Complex Dark Matter
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 เม.ย. 2015
- After a century of study, scientists have come to the realization that the ordinary matter made of atoms is a minority in the universe. In order to explain observations, it appears that there exists a new and undiscovered kind of matter, called dark matter, that is five times more prevalent than ordinary matter. The evidence for this new matter’s existence is very strong, but scientists know only a little about its nature. In today’s video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln talks about an exciting and unconventional idea, specifically that dark matter might have a very complex set of structures and interactions. While this idea is entirely speculative, it is an interesting hypothesis and one that scientists are investigating.
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No doubt scientists in the dark galaxies are wondering where the missing 5% of their matter is.
But those dark galaxies are not as urgent as we are trying to find the missing 85% of the matter of our universe.
@@davidroberts1689 You're right. The dark galaxy scientists are only mildly interested why they can't account for 5% of matter in their galaxy.
Definitely my favourite T-shirt so far 😂
"If we knew what we were doing it wouldn't be called research, would it?"
Another excellent presentation by Dr. Lincoln. Thank you!
Don you do a great job explaining these ideas. It's a pleasure listening to your talks.
This is one of my favorite episodes. How is it that TH-cam is only just now suggesting that I watch it after all these years?
"He received a Ph.D. in experimental particle physics from Rice University in 1994. In 1995, he was a co-discoverer of the top quark.[2] He has co-authored hundreds of research papers, and more recently, was a member of the team that discovered the Higgs boson in 2012."
Lincon is indeed the greatest science youtuber.
Beautiful explanation of what dark matter might be! Really like your videos, Fermilab.
This is one of the most amazing videos I've ever seen. Keep up the good work
Reference??
***** Thanks, awesome, I will check this out :)
One of Dr. Lincolns better videos, in my humble opinion. I like to hear the reasons behind the hypotheses and why it rules out certain possibilities as he has done here.
This John Q Public would like to express his profound respect for Dr. Lincoln. THANKS!!! AWESOME CHANNEL!!!!
I didn't even know there WERE satellite galaxies
That's probably because you live in the northern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere, there are two fuzzy spots in the sky that are known as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. These are small, irregular satellite galaxies that are visible to the naked eye.
christosvoskresye wow
Neither did I know about 'satellite galaxies', what I found interesting is the 'perpendicular' arrangement of some of the galaxies, while some are parallel to the plane of the disk of the milky way (perpendicular to the perpendicular galaxies).
I smell the involvement of complex numbers i and i^2 (!!??).
After all the physical world is more mathematical.
And I didn't know galaxies being disk-like was a result of electric charge. 5:20
Well, not really. Although without electromagnetism it would not be disc like. Remember heat is also electromagnetism.
On a dark-matter planet a dark-matter alien is looking up at the sky, wondering what that invisible berionic matter is.
+EE Ehrenberg, Except dark matter alien hasn't even discovered light matter universe because it is such a tiny component. Remember, we only just discovered the dark component, even though it is 96% of everything. Imagine if the tables were turned. You lived, breathed, and swam in the 96%. It would take some very sensitive equipment to determine that your dark galaxy was a little bit less spherical than it should be, or that something funny was happening near the equator of your galaxy.
@@onehitpick9758 most of the dark matter mass comes WIMPS. And those will be dark for the Dark alien as well.
So our hypothetical dark alien will still see that 96% of the universe is dark, wouldn't he?
@@onehitpick9758 You're assuming that all dark matter is the same. Maybe there are many different types of it, and every type sees all other types as dark matter.
@@ChinnuWoW I wasn't necessarily assuming this, but this is a good point.
@@Dkamenev WIMPS are just one candidate, and if so, the DM alien could have sensors tuned for WIMPS. What are hard to detect in our realm could be everyday "bright light" in theirs. It's kind of like regular matter being bubbles in a pervasive fluid. As voids, we can't see the fluid directly, but the fluid sure can.
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
Very good presentation by Dr thanks for uploading.
I really like your clips … thanks again … !
Love this wee show... Do one on the faster than light cosmic rays I can't remember exactly what was going on but I think it was a relativistic querk
Always well presented and interesting. Thank you. Raphael Santore
Does E = MC2 apply to dark matter as well?
This guy is who needs to do all Fermi videos on here, he is easy to follow and watch
This seems to be the theory proposed in "Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs", or at least very similar. A really good, informative and interesting read.
6:11 - thanks, that's actually a great idea! _Science fiction writers, you got work to do!_
good stuff and very sound in explanation
For a long time I was a fan of modified gravity over dark matter. I like to understand gravity as a natural force of the cosmos wanting to be empty and attempting to push all matter out of it's way; Not exactly a force of matter wanting to pull other matter into it. This kind of generally explains both why "dark matter" holds galaxies together as well as why "dark energy" is pushing galaxies apart.
I know there's been attempts at creating theories based on these principals; however when you figure out a formula for one galaxy, it doesn't quite fit with another. Recently I've been thinking; why not both? What if galaxies had variable amounts of wimps and other dark matter entities but not nearly as much as much as our modern understanding of gravity would predict.
Dark charges are another interesting wrinkle; makes me think about other possible unknown variables. It will give me something to think about on my evening run. Thanks!
How did they get those percentage. Explain the full and complete concept.
Seriously this channel is underrated
if everything have opposite particle what is dark matter opposite particle. I cannot find answer anywere no matter is much i ask. Second, is gravity dark energy opposite?
"Plato's Field Theory", exactly. Space-Inertial plane-Counterspace.
Dark matter is in Counterspace.
In Counterspace, the highest energy is near the nucleus, not the lowest.
Every dark matter vortex is connected to every matter vortex. At their Inertial plane, connecting into a hyperboloid, between Space and Counterspace. I liked the last idea the best. A little of the other 2.
Dark energy is magnetism/Birkeland currents. Magnetism gives Magnitude to the Universe.
Birkeland currents holds everything together.
Stars are created when Birkeland currents short across Space and Counterspace. Leaving a hyperboloid between Space and Counterspace. Monopoles in Stars in Space and Counterspace.
When you say dark charge, do you mean a charge in the complexe number? Like a charge of i and -i.
I know this isn't on topic with the video, but is there any possible way to manipulate the Higg's field artificially? Like, hypothetically? Could the Higgs field be bent around certain objects to make them seem mass-less, and pretty much negate inertia? Or am I misunderstanding the Higgs field?
cortster12 As I understand it, if you were to say manipulate the Higg's field to make things mass-less then the electrons would fly away from their nucleus and the matter would atomize (particalize?). Even if you were to reduce it's effect by half, you would be effecting these atoms on the particle level and transmuting it's properties. Not simply reducing it's mass.
cortster12 It would be nice, but sorry, we will have to wait a little longer for our hyperdrive. As i208khonsu points out below, affecting the mass of a particle would effectively destroy it, or it would become something else.
+cortster12 I think I get what you're asking. Higgs field, bah blah blah. At this stage, we dont really know if the Higgs field is the Higgs field yet, more research needs to be done. Going with what you're saying though, Yes, I think it can. What we lack is the technolgy to do so. I have great faith in the fact that one day humans will learn to create a relative, localised, field of gravity, whilst being able to ignore any other gravities around it. Once we can do that, travel amongst the stars will be the norm, not a dream. We arent that far away.... In an infinite universe there are infinite possibilites..... Can we do it? Oh hell yes, one day in the not too distant future.......
Well, we might be able to mess with the Higgs field, but it won't work the way you want it to. The Higgs field only contributes to the mass of elementary particles, for composite objects most of the mass comes from the interactions holding them together. For instance, a proton is made of three quarks with a total mass of about 8 to 12 MeV, but the proton mass is 938 MeV.
So, even if you completely removed all the mass from the Higgs field, you would still have about 99% of the mass left over. Also, i208khonsu is correct in pointing out that you would totally mess with atomic physics and chemistry.
I'm wondering about something. We get some nice videos like this one explaining about what kind of distributions of dark matter would explain the movement of our galaxies. Fine.
But the dark matter too must move and be impacted by light matter, yes ? So it is not enough to explain what form the dark matter can have, we must also show how it could have gotten that shape in the first place.
Within those models, are we in a kind of equilibrium where dark matter and light matter patterns can more or less keep they shape they have (disk like galaxies etc..) or are the shapes of things unstable (in the scale of billions of years) ?
Great video!
well... from Argentina i have to thank you all :)
i love your videos
please keep going :D
matias schvartzman Cordoba Argentina here
Y yo que pensaba que era el único argentino que frecuentaba este canal
Enjoyed the video!
Nice presentation (as usual). I don't know why they expect massive particles for dark matter. I expect electron-size scales, infact I expect it's a frozen sea of electron-positron pairs.
Awesome video. Could you please explain again why only smaller objects like dark matter asteroids could be made and not dark matter stars as it seemed to be glossed over quite quickly in the video. Thanks :)
He didn't say it is impossible, he only said that there exists experimental evidence ruling it out.
What I'm really questioning is what the hell does his shirt say?!
me to lol
I think his shirt says “If we knew what we were doing it wouldn’t be called “research” would it?
My thoughts : 🤔
Galaxy rotation curve is may be little bit due to distribution of gravitational time dilation of space from galactic center to us and from us to outer side of galaxy for our Galaxy and same for all galaxy's
Because mass density in the center of galaxy is higher then middle ( where our earth is ) so time runs slower in center then middle , so stars only appears that it is moving slower relative to us . And for why we see outer stars of galaxy orbiting faster then it should be it is because time runs faster in less dense area of outer side of galaxy so that appears that they are moving faster relative to us .
If it's wrong then why ???
Could at least a little of the apparent excess rotational speed of the galaxies be due to the fact that time is passing at a faster rate as you proceed from the center to the outskirts of a galaxy?
Time dilation varies from place to place and time curves space fabric so we're sort of move falling through a wobbly wibbliy jelly fabric with undulations in said jelly affecting space
I applaud your use of the term "possible" in regards to dark energy an dark matter. Even though the evidence is mounting for their existence, we still don't have direct, confirmed identification of either. I am looking forward to the hi-fi lensing studies and continued efforts to detect elusive weakly interacting particles. It's much like identifying/quantifying the water vapor that the clouds form from before spectroscopy. I still think a large part of it is regular matter, much of which is behind event horizons. Gais recently discovered massive amounts of white dwarfs never seen before, and there are undoubtedly even more brown dwarfs and black holes that we will not be able to detect by any means, for centuries to come.
I thought there the evidence is decreasing. From the initial hey there is unaccounted stuff, we are now still empty handed after a century and half of (re)search
dark matter like genes has genetic coding as a string.
you can also infer or generate dark energy from the gravity force because they are interrelated.
Uh, how about antimatter???
+Capbium TEOI
If our galaxy were embedded in a cloud of antiparticles, we would notice all the radiation from the annihilations with the galaxy's ordinary matter. And because of the annihilations there wouldn't be much antimatter left after not too long, and we'd probably all be dead from the radiation.
Fermilab The theory of dark matter is interesting, however, I cannot help but think of the ether theory in the late 1800s or early 1900s.
Is it possible that the self interaction of dark matter is the actual cause for the limit of speed of light and that in areas void of dark matter (Hawking radiation, the edge of the expanding universe), things can move faster?
Your galaxy simulation at time code 1:57 depicts the Milky Way Galaxy traveling faster as you move to the center. I thought they proved that the spin wheel rotates at the same speed. Farthest out to close in, the same speed and this was because of either Dark Energy or Dark Matter, I forgot.
Very nice video, but I feel like there was something lacking... I'm curious as to what exactly dark charge would help explain better than regular WIMPs, and how the simulations would look like with that change.
As far as I know dark charge and whatnot doesn't really help explain anything, its just something interesting to think about. What it does do though, is that if its true then it might give us more ways to measure dark matter. For instance, I think I heard something a while ago about an idea where dark photons had a chance to convert into normal photons and vice versa, which predicts that you should see a little bit of light shining through walls and stuff. Usually this kind of thing isn't considered likely enough to get its own experiment, but they might try analyzing the data from other experiments looking for new kinds of signals.
One observation I have is that visible matter exists entirely/mostly within the galaxy and is surrounded by dark matter.Therefore it is very likely that visible matter came from the surrounding dark matter. The idea is that dark matter changes when it enters warped space such as in a galaxy.
To go on I'd say that way out there between galaxies matter has no weight and therefore electrons are not attracted to protons but once these particles enter warped space, the proton becomes 1000x heavier than the electron and the electron is forced to orbit the proton.
This idea means that the strong nuclear force is really gravity at work on the very small.
but this is all just wild speculation.
I'd call it "Dead Space".
Now this is a scientist: someone who isn't afraid to say he doesn't know or that a hypothesis might be wrong.
This is how we all should be.
Do Dark matter forms dark sphere centered at the galaxy center due to the dominant self interaction, creating the spherically symmetric dark pressure, as compared to the spin forces of spinning galaxy? otherwise, if spin would be the dominent effect on dark matter than the dark pressure, the shape of the dark matter would be a disk, just like ordinary matter.
I have a question. If the motion of star(sun) and planets are according to newtonian dynamics. It means there is no dark matter within our solar system. Then why we are trying to detect the so called DM particles on earth???
wonderful
Another very interesting and brilliantly made video!
Component Multiverse This tells you the number of multiverse components required to give branching timelines, becoming denser at tipping points and then spreading out again.
Just because it's more difficult to detect or understand, doesn't mean it's because it's too complicated. You examine a needle with photons you learn faster where the extents are, you use electrons and it takes much longer to sort the grand minutia of similar data to find the big picture.
Is there any reason there must be only two kinds of charge? How about e.g. five types of matter, each interacting only with itself save for gravity? Maybe there is a roughly equal amount of each. Maybe that is why we see only a fifth of the matter.
I think money turns into dark matter. My money interacts with my purchases less and less every year.
No, that's Cosmic Inflation. ;)
Dr. Lincoln, Great Video! Most informative. I would like to offer you a simple suggestion for why there is no need for dark matter in the rotation of other galaxies. Galaxies are rotating as they form because their parent entity was rotating. This rotation is not kinetic from the galaxy's frame of reference. No two galaxies have a frame of reference in common, so our observations of other galaxies need to be adjusted accordingly. If we observe a galaxy with a redshift greater than 1.4, our difference in speed is more than the speed of light, we cannot possibly have frames of reference in common, what makes any other galaxy any different than this normal? Thanks.
WOW! start a youtube channel :)
Perhaps the squaring of the wave function we do to realize the momentum and mass of a system is hiding aspects of matter we merely assume were just artifacts of mathematic swhen in reality they represent actual forms of matter, such as dark matter.
The video mentions experiments were conducted that ruled out gravity from dim objects (i.e. rogue planets, brown dwarfs, and black holes) and that these experiments would also rule out dark matter objects. What were these experiments and how did they rule out dim objects??
+ScienceNinjaDude No, they cant. The unfortunate thing about microlensing is that it blocks out stars and galaxies that are directly behind the galaxies that are directly behind the stars that are doing the microlensing. They can guess, but they can never know. It sucks, but it's true.
I never knew I’d learn so much from TH-cam. Who needs college? Lol 🤣
Ordinary matter is derived from the binding of dark matter with the gauge bosons once all bosons are used up you are left with your ordinary matter and a remainder of dark matter this is the reason fermions cannot occupy the same space at the same time it also answers the question of how a super massive black hole is at the center of every galaxy
I couldn't help but think of the Monolith from 2001...
So... regular matter behaves like discs... but dark matter shapes itself into a bubble for the least amount of surface tension?
Maybe dark matter is a sphere around galaxies because there isnt a lot of it (like how planets are round because its not a lot of matter in comparison) and that a dark matter disc could exist with enough of the stuff interacting with gravity.
Ok, we seem to have two camps: One that says "Dark matter is stuff we dont have the ability to see" and Two: "Magical mystery stuff that doesnt interact with anything, in any way". At 8:00 the graph shows "strongly interacting dark matter" which negates theory of dark matter #2, which, of course, leaves theory #1: Stuff that we dont have the ability to see. In other words dark matter = stuff we dont have the ability to see, which of course means that its normal matter that strongly interacts. Hence the latest papers on the halo surrounding galaxies are much larger than previously believed. One paper says that the halo around the Milky Way galaxy may be as much as (or more than) 600,000 light years across, as apposed to the size of the Milky Way itself being 100k-110k light years across. There is no need for dark matter when you account for the nearly invisible halo and EM's.
My bet (pure speculation) for dark matter is supermassive black holes (quasar remnants). As black holes gain mass, they gain volume at a much higher rate. At some point, their density becomes less than that of air. This might cause them to stop interacting with other matter on a quantum level. Light, electrons, and other matter would pass right through them. They become large clouds of gravity.
Could Dark Matter be wrapped up in some of the extra dimensions/manifolds of String Theory? I would be interested to see what any of the String Theories have to say about Dark Matter!
+Edward Cabaniss Could it? Of course. Is it? Nobody can say, nobody. String theory cant be tested so therefore it can never be proven wrong (or right). The concepts are strong, but so were those of the Flat Earth argument.
Flat Earth has no strong arguments of any sort and can be easily demonstrated false. It's a case completely different from String Theory.
String Theory, or at least its specific forms like M-theory, do make predictions such as supersymmetry or extra dimensions, the real problem is empirically testing those predictions. But so was the case for many other theoretical predictions of older theories. I'm no fan anymore of String Theory but I won't accept it's just a theoretical rant, as every theory it does predict things we don't know yet about and that we may find about in the future if technology and ingenuity allow.
Lincoln is the best.
Hey all. Is the hypothesis that dark matter has a reversed acceleration vector with respect to normal matter when interacting with gravity still a valid one?
like 'exotic matter' having a negative mass thus being repelled by the gravity?
@@madhurilikhitkar9518 No it's still attracted, just has opposite acceleration.
Alternate theory: dark matter is made up of hyper-intelligent space gorillas using cloaking devices
Dark matter is simpler than that. Thanks for the lesson.
The satellite galaxies in the animation look like lemons lol.
The quantum field with virtual particles, is more fundamental than particles/strings, but physicists pay less importance to studying these fields (observable and verifiable due to Cashmere effect), which might reveal more mysteries like that of dark matter and dark energy, inflation, anti-matter, big bang and much more.
if there is 5 times as much dark matter as there is regular matter, there could be 5 different kinds of dark matter and each type would see every other type as dark matter too
I'm a fan!!!,
the dark matter/energy sphere is the confluence sphere for the energy of the local system. The disc comes from matter focusing near the center plane on axis. Why energy distributes into spheres, I have yet to imagine. But dark matter really seems to be like the ocean, and ordinary matter is the land created by that ocean. An ocean which spewed forth the elements, nutrients, and energy required for these islands to host higher metabolism life forms of greater detail and volition.
I wonder what Don thinks today, seeing how MOND has lost favorability due to several overvations of galaxies stripped of nearly all dark matter and who rotate almost exactly as relativity would suggest. It's far more than just the bullet cluster now.
The dark particle you seek is very likely the neutrino, the dark energy would be the Higgs field itself, or, rather, it’s otherwise undetectable particle constituent, and the dark photon is something you definitely wouldn’t see, as it wouldn’t have a wave form, it instead would spin around heavier mass carrying particles and produce a fluctuating ‘glow’ of sorts via electron interaction
And you’d most likely find that dark photon in a black hole, due to the effects of its gravitational force compressing the photon’s structure and it’s concentrated electro magnetic field warping the photon’s wave form into a circular flow
I’m probably crazy, I know, but look into that if you run out of doors to check, physics likes inventing new particles it can’t locate to answer and explain new problems when it has enough lying around, with little understood properties, that could very well answer these questions, perhaps we just need to check what we already have available first?
It would suck if dark matter just doesn't interact in any other way than gravity, we'd never get any clue of what it is.
unless we isolate the graviton
4:31 Five forces??? Strong, Weak, Electromagnetic, Gravity, ??? What's the fifth force?
The Higgs field.
You mean mass itself is a force?
Please explain the argument against dark matter being hydrinos.
Is it possible that dark matter are neutrons kept together by large gravity. Neutrons have magnetic dipole moment and can unite this way like ball magnets. Free neutrons are not stable, but bound neutron are infinitely stable. There are experiments that showed the existence of dineutrons..
I have a hypothesis on why dark matter is not accessible. The same hypothesis explains why and how there was asymmetry. I 've drawn a model of this and it works. It also answers a few other questions like why, there are 3 quarks. Is there someone I can talk to to at least put this hypothesis out there in case it is true?
Ending is cool
Could the graviton be a dark matter particle?
No graviton is a part of the boson family. Examples photons, graviton, and gluons.
+great one Ok, so can we pinpoint gravitons or dark matter particles at, say, 8 billion light years away?
If you see an earlier video, he states that since the graviton range is infinite, it has to be massless. And as we see, the dark matter particle is anything but massless
6:50 "Rogue Plannets", "Brown Dwarfs", "Black Holes", you touched on these but didn't explain if or why they had been ruled out. In 2017 we had our first Interstellar Interloper named Oumuamua visit our solar system.I dont understand why I have never seen an astronimer ask, "what if there are objects in the vast distances between the stars?"
Is it impossible for there to be planets (even gas giant planets) in the spaces between the stars?
I also don't understand why you've never heard that either, as astronomers have been studying that question for decades, maybe centuries. We've launched space telescopes to do surveys trying to find exactly this. Oumuamua was discovered only because astronomers are intensely studying the space between the stars, looking for anything there. We've even discovered a few rouge planets this way, just nothing approaching the numbers needed to add up to five times the mass of our galaxy.
And he didn't say they've been ruled out to exist (they do exist, we've found them by doing exactly what you think astronomers aren't asking), just that there aren't even close to enough of them to explain dark matter. Give astronomers some credit here.
@@David_Last_Name Thank you. Could you please provide a link to one of the published surveys looking for planets between stars?
@@MrManerd Sure, a quick Google search came up with OGLE. It's been searching for gravitational microlensing events for the last 5 to 6 years. ogle.astrouw.edu.pl/
Here is another one from 2011 www.nature.com/articles/nature10092
As I said, I'm also not sure why you've never heard of astronomers asking this question, they've been doing intensive studies for decades trying to answer that exact question.
Have fun!!
Very good 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
5:11 - 5:29 Explain it in other easy Ways
!!??
But, then again, it might as well be that Dirac was right with his Large Numbers Hypothesis and so gravity constant G goes inversely proprtional to the age of the universe, and the unaccounted mass is just an effect of the delayed observation.. Basically we observe distant regions as they were millions or billions of years ago and we apply G as it is now when modeling their motion.
Or, as Luis CK would say, "of course the answer is dark matter and dark energy, but may be, just may be....."
to me it seems very likely that most of the matter and energy that we can't see (dark energy and matter) is not uniform but probably subdivided into several different types of matter and energy all of which are invisible (aka dark) to us. In a more geometric way, hence what we say about dark matter being in a sphere shape. Meaning instead of 1normal matter : (whatever portion greater than 1)dark matter, we would have, 1normal matter : 1dark matter A : 1dark matter B : 1dark matter C : 1dark matter D, etc... where A interacts with normal matter stronger than B and B than C bla bla
Dark matter is a placeholder for unexplained acceleration. Accelerations are caused by forces. We know of four forces gravity,electromagnetic,weak,strong. We believe that luminosity i.e. the intensity of the em wave radiating from stars is a proportional measure of their mass and that the mass measured accounts for gravitational forces 1/6 .. while 5/6 of the acceleration is of unknown description. Some hypothesize that the 5/6 can be accounted for by the flow of charge through cosmic plasma.
It'd be wise to affix a standard definition for the dark matter and energy.
This sounds a lot like the concept of "mirror matter"
Why dark mater has not form its own stars and galaxies, given it feels gravity just as ordinary matter?
0:22 Stork Theory? 😂😅🤣
Is dark matter concentrating around ordinary dense matter like planets and stars?
Good one! Charge in the dark! Now the problem becomes more clear: detect something outside of the electromagnetic spectrum. Fascinating though, ordinary matter in a dark matter bubble bound by the laws of gravity but not governed by the rules of light or matter. A craft powered by the dark expansion energy, the most plentiful source in the known universe, now that's the UFO to have.
That would be dark energy, not dark matter. But you'd probably need a huge vacuum space to generate such dark energy, so it seems impractical (would not fit inside any spaceship or the spaceship would not be able to be made of matter: too "energetically dense" for dark energy to happen).
Also dark matter does not seem to interact in all the electronuclear spectrum, what seems quite impractical for any use, unless you power your ship by some, seemingly impossible, form of "gravity polarization" which I cannot even fathom (and in which case a rock would also probably do the job using less space).
Jim, look into this camera! No Jim! Look into THIS camera, over here! Lol!
I very much respect your intelligence mate
What if the dark energy particles I had an affect on electromagnetic wave length and slowed them down that would make the universe appeared like it was expanding because it was changing the speed of light
Couldn't physicists have called them Dark Chocolate for dark energy and Dark Chocolate with Almonds for dark matter?
The Ultimate Reductionist almond joy
Knowing physicists, they probably tried. Truth and beauty quarks got shot down in favor of boring old top and bottom quarks.
Gravity is emergent and not fundamental force. Standard model prescription of zero mass for graviton is wrong. Gravitons have mass probably 750 proton mass. Gravitons are non isotropically distributed. Therefore graviton itself can qualify for dark matter in itself.