Why Vaccines Are CRUCIAL After 55
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 16 ต.ค. 2024
- Blog: rxhealthyhabit...
As we age, our immune systems naturally weaken, making us more susceptible to various infections and their complications. For adults 55 and older, staying up-to-date with recommended vaccines is vital
The Aging Immune System and Increased Vulnerability
Our immune system's ability to fight off infections diminishes as we get older, a process known as immunosenescence. This natural decline makes older adults more susceptible to various diseases and their complications.
• Decreased antibody production: Older adults produce fewer antibodies in response to vaccines and infections, making them more vulnerable to diseases.
• Reduced T-cell function: T-cells, crucial for fighting off infections, become less effective with age, leading to a slower immune response.
• Chronic inflammation: Age-related chronic inflammation can further weaken the immune system, making it harder to combat new infections.
Influenza: A Serious Threat to Older Adults
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, poses a significant risk to older adults, with increased morbidity and mortality rates in this population.
• Higher hospitalization rates: Adults 65 and older account for 50-70% of flu-related hospitalizations each year.
• Increased mortality: This age group represents 70-85% of flu-related deaths annually.
• Complications: Older adults are more likely to develop severe complications from the flu, such as pneumonia, myocarditis, and encephalitis.
Pneumococcal Disease: A Leading Cause of Illness in Seniors
Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria can cause various infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. These diseases disproportionately affect older adults.
• Pneumonia risk: Adults 65 and older are at 3-5 times higher risk of pneumococcal pneumonia compared to younger adults.
• Invasive pneumococcal disease: The risk of invasive pneumococcal disease increases with age, with adults 65 and older having a mortality rate of 20-60%.
• Long-term effects: Survivors of pneumococcal disease may experience long-term complications, including cognitive decline and reduced quality of life.
Shingles: A Painful Reactivation of the Varicella-Zoster Virus
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (which causes chickenpox), affects nearly 1 in 3 people in their lifetime, with the risk increasing significantly after age 50.
• Postherpetic neuralgia: Up to 20% of shingles patients develop this debilitating, long-lasting nerve pain.
• Ophthalmic complications: Shingles affecting the eye area can lead to vision loss and other serious eye problems.
• Increased risk with age: The risk of developing shingles increases sharply after age 50, with a corresponding increase in complication rates.
COVID-19: A New Threat to Older Adults
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of older adults to severe respiratory infections. Vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial for this age group.
• Higher mortality rates: Adults 65 and older account for about 80% of COVID-19 deaths in the United States.
• Increased hospitalization risk: Older adults are at significantly higher risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 compared to younger age groups.
• Long COVID: Older adults may be more susceptible to long-term effects of COVID-19, including persistent fatigue, cognitive issues, and organ damage.
RSV: A Newly Preventable Threat to Older Adults
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has long been recognized as a serious threat to older adults, and now, for the first time, vaccines are available to protect this vulnerable population.
• Substantial morbidity and mortality: RSV causes up to 10,000 deaths and 160,000 hospitalizations annually among adults 65 and older in the United States.
• High vaccine efficacy: Clinical trials have shown that RSV vaccines can effectively prevent RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease in older adults, with efficacy rates ranging from 82.6% to 94.1% in the first RSV season after vaccination.
• Shared decision-making: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that adults aged 60 years and older may receive a single dose of RSV vaccine, based on shared clinical decision-making with their healthcare provider.
Recommended Vaccines for Adults 55 and Older
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