Check your understanding: Retrograde amnesia refers to A. past memories interfering with new memories B. the inability to create new episodic memories C. difficulty speaking clearly D. the inability to recall past episodic memories
My dad suffered from Alzheimer's Disease. The neuron loss of his hippocampus therefore made his memories disappear slowly over time. The loss of his memories was the hardest for me to understand and cope with. Thanks for explaining this clearly.
Excellent class. I study everything about the brain since my childhood. It's a passion. Sometimes, I think that in the future, we'll have a big book containing everything we know about the brain, or how exactly the brain completely works, step by step. We're very far away from knowing everything about the brain. 🎉❤❤❤
@@PsychExplained I teach safety professionals how to be great trainers. They all wonder why nobody remembers their dry, 50-slide presentation even though it contains important information. I'm hoping some brain science around memory formation will help convince them to incorporate more sensory data into their training.
Some scientists say that although a person with Alzheimer's disease can't retrieve most memories, they are there. The memories are not destroyed, they can't be accessed. That's the problem.
I am a psych student and since I was a child I remembered things that couldn't connect to Theresa. Hippocampus creates electric impulse. I the body electric. My Soul😮
Dr.Kushner🙏Very good & well explained video.FORNIX needs to be researched extensively 😊 Salute to our Gray's, Grant's, Cunningham Anotomy reseach in those days with limited inventories.We all must walk ahead & do more reseach to contribute in modern world with lot of facilities. Thank you.
Great Video but theres a little mistake in regards to the neurons. The end of the first neuron in your image heads towards the end of the second neuron but the synaptic activity ist between the End branch and the dendrites of the second neuron.
Well done. Lots of good detail. Missing bifurcation of hiippocampi tracts into emotional and spatial domains of processing to provide overall context for experience and memory. Otherwise, as I say well done overall.
The decoding and assembly function does take "time", however, and how much time that it takes, no one truly knows. We could all be long dead... just remembering ourselves alive, like viewing ancient light in the night, through a telescope.
In attkins and shiffrins three step memory theory can you say that the short memory( or working memory under baddley) is based on hyppocampus ability to repeat/give meaning and manipulate information to long term memory?
Love the video! It is very helpful. I have a question regarding the rat map that you drew. 16:13 Did you draw the Amygdala or the hippocampus next to it? Because you said amygdala which made me confused.
Also, can you please explain how data / information filtering happens while creating a memory and what happens to the filtered out data? Are they lost or they are also stored somewhere in the hippocampus? I am sure it is stored and that is why we are able to retrieve that information when insisted to recollect that information that is not part of the so called "first date memory". Isn't it?
Any good info on how to repair it. Please. I cant recall shows i watched the day before. Conversations, things to have daily conversations about. It was never this bad, but past couple years its getting worse and worse and i believe its due to high stress/trauams. My therapist agrees.
How the information from the sensory organs are transformed into a memory is explained well. But, how the mind and the brain (hippocampus) are connected to retrieve a past /long-term memory that mind wants to cherish is not explained. You have said in this video several times "when you think about". Where is mind? How a thought from the mind gets to the brain and retrieve the stored information it is seeking for? Can you please explain or point to me to that information available elsewhere?
What part of the brain is responsible to retaining information. Example is reading a book, news paper, listening and understanding information. Thank you
There is no ONE structure responsible for "retaining" information. The brain is a complex organ with multiple regions involved in different aspects of information processing and memory. However, the primary structures responsible for retaining information and processing new knowledge include the hippocampus and various regions of the cerebral cortex.
Hi, thank you so much for your work! One thing remained unclear to me - what the role of hyppocampus in memory consoldation is. Could you please correct me, if I'm wrong? Each time smn recalls the memory of a date the LTP happens, to put it simple, between neurons in temporal lobe and neurons of hyppocampus , thus strengthening the connection between them. And that is how long term memory is formed. And hyppocampus doesnt' play role in LTM itself - storage or retrieving - but rather in formation of it. So when the memories are retrived the neural network doesn't include neurons of hyppocampus, but only neurons of neocortex, does it? Also if sensory information goes from neocortex to hyppocampus - one way, then the connection that strenghtens i is between axons from neocortex and cell bodies of hyppocampal neurons?
DMT treatment activates the subgranular neurogenic niche regulating the proliferation of neural stem cells, the migration of neuroblasts, and promoting the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus, therefore enhancing adult neurogenesis and improving spatial learning and memory tasks.
My sin struggles from contamination OCD since last September 1 literally overnight after having the evil vi rus early Aug. His hippocampus right side is smaller. Do you think this is inflammation or permanent or? He always feels like something is poking him. Skin sensation. Nerve endings maybe? I'm just worried about him having permanent damage. He is only 21 😢. This issue is do heartbreaking seeing him in so much distress and he's exhausted.
Great video! Thanks for your explanation. I just got a quick question: so in your another video says sensory information (except for olfactory) goes to thalamus first, and then goes to different cortexes, I am wondering which step hippocampus gets involved? Is it A or B? A. sensory info - thalamus (integrate info together) - hippocampus (close to thalamus, integrate info as well? ) - locate memory in different locations; or B. sensory info - thalamus - cortexes - hippocampus (integrate memories from different locations) - transfer new memory to somewhere else? Thanks!
Cell phones apparently damage the ability to convert short term to long term memory, hence the inability seen in many young people overexposed to these devices. Would be interesting to get your comment on this...
Very interesting! I often wonder about this. I had an accident when I was 7 and lost all long and short term memory. The thing that bothers me is this, apparently when I got home from the hospital I jumped back on a bike and went to a friends house whom I remembered, not that I remember this incident. Did something trigger these memories? Or where they just floating around before fully being erased? I also believe that for quite a few years after my accident I never stored any memory besides traumatic ones and they are vague. It’s really odd to not be able to look back and recall childhood memories, there’s nothing. However, once my brain healed my memory was sharp…it probably had a reset…but so many will never comprehend what it was like growing up and having absolute blankness and to top it off, for quite a few years I wasn’t even storing daily events into my long term memory.
@@traciemartin2509 I would assume time. My accident occurred in the 80s and there was no therapy sessions after I left hospital which I believe there should be to see how one is progressing.
I would assume neuro plasticity had a lot to do with your new found ability to heal :) you are lucky you had the accident at the age you did. Older than 25 and neuro plasticity is reduced
Many thanks! Is it your great neuron networks that make you teaching so efficiently?! (Thanks that I'm a greek, so easy to explain words like "thalamus, hippocampus, semantic, episodic, amygdala" etc..!) 16:10: You talk about amygdala; is that true? Thanks!
More than you think 😀 I spend about 2-3 days researching the topic. 1 day writing a script. 1 day rehearsing and taking more notes. Action!! 🎥 So much behind the “scenes”
What is solution for mildly reduced right hippocampus due to alcohol addiction..i m facing memory loss issue due to this addiction...it is reversible or not.
This video normalizes animal experimentation you say that you think the hippocampus is cool yet find no fault with having it legioned in an animal or experimented on in a poor rat who was starved to be motivated to find the cheese, then vivosected. There are alternatives out there more precise and more humane then animal subjects
Totally disagree. I was coming here to compliment his presentation and this is a reason why! Too many get into that sing song sleepy, slow cadence and I fully cannot get past the beginning. Also, to the creator, thank you for not wasting our time (at least how I feel about it) with the mistake of video presentation that mimic the method of report writing with intros and conclusions. Also, I say keep your flow. What is good about TH-cam is we are able to slow down and speed up the playback to our own liking:)
@@ConsciousConversations Why are you under my comment trying to be a triggered troll? I wrote my opinion and the creator showed humility and professionalism and understood that not everyone can understand fast English talking, especially those whose English isn’t their first language. Why you have to come under my comment trying to undermine what I had written, my opinion? You are a classic definition of a troll and an attention seeker. I didn’t ask you or anyone whether you agree with what I said or not. So keep kicking rocks and understand that not everyone is like “you”.
@@ConsciousConversations Usually triggered trolls come under people’s comment and try to undermine what the other person wrote. Not everyone is like “you” who can understand fast English speaking. This video is for worldwide audience whose first language may not be English, thus they can’t understand fast English speaking. The creator was humble enough to take my input and showed professionalism. No one had asked you or anyone else whether they agree with my comment or not. You coming under my comment to undermine what I had said shows you’re seeking some sort of attention.
Check your understanding: Retrograde amnesia refers to
A. past memories interfering with new memories
B. the inability to create new episodic memories
C. difficulty speaking clearly
D. the inability to recall past episodic memories
Inability to recall past episodic memories.
'Retro' is the easy way to remember that.
The answer is D
D.
It be bee?
Which part of the brain damage cause retrograde amnesia?
My dad suffered from Alzheimer's Disease. The neuron loss of his hippocampus therefore made his memories disappear slowly over time. The loss of his memories was the hardest for me to understand and cope with. Thanks for explaining this clearly.
Barry, thank you for sharing. I can't imagine watching a loved one experience this type of disease. God bless.
Music helps ❤
You, sir, are an excellent teacher.
So happy to help :)
yes this is beyond excellent!
Charlie Kirk would probably agree that you're a better teacher than most college professors :)
Excellent class. I study everything about the brain since my childhood. It's a passion. Sometimes, I think that in the future, we'll have a big book containing everything we know about the brain, or how exactly the brain completely works, step by step. We're very far away from knowing everything about the brain. 🎉❤❤❤
This video is Gold, Kudos to you for putting in so much effort and work into this ...
Amazing Video for easy and clear understanding. Thank you so much Dr. Kushner
GREAT explanation! ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ incredibly useful information
Glad it was helpful!
@@PsychExplained I teach safety professionals how to be great trainers. They all wonder why nobody remembers their dry, 50-slide presentation even though it contains important information. I'm hoping some brain science around memory formation will help convince them to incorporate more sensory data into their training.
Thank you so much! Loved the drawings and wonderful presentation ✨
Love you videos. You explain the concepts much better than most videos I have seen. Thank you...
Glad you like them!
You have the knowledge and excellent teaching abilities.
Thank you 🙏🏻
Such a clear explanation. I learnt a lot. Thanks for all your effort putting this together. :)
You're very welcome!
Some scientists say that although a person with Alzheimer's disease can't retrieve most memories, they are there. The memories are not destroyed, they can't be accessed. That's the problem.
WOW 👏💖 your explanation is amazing 😍 It's unique in different ways!
I am glad that I have found your channel. Thank you!
You're welcome 😊
Wow. What an incredible Professional. Thank you for breaking things down so well.
Excellent video - clear, concise and very well explained.
Amazing explanation! I like reading science-fiction books about the brain and such videos helps me a lot to consolidate my knowledge. Thanks!
Thanks SO much! You are just GREAT in explaining and teaching.
Thank you 🙏🏻
Enjoyed every second, it was amazing!
Glad you enjoyed it! Hope you subscribe 😎
i actually knew so little about the hippocampus, thank you very much for this amazing axplanation
Appreciate it
I am a psych student and since I was a child I remembered things that couldn't connect to Theresa. Hippocampus creates electric impulse. I the body electric. My Soul😮
Dr.Kushner🙏Very good & well explained video.FORNIX needs to be researched extensively 😊
Salute to our Gray's, Grant's, Cunningham Anotomy reseach in those days with limited inventories.We all must walk ahead & do more reseach to contribute in modern world with lot of facilities. Thank you.
Much appreciated
Great Video but theres a little mistake in regards to the neurons. The end of the first neuron in your image heads towards the end of the second neuron but the synaptic activity ist between the End branch and the dendrites of the second neuron.
L3tsGame you are SO right! Great catch. Let's just imagine the postsynaptic neuron is turned around :)
not me watching this video an hour before my psychobiology entry exam 🥹 love how this video includes everything i need to know about
😎
awesome video, and an amazing way to deliver the content! Thank you!
Glad you enjoyed it!
You’re a great teacher!
I appreciate that!
Thank you so much.
No worries!😌
Phenomenal channel!
Thank you for watching! Please subscribe 😎
Thanks a lot for this, amazing explanation! Thanks for your excellent effort!
You're very welcome!
Great Video and detailed explanation. Thank you for taking the time this is very helpful. Best wishes
You're very welcome!
Thank You.. I finally got it. Thank You!
AWESOME! thank you for the thorough explanatory
Glad it helped!
Excellent presentation sir.
Thank you so much! I appreciate the different colors and diagrams you used.
Excellent video, gonna start binging your channel
Thank you for watching! Welcome 🙏🏻
So helpful ❤❤❤
I'm so glad!
I love your lectures thank you!
Glad you like them! 😀
What a great teacher u are!!! Thx u soooo very much for the video. New subscriber for suee
our brain is amazing
It was really helphul! Thanks a lot!
Great! 😁
Great and simple video. Thank you,
Well done. Lots of good detail. Missing bifurcation of hiippocampi tracts into emotional and spatial domains of processing to provide overall context for experience and memory. Otherwise, as I say well done overall.
The decoding and assembly function does take "time", however, and how much time that it takes, no one truly knows. We could all be long dead... just remembering ourselves alive, like viewing ancient light in the night, through a telescope.
In attkins and shiffrins three step memory theory can you say that the short memory( or working memory under baddley) is based on hyppocampus ability to repeat/give meaning and manipulate information to long term memory?
Love the video! It is very helpful.
I have a question regarding the rat map that you drew. 16:13 Did you draw the Amygdala or the hippocampus next to it? Because you said amygdala which made me confused.
@@ansamdarawsha I meant to say hippocampus :)
Great video. Thanks alot Buddy!
No problem 👍
Also, can you please explain how data / information filtering happens while creating a memory and what happens to the filtered out data? Are they lost or they are also stored somewhere in the hippocampus? I am sure it is stored and that is why we are able to retrieve that information when insisted to recollect that information that is not part of the so called "first date memory". Isn't it?
Really well explained.
Thank you 🙏🏻
Thank you so much that was very informative
Glad it was helpful!
Any good info on how to repair it. Please. I cant recall shows i watched the day before. Conversations, things to have daily conversations about. It was never this bad, but past couple years its getting worse and worse and i believe its due to high stress/trauams. My therapist agrees.
Wonderfully, thanks!
My pleasure!
Excellent video
Thank you very much!
This was very helpful. Thank you. Would happened with the gain, though?
Nice lecture tks for video
Thanks
Thank you so much!! Much appreciated 😀
I love the temporal lobe and tonotropic design also the fact that it works just like zener diode system
Excellent!
Very nice review. Thanks
How the information from the sensory organs are transformed into a memory is explained well. But, how the mind and the brain (hippocampus) are connected to retrieve a past /long-term memory that mind wants to cherish is not explained. You have said in this video several times "when you think about". Where is mind? How a thought from the mind gets to the brain and retrieve the stored information it is seeking for? Can you please explain or point to me to that information available elsewhere?
Thanksgiving you information of brain hippocampus
Your welcome
So awesome, thank you
Brilliant, thank you .
Thank you for watching! I hope my other videos help you as well learn about the human mind :)
This was awesome
What part of the brain is responsible to retaining information. Example is reading a book, news paper, listening and understanding information. Thank you
There is no ONE structure responsible for "retaining" information. The brain is a complex organ with multiple regions involved in different aspects of information processing and memory. However, the primary structures responsible for retaining information and processing new knowledge include the hippocampus and various regions of the cerebral cortex.
I am a Psychology student and I cannot think of taking my exams without watching your videos Sir! Thank you for such a fantastic explanation
So nice of you!!
Hi, thank you so much for your work! One thing remained unclear to me - what the role of hyppocampus in memory consoldation is. Could you please correct me, if I'm wrong?
Each time smn recalls the memory of a date the LTP happens, to put it simple, between neurons in temporal lobe and neurons of hyppocampus , thus strengthening the connection between them. And that is how long term memory is formed. And hyppocampus doesnt' play role in LTM itself - storage or retrieving - but rather in formation of it. So when the memories are retrived the neural network doesn't include neurons of hyppocampus, but only neurons of neocortex, does it?
Also if sensory information goes from neocortex to hyppocampus - one way, then the connection that strenghtens i is between axons from neocortex and cell bodies of hyppocampal neurons?
А на русском можешь написать для меня пожалуйста
Я просто анг не знаю
Well explained sir
DMT treatment activates the subgranular neurogenic niche regulating the proliferation of neural stem cells, the migration of neuroblasts, and promoting the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus, therefore enhancing adult neurogenesis and improving spatial learning and memory tasks.
Are the place cells in amygdala or hippocampus ?
Hippocampus! I mistakenly said amygdala
@@PsychExplained I have the same questions too xD😄, now I get it!
you're so great
Thank you for watching 👍
My sin struggles from contamination OCD since last September 1 literally overnight after having the evil vi rus early Aug. His hippocampus right side is smaller. Do you think this is inflammation or permanent or? He always feels like something is poking him. Skin sensation. Nerve endings maybe? I'm just worried about him having permanent damage. He is only 21 😢. This issue is do heartbreaking seeing him in so much distress and he's exhausted.
Great video! Thanks for your explanation. I just got a quick question: so in your another video says sensory information (except for olfactory) goes to thalamus first, and then goes to different cortexes, I am wondering which step hippocampus gets involved? Is it A or B? A. sensory info - thalamus (integrate info together) - hippocampus (close to thalamus, integrate info as well? ) - locate memory in different locations; or B. sensory info - thalamus - cortexes - hippocampus (integrate memories from different locations) - transfer new memory to somewhere else? Thanks!
Great question! I would argue A: Sensory info - Thalamus - Hippocampus/Amygdala - Cortex
Do all these inputs go through the thalamus first before going to the hippocampus?
Except for smell 👃
Cell phones apparently damage the ability to convert short term to long term memory, hence the inability seen in many young people overexposed to these devices. Would be interesting to get your comment on this...
Can you explain what diffrents from STM and LTM. Thanksyou
言出法随. It sounds when you are saying or watching something, a synapse is being created or connected.
I agree with this :)
At 16:08 you said "amygdala"... Did you mean to say hippocampus? I'm a bit confused 😅
Very interesting! I often wonder about this. I had an accident when I was 7 and lost all long and short term memory. The thing that bothers me is this, apparently when I got home from the hospital I jumped back on a bike and went to a friends house whom I remembered, not that I remember this incident. Did something trigger these memories? Or where they just floating around before fully being erased?
I also believe that for quite a few years after my accident I never stored any memory besides traumatic ones and they are vague.
It’s really odd to not be able to look back and recall childhood memories, there’s nothing.
However, once my brain healed my memory was sharp…it probably had a reset…but so many will never comprehend what it was like growing up and having absolute blankness and to top it off, for quite a few years I wasn’t even storing daily events into my long term memory.
How did you get your to heal? 🙏♥️
@@traciemartin2509 I would assume time. My accident occurred in the 80s and there was no therapy sessions after I left hospital which I believe there should be to see how one is progressing.
I would assume neuro plasticity had a lot to do with your new found ability to heal :) you are lucky you had the accident at the age you did. Older than 25 and neuro plasticity is reduced
Very useful
Thank you for watching!
I am subscribing ur channel
Man I’m fuck up in life I don’t got aye hippocampus at all you know how get one for me 😢
Pardon...i got confused....so does hippocampus play a role in turning short term memories into long term or does it not play a role ????????
12:00, I don ´t get the diagram, two axons connected? I thought it should be an axon and a dendrite...
Yes you found it!! This was a drawing error I made that only one other viewer has pointed out. So smart 😝
It would be cool if we could encode these signals into digital form and reinject them back into a real brain.
Many thanks! Is it your great neuron networks that make you teaching so efficiently?! (Thanks that I'm a greek, so easy to explain words like "thalamus, hippocampus, semantic, episodic, amygdala" etc..!) 16:10: You talk about amygdala; is that true? Thanks!
Thank you for your kind words! 🙏🏻 That was my mistake, I meant to say “hippocampus” when discussing place cells
Do you practice speaking before you record the segment?
More than you think 😀
I spend about 2-3 days researching the topic.
1 day writing a script.
1 day rehearsing and taking more notes.
Action!! 🎥
So much behind the “scenes”
What is solution for mildly reduced right hippocampus due to alcohol addiction..i m facing memory loss issue due to this addiction...it is reversible or not.
I would recommend to talk to your doctor. Best of luck in your recovery ❤️🩹
Fantastic
omg thanks soo much
Happy to help
🙏
My dad thought hippo campus was called happy campers doh the daddy 😮
Did you skip short term memory?
I just watched this video to hear how it’s pronounced. I thought, “surely it can’t be hippo campus”
Yep! And a memory technique is, would you ever forget seeing a hippo on a campus?
🍽
This video normalizes animal experimentation you say that you think the hippocampus is cool yet find no fault with having it legioned in an animal or experimented on in a poor rat who was starved to be motivated to find the cheese, then vivosected. There are alternatives out there more precise and more humane then animal subjects
Talking way too fast. Needs to speak a little slower.
I’ll….slow….down….next…time 😇
Totally disagree. I was coming here to compliment his presentation and this is a reason why! Too many get into that sing song sleepy, slow cadence and I fully cannot get past the beginning. Also, to the creator, thank you for not wasting our time (at least how I feel about it) with the mistake of video presentation that mimic the method of report writing with intros and conclusions.
Also, I say keep your flow. What is good about TH-cam is we are able to slow down and speed up the playback to our own liking:)
@@ConsciousConversations Why are you under my comment trying to be a triggered troll? I wrote my opinion and the creator showed humility and professionalism and understood that not everyone can understand fast English talking, especially those whose English isn’t their first language. Why you have to come under my comment trying to undermine what I had written, my opinion? You are a classic definition of a troll and an attention seeker. I didn’t ask you or anyone whether you agree with what I said or not. So keep kicking rocks and understand that not everyone is like “you”.
@@PsychExplained Thank you for your humility and professionalism. I did subscribe.
@@ConsciousConversations Usually triggered trolls come under people’s comment and try to undermine what the other person wrote. Not everyone is like “you” who can understand fast English speaking. This video is for worldwide audience whose first language may not be English, thus they can’t understand fast English speaking. The creator was humble enough to take my input and showed professionalism. No one had asked you or anyone else whether they agree with my comment or not. You coming under my comment to undermine what I had said shows you’re seeking some sort of attention.