Can We Live on Mars? New SETI and Nuclear Energy with Dr. Robert Zubrin
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 พ.ย. 2023
- Robert Zubrin, world-renowned space authority and founding president of the Mars Society, discusses the case for nuclear energy, living on mars, and new seti ideas in this episode of Event Horizon with John Michael Godier.
The New World on Mars: What We Can Create on the Red Planet
a.co/d/gvW7m1o
The Case for Nukes: How We Can Beat Global Warming and Create a Free, Open, and Magnificent Future
www.amazon.com/Case-Nukes-Glo...
TH-cam Membership: / @eventhorizonshow
Podcast: anchor.fm/john-michael-godier...
Apple: apple.co/3CS7rjT
More JMG
/ johnmichaelgodier
Want to support the channel?
Patreon: / eventhorizonshow
Follow us at other places!
@JMGEventHorizon
Music:
stellardrone.bandcamp.com/
migueljohnson.bandcamp.com/
leerosevere.bandcamp.com/
aeriumambient.bandcamp.com/
FOOTAGE:
NASA
ESA/Hubble
ESO - M.Kornmesser
ESO - L.Calcada
ESO - Jose Francisco Salgado (josefrancisco.org)
NAOJ
University of Warwick
Goddard Visualization Studio
Langley Research Center
Pixabay - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
![เกิดใหม่ทั้งทีก็เป็นสไลม์ไปซะแล้ว ซีซั่น 3 - ตอนที่ 57 [ซับไทย]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/pNhft3YZFRE/mqdefault.jpg)
A tofu Turkey is pardoned for every like this video gets! Happy Thanksgiving!
If my city were under siege and I had to choose between a rat and a tofurkey... I think I'd choose the rat.
Happy Thanksgiving!
Did Apollo 8 have a real turkey for Christmas🤔?
Happy Thanksgiving!
Dr Zubrin should use crypto and crowdfunding to get his vision to reality, and partner up with musk. I have been following this man and his vision for humanity since 1999, he is very practical.
Just a note on nuclear power - what comes out of a reactor is not waste, it's actually spent fuel.
The reason it is called that is if you look at what makes up the spent fuel, about 0.5% by volume is actual waste (can't be used for anything).
95% of spent fuel is usable fuel (some U235, a lot of U238, some other fissiles created by neutron capture of U238, typically this is Pu239, but can get other things like Pu241, Am, and others).
2 to 2.5% of the spent fuel is usable isotopes in industry uses.
2 to 2.5% of the spent fuel is usable isotopes for medicinal uses.
0.5% of the spent fuel is waste that cannot be used for anything and typically has half lives that are 100 years or less.
The actual waste can be safely contained for a 1000 years (we know how to do it) and after 1000 years it's no longer radioactive as it's decayed away.
Source - my degree in Nuclear Engineering
So why the crude oil addiction?
@@seanhewitt603 because it's everywhere already, we don't need to build it out.
Hi Cn Dn, given your background perhaps you can respond to my concern: spent fuel is a small proportion of the waste, the bulk is contaminated equipment. Is this a reasonable position?
Regards, Andy
A physicist in Australia developed a method to remove nuclear waste from spent fuel using lasers. The patent was filed and immediately after was classified. We have the tech they just want it to be secret presumably for nuclear proliferation reasons.
@@AndrewBlucher That depends. The largest bulk of radioactive materials is low level waste; this is things like gloves, wipes, etc that is used to clean up and/or used in medicinal/industrial use cases. The bulk of high level activated items cam be dealt with and stored as well, but it won't have near the long lasting effects that actual non-processed spent fuel.
Robert is a gem. I'm glad he's still pushing on the door for humanity's advancement.
What could be better than an interview from John Michael Godier on Thanksgiving?
What could be better? If said interview includes mars, nuclear power, and future technology 🎉
Something to be thankful for!
One with Dr. Zubrin, or course!
Love Dr Zubrin I hope he gets to see us go to Mars someday the dude just sounds so frustrated all the time lol. Like his common sense doesn't get through to anybody (who's in charge of the money, everyone else gets it)
Mr Zubrin is a gift for humanity!
What an incredible display of intelligent points of view. A celebration of science, human culture, hopes and fear. Superb 🙏🏼
Thanks for that excellent interview. Dr. Robert Zubrin is among my favorite guests.
I've always admired Dr. Zubrin. I remember seeing him on public tv back in the 80s giving demonstrations on electric motors with a vacuum cleaner and something to do with a car battery and headlight. His inspiration is part of what made me want to become an engineer.
It is sooooo refreshing to listen to this channel after sampling certain other channels (cough insane curiosity cough) which claim that we'll NEVER colonize Mars, that we'll NEVER reach the stars, etc., etc. Fascinating how some people can only see obstacles and problems while others see solutions. Thank you, JMG.
We're not going to colonise mars. There's not enough gravity to live there. This speaker is a big fat liar who knows human life living on Mars won't work, but never mentions the gravity problem because it renders the whole bullshit story redundant.
I'm amazed by the lack of of questioning by people seal clapping this codswhallop.
My BS detector is obviously way stronger than yours, but have fun.
@@justbecauseOKyes, terraforming Mars into a livable world is literally magic, and we can't even maintain a stable climate with on the world we have now. Making Mars livable isn't impossible, but it's so much harder than the task we are currently failing on every front. But that's not as sexy as fantasizing 😅
Another home run from JMG, and the Event Horizon team, with this Robert Zubrin interview. Always, and I do mean ALWAYS, interesting to listen to Zubrin’s enthusiastic ideas about our future beyond the earth.
Much admiration for Robert Zubrin’s ongoing and longstanding efforts to pull humanity into the future. A future that some human naysayers seem to resist, kicking and screaming as they go.
Positivity and enthusiasm about our future is inspirational. I get that feeling from both JMG weekly and Robert Zubrin whenever I discover one of his interviews.
Thank you JMG for providing this fascinating hour with R. Z.
Gotta love Robert's 'Sheldon' laugh! 47:20
Perfect timing for my Thanksgiving prep. Thank you!
Perfect!
Dr. Zubrin... the "angriest" man in the universe (for a good reason). Still burning as hot as WR142. Respect!
Haven't watched it yet, but any Robert Zubrin episode has my attention. Will definitely watch later!
The real problem is people having power over other people.
It's almost criminal the way lobbyist the nuclear fission industry has been portrayed as unsafe and impractical.
With energy independence from foreign fossil fuel imports and the reduction of carbon emissions at stake - we need to get this done.
If people were not willing to believe it, then it would never have happened.
Last I heard, one of the largest barriers to new nuclear power plants was that insurance companies weren’t willing to provide coverage for them. That might be a sign of their operational safety
Nah it’s like cancer more profitable not to solve with powerful peolle
Fascinating talk. The first 15 minutes or so, shows Robert should be on some energy regulatory panels or the like. We need people like this in the right places moving us forward
The idea that we're going to adopt a less regulatory, heavy nuclear energy model with a increasingly unpredictable climate sounds insanely dangerous. I think I'd rather see us throw way more money and manpower into earth based and space based solar energy.
Nah. Every nuke accident was caused by under engineering or complacent oversight. The japanese built their reactor to withstand a tsunami which would happen once every 100 years instead of spending 5% more to make it good enough for once every 1000 year tsunami. This change happened because of politicians while the engineers screamed for greater durability. If we actually commit to nuclear and over engineer it then there would be no more accidents ever. The future is nuclear. Space based solar will happen as well and should happen but has just as many weaponization concerns as nuclear. Once we colonize out past jupiter we need nuclear for power. The light out there is just too weak. May as well develop it now.
Self sustaining nuclear desalination plants will absolutely be essential in our future. These plants separate the deuterium from ocean water and burn it to finish the desalination process. Our fresh water is running out and these will be absolutely essential unless we depopulated to 10% of our current levels which may happen as well seeing as birth rates are plummeting worldwide.
What makes it dangerous?
You would like governments to spend other people's money on solar. All he is asking for is governments to get out of the way so people can invest their own money on an even playing field.
@secretnewmeta1981
where is the fresh water going .?
Human embryos sport gills. No they do not. They have similar structures that in other animal embryos turn into gills. In human embryos they develop into different structures but not into gills
Yes, Dr. Zubrin's comment struck me as wrong and had me looking for my comparitive histology text from 40 years ok. Your explanation is correct according to my recollection and textbook.
God bless Robert Zubrin!
Finally, ultimate clarity and truth on nuclear power.
Happy Thanksgiving, JMG
Same to you!
This was an outstanding interview!
That interview was absolutely fascinating!!
Just listening to the guest is pretty obvious that he has never read the limits to growth.
What do you know because you read this book that Zubin doesn't? I have a vague recollection of such a book, but I am certainly not alone in having no idea of its premise or argument. For all I know you are being ironic. What do you and it say?
The horse breed that carried knights were called "destriers".
WHY don't we try to live on our moon 1st before Mars?!!! Make a launch area from our moon to get to Mars?! Small steps?
Or build our industrial plants on the moon , which will significantly lower green house gases being distributed into our atmosphere???
@@amandaofhouserobinson6707 That's another great idea ;)
Nice turkey day surprise! I remember watching Roberts interviews in the 90s when he wanted NASA to go to Mars so badly. Thx so much!!
Another great interview, Robert Zubrin is a great guest.
Great interview!
I think the problem is finding people to volunteer for PERMANENT life on Mars. It would seem to be a very grim, restricted lifestyle akin to a prison sentence. I suspect a vast majority of these volunteers would eventually seek return to Earth
Nah it will be retiring old people who want there joints in 1/3 gravity . It may seem far fetched to you but bunch of crazies on our rock out of 5 billion there will be some we can’t send
One of the best podcasts ever
thanks.
Great video and information !
This was great to finally get round to listening. I read "The Case For Mars" when I was 17. Generally have read every new book Mr Zubrin has released.
I think we should send AI robots to Mars to build everything before people show up.
This was VERY informative, thank you for sharing the intellect of Dr. Zubrin! Going to buy his books now 🤘🏾🤘🏾🤘🏾🔥🔥🔥👊🏿👊🏿
Cracking great interview. This guy knows a lot of hella interesting stuff, and I enjoyed every minute of it. Thank you for making and posting this.
I agree with Issac Arthur that the first Mars colony will most likely be an orbital station that drone landers can be deployed from.
Happy Thanksgiving!! That's for all the entertainment!!
What an awesome Thanksgiving day gift 🎁
Excellent
Happy Turkey Day Mr. Godier! Nothing beats tryptophan and Event Horizon 😴 thanks for all the content!
Nice job, JMG
Zubrin talking about the Club of Rome! Nice!
That was awesome
The big problem is how constant 1/3rd Gravity is going to affect human biology, particularly human reproductive systems. We currently have no idea how they will be affected. Assuming that there won't be negative effects is pure silliness. If we have to build O'Neil habitats to provide a 1 gee environment to reproduce in and raise children to near adulthood, that's a major complication.
That's right. As far as I know, there is so far, no solution to the huge problem of long term human exposure to the low gravity environment. That doesn't mean we shouldn't pursue a mission to Mars, but that has to be solved before there is anything like a colony.
Happy holidays production ideas
The issue for finding concentrated ores is, in my understanding, that ore concentrations on Earth come from processes involving water over billions of years. I suspect that those processes did not occur on Mars.
We'll find out when we get there.
I hope to get a nyc cab 🚕 ride from Dr Zubrin someday.
A very enjoyable hour!!!! i'm in nirvana now
An Orbital Ring is the horse after the cart.
Great
Happy Arthursday! Oh wait... Wrong Chanel.
Happy Arthursday and Happy Thanksgiving!
11:25 indeed! well said!
I believe in nuclear energy and I don't think people just hate or fear nuclear energy per se but instead they fear the companies and government which time after time (flint, michigan, three mile island) lie to them and treat them as disposable meat sacks so even though I think nuclear is the way to go, I wonder how could we ensure that they will actually protect the peoples interests and integrity in order to allow them to go full throttle.
Zubin's analysis doesn't seem to include this aspect of anti-nuclear feeling. I don't think I entirely buy his contention that it's down to 'Malthusians'.
This guy is good. Very interesting ideas. Good that he has an unusual take on a lot of things.
Cool
I giggled when I heard "the G star". Hahaha.
yes we can...
The horses zubrin was talking about were called draft horses btw. they're huge.
"They hate nuclear more than they hate fossil" Dr Paul Dorfman to a tee.
Two problems:
1. Massive amounts of radiation on the surface of Mars, and nobody wants to live in underground caves/bunkers, or locked inside of artificial shelters for their entire lives. Perhaps there is an architectural and designing solution to this, but no matter what, you can't spend much time outside. This isn't easy to solve.
2. Lack of gravity. There's been little research on the effects of low gravity. We don't know exactly how much gravity the human body needs to remain healthy, or what the effects of low gravity might be on reproduction. We can't live in a giant centrifuge without vomiting all the time. Gravity issue may well be insurmountable.
Spot on. Mind you I`m sure that "genius" Musk will come up with solutions by just thinking them away. Your comment displays more thought than the entire broadcast by Zubrin. I notice he doesn`t even mention these problems. .
We live in a global culture where places like the upper slopes of Mt. Everest are littered with several hundred tourist bodies. Or the bottom of the ocean, the Titanic recently claimed more victims. Or the bases in Antarctica that are manned year round. Or the international space station which is a sealed environment where people live in space. Seems to me lots of people are fine with living in bubbles in extreme environments. As to doing it for life, well, that's not really the plan right now. The plan is for back and forth trips, and that's what the infrastructure is being designed for. It won't be for most people, but there will always be a contingent that will do it. .
@@JohnMichaelGodier I`d love to see a Mars mission, but its not going to happen any time soon no matter what Musk and others say. There are just too many obstacles to overcome. To go back and forth as you put it requires 7-8 refuel rockets per 10 or so people. Its just not feasible atm. And what physical state will those people be in after prolonged exposure to zero G`s or 1/3g for at the very least two years? So far if memory serves the longest anyone has stayed in space continually is just over a year and it took them some 18 months to fully physically recover. What will two years do to a human body, we just don`t know atm. Then there`s other considerations, just the caustic dust problem alone seems very difficult to overcome.
Yes people might go to Everest, or the Antarctic but they don`t live 24/7 in space suits when they are there, they breath oxygen. If they go to the bottom of the ocean or a space station its a sealed environment how long do they stay there? Certainly not for two years and most certainly not for a lifetime. The nearest equivalent on earth to a mars mission is a tour of duty in a submarine. For every one sailor that serves another 100 apply but are filtered out due to physiological profiling. And by comparison that`s an absolute cakewalk compared to a 25 month mission to mars.
one of your better interviews ......
Where there is a profit to be made, we'll go
Hey John happy Thanksgiving. The Zubrin guy I think I remember him. Didn’t he at one time pitch Mars missions to NASA and congress both?
There is something external or internal, or some combination of both, to humanity that keeps us from advancing.
The naive optimism is refreshing. 😀
He's the inventor who thought up the uranium salt fission rocket. The coolest idea ever but we dont have the materials necessary yet. Can't a thorium reactor "burn" nuclear waste?
Я думаю, ядерная энергетика на Марсе начнется вначале с урановой и на МОКС-топливе версии, а уже потом может перейти на ториевую версию. Для получения урановой версии АЭС на Марсе у нас уже все есть, за исключением некоторым специфических для Марса проблем (теплоноситель на углекислоте, отдача тепла в грунт). А ториевые версии АЭС еще нужно только разрабатывать и проектировать и строить, сначала на ЗЕмле, чтобы все отработать, и потом только на Марсе. В конечном итоге перенос части ядерных материалов на Марс позволит повысить безопасность ЗЕмли, потому что ядерные материалы, особенно плутоний, которые может быть более успешно использован на Марсе в составе МОКС-топлива, чем на Земле, может быть использован в военных целях. На Марсе же пока воевать некому и не за что, там угроза ядерной войны если и возникнет, то еще очень нескоро, через сотни лет, если там вообще возникнут разные государства. Ториевая ядерная энергетика должна возникнуть на Земле и заменить ядерную и потом перейти в космос и на Марс, это несомненно.
Еще я думаю, что малые АЭС на ЗЕмле и на Марсе должны использовать для преобразования энергии из тепла в электричество поршневые паровые машины, а не турбины. Турбины для получения достаточной эффективности требуют более высокого градиента нагрева активной зоны реактора, что резко снижает срок службы топливых стержней и реактора в целом. Для поршневых паровых машин такой градиент заметно ниже, и их использование позволит продлить срок действия одной топливной сборки на порядок или более. Той же цели служит размещение АЭС в местах с холодным климатом, что позволяет повышать эффективность выработки энергии по той же причине - понижение температуры активной зоны реактора и топливных сборок и продление срока их службы. На Марсе это случится само собой по естественным причинам - там холоднее, чем на Земле. А на Земле мы должны строить новые АЭС только в местах где холодно - в США это северные штаты, Аляска, в Южной Америка - Патагония и север Чили и так далее. А вот в таких местах как Турция и Иран АЭС не нужны совершенно, и мы можем однозначно признать, что строят там АЭС по одной единственной причине - получить ядерное оружие, а не с целью получить дешевую энергию.
I would suggest Molten-Salt-THORIUM nuclear power.
I think discounting the "Limits to Growth" study is a bit wrong minded. The next doubling of the human enterprise is not likely on earth.
They approved those mini nuclear reactors proposed by an American firm to be built over here in Romania. We'll see how that pans out.
Part of the problem with Nuclear power? Is that old style Nuclear power plants are connected to Breeder reactors that help make Nuclear weapons and uses big reactors like Chernobyl or Three-miles island. When you say Nuclear power, people think of old style Nuclear reactors.
A Kilo of granite having more potential power than 100kg of oil is an incredible statistic. I live half a mile away from the biggest granite quarry in Europe. That's one hell of a lot of potential non CO2 producing power right there.
I’m not questioning his math or the facts behind the claims about how much uranium exists in granite, but that doesn’t mean it is practical to extract it from granite for use. The other possibility is that the granite is just more valuable for use as a building material. I believe that most of the uranium produced today is extracted from relatively soft rocks or soils (often a kind of sandstone) and of course it is mined, exactly like every other resource. Mined (typically) from large open pit mines and leached out using a chemical process. There seem to be a few separation processes, but one involves sulfuric acid to separate the uranium from the non-valuable material. So while the _use_ of nuclear fission is non-CO2 producing, the mining and production of the fissile material most certainly is not, nor are the thousands of tons of concrete used to construct the nuclear power plants. Overall I’m a proponent of nuclear energy, but I am always angered whenever supporters of given energy technology X, Y or Z conveniently ignore the entire production chain that makes the power possible. Yes, lithium (for batteries) mining & production has issues very similar to uranium production, but overall it is cleaner than oil extraction and consumption, and is recyclable almost indefinitely as far as we currently understand. Yes solar panels are non CO2 emitting but they too must be made from mined materials, but also are recyclable. And nuclear energy is also non-emitting except the part where the mining requires plenty of energy input to obtain and concentrate it. All of the means of producing energy must be measured by the sum total of the CO2 they introduce into the atmosphere *plus the potential other nasty environmental effects they might have* from cradle to grave in order to get a true picture of their impact.
Interesting conversation. I'm yet to see spacex do something better or quicker than NASA however.
We literally have the solution already it's been around for 45+ years. TRIG Thermo radioactive isotope generators. These can be made small enough to charge electric cars, augment home power , home heating etc..
Dr. Robert Zubrin is such a quack
I like him a little more than Avi Loeb, but not by much
I wouldn't want to live on a planet/moon with less gravity than Earth.
Even though astronauts exercise for hours each day their bones lose mass in no time. There’s no way humans are living on mars without genetic engineering which we don’t have yet.
@@charlescook5542 we have data on zero gravity and 1G. We have literally no data on extended stays at values in between and AFAIK, no good theoretical model either. While certainly a concern that needs addressing it’s not a given that we cannot adapt to some lower values of acceleration
@@robertadsett5273 one of the highest altitudes people live at on earth is in south america at some silver mine, just from the lower air pressure they suffer unique health consequences, we didn’t evolve to survive everywhere
@@charlescook5542 no joke, but that says nothing about how much gravity we need to maintain health. For that we only have two data points. We don’t need full atmospheric pressure, certainly 0.6 atm isn’t for everyone but the tibetans manage it so it’s within the human adaptation range, can probably go lower with oxygen enrichment. The question is how low (and how high) can gravity be for minimal affect on human health. Currently we don’t know, we only know that short periods of even zero gravity are fine, but long term zero gravity is a problem. Do we need 70% of earth gravity or is 10% sufficient, perhaps with additional exercise if we want to return to one g environments. I don’t know, neither does anyone else, although I can understand someone being very cautious of very low gravity given what we do know and we should be careful about lower than earth gravity until we have gathered data about the effects of low gravity on human health.
@@robertadsett5273Your talkjng quack and your information is false filled with presuppositions
im trying to figure out how to put a farm in a bottle. Maybe we can practice colonizing mars, by prestaging in antiartica, practice with the modules but...baby steps, start with a thorium reactor, and then indoor farms, etc. as difficult as antartica is, mars is a hundred times more difficult
how big are the methane clathrate deposits on mars given there's a lot of subsurface ice to capture methane and it has has been percolating up over billions of years?
I love me some Zoob!
Itz Zubrin its been a while
Seems like you could get free oxygen from radioactive decay too.
All the nuclear waste since the Manhattan project could be stored under one football field? Only if the hole was many MANY miles deep!
Enjoyed the episode. But did he say microbits per year? That sure is slow.
Why not just live in... A space station? Planets are for boomers.
we have zero point energy , zero emissions but ya know profits and all.
If we find out Mars has life exactly like ours (same dna), that would be incomprehensibly insane on so many levels. Some how organisms had a way of migrating across space, meaning life out in the universe, could be insanely vibrant. 😮
I agree with Dr. Zubrin, life on Mars, or any other terrestrial body in the solar system, is gonna be deep underground. I’m pretty confident it’s there. Rudimentary life only needed like 800 million years to exist on Earth, it’s almost like it happened as soon as it could, life is seemingly eager to exist. I think microbes could be common, but we have to dig for it. Scraping around in the surface regolith is a complete waste of time, in my opinion.
I’ve asked this a number of times on a number of different podcasts. Could modern small scale Thorium reactors be a very realistic and safe answer to our energy needs? 🤓💚♾️
Thorium has the same issues as Uranium for a proliferation issue. The supposed comment from those saying we can't use Thorium for weapons, but the fact of the matter is this, if someone really wants the weapons grade material. A lot of them say because of the n,2n reaction that no one would want to do it, but if someone wants the weapons grade material, they'll figure out a way to get that weapons grade material even with the n,2n reaction and the high dose that reaction can cause.
Thoughty2 has a great video on thorium vs uranium, if your interested.
@@csdn4483 "someone will find a way" is hardly a reason. No one with the skillset to extract that fuel is gonna take that dose.
China is moving ahead with testing thorium reactors so I guess they think it's viable
@@MrTaxiRob my point is that I hear a lot of people say that Thorium is safer than Uranium because you can't get weapons grade material which is the fallacy I'm trying to dispel. Any fissile material, which U233 is, it potentially weapons grade material.
I remember Robert Zubin on art bells radio show 20 years ago and he sounded like a little kid now he sounds middle-age that’s scary
Art had great conversations with him.
Biomass is not 'dirtier than coal' if it's pyrolized or gasified in a modern facility. I am in favour of nuclear but biomass shouldn't be 'lumped' in with coal.
I usually enjoy Zubrin's interviews, but he makes surprisingly sweeping assertions about why nuclear energy became so unpopular in the past. Seems to me that sloppy engineering standards and hidden costs destroyed the industry, not lobbying or bribes or whatever.
Not to mention the statement about Elon Musk and SpaceX being better and faster than government funded stuff XD. They just keep exploding and fucking up…
Nasa’s track record is so much better it hurts.
3 mile island was almost a complete core meltdown it was the nail in the coffin
"Sloppy Engineering standards and Hidden costs" is a surprisingly (not really on the internet) sweeping assertion with much less evidence and background information than he provided...
@@larslarsheim1741 Chernobyl... Fukushima.....
While I agree with much of what he advocates, it's frustrating when he's so dismissive of other, equally well educated and honestly motivated scientists. He can wave away some of the effects of climate change and the potential risks of unregulated nuclear power. It's not that easy for people who can't get home insurance due to increasing weather damage or people damaged by poorly regulated industries (asbestos comes to mind). The advancements he wants will be a group effort, so people will need to be better at actually listening to each other's concerns and addressing them honestly
What if we grew the food closer to the sun?
Dr sounding very libertarian and capitalist
I thought he was just "right".
Most of this talk was great, but the one thing that made no sense to me was that, after dismissing current SETI methods, at 36:30 he suggests the best way to detect intelligent aliens is to detect artificial stars within 1000 light years. Personally, any technological civilization within that distance is 50/50, but an advanced one? Maybe he is talking about galactic time scales. Perhaps a number of these have been made over the lifetime of the galaxy, the civilizations that created them may have died out, and they are still orbiting the galaxy, and at least one is passing within detection distance of us. If so, I wish he had spelled that out. It is worth a look, I suppose.
Claudio Maccone’s Statistical SETI paper estimates the nearest advanced civilization is within 50-250 light years away, or depending on several factors a maximum of 2200 light years away.
@25:56
5:26 France does that.
50:56 not true actually, there ARE Roman settlements in Canada, they are just being suppressed, because they don't fit in the Approved Timeline.
47:25 hmm...