating each other?
They can exist together if they are different types, so like a up quark and a anti down quark will not annihilate.
I can only imagine the time when we will have such device to make new matters out of pentaquarks.... Wowww
But I won't be alive to see the day...
More up-to-date stuff on the Pentaquark:-
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentaquark
So, it's been 2 years, has it been conformed or rejected yet??
How can the charm and anti-charm coexist?
Wait won't the quark and antiquark cancel (annihilate) each other
What exactly causes pentaquarks to decay? Does anyone know?
Is it possible these poly-quarks have something to do with SUSY?
what is/ are implications of pentaquarts? in other words why should we bother about them?
They would allow the strong force to be studied in greater detail. Also, while this is all currently in the realm of sci-fi, it has been theorised that in the far future we could create whole new periodic tables of elements with entirely different properties using pentaquarks and other exotic baryons.
Charlie Blackett Which aren't stable enough to last longer then a second.
What the fuck is so interesting on the ground that we should climb down the trees.
Whats so special about wheels when i can carry things on my shoulders.
In the moment nothing, it helps to understand and discover the world. The first experiments with electricity had no practical use at all, but our whole civilisation is now unthinkable without.
They are one puzzle stone in understanding quantum physics. And QP allready has great influence on our daily life. Modern electronics couldn't reach todays level without. Nulear medicine is helping cancer treatment.
do we know the answer yet??
what is the book shown at 5:58? Thanks!
Probably Particle Data Group or Chinese Physics C
Shouldn't the antiquark and regular quark annihilate?
Jonathan Dick no because they are bound in different places so they cannot interact in such a way fot their annihilation to occur
Science however is very interesting. 60 seconds is a good channel too
Did I imagine this, or did the quarks used to be named up, down, charm, strange, beauty and truth?
Si Wilson: Mandela Effect! Seriously, the names were used by some, but eventually lost out to top and bottom.
We're now over a year further. Any proof of existence?
well would it be wonderful if the strong charges are named quas, wex, and exort
let me start from something to understand this, in classical newtonian physics when a anti particle meets a particle it anilahtes each other, so i have to assume that in quantum physics that does not occur because you are showing a particle made up of other subatomic particles which are opposites as in quarks and anti-quarks
Annihilation is a process of quantum mechanics anyway. And the quark and the anti-quark do annihilate each other - eventually. For example, the neutral pion (consisting of either an up/anti-up pair, or a down/anti-down pair - really, it's a quantum combination of both the two states) will very quickly decay (using electromagnetic force), usually into a pair of photons. On the other hand the charged pion (positive pion is up/anti-down, negative pion is down/anti-up) decays by weak force (usually into a muon), and its lifetime is longer by several orders of magnitude (though still a fraction of a second).
How can one duplicate an experimental results that works in the realm of Uncertainty Principle?
Statistical analysis.
Whats up with the subtitles? please check
Sorry for being an ignorant but I just wonder... How do they detect those particles or measure its live time???
Look up the Large Hardron Collider.
Why don't you mention that the three baryonic quarks are valence quarks. There are actually many more quarks in the baryon but only the valence quarks determine the baryon.
+lohphat Presumable to stay on topic, simplify and save time.
6:00 Book name??
why quarks and antiquarks do not annihilate but form a meson?
Masons are very short lived
0:22, Ah, but is that absolutely certain?
If you go to SixySymbols channel and search for pentaquarks youll see thay theyve have found them and theyve found 2 different kinds if memory serves. Sorry i couldnt provide a link. Im on my phone
but won't there be a leftover color charge inside a pentaquark?
well turns out it won't
What are the consequences if it truly is a pentaquark? What can it tell us?
Dielectric Hyperboloid resonating between Space and Counterspace.
any wagers on this one?
Por favor, poner sub títulos a los videos
The mystery is the two that are not for Muster Mark.
Where can we find panta quark in atom?
Its not
5:10 a maps eye ?
I have a question. What good, outside of the knowledge that quarks do exist, can come from this knowledge.
Tetraquarks HAVE been discovered, the X(5568)
Hi,
It's really interesting stuff, but, in recording the video, it's really important to at least mention the dates of your research.
I'm thinking this must be a new discovery when in fact its 5 years old on 5th march 2020 when this youtube video reached me.
You know that you can just look at the date the video was uploaded, right? I mean, even just looking at the top comments you can see how old they are.
In the immortal words of Ronald Regan:
"What's my name again, and are we having chocolate pudding for afters?"
So yea neutrons are really interesting particles
2:55 quark should not be magenta here. Cyan and magenta do not give white together...
Dear Dr LincolnCan I send you a comment?ThanksAbraham Sternlieb
So... What's the happs? Was it a pentaquark?
I’m confused
Couldn't a pentaquark be 1 quark and 4 antiquarks too?
Sure, that's an anti-pentaquark.
With new data in 2019...
Its confirmed... Pentaquark exists...
So... a quark isn't matter? And an anti quark isn't antimatter?